Consulta: subjectFacets:"Government policy"
Registros recuperados: 33
Data/hora: 07/06/2024 00:30:31

Institutional, Legal and Economic Instruments in Ghana's Environmental Policy
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Boon, E.K.; Hens, L.
This paper reviews the state of the environment in Ghana and explores the potential for the use of institutional, legal and economic instruments in environmental management in the specific context of this developing country. The environmental situation in Ghana is characterised by desertification, land degradation, deforestation, soil erosion, desertification and inadequate water supply in the Northern regions of the country. The population as a whole is growing at a rate of 3% per annum, with even greater urban growth rates, due to rural out-migration. Large parts of the coastal zone in the south are rapidly developing to become one large suburbanised area. Water quality is particularly threatened in the urban and industrialised areas, which are mainly...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental legislation; Government policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/375

Au Declarations
Provedor de dados: 20
Reiterating our commitment to the principles and objectives set out in the Constitutive Act of the African Union and our common conviction that peace, security, democracy, good governance, political and social stability as well as sound economic policies are essential conditions for the sustainable socio-economic development of the African continent;
Tipo: Conference Material
Palavras-chave: Government policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/548

Government policies on sustainable development in Namibia
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Tarr, P.; Blackie, R.
This paper examines the evolution, since 1990, of key government policies on sustainable development in Namibia. Namibia’s approach has been largely homegrown, responding to issues that are of concern to the Namibian public and policy-makers. The most successful policies have been those that have either been based on strong community-level institutions such as conservancies, or on high-quality scientific analysis, such as the management of fisheries and Environmental Assessments (EAs). Both examples have involved strong stakeholder participation in the formulation of policies and legislation. While issues relating to land and local governance of natural resources require cooperation from up to four government ministries to resolve conflicts,...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Government policy; Sustainable development; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35332.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/547

Famine in Ethiopia: Policy Implications of Coping Failure at National and Household Levels
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Webb,   Patrick; von Braun,   Joachim; Yohannes,   Yisehac.
This study argues that famines are preventable.  What was once a universal threat to human life is now primarily in Sub-Saharan Africa. Africa is likely to be the only continent to experience a continued high level of famine mortality during the 1990s, as well as an increase in absolute poverty. Therefore, the current challenge facing policymakers and research organizations such as IFPRI is to reduce the negative effects of famine in Africa and to lay the foundations for its longer- term eradication. This research by Patrick Webb, Joachim von Braum, and Yisehac Yohannes was designed to contribute to a better understanding of the root causes of famine and thereby to identify appropriate policies and projects for famine mitigation. As part of a larger IFPRI...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Famines; Ethiopia; Droughts; Government policy; Food supply; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37973

Community empowerment and scaling-up in urban areas: The evolution of push/prospect in Zambia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Garrett,   James L.
Includes bibliographical references. Urban Challenges to Food and Nutrition Security.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: CARE; Poverty alleviation; Community organizations; Urban poor; Peri-urban areas; Urban programming; Empowerment; Community-driven development (CDD); Food aid; Scaling up; Civil society; Government policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60395

Distribution of Gains from Cattle Development in a Multi-Stage Production System: The Case of the Bali Beef Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ambarawati,   I Gusti Agung Ayu; Zhao,   Xueyan; Griffith,   Garry R.; Piggott,   Roley R.
Beef production in Bali is dominated by smallholders, just like the majority of Indonesian agriculture. A wide range of policies has been implemented to enhance development of the Bali beef industry. Knowledge about the distribution of the returns from the development of the cattle industry, including marketing, informs decision making. This paper examines the benefits from cattle development in a multi-stage production representation of the Bali beef industry using equilibrium displacement modelling (EDM). Benefits are measured as changes in economic surplus. The distribution of benefits among farmers, processors and retailers is also examined.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Beef production; Government policy; EDM; Economic surplus.; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57829

Commercialization of Agriculture Under Population Pressure: Effects on Production, Consumption, and Nutrition in Rwanda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: von Braun,   Joachim; de Haen,   Hartwig; Blanken,   Juergen.
Rapid population growth in agroecologies that are already under high population pressure poses a major challenge for development policy. It becomes an even greater challenge in complex agroecologies where little new technology for rapid agricultural expansion is available. The mountain zones of the Zaire-Nile Divide in Central Africa present an example of such a challenging environment where agriculture has encroached onto marginal zones, that is, water catchment areas and the last tropical forests of the area. This study by von Braun, de Haen, and Blanken highlights the potentials of agricultural development for the employment, income, and consumption of the poor, but also stresses that nonagricultural rural growth and employment expansion are key to...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture and State; Rwanda; Produce trade; Government policy; Exports; Food supply; Nutrition policy; Population; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Development.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42154

An Economic Assessment of Space Solar Power as a Source of Electricity for Space-Based Activities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: MacAuley,   Molly K.; Davis,   James F.
We develop a conceptual model of the economic value of space solar power (SSP) as a source of power to in-space activities, such as spacecraft and space stations. We offer several estimates of the value based on interviews and published data, discuss technological innovations that may compete with or be complementary to SSP, and consider alternative institutional arrangements for government and the private sector to provide SSP.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Government policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; O33; O32; L98.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10794

Scaling up Kudumbashree--collective action for poverty alleviation and women's empowerment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kadiyala,   Suneetha.
This paper discusses the factors that enabled and constrained the scaling up of a multisectoral poverty alleviation program called Kudumbashree, initiated by the government of Kerala (GOK), India, in 1998 to eradicate poverty by 2008. It also discusses some potential threats to and trade-offs of scaling up Kudumbashree. This report draws primarily upon the available literature and qualitative data collected during a five-day visit to Kudumbashree in March 2003. In 1991, the GOK, along with UNICEF, initiated the Community-Based Nutrition Program (CBNP) in Alleppey town to improve the health and nutritional status of children and women. CBNP facilitated collective action by forming and developing the capacity of three-tiered community development societies...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Scaling up; Collective action; Poverty alleviation; Women; Empowerment; Community-driven development (CDD); Government policy; Gender; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60400

Road Development, Economic Growth, and Poverty Reduction in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fan,   Shenggen; Chan-Kang,   Connie.
In 1978, China initiated its economic and agricultural policy reforms. The ensuing rapid economic growth led to transportation shortages and congestion problems and increased the demand for roads. Since 1985 the government has given high priority to road development, particularly the construction of high-quality roads such as highways and freeways. While the construction of high-quality roads has taken place at a remarkably rapid pace, the construction of lower-quality and mostly rural roads has been slow. This study evaluates the contribution of roads to economic growth and poverty reduction in China. It disaggregates road infrastructure into different classes of roads to account for quality, and then estimates the impact of road investments on overall...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Roads; Economic aspects; China Infrastructure (Economics); Government policy; Rural poor; 1976–2000; China; Economic policy; 2000 conditions; Regional disparities; Economic conditions; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Public Economics.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37892

Profits and Politics: Coordinating Technology Adoption in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pande,   Rohini.
This paper examines the political economy of coordination in a simple two-sector model in which individuals' choice of agricultural technology affects industrialization. We demonstrate the existence of multiple equilibria; the economy is either characterized by the use of a traditional agricultural technology and a low level of industrialization or the use of a mechanized technology and a high level of industrialization. Relative to the traditional technology, the mechanized technology increases output but leaves some population groups worse off. We show that the distributional implications of choosing the mechanized technology restrict the possibility of Pareto-improving coordination by an elected policy-maker, even when we allow for income redistribution.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrialization; Choice of technology; Government policy; Political Economy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O14; H10.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28383

Food policy liberalization in Bangladesh: How the Markets and the Government Delivered?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chowdhury,   Nuimuddin; Farid,   Naser; Roy,   Devesh.
Three factors, advent of new technology (HYV), development of infrastructure and market liberalization working in tandem have delivered favorable food security outcomes for Bangladesh. Bangladesh’s food-policy has benefited from a liberalized trade regime and a consistent downsizing of the government, all with favorable effects on poverty and nutrition. Post liberalization, the findings suggest a perceptible increase in the cost-effectiveness of the public food grain distribution system (PFDS). The favorable effects of liberalization are also evident in growths in outputs, market size, the size of private stocks, the emergence of a two peak harvest seasonality, and finally in declining real rice prices. The government has moreover downsized the PFDS,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food policy; Liberalization; Government policy; Markets; Food security; Agricultural and Food Policy; Marketing.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58574

Rural development policies and sustainable land use in the hillside areas of Honduras: a quantitative livelihoods approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jansen,   Hans G.P.; Pender,   John L.; Damon,   Amy L.; Schipper,   Robert A.
Promising ways of promoting sustainable development in less-favored areas have long been a focus of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Hillside areas are an important facet of less-favored areas because they often have limited biophysical potential and attract limited public investment. As a result, poverty, low agricultural productivity, and natural resource degradation tend to be interrelated problems in such areas. In Honduras, poverty is deep and widespread, and this is especially the case in the hillside areas— home to one-third of the country’s population. The majority of these people earn their living through agriculture, as either smallholders or farm laborers. Rural poverty in the hillsides results primarily from unequal...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Sustainable development; Honduras; Rural development; Government policy; Hill farming; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37883

Storage, Trade, and Price Policy Under Production Instability: Maize In Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pinckney,   Thomas C.
Instability in the production of a staple food causes severe hardship for many countries. For a country that is self-sufficient in its staple food in a normal production year, the large swings in price and consumption that result from an exclusive and uninhibited reliance on trade to stabilize prices are unacceptable. Most countries, therefore, intervene in their domestic cereal markets and move supplies from surpluses to deficit years through storage or by subsidizing international trade. The appropriate method of intervention and the most efficient way to achieve supply stability thus became topics of study. For the most part, economist have encouraged governments to rely more on trade than on stocks to make up deficits on years of production shortfalls....
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Corn industry; Government policy; Kenya; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42171

Effects of exchange rate and trade policies on agriculture in Pakistan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dorosh,   Paul A.; Valdes,   Alberto.
This report on Pakistan is one of a series of country studies undertaken by the International Trade and Food Security Program are IFPRI on trade and macroeconomic policies. Other studies in this series include research reports on Colombia, Argentina, Nigeria, Zaire, and the Philippines, and collaborative work with the World Bank on this tonic in several other countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.  The findings from this research have vividly shown the need to analyze the effects of policy interventions in agriculture in developing countries in an economic-wide framework. There is now an overwhelming body of evidence showing that trade and exchange rate policies have, in most countries, had a far greater impact, generally adverse, on agricultural...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Produce trade; Government policy; Pakistan; Agriculture prices; Foreign exchange problem; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42161

Trade-Related Policy and Canadian-U.S. Fed Cattle Transactions Basis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schulz,   Lee L.; Schroeder,   Ted C.; Ward,   Clement E.
Price differences among fed cattle prices in Canada and the United States (referred to here as fed cattle basis) are important for Canadian cattle feeders, but changing government regulations in Canada and the United States have made basis more variable. This article uses transaction data from Canadian feedlots to quantify fed cattle price differentials in light of new policy initiatives. Using transaction prices, we find that differing slaughter regulations, labeling laws, and policies affecting access to U.S. markets for Canadian cattle affect fed cattle basis.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Basis; Canada; Cattle prices; Government policy; International trade; Market access; Transaction prices; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117174

Economic Incentives and Comparative Advantage in Indonesian Food Crop Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gonzales,   Leonardo A.; Kasryno,   Faisal; Perez,   Nicostrato D.; Rosegrant,   Mark W.
Recognizing that the green revolution has resulted in considerable success in production of rice and wheat in many Asian countries, which are now self-sufficient or surpluses in these cereals, IFPRI believes that further growth in agriculture will rely on the productivity of these countries to diversify their agricultural production, while improving productivity in cereals through management and human capital-intensive increase in yield levels. Indonesia is an important example of a country where policy successes in rice production combined with other domestic and world developments in the economic environment of agriculture encouraged policymakers to consider agricultural diversification policies. Key developments leading to an increased interest in...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture and state; Indonesia; Produce trade; Government policy; Food crops; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37969

PROGRESA and Its Impacts on the Welfare of Rural Households in Mexico
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Skoufias,   Emmanuel.
In the second half of the twentieth century, many developing countries adopted broad social assistance programs, like food subsidies, ostensibly designed to help poor people. Their effectiveness was mixed and, unfortunately, many of these expensive programs did not make much difference in the lives of poor people, much less help them climb permanently out of poverty. In the 1990s Mexico took a completely new approach. It launched a social program— PROGRESA—that was revolutionary in two ways. First, PROGRESA aimed to integrate interventions in health, education, and nutrition simultaneously, based on an understanding that these dimensions of human welfare are interdependent and that poor health, education, and nutrition are both causes and consequences of...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Rural poor; Government policy; Programa de Educación; Salud y Alimentación (Mexico City; Mexico); Evaluation; Poverty; Government policy; Mexico; Social policy; Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37891

2nd Forum on Irrigation and water for sustainable development: 15 –16 December, 2008 Ghion Hotel, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Awulachew,   Seleshi Bekele; Erkossa,   Teklu; Balcha,   Yodit.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustainable development; Irrigation management; Irrigation water; Irrigated farming; Irrigation systems; Supplemental irrigation; Land management; Land use; Investment; Case studies; Government policy; Rural poverty; Groundwater; Small scale systems; Socioeconomic development; Economic aspects; Economic growth; Income; Water management; Water resources development; Water harvesting; Water supply; Public policy; Agricultural production; Developing countries; Public-private cooperation; History; Case studies; River basins; Crop production; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118411

Risk Management Instruments for Water Reallocations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hart,   Chad E.
Federal and state governments are searching for programs and/or policies to deal with the risks linked with uncertainty in water supplies and demands. Within the United States, competition among agricultural, urban, and environmental concerns for water is increasing. Drought conditions and water use restrictions have, at times, limited water supplies for these varied uses. The federal government stands in a unique position as both a major supplier and demander of water. As such, the federal government has put forward several programs for water conservation, information, and usage. One area in which the federal government has not made significant progress is the issue of risk management and compensation for water reallocations. When natural forces or...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Government policy; Reallocation; Risk management; Water rights; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18298

Drought and Famine Relationships in Sudan: Policy Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Teklu,   Tesfaye; von Braun,   Joachim; Zaki,   El Sayed.
Sudan experienced severe food shortage and famine during the 1970s and 1980s. For a country known for its vast agricultural resources, this is both unfortunate and ironic. This research report explores the basic factors that contributed to the recurrence of this phenomenon and identifies policies and actions for avoiding famines and achieving sound and sustainable food policies.  The study demonstrates the complexity of policy for prevention, which encompasses macroeconomic reform, promotion of agricultural production and technological change, market development, employment promotion, and interventions for health and nutrition. The researchers extensively investigated all theses aspects from primarily field data gathered before and after the 1984-85...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Famine; Sudan; Droughts; Food relief; Government policy; Drought relief; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42119

INSTABILITY AND RISK IN U.S. AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goodwin,   Barry K.
The U.S. government has been extensively involved in providing income support and risk management policies for U.S. farmers over the last 65 years. Risk management policies have included crop insurance, disaster relief, and in recent years, revenue insurance. Recent policy changes signaled an intention on the part of policy makers, at least in principle, to move U.S. agriculture toward the free market. Low commodity prices and localized droughts, however, have brought about renewed calls for direct income assistance. In this paper, we discuss the role of the government in providing policies to address income shortfalls and risk in agriculture. Problems and inconsistencies with policies are identified and discussed.  Implications for international markets...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Crop insurance; Government policy; Risk management; Agricultural and Food Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14700

Irrigation and Water for Sustainable Development; Proceedings of the Second Forum December 15-16, 2008, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Awulachew,   Seleshi Bekele; Erkossa,   Teklu; Balcha,   Yodit.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustainable development; Irrigation management; Supplemental irrigation; Land management; Investment; Case studies; Public sector; Private sector; Cooperation; Government policy; Rural poverty; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118400

Menos desiguales: la distribución del ingreso luego de las reformas estructurales
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jaramillo,   Miguel; Saavedra,   Jaime.
Entre 1997 y 2006 —el periodo posterior a la reforma estructural en Perú— el coeficiente de Gini del ingreso familiar per cápita disminuyó de 0.54 a 0.49. Otros hallazgos claves en el análisis de la evolución reciente de la desigualdad en el Perú son el rol de los ingresos no laborales en la reducción de la desigualdad del ingreso, la identificación de niveles de desigualdad mayores en las zonas urbanas que en las rurales y la disminución más pronunciada de la desigualdad en las zonas urbanas.  Entre los factores que explican la desigualdad es reveladora la importancia del área de residencia (urbana/rural) como protagonista de un rol mucho mayor que el sugerido por estimados para periodos anteriores. Así mismo, se evidencia una dinámica de mercado que ha...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Desigualdad economica; Distribucion del ingreso; Politica social; Politica gubernamental; Mercado de trabajo; Economic disparity; Income distribution; Social policy; Government policy; Labour market; Peru; Labor and Human Capital; Political Economy; D33.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107397

SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES: HOW SHOULD GOVERNMENT COORDINATE FARM REGULATIONS AND POLICY?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   Larry A.
Agricultural sustainability is an evolving process ever-seeking a balance between society's economic, environmental and social demands.  Governmental policy and regulations while attempting to correct adverse externalities, have at times within themselves created adverse externalities.  Failures often lie within the policies themselves, but poor coordination among government agencies is also at fault.  This paper outlines a number of coordination issues and attempts to show how the empowerment of communities through ecosystem management is a partial solution to environmental degradation.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental regulation; Government policy; Regulation; Sustainability; Ecosystem management; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15437

Policy Analysis for Sustainable Land Management and Food Security in Ethiopia: A Bioeconomic Model with Market Imperfections Food Security in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Holden,   Stein T.; Shiferaw,   Bekele A.; Pender,   John L.
Soil fertility and the lack of fertilizer use in Africa are frequently discussed topics. The problems of land degradation and low agricultural productivity, which result in food insecurity and poverty, are particularly severe in the rural highlands of Ethiopia. In many areas, a downward spiral of land degradation and poverty appears to be occurring. Finding solutions to these problems requires identifying effective entry points for farmers, governments, and civil society organizations, and understanding the potential impacts and tradeoffs that are likely to arise from alternative interventions. This report seeks to improve that understanding, using a bioeconomic model of land management and agricultural production developed for a community that is fairly...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Economic aspects; Ethiopia; Food supply; Sustainable agriculture; Sustainable development; Government policy; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37890

AVALIAÇÃO DO PROCESSO DE IMPLANTAÇÃO DE PROJETOS DEMONSTRATIVOS PARA A RECUPERAÇÃO DE MATAS CILIARES NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chabaribery,   Denyse; Monteiro,   Ana Victoria; Silva,   Jose Roberto; Ramos,   Soraia Fatima.
O artigo faz a avaliação da fase inicial de implantação de projetos demonstrativos para recuperação com espécies nativas de áreas degradadas em mata ciliar em três microbacias no Estado de São Paulo. O arcabouço teórico considerou o projeto como um modelo de conservação da biodiversidade, entendendo que deveria ter havido um enfoque transdisciplinar das instituições parceiras. A pesquisa utilizou-se das técnicas de delphi para levantar os depoimentos dos envolvidos no acompanhamento e na execução das áreas experimentais. Em parte a transdisciplinaridade foi conseguida e houve sucesso no plantio das áreas pilotos em três microbacias estudadas. Mas, a avaliação geral foi de que as equipes locais não tiveram o apoio necessário dos componentes de educação...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Políticas públicas; Meio ambiente; Agricultura familiar; Área de preservação permanente; Avaliação de processo; Government policy; Environmental; Family farming; Permanent preservation areas; Evaluation of process; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112699

A Herculean Task? Economics, Politics, and Realigning Government in the Case of U.S. Polar-Orbiting Weather Satellites
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: MacAuley,   Molly K.
In 1994 one of the most radical institutional restructurings in the U.S. government's provision of critical weather information took place after eight unsuccessful attempts. A presidential decision directive merged weather data collection by satellites operated by the Department of Defense for military operations and satellites operated by the Department of Commerce for civilian weather forecasting. Such radical restructuring involving government agencies with different objectives, economic constraints, and operating cultures is rare. This paper reviews the decision that led to "convergence," discusses economic arguments advanced for the merger, and finds that the problem of an incomplete contract, from the perspective of contract theory, is the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Weather economics; Space economics; Value of information; Government policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; O32; Q00.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10539

WILL SOUTHERN AGRICULTURE PLAY A ROLE IN A CARBON MARKET?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zeuli,   Kimberly A.; Skees,   Jerry R.
While a carbon market offers substantial opportunities for US agriculture, regional differences in such a market are often ignored. This paper focuses on the advantages and challenges for agriculture in the South. The potential of two promising options are analyzed: conversion from cropland to forests and greater use of conversation tillage. It is argued that the right institutional arrangements can overcome three fundamental challenges to an efficient carbon market: transaction costs, risk, and perverse incentives. Some examples are given, such as the use of a farmer-owned organization and the provision of land use and carbon information by the government.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Carbon emission reduction; Tradable permits; Afforestation; Conservation tillage; Government policy; Regional economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q23; Q24; Q28; R00.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15492

Government Policy and Food Imports: The Case of Wheat in Egypt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scobie,   Grant M.
During the next few decades, tremendous demands will be placed on the foreign exchange-earning capacities of developing countries. These countries need to pay for rapidly increasing food imports and, in addition, for the capital goods they need to import to sustain economic growth. Intensives pressure will also be placed on the real incomes of low-income people, particularly if the real price of food rises in response to the rapid growth of demand. That pressure, in turn, will increase the pressure for consumer food subsidies, aided by a growing realization that food subsidies are labor subsidies in the same sense that interest rate subsidies are capital subsidies. In contrast, constraints on foreign exchange availability, saving rates, and the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Wheat trade; Government policy; Egypt; Food supplies; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42217

Rice Price Fluctuation and an Approach to Price Stabilization in Bangladesh
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Raisuddin,   Ahmed; Bernard,   Andrew.
Correction of the distorted structure of related prices and prevention of wide fluctuations in the level of commodity prices constitute twin challenges in agricultural price policies. While macroeconomic instruments are comprehensive sectoral analysis of prices relations, stock requirements, market integration, and various other factors that destabilize supply and demand. IFPRI’s initial analyses of price stabilization were limited to the issue of optimal stock of foodgrains. Thomas Pinckney’s work on stock policies in Kenya and Pakistan and Raj Krishna and Ajay Chhibber’s research on India have demonstrated how optimal stock policies can save scarce public resources so urgently required for economic development. This research by Ahmed and Andrew Bernard...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Rice; Prices; Bangladesh; Government policy; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42170

Strategies for Sustainable Land Management  and Poverty Reduction in Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nkonya,   Ephraim M.; Pender,   John L.; Jagger,   Pamela; Sserunkuuma,   Dick; Kaizzi,   Crammer; Ssali,   Henry.
Poverty reduction is one of the overarching objectives of most of Sub-Saharan Africa and other low-income countries. Accordingly, one of IFPRI’s major research themes focuses on policies and strategies for poverty reduction. This research report contributes knowledge to that theme. It also contributes to IFPRI’s ongoing investigation of policies and strategies that foster broad-based and environmentally sustainable agricultural and rural development. In Uganda, where soil erosion and depletion of soil nutrients are widespread, land degradation is a major cause of declining productivity and increasing poverty. In this study, Ephraim Nkonya and his colleagues measure the relative merits of various household income strategies and land management practices in...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Land use; Government policy; Uganda; Food supply; Poor; Nutrition; Agriculture and state; Land capability for agriculture; Data processing; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37897

Thai government policy on corn and sorghum exports
Provedor de dados: 106
Autores: Somsak Yamasmit.
Palavras-chave: Corn; Maize; Sorghum; Exports; Domestic consumption; Government policy; ข้าวโพด; ข้าวฟ่าง; การส่งออก; การใช้ภายในประเทศ; นโยบายของรัฐ.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://anchan.lib.ku.ac.th/agnet/handle/001/4126