Consulta: subjectFacets:"H4"
Registros recuperados: 28
Data/hora: 07/06/2024 08:40:12

Demand Enhancement through Food-Safety Regulation: Benefit-Cost Analysis of Collective Action in the California Pistachio Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alston,   Julian M.; Brunke,   Henrich; Gray,   Richard S.; Sumner,   Daniel A.
Food safety shocks can threaten the health of consumers, create havoc within an industry and result in severe losses to producers. Governments often attempt to enhance food safety by mandating standards and inspection of food products to supplement the voluntary efforts by private firms. This paper assesses a form of collective action that falls between typical government mandates and purely private action. The California pistachio industry recently established a U.S. federal marketing order. This order sets quality standards and requires inspection and certification, aiming to reduce the likelihood of dangerous or poor quality pistachios being sold to consumers and to provide some quality assurance to consumers. Simulation results indicate that, across...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Safety; Collective Action; Specialty Crops; Government Regulation; Marketing Orders; Pistachios; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Q18; Q13; I18; H4.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25461

Was the NOAA Panel Correct about Contingent Valuation?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carson,   Richard T.; Hanemann,   W. Michael; Kopp,   Raymond J.; Krosnick,   Jon A.; Mitchell,   Robert C.; Presser,   Stanley; Ruud,   Paul A.; Smith,   V. Kerry; Conaway,   Michael; Martin,   Kerry.
The past few years have seen a highly charged debate about whether contingent valuation (CV) surveys can provide valid economic measures of people's values for environmental resources. In an effort to appraise the validity of CV measures of economic value, a distinguished panel of social scientists, chaired by two Nobel laureates, was established by NOAA, to critically evaluate the validity of CV measures of nonuse value. The Panel provided an extensive set of guidelines for CV survey construction, administration, and analysis, and distinguished a subset of items from their guidelines for special emphasis and described them as burden of proof requirements. Of particular interest was the Panel's requirement that CV surveys demonstrate "responsiveness to the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Scope test; NOAA Panel; Environmental Economics and Policy; D6; H4.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10503

Una nota sobre la recuperacion de costes de los servicios del agua en la cuenca del Gallego
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perez y Perez,   Luis; Hurle,   Jesus Barreiro.
Up to date, water management in Spain has been focused on supply approaches, with the result of providing consumers with this resource at a low price. Developments in the institutional framework regulating water management in the European context (mainly the implementation of the Water Framework Directive) have shifted this approach in order to promote sustainable water use. To achieve this objective, tariff policy must now take into account the water services cost-recovery principle for its different uses. Within this context, this paper estimates the public capital stock related to water supply and assesses the existing level of cost-recovery related to that stock. The methodology used, compares the tax level needed for full-cost recovery with actual...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Water policy; Water framework directive; Cost recovery; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; H4; Q2; R5.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7997

Social Norms and Behavior in the Local Commons Through the Lens of Field Experiments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cardenas,   Juan-Camilo.
Behavior in the local commons is usually embedded in a context of regulations and social norms that the group of users face. Such norms and rules affect how individuals value material and non-material incentives and therefore determine their decision to cooperate or over extract the resources from the common-pool. This paper discusses the importance of social norms in shaping behavior in the commons through the lens of experiments, and in particular experiments conducted in the field with people that usually face these social dilemmas in their daily life. Through a large sample of experimental sessions with around one thousand people between villagers and students, I test some hypothesis about behavior in the commons when regulations and social norms...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Social norms; Regulations; Cooperation; Collective action; Common-pool resources; Experimental economics; Field experiments.; Public Economics; D71; Q0; Q2; C9; H3; H4.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91168

How Do Economists Really Think About the Environment?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fullerton,   Don; Stavins,   Robert N.
On a topic like the environment, communication among scholars from different disciplines in the natural and social sciences is both important and difficult, but such communication has been far from perfect. Economists themselves may have contributed to some rather fundamental misunderstandings about how economists think about the environment, perhaps through our enthusiasm for market solutions, perhaps by neglecting to make explicit all of the necessary qualifications, and perhaps simply by the use of jargon that has specific meaning only to other economists. In this brief essay, we seek to clarify some of these misunderstandings and thus to improve future interdisciplinary communication. We hope that natural scientists and other non-economists will take...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market failure; Economic analysis; Efficiency; Equity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; H4; L51.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10910

Coordinating to Eradicate Animal Disease, and the Role of Insurance Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hennessy,   David A.
Farmed animal production has traditionally been a dispersed sector. Biosecurity actions relevant to eradicating infectious diseases are generally non-contractible, and might involve inordinately high transactions costs if they were contractible. If an endemic disease is to be eradicated within a region, synchronized actions need to be taken to reduce incidence below a critical mass so that spread can be contained. Using a global game model of coordination under public and private information concerning the critical mass required, this paper characterizes the success probability in an eradication campaign. As is standard in global games, heterogeneity in private signals can support a unique equilibrium. Partly because of strategic interactions, concentrated...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biosecurity; Coordination failure; Disease insurance; Endemic disease; Global games; Market access; Public information; Veterinary public health; Livestock Production/Industries; D8; H4; Q1.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7702

Using Incentives to Buy Land-Use Change in Agriculture for Environmental Benefits
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pannell,   David J.
In general, the use of incentive payments to landholders in environmental programs is poorly thought through. This article discusses situations where environmental incentive payments are more likely to be a cost-effective response by environmental funders. It is proposed that incentives can be used in two broad ways: to encourage trialling of new practices by landholders, or to compensate landholders for losses resulting from land-use changes. It appears that environmental funders often do not pay sufficient attention to the differences between these two approaches. The first approach only makes sense if the new practices are 'adoptable', and so are expected to remain attractive to landholders beyond the trialling phase. The importance of adoptability and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental subsidies; Incentives; Externalities; Adoption of innovations; Environmental policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q24; Q28; Q57; Q58; H23; H4.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25397

Investigating Distance Effects on Environmental Values: A Choice Modelling Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Concu,   Giovanni B.
This paper describes a Choice Modelling experiment set up to investigate the relationship between distance and willingness to pay for environmental quality changes. The issue is important for the estimation and transfer of benefits. The Choice Modelling experiment allows testing distance effects on parameters of environmental attributes that imply different trade-offs between use and non-use values. The sampling procedure is designed to provide a "geographically balanced" sample. Several specifications of the distance covariate are compared and distance effects are shown to take complex shapes. Welfare analysis shows that disregarding distance produces under-estimation of individual and aggregated benefits and losses, seriously hindering the reliability of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Aggregation; Choice Modelling; Distance; Geographical Sampling; Specification Tests; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q51; H4; D6.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25566

A Unified Framework for Measuring Preferences for Schools and Neighborhoods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bayer,   Patrick; Ferreira,   Fernando; McMillan,   Robert.
This paper sets out a framework for estimating household preferences over a broad range of housing and neighborhood characteristics, some of which are determined by the way that households sort in the housing market. This framework brings together the treatment of heterogeneity and selection that has been the focus of the traditional discrete choice literature with a clear strategy for dealing with the correlation of unobserved neighborhood quality with both school quality and neighborhood sociodemographics. We estimate the model using rich data on a large metropolitan area, drawn from a restricted version of the Census. The estimates indicate that, on average, households are willing to pay an additional one percent in house prices - substantially lower...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Capitalization; Local public goods; School quality; Discrete choice models; Hedonic price regression; Education demand; Labor and Human Capital; D58; H0; H4; H7; I2; R21; R31.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28513

1996 PRICING PERFORMANCE OF MARKET ADVISORY SERVICES FOR CORN AND SOYBEANS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jackson,   Thomas E.; Irwin,   Scott H.; Good,   Darrel L.
The purpose of this research report is to present an evaluation of advisory service pricing performance in 1996 for corn and soybeans. Specifically, the average price received by a subscriber to an advisory service is calculated for corn and soybean crops harvested in 1996. The average net advisory price across all 26 corn programs is $2.63 per bushel. The range of net advisory prices for corn is quite large, with a minimum of $2.08 per bushel and a maximum of $3.12 per bushel. The average net advisory price across all 24 soybean programs is $7.27 per bushel. As with corn, the range of net advisory prices for soybeans is substantial, with a minimum of $6.80 per bushel and a maximum of $7.80 per bushel.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Market Advisory Services; G1; D8; D7; D4; G2; H4; H8; Q1; Z1; Marketing.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14787

The Role of R&amp;D and Technology Diffusion in Climate Change Mitigation: New Perspectives Using the Witch Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Carraro,   Carlo; Duval,   Romain; Sgobbi,   Alessandra; Tavoni,   Massimo.
This paper uses the WITCH model, a computable general equilibrium model with endogenous technological change, to explore the impact of various climate policies on energy technology choices and the costs of stabilising greenhouse gas concentrations. Current and future expected carbon prices appear to have powerful effects on R&amp;D spending and clean technology diffusion. Their impact on stabilisation costs depends on the nature of R&amp;D: R&amp;D targeted at incremental energy efficiency improvements has only limited effects, but R&amp;D focused on the emergence of major new low-carbon technologies could lower costs drastically if successful – especially in the non-electricity sector, where such low-carbon options are scarce today. With emissions coming...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Energy R&amp;D; Fund; Stabilisation costs; Environmental Economics and Policy; H0; H2; H3; H4; O3; Q32; Q43; Q54.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50363

Bid Design and its Influence on the Stated Willingness to Pay in a Contingent Valuation Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carmona-Torres,   Carmen; Calatrava-Requena,   Javier.
The CV method estimate the monetary value that specific changes in the provision of goods and services represent for society, which is asked for their Willingness To Pay (WTP) for it, according to their budget and individual preferences, in a survey. The applications of CV are a source of information to important public decision-making. Therefore, it seems to be a desirable objective for a CV study to strive to detect and reduce, as far as possible, the bias affecting the elicited values. In the present work, the starting point bias in an application to the case study of the conservation of the Iberian Lynx in Spain is analyzed. This bias is caused by the potential influence of the bid values offered to the interviewees on their stated preferences. Three...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Starting point bias; Bid design; Dichotomous choice; Openended question; Iberian Lynx; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; H4; Q2; Q5; Q57.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25367

An Economic Analysis of Bushfires Management Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ganewatta,   Gaminda; Grahlmann,   Linda; Handmer,   John.
Allocating scare resources for fire management strategies requires information on the extent of economic losses from bushfires and the efficiency of alternatives. Despite the severity of bushfires, there is no agreed approach in Australia for estimating economic losses from fires nor for evaluating the economic efficiency of alternative suppression strategies. The poster proposes approaches to assess the economic effects of bushfires on local and state economies and sets out models to evaluate the economic efficiency of two key bushfire management strategies: presuppression and suppression. The first model arises from questions concerning the value of pre-suppression (before the fire) fuel reduction activities, and the estimation of an economically optimal...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; A11; H4; Q51; Q54.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25278

Loving Cultural Heritage. Private Individual Giving and Prosocial Behavior
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bertacchini,   Enrico; Santagata,   Walter; Signorello,   Giovanni.
The aim of this paper is to analyse patterns of private individual giving to Cultural Heritage institutions in Italy. Based on the emerging economic literature on pro-social behavior, we carried out a Contingent Valuation survey to assess individuals’ willingness to donate to museums and heritage organizations according to different conditions and set of incentives. Our findings reveal that intrinsic motivations and accountability of the recipient institutions may be more effective drivers for eliciting charitable giving than the usually proposed fiscal incentives. The results provide avenues for future empirical research and policy suggestions for fund raising cultural institutions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Charitable Giving; Cultural Heritage; Contingent Valuation; Pro-social Behavior; Financial Economics; D11; D12; H4; Z1.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59415

The Effectiveness of Juvenile Correctional Facilities: Public Versus Private Management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bayer,   Patrick; Pozen,   David E.
This paper uses data on juvenile offenders released from correctional facilities in Florida to explore the effects of facility management type (private for-profit, private nonprofit, public state-operated, and public county-operated) on recidivism outcomes and costs. The data provide detailed information on individual characteristics, criminal and correctional histories, judge-assigned restrictiveness levels, and home zipcodes allowing us to control for the non-random assignment of individuals to facilities far better than any previous study. Relative to all other management types, for-profit management leads to a statistically significant increase in recidivism, but, relative to nonprofit and state-operated facilities, for-profit facilities operate at a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Juvenile Crime; Juvenile correctional facilities; Recidivism; Prison privatization; Provision of public goods; Nonprofit; For-profit; Public; Labor and Human Capital; H0; H1; H4; K0; K4.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28484

Police-powers, regulatory takings and the efficient compensation of domestic and foreign investors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aisbett,   Emma; Karp,   Larry S.; McAusland,   Carol.
In customary international and public law, “takings” resulting from regulations designed to protect the public good are generally excluded from compensation rules; this exclusion is known as a police powers carve-out (PPCO). Increasingly, this PPCO is being challenged, particularly in international investment law. This paper analyzes the efficiency properties of a PPCO in a model with endogenous regulation, investment and entry. We design a one-parameter family of carve-out/compensation schemes that induce efficient regulation and firm level investment even when the regulator suffers fiscal illusion and the social benefit from regulation is private information to the regulator. We show that offering a carve-out reduces the subsidy to risky industry...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Regulatory takings; Expropriation; Environment; Foreign direct investment; NAFTA; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; F21; H4; K3; Q58.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42842

The Role of Participation in CVM Survey Design: Evidence from a Tap Water Improvement Program in Northern Thailand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ahlheim,   Michael; Fror,   Oliver; Sinphurmsukskul,   Nopasom.
In the environmental economics literature results from contingent valuation mail surveys (MS) are usually considered less reliable than results from face-to-face surveys (FtF). This is mostly due to low response rates and self-selection effects of the respondents. However, MS are much less costly than FtF surveys so that there exists a strong need to make MS more reliable in order to save costs for environmental policy makers. This paper proposes a participatory procedure of survey design in order to improve MS questionnaires. In an empirical study of water quality improvement it is demonstrated that this procedure yields results identical to those of a FtF survey. In contrast to focus groups commonly applied in contingent valuation, we are able to show...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Water quality improvement; Participatory techniques; Mail surveys; Elicitation question formats; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D6; H4; L3; Q25; Q51.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25692

Mock Referenda for Intergenerational Decision-making
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kopp,   Raymond J.; Portney,   Paul R.
Traditional applications of benefit-cost analysis make use of what we refer to as the "damage function and discounting" (or DFD) approach. This approach is well-suited to the analysis of projects for which the principal benefits and costs occur within the next thirty to forty years, say. However, for projects with significant intergenerational consequences--i.e., impacts that do not arise for hundreds of years or more--the DFD approach becomes almost intractable. We propose an alternative conception of benefit-cost analysis for intergenerational decision-making--the mock referendum--that is: (i) arguably more consistent with the tenets of modern welfare economics; (ii) more amenable to the analysis of long-term projects or policies; and (iii) consistent...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Discounting; Non-market valuation; Intergenerational equity; Contingent valuation; Labor and Human Capital; D6; H4.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10745

Cooperation, Spatial-Dynamic Externalities, and Invasive Species Management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Epanchin-Niell,   Rebecca S.; Wilen,   James E.
Most terrestrial biological invasions occur in landscapes comprising numerous, independently managed properties. Thus, control of invasion spread generally depends on the choices of many managers, each deciding the extent to control invasions on their property. Here we develop a spatially-explicit, integrated model of invasion spread and human behavior to examine how people’s control choices under laissez-faire affect patterns of invasion spread and the total costs and damages imposed by an invader. We evaluate how characteristics of the bioeconomic and social system, including the extent of cooperation among managers, affect the divergence between socially optimal and private control efforts. We find that system-wide invasion externalities generally...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biological invasions; Cross-boundary; Coordination; Spatial-dynamic processes; Spatial spread; Eradication; Containment; Negotiation; Optimal control; Cooperative management; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q; Q1; Q2; Q5; H4.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61371

International Environmental Agreements: Emissions trade, safety valves and escape clauses
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Zhao,   Jinhua.
We explain how the structure of multi-national or multi-regional environmental agreements affect their chance of success. Trade in emissions permits has ambiguous and in some cases surprising effects on both the equilibrium level of abatement, and on the ability to persuade nations or regions to participate in environmental agreements. An escape clause policy and a safety valve policy have essentially the same properties when membership in environmental agreement is pre-determined, but they create markedly different effects on the incentives to join such an agreement. The two policies lead to a qualitative difference in the leverage that a potential member of the agreement exercises on other members.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Kyoto Protocol; Escape clause; Emissions trade; Cost uncertainty; Participation game; International Environmental Agreement; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; C72; H4; Q54.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51611

1995 PRICING PERFORMANCE OF MARKET ADVISORY SERVICES FOR CORN AND SOYBEANS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jackson,   Thomas E.; Irwin,   Scott H.; Good,   Darrel L.
The purpose of this research report is to present an evaluation of advisory service pricing performance in 1995 for corn and soybeans. Specifically, the average price received by a subscriber to an advisory service is calculated for corn and soybean crops harvested in 1995. The average net advisory price across all 25 corn programs is $3.04 per bushel. The range of net advisory prices for corn is quite large, with a minimum of $2.34 per bushel and a maximum of $3.81 per bushel.  The average net advisory price across all 25 soybean programs is $6.61 per bushel.  As with corn, the range of net advisory prices for soybeans is substantial, with a minimum of $5.75 per bushel and a maximum of $7.92 per bushel.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Market Advisory Service (AgMAS) Project; D4; D7; D8; G1; G2; H4; H8; Q1; Z1; Marketing.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14790

Food Security and Efficacy of the Intervention Mechanism in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Prahadeeswaran,   M.; Ramasamy,   C.; Selvaraj,   K.N.
Rice and wheat are the two major foodgrains in India and their level of production determines the country self-sufficient. Forecasts on cereals supply range from 250 to over 300 million tones in the country by the year 2020. Mere availability of foodgrains is not a sufficient condition to ensure food security but also necessary that the poor have sufficient means to purchase food. Poor economic access leads to food security and it has been checked by the government mechanism through the operation of Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) and foodgrains are distributed at subsidized prices to the people living Below Poverty Line (BPL). It is a safety net to more than 330 million poor and those nutritionally at risk and an important delivery channel with...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Security; Targeted Public Distribution System; Fair Price Shops; Minimum Support Price; Monte Carlo Technique; Food Security and Poverty; J21; H4; H5; O2; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25465

International environmental agreements with mixed strategies and investment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hong,   Fuhsai; Karp,   Larry S.
We modify a canonical participation game used to study International Environmental Agreements (IEA), considering both mixed and pure strategies at the participation stage, and including a prior cost-reducing investment stage. The use of mixed strategies at the participation stage reverses a familiar result and also reverses the policy implication of that result: with mixed strategies, equilibrium participation and welfare is higher in equilibria that involve higher investment.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: International Environmental Agreement; Climate agreement; Participation game; Investment; Mixed strategy; Environmental Economics and Policy; C72; H4; Q54.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123719

Allocation of Orbit and Spectrum Resources for Regional Communications: What's at Stake?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: MacAuley,   Molly K.
Contentious debate surrounds allocation of the geostationary orbit and electromagnetic spectrum, two resources used by communications satellites. An extensive economics literature alleges that the nonmarket administrative allocative procedures now in place are highly inefficient, but no research has empirically estimated the welfare loss. This paper develops a conceptual framework and a computerized model to estimate the economic value of the resources, the size and distribution of welfare costs associated with the present regulatory regime, and the potential gains from more market-like allocation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Outer space; Communications satellites; Pricing natural resources; Community/Rural/Urban Development; H4; Q2.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10746

What Should We Expect from Innovation? A Model-Based Assessment of the Environmental and Mitigation Cost Implications of Climate-Related R&amp;D
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Carraro,   Carlo; Duval,   Romain; Tavoni,   Massimo.
This paper addresses two basic issues related to technological innovation and climate stabilisation objectives: i) Can innovation policies be effective in stabilising greenhouse gas concentrations? ii) To what extent can innovation policies complement carbon pricing (taxes or permit trading) and improve the economic efficiency of a mitigation policy package? To answer these questions, we use an integrated assessment model with multiple externalities and an endogenous representation of technical progress in the energy sector. We evaluate a range of innovation policies, both as a stand-alone instrument and in combination with other mitigation policies. Even under fairly optimistic assumptions about the funding available for, and the returns to R&amp;D, our...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Environmental Policy; Energy R&amp;D Fund; Stabilisation Costs; Environmental Economics and Policy; H0; H2; H3; H4; O3; Q32; Q43; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60745

NORMS, SELF-SANCTIONING, AND CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE PUBLIC GOOD
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Interis,   Matthew G.; Haab,   Timothy C.
The relationship between norms, self-sanctioning, and people’s decisions about contributing to public goods is complex and often misunderstood in the public goods literature.  We develop a model in which individuals hold an injunctive norm indicating how much they believe one should contribute to the public good.  From the model we derive the following testable hypotheses: an increase in one’s perception of the norm level of contribution to the public good (1) induces negative self-sanctioning and (2) will lead one to contribute more to the public good, and (3) that contributing to the public good induces positive self-sanctioning.  To test these hypotheses, we elicit stated preferences for contributions to an organization which offsets carbon emissions...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Public goods; Norms; Sanctioning; Image; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; H4; Q5; D0.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55964

Collective Action for Watershed Management: Field Experiments in Colombia and Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cardenas,   Juan-Camilo; Rodriguez,   Luz Angela; Johnson,   Nancy L.
The dilemma of collective action around water use and management involves solving both the problems of provision and appropriation. Cooperation in the provision can be affected by the rival nature of the appropriation and the asymmetries in the access. We report two field experiments conducted in Colombia and Kenya. The Irrigation Game was used to explore the provision and appropriation decisions under asymmetric or sequential appropriation, complemented with a Voluntary Contribution Mechanism experiment which looks at provision decisions under symmetric appropriation. The overall results were consistent with the patterns of previous studies: the zero contribution hypotheses is rejected whereas the most effective institution to increase cooperation was...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Collective Action; Watersheds; Field Experiments; Colombia; Kenya; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Q0; Q2; C9; H3; H4.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91169

Rural Gaps in Participation in Early Childhood Education
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Temple,   Judy A.
While state government spending on early education has grown in recent years, accessibility of preschool programs for rural children remains a problem. Using census-tract data from a nationally-representative data set on U.S. children, multinomial logit estimation reveals significant differences in early education experiences between rural and nonrural children. Both rural children and children of less-educated mothers are less likely to participate in preschool. This paper concludes by discussing the appropriate role of local, state, or federal governments in funding rural preschool programs. While early educational investments are being touted as effective economic development tools, the nature of the positive externalities associated with preschool...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Early education; Human capital; Preschool; Rural education; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital; Political Economy; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; I2; R0; H4.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53085