Consulta: subjectFacets:"Infant formula"
Registros recuperados: 6
Data/hora: 10/06/2024 13:36:34

WIC AND THE RETAIL PRICE OF INFANT FORMULA
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Oliveira,   Victor; Prell,   Mark A.; Smallwood,   David M.; Frazao,   Elizabeth.
Rebates from infant formula manufacturers to State agencies that administer the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) support over one-quarter of all WIC participants. However, concerns have been raised that WIC and its infant formula rebate program may significantly affect the infant formula prices faced by non-WIC consumers. This report presents findings from the most comprehensive national study of infant formula prices at the retail level. For a given set of wholesale prices, WIC and its infant formula rebate program resulted in modest increases in the supermarket price of infant formula, especially in States with a high percentage of WIC formula-fed infants. However, lower priced infant formulas are available to...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: WIC program; Infant formula; Cost-containment; Rebates; Food package costs; Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women; Infants; And Children; Child nutrition; Food assistance; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33873

Recent Trends and Economic Issues in the WIC Infant Formula Rebate Program
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Oliveira,   Victor; Davis,   David E.
Over half of all infant formula sold in the United States is purchased through the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Typically, WIC State agencies obtain substantial discounts in the form of rebates from infant formula manufacturers for each can of formula purchased through the program. The cost to WIC for each can of formula provided through the program has two components: (1) net wholesale price, which is equal to the wholesale price of formula minus the amount of the rebate; and (2)retail markup, which is equal to the retail price minus the wholesale price. This analysis suggests that retail markup accounts for most of the cost to WIC of infant formula in most States. However, both cost components have...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: WIC; Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women; Infants; And Children; Infant formula; Rebates; Net wholesale price; Retail markup; Wholesale price; Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Program; FANRP; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7228

The Infant Formula Market:  Consequences of a Change in the WIC Contract Brand
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Oliveira,   Victor; Frazao,   Elizabeth; Smallwood,   David M.
The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is the major purchaser of infant formula in the United States. To reduce cost to the WIC program, each State awards a sole-source contract to a formula manufacturer to provide its product to WIC participants in the State. As part of the contract, the WIC State agency receives rebates from the manufacturers. In this study, we use 2004-09 Nielsen scanner-based retail sales data from over 7,000 stores in 30 States to examine the effect of winning a WIC sole-source contract on infant formula manufacturers’ market share in supermarkets. We find that the manufacturer holding the WIC contract brand accounted for the vast majority—84 percent—of all formula sold by the top three...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: WIC; Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women; Infants; And Children; Infant formula; Rebate; Sole-source contracts; Contract brand; Spillover effect; ERS; USDA; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Marketing.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118020

AN ECONOMIC MODEL OF WIC, THE INFANT FORMULA REBATE PROGRAM, AND THE RETAIL PRICE OF INFANT FORMULA
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Prell,   Mark A.
This report develops an economic model that provides the theoretical framework for the econometric analyses presented in the report's companion volume, WIC and the Retail Price of Infant Formula (FANRR-39). The model examines supermarket retail prices for infant formula in a local market area, and identifies the theoretical effects of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and its infant formula rebate program. Special attention is given to the rebate program's sole-source procurement system by which a single manufacturer becomes a State's "contract brand"-the State's one supplier of formula to WIC infants-in exchange for paying rebates to WIC. When a manufacturer's brand is designated a State's contract brand,...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: WIC program; Infant formula; Cost containment; Rebates; Food package costs; Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women; Infants; Children; Child nutrition; Food assistance; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33879

Rising Infant Formula Costs to the WIC Program:  Recent Trends in Rebates and Wholesale Prices
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Oliveira,   Victor; Frazao,   Elizabeth; Smallwood,   David M.
The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides participating infants with free infant formula. This study estimated that between 57 and 68 percent of all infant formula sold in the United States was purchased through WIC, based on 2004-06 data, and that formula costs to the WIC program have increased. Typically, WIC State agencies receive substantial rebates from manufacturers for each can of formula provided through the program. Each WIC State agency, or group of agencies, awards a contract to the manufacturer offering the lowest net wholesale price, defined as the difference between the manufacturer’s wholesale price and the State agency’s rebate. After adjusting for inflation, net wholesale prices increased by...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Infant formula; Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women; Infants and Children; WIC; Infant formula maximum daily allowance; Economic Research Service (ERS); U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA); Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59384

Cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of industrialized powdered milk for infants and young children
Provedor de dados: Acta Scientiarum: Biological Sciences
Autores: Silva, Geysa Janne Sousa; Santos, Fabelina Karollyne Silva dos; Marques, Márcia Maria Mendes; Peron, Ana Paula.
This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity and determine the LC50 concentration of powdered infant formulas widely marketed in South American countries. To this, milk samples, called as A, B, C and D, were analyzed in root meristem cells of Allium cepa, at concentrations of 0.075; 0.15 and 0.30 g mL-1, for 24 and 48 hours; and through cell viability in culture of normal line cells, via MTT test, for 24 hours, in the concentrations 0.018; 0.0375; 0.075 and 0.15 g mL-1. In A. cepa, all dairy products in the three concentrations caused significant inhibition of cell division in the meristems within the first 24 hours of exposure. In the in vitro evaluation, all milk formulas at 0.15 g mL-1, as well as milk A at a concentration of 0.037 g...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Infant formula; Cell division; Meristematic tissue; Cell viability; LC50.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciBiolSci/article/view/46856