Consulta: subjectFacets:"J6"
Registros recuperados: 9
Data/hora: 28/05/2024 17:00:15

Employment and Growth Effects of Tax Reforms
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Michaelis,   Jochen; Birk,   Angela.
This paper explores how revenue-neutral tax reforms impact employment and economic growth in a model of endogenous growth and search frictions on the labor market. We analyze how savings and the incentive to create new jobs are affected by tax swaps between wage income taxes, payroll taxes, capital income taxes and taxes levied on capital costs. In our framework, the payroll tax is found to be neutral. If this tax is used to finance a cut in the capital income tax, we will observe an increase in both growth and, via the capitalization effect, employment. Most other tax reforms, however, imply a trade-off between employment and growth.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Search unemployment; Growth; Tax reform; Public Economics; E6; H2; J6; O4.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26275

INTERTEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF EMPLOYMENT DECISIONS ON AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS IN SLOVENIA
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Juvancic,   Luka; Erjavec,   Emil.
The paper attempts to quantify determinants influencing dynamics of employment decisions on agricultural households in Slovenia and to test specific aspects of labour  reallocation during transition period by application of agricultural household model. Through the use of 1991-2000 panel data for 22,055 farm households, quantitative analysis of intertemporal employment decisions of farm holders is carried out by the use of probit techniques. Determinants tested refer to personal characteristics of reference persons (gender, age, education level, opportunity off-farm income), household characteristics (size, structure),characteristics of the agricultural holding (economic size, labour input,labour intensity) and local labour market conditions. The model...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Employment decisions; Mobility of labour supply; Off-farm employment; Probit model; Labor and Human Capital; J2; J6.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25840

Insider Power, Outsider Ineffectiveness and Product Market Competition: Evidence from Australia
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Dobbie,   Michael.
Insider-outsider theories have been advanced to explain a range of phenomena, principally the persistence of unemployment. This paper uses data from the Australian Workplace Industrial Relations Survey 1995, and regional labour force survey data, to test this model. The paper also examines how the extent of product market competition faced by a firm influences the ability of insiders to ignore outsiders in wage setting. The paper finds provisional support for the insider-outsider distinction, and for the idea that insider power is enhanced when product market competition is weak.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Insiders; Outsiders; Product market competition; Demand and Price Analysis; J3; J4; J6.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50280

Microeconomic Flexibility in Latin America
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Caballero,   Ricardo J.; Engel,   Eduardo M.R.A.; Micco,   Alejandro.
We characterize the degree of microeconomic inflexibility in several Latin American economies and find that Brazil, Chile and Colombia are more flexible than Mexico and Venezuela. The difference in flexibility among these economies is mainly explained by the behavior of large establishments, which adjust more promptly in the more flexible economies, especially when accumulated shocks are substantial. We also study the path of flexibility in Chile and show that it declined in the aftermath of the Asian crisis. This decline can account for a substantial fraction of the large decline in TFP-growth in Chile since 1997 (from 3.1 percent per year for the preceding decade, to about 0.3 percent after that). Moreover, if it were to persist, it could permanently...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Microeconomic rigidities; Creative-destruction; Job flows; Restructuring and reallocation; Productivity growth; Financial Economics; E2; J2; J6.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28527

Place of Work and Place of Residence: Informal Hiring Networks and Labor Market Outcomes
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Bayer,   Patrick; Ross,   Stephen L.; Topa,   Giorgio.
We use a novel dataset and research design to empirically detect the effect of social interactions among neighbors on labor market outcomes. Specifically, using Census data that characterize residential and employment locations down to the city block, we examine whether individuals residing in the same block are more likely to work together than those in nearby blocks. We find evidence of significant social interactions operating at the block level: residing on the same versus nearby blocks increases the probability of working together by over 33 percent. The results also indicate that this referral effect is stronger when individuals are similar in sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., both have children of similar ages) and when at least one individual...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Neighborhood effects; Job referrals; Social interactions; Social networks; Labor supply; Labor and Human Capital; J0; J2; J3; J6; R0.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28433

Increasing Returns and Spatial Unemployment Disparities
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Suedekum,   Jens.
Regional unemployment rates in the European Union (EU-15) reveal a core-periphery structure. Large "core" regions in the middle of the continent have low unemployment rates, whereas excessive mass unemployment is predominantly found in the peripheral regions at the outside borders of EU-15. This geographical pattern of unemployment rates follows the pattern of GDP per capita. That is, the regions with low (high) unemployment rates on average have comparatively high (low) real income levels. In this paper we try to understand this stylised fact with the help of a theoretical model that builds on two strings in the literature: the recent trade and location theories (like the ´new economic geography´) and the ´wage curve´. Standard models of the new location...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Regional Unemployment; Economic Geography; Increasing Returns; Wage Curve; Migration; Labor Mobility; Labor and Human Capital; R1; F4; J6.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26358

Immigrant Workers and Technological Change in U.S. Agriculture: A Profit Maximization Approach of Induced Innovation
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Napasintuwong,   Orachos; Emerson,   Robert D.
This paper analyzes changes in U.S. agricultural technology during 1960-1999, emphasizing the role of immigrant workers on farm mechanization. The rates and directions of biased technological change based on the induced innovation theory are compared before and after the passage of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 which was intended to reduce employment of unauthorized workers. Unlike previous studies of induced innovation, this paper develops a new theoretical and empirical model of induced innovation using a profit maximization approach. The contribution of the profit maximization approach is that it allows changes in output combinations as a result of technological change. We found that the technology was biased against hired and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Immigrant workers; Farm mechanization; Technological change; Induced innovation; Profit function model; Labor and Human Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; J43; J6; O3; Q55.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25505

Three Strikes and You're Out: Reply to Cooper and Willis
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Caballero,   Ricardo J.; Engel,   Eduardo M.R.A.
Cooper and Willis (2003) is the latest in a sequence of criticisms of our methodology for estimating aggregate nonlinearities when microeconomic adjustment is lumpy. Their case is based on “reproducing” our main findings using artificial data generated by a model where microeconomic agents face quadratic adjustment costs. That is, they supposedly find our results where they should not be found. The three claims on which they base their case are incorrect. Their mistakes range from misinterpreting their own simulation results to failing to understand the context in which our procedures should be applied. They also claim that our approach assumes that employment decisions depend on the gap between the target and current level of unemployment. This is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Adjustment hazard; Aggregate nonlinearities; Lumpy adjustment; Observed and unobserved gaps; Quadratic adjustment; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; E2; J2; J6.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28498

Employment and Growth Effects of Tax Reforms in a Growth-Matching Model
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Birk,   Angela; Michaelis,   Jochen.
This paper explores how revenue-neutral tax reforms impact employment and economic growth in models of exogenous and endogenous growth and search frictions on the labor market. We show that (i) a cut in the payroll tax financed by an increase in the wage tax lowers both equilibrium employment and the equilibrium growth rate, that (ii) a higher energy tax combined with a cut in wage taxes boosts employment but has an ambiguous effect on growth, and that (iii) a higher energy tax combined with a cut in payroll taxes enhances employment but mitigates economic growth.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Search unemployment; Growth; Tax reform; Labor and Human Capital; Public Economics; E6; H2; J6; O4.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26324