Consulta: subjectFacets:"O32"
Registros recuperados: 49
Data/hora: 09/06/2024 06:25:31

Measuring Agricultural Innovation System Properties and Performance: Illustrations from Ethiopia and Vietnam
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Spielman,   David J.; Kelemework,   Dawit.
Agriculture; developing countries; innovation; Ethiopia; Vietnam
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Developing countries; Innovation; Ethiopia; Vietnam; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O13; O32; Q16.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50791

THE IMPACT OF REGULATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW PRODUCTS IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Menrad,   Klaus; Blind,   Knut.
Paper prepared for presentation at the 8th ICABR International Conference on Agricultural Biotechnology: International Trade and Domestic Production Ravello (Italy), July 8 to 11th, 2004
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food industry; Regulation; Innovation; Biotechnology; Organic food; Functional Food; European Union; United States; Industrial Organization; L5; L66; O32.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91013

Management of innovative activity under economic and financial changes
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Nazarova,   Rano.
In modern conditions, one of the main tasks of innovative activity’s efficiency is to develop a new concept of innovative processes' management. The author discusses challenges and tasks of different parties of innovation management process – inventor and owner, consumer of innovation and producer, government as well.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Innovation management; Innovative activity; Innovative cycle; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O31; O32.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94529

Crisis as a catalyst: the role of Schumpeterian innovation in the Lithuanian economy
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Giedraitis,   Vincentas Rolandas; Rasteniene,   Ausra.
What circumstances allow businesses to flourish in a stagnant world economy? We ask that question in our discussion of the uniquely favorable circumstances of the biotechnology sector in Lithuania. The purpose of this paper is to analyze Lithuania’s ability to expand its economy during a time of crisis, focusing on its unique ability to innovate in such sectors as biotechnology.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Schumpeter; Innovation; Kondratiev wave; Biotechnology; Business cluster theory; Financial Economics; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O31; O32.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94527

Estimating Future Consumer Welfare Gains from Innovation: The Case of Digital Data Storage
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Austin,   David H.; MacAuley,   Molly K.
We develop a quality-adjusted cost index to estimate expected returns to investments in new technologies. The index addresses the problem of measuring social benefits from innovations in service sector inputs, where real output is not directly observable. We forecast welfare gains from two U.S. Advanced Technology Program innovations equaling 25%-50% of expected price, and aggregate consumer benefits of $1-$2 billion, relative to trends in existing technologies. Our model's probabilistic parameters reflect uncertainty about prospective outcomes and in our hedonic estimates of shadow values for selected product attributes. The index can be readily adopted by research and development (R&amp;D) managers in industry and government.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Quality-adjusted cost index; Consumer surplus; Innovation; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O32; H43; D60.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10814

The Genetic and Economic Impact of the University of Arkansas’s Rice Breeding Program: 1983–2007
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Nalley,   Lawton Lanier; Moldenhauer,   Karen A.; Lyman,   Nathaniel.
This study estimates the proportion of rice yield increase in University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture’s (UofA) released rice cultivars that are attributable to genetic improvements through the University’s breeding program. Test plot data from eight UofA experiment stations were used to quantify the yield increases and potential yield growth decreases over time. In addition to quantifying the yield and yield variance evolution at the UofA, this study also calculates the economic benefits of the UofA rice breeding program. Results indicated that by releasing modern rice cultivars, the UofA rice breeding program increased average producer yield by 0.68 bu/ac annually. During the last decade, 1997–2007, the average annual economic benefits were 34.3...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Economic impact of technological change; Just and Pope; Public rice breeding; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O13; O32; Q16.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100653

Leadership Cycles
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Denicolo,   Vincenzo; Zanchettin,   Piercarlo.
We study a quality-ladder model of endogenous growth that produces stochastic leadership cycles. Over a cycle, industry leaders can innovate several successive times in the same industry, gradually increasing the magnitude of their technological lead before being replaced by a new entrant. Initially, new leaders are eager to enlarge their lead and do much of the research, but if they innovate repeatedly, their propensity to invest in R&amp;D decreases. Eventually they stop doing research altogether, and as they are overtaken a new cycle starts. The model generates a skewed firm size distribution and a deviation from Gibrat’s law that accord with the empirical evidence. We also consider various policy measures, showing that in some cases policy should...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Technological Lead; Innovation; R&amp;D; Financial Economics; O32; O4.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60683

A Quality-Adjusted Cost Index for Estimating Future Consumer Surplus from Innovation
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Austin,   David H.; MacAuley,   Molly K.
This paper describes a model for estimating, in a probabilistic framework, expected future consumer surplus from planned new product innovations. The model has been applied to estimations of taxpayer benefits from NASA's New Millenium Program (NMP), which develops new technologies for space science, and to the digital data storage technologies being supported by the Department of Commerce's Advanced Technology Program (ATP). The model uses cost index methods based on consumers' estimated marginal valuation for quality improvements in the technology. Probabilistic values for performance increases are taken from the innovators' own expectations. The analysis reveals the sensitivity of welfare increases to these values, which are assumed to be biased upward....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Quality-adjusted cost index; Consumer surplus; Innovation; Environmental Economics and Policy; O32; H43; D60.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10655

The Value of Information: A Background Paper on Measuring the Contribution of Space-Derived Earth Science Data to National Resource Management
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: MacAuley,   Molly K.
This study, prepared at the request of the Office of Earth Science at the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), describes a general framework for conceptualizing the value of information and illustrates how the framework might be used to value information from earth science data collected from space. The framework serves two purposes. One purpose is provision of a common basis by which to conduct and evaluate studies of the value of earth science information that serves a variety of uses, from improving environmental quality to protecting public health and safety. The second purpose is to better inform decision-makers about the value of data and information. Decision-makers comprise three communities: consumers and producers of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Value of information; Earth science; Natural resource economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O32; O38; Q28.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10839

The Efficiency–-Equity Tradeoffs in Agricultural Research Priority Setting: The Potential Impacts of Agricultural Research on Economic Surplus and Poverty Reduction in Nigeria
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Alene,   Arega D.; Manyong,   Victor M.; Tollens,   Eric; Abele,   Steffen.
Public agricultural research has come under increasing pressure to redefine its strategic priorities to contribute to poverty alleviation goals. However, the issue of whether the poor benefit more from agricultural research that pursues efficiency or equity objectives remains unresolved, largely due to lack of empirical evidence on the nature and magnitude of the efficiency–equity tradeoffs. This paper estimates the potential impacts of agricultural research on economic surplus and poverty reduction in Nigeria, identifies strategic priorities according to both efficiency and equity criteria, and examines the nature and magnitude of the efficiency–equity tradeoffs. The results show that there are no significant efficiency–equity tradeoffs because the rural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty reduction; Economic surplus; Research priority setting; Nigeria; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; I32; I38; O13; O32; Q16.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25260

Biotechnology's Potential Contribution to Global Wood Supply and Forest Conservation
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sedjo,   Roger A.
Over the past 30 years, industrial plantation forests have become a major supplier of industrial wood. There are several reasons for this, including the improved economics of planted forests due to biotechnological innovations, the increases in natural forest wood costs due to increasing inaccessibility, and rising wood costs from natural forests due to new environmental restrictions related to logging. Forestry today is on the threshold of the widespread introduction of biotechnology into its operational practices. In many cases, the biotechnology likely to be introduced is simply an extension of that being utilized in agriculture, such as herbicide-tolerant genes. However, biotechnology in forestry also is developing applications unique to forestry,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Breeding; Forestry; Tree plantations; Timber; Fiber; Genes; GMOs; Industrial wood; Economics; Benefits; Costs; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q21; Q23; Q16; O32; L73.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10708

Evaluation of innovation activities of small and medium-sized businesses in Slovak Republic
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sopkova,   Eva; Kostiviarova,   Silvia.
The aim of the presented paper is to contribute to the discussion on innovation activities of small and medium-sized businesses of the Slovak Republic and the European Union. It is based on the results of research carried out by the National Agency for the Development of Small and Medium Enterprises (NADSME), where the focus was on the innovation capacity of small and medium firms in Slovakia. And it was complemented by the results of an analysis of firms’ innovation activities in the Banská Bystrica region carried out within the project “Regional Innovation Strategy of the Banska Bystrica Region”.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Innovation activities; Small and medium-sized businesses.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O31; O32.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94565

An Economic Assessment of Space Solar Power as a Source of Electricity for Space-Based Activities
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: MacAuley,   Molly K.; Davis,   James F.
We develop a conceptual model of the economic value of space solar power (SSP) as a source of power to in-space activities, such as spacecraft and space stations. We offer several estimates of the value based on interviews and published data, discuss technological innovations that may compete with or be complementary to SSP, and consider alternative institutional arrangements for government and the private sector to provide SSP.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Government policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; O33; O32; L98.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10794

Environmentally-Oriented Innovative Strategies and Firm Performances in Services. Micro-Evidence from Italy
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Cainelli,   Giulio; Mazzanti,   Massimiliano; Zoboli,   Roberto.
This paper aims at analysing the role of the environment in innovative strategies based on firm economic performance indicators such as employment, turnover, and labour productivity growth. We exploit a unique dataset of 773 Italian service firms with 20 or more employees comprising 1993-1995 CIS II data on firm innovation strategic motivations and 1995-1998 data on employment, turnover, and labour productivity from the System of the Enterprise Account (SEA). We specify a Gibrat-like empirical model in which the covariates include firm strategies (innovation and environmental), and a set of other explanatory variables and controls. Our econometric findings show a negative link between environmental motivations and growth in employment and turnover and a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Services; Firm Environmental Strategies; Firm Growth; CIS Survey; Innovation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; C23; D21; O32; Q55.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6922

BUSINESS FUNCTIONS APPROACH TO INNOVATIVE AND NON-INNOVATIVE BUSINESS COMPARISON IN LATVIA
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Hilkevics, Sergejs; Stefenberga, Dace.
State system of innovative business support was created in Latvia during last years and the first conclusions about the efficiency of this system can be made at present time. To evaluate the efficiency of innovative business support system it is necessary to compare in some way innovative and non-innovative companies. The main task of this article is to provide the frame for innovative and non-innovative business comparison and describe on the base of this frame the main differences between innovative and non-innovative companies in Latvia at present time. The main result of investigation is the conclusion that at present time innovative business has certain advantages for development in Latvia, especially in regions, because the main weak point of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Innovative business; Business functions; Regional economic development; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O31; O32; R58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92339

The Entrepreneur's Choice of Location: Evidence from the Life Sciences
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Kolympiris,   Christos; Klein,   Peter G.; Kalaitzandonakes,   Nicholas G.
Why do biotech firms cluster? New and established firms in biotech clusters are said to capitalize on knowledge spillovers, labor-market pooling, and other externalities. Some have even argued that such spillovers are so strong that the cluster itself, rather than the individual, is the “locus of entrepreneurship.” Such arguments, however, do not resolve the mechanism by which clusters might contribute to the establishment of new firms. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for analyzing the locational choices of entrepreneurial firms in the life-sciences industry. Building on both the cluster literature and the literature on entrepreneurship, we develop hypotheses about how cluster characteristics, the entrepreneur’s personal characteristics, and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Entrepreneurship; Biotechnology; Clusters; Knowledge spillovers; Agglomeration economies; Industrial Organization; L26; L65; O18; O32.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9761

UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY RELATIONSHIPS AND THE DESIGN OF BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Yang,   Hui; Buccola,   Steven T.
The central objective of the present paper is to examine how university bioscientists select their research agendas, with special attention to biotechnology firms' influence on those agendas.  Among other issues, we will assess UIRs' potential effects on the private appropriability of the characteristics of bioengineered crop and animal varieties, and on the basicness and breadth of a scientist's research.  Factors that potentially would affect scientists' research agenda include the university's size, reputation, resources, culture, and total government funding; the scientist's academic position and communication network; and the market power, cultures, and specialties of the biotech firms with which the university has research relationships.  An...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O31; O32; O33.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21985

The Forest Sector: Important Innovations
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sedjo,   Roger A.
Unlike other resources such as petroleum, coal, and copper, forests are renewable. Yet, in many respects forests historically have been treated as a nonrenewable resource in that forest stocks were depleted or "mined" and loggers moved on to exploit other "deposits." The lands were often put to other uses, typically agricultural, or allowed to regenerate naturally. This paper looks at technical change in forest extraction, i.e., logging under a number of different conditions. It finds that, on average, labor productivity has been increasing in recent decades. However, total factor productivity in the US has declined in recent years. In addition, the study examines the tree-growing potential of plantation forestry. It finds that there is underway a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Productivity; Resources; Forests; Timber; Technology; Innovations; Plantations; Logging; Genetics; Extraction; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O31; O32; O50; O51; Q23.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10667

How Large Are the Welfare Gains from Technological Innovation Induced by Environmental Policies?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Parry,   Ian W.H.; Pizer,   William A.; Fischer,   Carolyn.
This paper examines whether the welfare gains from technological innovation that reduces future abatement costs are larger or smaller than the “Pigouvian” welfare gains from optimal pollution control. The relative welfare gains from innovation depend on three key factors ¾ the initially optimal level of abatement, the speed at which innovation reduces future abatement costs, and the discount rate. We calculate the welfare gains from innovation under a variety of different scenarios. Mostly they are less than the Pigouvian welfare gains. To be greater, innovation must reduce abatement costs substantially and quickly and the initially optimal abatement level must be fairly modest.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Welfare; Regulation; Endogenous; Technological; Change; R&amp;D; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q16; Q28; O32; O33.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10448

Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry: Economic Perspectives
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Economists are rarely brought into the interdisciplinary research until the biophysical scientists have developed their models, made their measurements or completed their research task. The research economist is then brought in to do what amounts to a consulting task – provide some numbers that indicate impacts on the economy and employment. In this paper, I begin by illustrating cases from forestry where this leads to erroneous and costly policy outcomes. However, the main objective of this paper is to examine the role of genetic engineering in forestry and agriculture. In forestry, planting of genetically-modified (GM) tree species is nearly non-existent, with the exception of hybrid poplar that is used to produce pulp or fuel. However, as explored here,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Precautionary principle; Economics of genetically-modified organisms; Agriculture and forestry; Mountain pine beetle; Agricultural and Food Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; O32; Q11; Q18; Q23.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107480

INNOVATION IN THE FOOD AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES: ACOMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Boehlje,   Michael; Broring,   Stefanie; Roucan-Kane,   Maud.
Innovation is critical to the long-term success of a firm as well as the economic health of an industry and the overall economy. This manuscript presents an overview of the management literature regarding technology and innovation management. It also describes the unique characteristics of the food and agricultural sector and offers a research agenda to extend the management literature to the agribusiness sector.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Agribusiness; Portfolio of options; Risk; Agribusiness; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; L24; D81; O31; O32.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56389

THE DETERMINANTS OF INNOVATION IN THE ITALIAN FOOD INDUSTRY: THE ROLE OF R&amp;D NETWORKING
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: D'Alessio,   Massimiliano; Maietta,   Ornella Wanda.
Objective of the paper is to verify which are the determinants of innovations in the Italian food industry and which role R&amp;D networking, through the cooperative nature of firm, plays among these determinants. The data used are the 9th (2001-2003) wave of Capitalia surveys based on a representative sample of manufacturing firms with information on firm characteristics, employee education levels, innovation and R&amp;D investments. The approach is a bivariate probit analysis where the two dependent variables are the presence of firm R&amp;D and of innovations and the independent variables are firm characteristics. The results of the analysis show that, among the determinants of firm R&amp;D intra moenia and of firm innovations in the Italian food...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Innovations; R&amp;D networking; Firm property rights.; Consumer/Household Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O31; O32; D21.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44856

Transgenic Trees: Implementation and Outcomes of the Plant Protection Act
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sedjo,   Roger A.
The responsibility for protecting U.S. agriculture from pests and diseases is assigned by the Federal Plant Pest Act (FPPA) to the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the Department of Agriculture. The Plant Protection Act (Title 7 U.S.C. Sections 7701 et seq.) gives Aphis statutory authority over genetically modified organisms (GMO), in effect assigning to APHIS a related responsibility of determining whether a genetically altered plant, crop, or tree is likely to pose unacceptable risks to the environment. Although APHIS has considerable experience with crop plants, it has only limited experience with trees. Yet the possible benefits of applying genetic engineering to trees are substantial and include industrial wood production and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forestry; Biotechnology; Transgenic; Tree plantations; Timber supply; Genes; GMOs; Industrial wood; Economics; Regulations; Costs; Benefits; Conservation; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q21; Q23; Q16; O32; L73.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10629

Biotechnology and Planted Forests: Assessment of Potential and Possibilities
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sedjo,   Roger A.
This paper addresses the potential impact of the introduction and development of biotechnology on planted forests. It includes a description of some recent innovations in forestry including the use of traditional breeding, and also more recent innovations involving biotechnology, including the development of clonal propagation and the use of modern molecular biology techniques. In addition to describing these innovations, the paper undertakes an assessment of their probable impact on future production of the forest industry, on the global timber supply, and on future markets for timber and wood products. The paper offers a description of recent innovations in tree breeding and biotechnology, including a discussion of innovations in agriculture that have...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Plantation forests; Genetic modification; Genetic research; Economic benefits; Transgenic; GMO; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q21; Q23; Q16; O32; L73.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10862

CO-EXISTENCE COSTS UNDER GERMAN REGULATION - CASE STUDIES OF BT MAIZE
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Reitmeier,   Daniela; Menrad,   Klaus.
Paper prepared for presentation at the 10th ICABR International Conference on Agricultural Biotechnology: Facts, Analysis and Policies Ravello (Italy), June 29th to July 2nd, 2006
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Co-existence measure; GMO; Bt maize; GIS; Germany; Agricultural and Food Policy; L51; O32.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91329

Stimulation of innovations: case of the Latvian IT cluster
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Zeibote,   Zane.
This paper is based on assumption that innovation and competitiveness can be facilitated by clusters. The cluster approach has certain advantages which could be explored by firms looking for increased growth, competitiveness and innovation. The analysis of the Latvian Information Technology cluster shows that it has developed a platform for increasing competitiveness and innovation capacity for IT firms, and it helps to draw conclusions for further improvement of cluster and individual company performance.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Competitiveness; Clusters; Cluster initiative; Information technology; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; M15; O32.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94526

An analysis of the challenges of the maize seed industry in eastern and southern Africa
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Langyintuo,   Augustine S.; Mwangi,   Wilfred; Diallo,   Alpha O.; MacRobert,   John F.; Dixon,   John; Banziger,   Marianne.
The liberalization and restructuring of the seed sector in eastern and southern Africa (ESA) during the past two decades have witnessed a proliferation of private seed companies in the maize seed industry (Hassan et al., 2001; Lemonius, 2005). Although the total number of registered maize seed companies increased from 8 and 11, respectively, in 1997 to 40 each, the quantities of seed marketed barely doubled, increasing from 23,000 and 27,000 tons to 53,000 and 51,000 tons, respectively; an indication that the reforms are insufficient in ensuring efficient functioning of the sector in the two regions. A study involving 117 seed providers, representing 92 percent of all registered maize seed companies in ESA in 2007 identified bottlenecks that have...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Keywords: Maize seed industry; Seed policies; Eastern and southern Africa; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Marketing; D21; M31; O32.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51713

Investments and Financial Flows Induced by Climate Mitigation Policies
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Bastianin,   Andrea; Favero,   Alice; Massetti,   Emanuele.
In this paper we use the hybrid integrated model WITCH to quantify and analyze the investments and financial flows stimulated by a climate policy to stabilize Greenhouse Gases concentrations at 550ppm CO2-eq at the end of the century. We focus on investments to decarbonize the power sector and on investments in knowledge creation. We examine the financial flows associated with the carbon market and the implications for the international trade of oil. Criticalities in investment requirements will emerge when coal power plants with carbon capture and sequestration and nuclear power plants are deployed around 2020-2040, both in high and low income regions. Investments in energy related R&amp;D increase sharply and might cause stress in the short term....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Mitigation; Carbon Finance; Emission Trading; Energy Investments; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q43; Q54; O32; O11.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59418

Regional Food Clusters and Government Support for Clustering: Evidence for a ‘Dynamic Food Innovation Cluster’ in Alberta, Canada?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Steiner,   Bodo E.; Ali,   Jolene.
This paper analyzes government support for networking and regional cluster growth in the food sector. It is, to the best of our knowledge, the first paper to provide a literature review of studies on regional food clusters, focusing on key features that characterize successful regional food clusters. The review compares key characteristics of such clusters with characteristics of clusters from other industrial sectors. The insights from these studies on clustering success and the role of government are contrasted with empirical evidence on government support for clustering in the Canadian food sector, specifically in the province of Alberta. The empirical evidence is based on two small industry surveys, one conducted in March 2005, and the second in August...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Location-based clustering; Food clusters; Networks; Innovation; Government support; Alberta; Canada; Industrial Organization; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; R11; L32; L38; O32; O38; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99705

Globalization of innovation activity by transnational corporations: and its importance in the present economic crisis
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Zorska,   Anna.
The research aims to investigate the process of globalizing innovation activity conducted by transnational corporations (TNCs), in a wider context of economic changes outside and inside companies. The process has been triggered by decentralization and internationalization of R&amp;D, “creative transition” of foreign subsidiaries as well as implementing research networks and  the open innovation model of TNCs’ innovation activity. Under the present economic crisis some slowdown and reorientation of innovation programs are implemented in order to reduce their costs and increase effectiveness. The globalization of corporate innovation activity can contribute to reaching some of  TNCs’ goals both under the present crisis and the future revival of the world...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Globalization; Innovations; Economic crisis; TNC.; International Development; D21; F23; L22; O32.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94610

How Large Are the Welfare Gains from Technological Innovation Induced by Environmental Policies?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Parry,   Ian W.H.; Pizer,   William A.; Fischer,   Carolyn.
This paper examines whether the welfare gains from technological innovation that reduces future abatement costs are larger or smaller than the "Pigouvian" welfare gains from optimal pollution control. The relative welfare gains from innovation depend on three key factors - the initially optimal level of abatement, the speed at which innovation reduces future abatement costs, and the discount rate. We calculate the welfare gains from innovation under a variety of different scenarios. Mostly they are less than the Pigouvian welfare gains. To be greater, innovation must reduce abatement costs substantially and quickly and the initially optimal abatement level must be fairly modest.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Welfare; Regulation; Endogenous; Technological; Change; R&amp;D; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q16; Q28; O32; O33.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10621

The Economics of Generating and Maintaining Plant Variety Rights in China
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Koo,   Bonwoo; Pardey,   Philip G.; Qian,   Keming; Zhang,   Yi.
Notwithstanding the ambiguous research and productivity promoting effects of plant variety protections (PVPs), even in developed countries, many developing countries have adopted PVPs in the past few years to comply with their Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) obligations. Seeking and maintaining PVPs reserves options to an expected revenue stream from the future sale of protected varieties, the value of which varies for a host of reasons. In this paper we empirically examine the pattern of plant variety protection applications in China since its PVP laws were first introduced in 1997. We place those PVP rights in the context of China’s present and likely future seed markets to identify the economic incentives and institutional...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Intellectual property rights; Crop improvement; Option value; Seed markets; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q16; Q18; O32; O34.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57908

TRANSLATING LATENT TRENDS IN FOOD CONSUMER BEHAVIOR INTO NEW PRODUCTS
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Gellynck,   Xavier; Kuhne,   Bianka; Van Wezemael,   Lynn; Verbeke,   Wim.
For successful product development it is important to explore the latent changes in consumer behavior prior to the product development process. The identification of a latent trend before the manifestation moment can be achieved by trend analysis. Trend analysis delivers insights that explore the future in order to identify prospective consumers and new product ideas, but also includes a feeling for the currents in market and technology. Hence, the aim is to identify emerging weak signals in consumer behavior that have potential as large revenue opportunities when implemented into new products. Therefore, the objective of our paper is to provide a novel tool for this identification and how the identified trends can be translated into new products. Until...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: New Product development; Trend analysis; Novel trend implementation tool; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; M31; O31; O32.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116422

ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF CO-EXISTENCE MEASURES IN MAIZE CROP AND SEED PRODUCTION - A CASE STUDY OF FRANCE
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Reitmeier,   Daniela; Menrad,   Klaus; Gomez-Barbero,   Manuel; Angevin,   F.; Messean,   A.; Rodriguez-Cerezo,   Emilio.
Paper prepared for presentation at the Second International Conference on Coexistence between Genetically Modified (GM) and non-GM based Agricultural Supply Chains (GMCC) Montpellier (France), 14th and 15th November 2005
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Genetic engineering; GMO; Maize; Co-existence; Agricultural and Food Policy; L51; O32.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91124

Technological Leadership and Sectoral Employment Growth: A Spatial Econometric Analysis for U.S. Counties
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Pede,   Valerien O.; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.; de Groot,   Henri L.F.
This paper investigates the determinants of technological catch-up and examines at a refined level of spatial and sectoral aggregation to what extent geographical and/or technological proximity to the technology leader impact regional employment growth. Technological progress is endogenously determined and depends on specialization, competition and diversity. We also allow technological progress to depend on agglomeration economies in proximate regions, and model technological progress by means of a hierarchical process of catch-up to the technology leader. Results indicate that human capital plays a crucial role in promoting sectoral employment growth. The effect of technological distance varies, depending on which sector is considered. Technological...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Regional employment growth; Technology leadership; Space; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; R11; R12; C21; O32; O47.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102827

Innovation and Institutional Ownership
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Aghion,   Philippe; Van Reenen,   John; Zingales,   Luigi.
We find that institutional ownership in publicly traded companies is associated with more innovation (measured by cite-weighted patents). To explore the mechanism through which this link arises, we build a model that nests the lazy-manager hypothesis with career-concerns, where institutional owners increase managerial incentives to innovate by reducing the career risk of risky projects. The data supports the career concerns model. First, whereas the lazy manager hypothesis predicts a substitution effect between institutional ownership and product market competition (and managerial entrenchment generally), the career-concern model allows for complementarity. Empirically, we reject substitution effects. Second, CEOs are less likely to be fired in the face of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Career Concerns; Innovation; Institutional Ownership; Productivity and R&amp;D; Financial Economics; G20; G32; O31; O32; O33.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93414

SCIENTIFIC-TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS OF UZBEKISTAN: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Azimov, Abror.
The article considers aspects concerning effective coordination of scientific-technological development in Uzbekistan. In the conditions of new economy, insufficient development and use of innovations in the domestic economy will contain the rate of economic growth for any country. Government policies should enhance cooperation among R&amp;D structures and businesses to induce competitive innovations into the national economy.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Socio-economical; Intellectual potential; Highly-skilled personnel; Ideas and innovations; Knowledge; R&amp;D.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O31; O32; UDC: 62.001.33.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92393

THE REGULATORY REGIME AND ITS IMPACT ON INNOVATION ACTIVITIES IN AGRO-FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE EU AND USA
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Menrad,   Klaus.
Paper prepared for presentation at the Conference: “Seeds of Change: Intellectual Property Protection for Agricultural Biotechnology” University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (USA), April 8 to 10th, 2004
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agro-food Biotechnology; Innovation; European Union; United States; Regulations; Industrial Organization; L5; L66; O32.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91014

The Evolving Landscape of IP Rights for Plant Varieties in the United States, 1930-2008
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Pardey,   Philip G.; Koo,   Bonwoo; Drew,   Jennifer; Nottenburg,   Carol.
The United States was the first country in the world to explicitly offer intellectual property protection for plant varieties.  Beginning in 1930, asexually reproduced plants were afforded plant patent protection, in 1970 sexually propagated plants could be awarded plant variety protection certificates, and beginning in 1985, courts confirmed that varieties of all types of plants were eligible for utility patents.  From 1930 to 2008, a total of 34,340 varietal rights applications were lodged.  The number of rights being sought continues to grow, with 42 percent of all the varietal rights claimed since 2000.  Contrary to popular perception, most of these rights are for horticultural crops (69 percent), with ornamentals accounting for the lion’s share of the...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Plant patents; Plant variety protection; Utility patents; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q16; Q18; O32; O34.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119346

Effects of Bt Cotton in India During the First Five Years of Adoption
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sadashivappa,   Prakash; Qaim,   Matin.
While previous research has analyzed the impacts of Bt cotton in India, most available studies are based on one or two years of data only. We analyze the technology’s performance over the first five years of adoption, using panel data with three rounds of observations. On average, Bt adopting farmers realize pesticide reductions of about 40%, and yield advantages of 30-40%. Profit gains are in a magnitude of US $60 per acre. These benefits have been sustainable over time. Farmers’ satisfaction is reflected in a high willingness to pay for Bt seeds. Nonetheless, in 2006 Indian state governments decided to establish price caps at levels much lower than what companies had charged before. This intervention has further increased farmers’ profits, but the impact...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Bt cotton; Genetically modified crops; Farm survey; India; Seed markets; Technology adoption; Willingness to pay (WTP); Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O32; O33; Q16; Q55; Q58.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49947

Creating an innovative environment in total quality management system within companies
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Mitreva,   Elizabeta; Prodanovska,   Vesna.
The decision for development of the quality providing system could go in line with the company’s expansion and with the concept of the total quality management (TQM). The most diligent-untouchable assets within the companies are referring to the relation with the customers/consumers, employee’s skills and their knowledge and building an organizational culture tending towards innovations, problem solving and  total working promotion. The paper discusses attitude of companies in Macedonia to promoting employees’ motivations to knowledge sharing and innovations.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Qualities; Innovations; Organizational culture; Buyers; Quality providing systems; Total quality management.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; M10; M12; O32.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94588

COSTS OF CO-EXISTENCE AND TRACEABILITY SYSTEMS IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY IN GERMANY AND DENMARK
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Menrad,   Klaus; Gabriel,   Andreas; Gylling,   Morten.
Paper prepared for presentation at the Fourth International Conference on Coexistence between Genetically Modified (GM) and non-GM based Agricultural Supply Chains (GMCC) Melbourne (Australia), 10th to 12th November 2009
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Genetic engineering; GMO; Food industry; Co-existence; Agricultural and Food Policy; L51; O32.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91301

Technical efficiency and technology gaps in beef cattle production systems in Kenya: A stochastic metafrontier analysis
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Otieno,   David Jakinda; Hubbard,   Lionel J.; Ruto,   Eric.
In this study the stochastic metafrontier method is used to investigate technical efficiency and technology gaps across three main beef cattle production systems in Kenya. Results show that there is significant inefficiency in nomadic and agro-pastoral systems. Further, in contrast with ranches, these two systems were found to have lower technology gap ratios. The average pooled technical efficiency was estimated to be 0.69, which suggests that there is considerable scope to improve beef production in Kenya
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technical efficiency; Technology gap; Beef cattle; Production systems; Stochastic metafrontier; Kenya.; Livestock Production/Industries; D24; O32; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108947

A Herculean Task? Economics, Politics, and Realigning Government in the Case of U.S. Polar-Orbiting Weather Satellites
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: MacAuley,   Molly K.
In 1994 one of the most radical institutional restructurings in the U.S. government's provision of critical weather information took place after eight unsuccessful attempts. A presidential decision directive merged weather data collection by satellites operated by the Department of Defense for military operations and satellites operated by the Department of Commerce for civilian weather forecasting. Such radical restructuring involving government agencies with different objectives, economic constraints, and operating cultures is rare. This paper reviews the decision that led to "convergence," discusses economic arguments advanced for the merger, and finds that the problem of an incomplete contract, from the perspective of contract theory, is the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Weather economics; Space economics; Value of information; Government policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; O32; Q00.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10539

Agricultural Technology Adoption and Rural Poverty: Application of an Endogenous Switching Regression for Selected East African Countries
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Asfaw,   Solomon; Shiferaw,   Bekele A.
Achieving agricultural growth and development and thereby improving rural household welfare will require increased efforts to provide yield enhancing and natural resources conserving technologies. Agricultural research and technological improvements are therefore crucial to increase agricultural productivity and thereby reduce poverty. However evaluation of the impact of these technologies on rural household welfare have been very limited by lack of appropriate methods and most of previous research has therefore failed to move beyond estimating economic surplus and return to research investment. This paper evaluates the potential impact of adoption of modern agricultural technologies on rural household welfare measured by crop income and consumption...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural household welfare; Technology adoption; Propensity score matching; Endogenous switching; Ethiopia; Tanzania; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C13; C15; O32; O38.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97049

EFFECTS OF FIRM-SPECIFIC FACTORS ON R&amp;D EXPENDITURES OF AGRIBUSINESS COMPANIES
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Roucan-Kane,   Maud; Ubilava,   David; Xu,   Pei.
The objective of this paper is to determine how the firm's infrastructure, the financial characteristics of a company (net income, sales), and the organizational structure (number of acquisitions, age of establishment of the firm) affect R&amp;D investments in the agricultural sector. We use data for companies under the SIC codes for agricultural chemicals, and crop planning and protection. The results based on analysis of 69 observations of 12 firms revealed that firm's financial and organizational infrastructure does affect its R&amp;D expenditures. Older and larger firms tend to spend more on R&amp;D. During the last 17 years the R&amp;D expenditures with respect to the sales of the company have been reduced. Finally, contrary to the expectations,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: R&amp;D; Agriculture; Chemicals; Crop planning; Crop protection; Agribusiness; Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; A10; O32; Q16.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7332

The Relationship Between Environmental Efficiency and Manufacturing Firm’s Growth
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Cainelli,   Giulio; Mazzanti,   Massimiliano; Zoboli,   Roberto.
This paper investigates the empirical link between emission intensity and economic growth, using a very large data set of 61,219 Italian manufacturing firms over the period 2000-2004. As a measure of lagged environmental performance (efficiency) at firm level we exploit NAMEA sector for CO2, NOx, SOx data over 1990-1999. The paper tests the extent to which (past) environmental efficiency/intensity, which is driven by structural features and firm strategic actions, including responses to policies, influences firms growth. Our results show, first, a typical trade off generally appearing for the three core environmental emissions we analyse: lower environmentally efficiency in the recent past allows higher degrees of freedom to firms and relax the constraints...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Firm growth; Manufacturing; Emission intensity; Economic performance; Environmental performance; Environmental Economics and Policy; C23; D21; O32; Q55.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46656

Technology and Human Development
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ranis,   Gustav.
Human development, in combination with technology, yields economic growth which, in turn, is necessary to generate further advances in human development.  This paper focuses on the first channel above and finds the relationship significant.  Secondly, the paper tries to investigate what affects technology change, as represented by TFP.  We examine the influence of openness, FDI, patents and R&amp;D in a 22 country sample and also contrast Asian and Latin American experience.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Technology; Human Development; International Development; F00; F16; J24; O10; O15; O30; O31; O32.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118649

NONPARAMETRIC ANALYSIS OF  ATTITUDES TOWARD RISKY CROPS: A PLANT MOLECULAR FARMING CASE STUDY
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Veeman,   Michele M.; Volinskiy,   Dmitriy; Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.
Research on plant molecular farming (PMF) is supported by public and private sectors in Canada. This may lead to benefits of new or cheaper medicines, industrial products and foods, but also be the source of appreciable risks to food safety from contamination by PMF materials, as well as potential environmental risks and costs. This study uses data from a 2005 nation-wide Canadian survey to gain insights into citizens’ perceptions of PMF benefits and risks. A series of nonparametric tests are conducted on ordinal survey data on risk and benefit assessments of respondents.  PMF is not seen as a major threat to food safety or the environment, but as a moderate indirect risk. The use of PMF to produce better and cheaper medical drugs appears to have the best...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Plant molecular farming; Plant genetic engineering; Nonparametric statistics; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; C14; D12; O32.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51652