Consulta: subjectFacets:"O47"
Registros recuperados: 44
Data/hora: 08/06/2024 19:01:35

Scarcity and Growth in the New Millennium: Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Simpson,   R. David; Toman,   Michael; Ayres,   Robert U.
In their 1963 classic Scarcity and Growth Howard Barnett and Chandler Morse argued that resource scarcity did not threaten economic growth. A second investigation in the late 1970s, Scarcity and Growth Reconsidered, reached largely the same conclusion. The 25 years since that work was published have witnessed many developments. The message of Scarcity and Growth that depletion of market resources was not a problem has given way to a concern that "new scarcities" of environmental quality, global climate, and biological diversity are emerging. Resources for the Future recently assembled a distinguished group of international scholars to again address scarcity and growth. This paper describes their charge and summarizes their findings. Technological progress...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: History of economic thought; Technological change; Renewable resources and economy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; B12; B20; N50; O13; O14; O33; O47; Q20; Q32.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10835

Capital Use Intensity and Productivity Biases
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Andersen,   Matthew A.; Alston,   Julian M.; Pardey,   Philip G.
This is a substantially revised version of “Capital Use Intensity and Productivity Biases.” Andersen, Matt A.; Alston, Julian M.; Pardey, Philip G., St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota, Department of Applied Economics; University of Minnesota, International Science and Technology Practice and Policy (InSTePP), 2007. (Staff paper P07-06; InSTePP paper 07-02)
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: U.S. agriculture; Pro-cyclical productivity; Capital utilization; Primal productivity bias; Productivity Analysis; D24; C51; Q1; O4; O47.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93143

Chinese Manufacturing Performance in Comparative Perspective, 1980-2002
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Szirmai,   Adam; Ren,   Ruoen; Bai,   Manyin.
This paper uses the detailed information in the 1995 Census of Industrial Production as a benchmark for analysing the coverage, concepts and consistency of published statistical series. On the basis of the analysis, the paper proposes a series of adjustments which result in more consistent long-run series of labour productivity for 21 manufacturing sectors from 1980-2002. For purposes of international comparisons with the USA, the paper subsequently presents industry of origin unit value ratios for the benchmark year 1995. These are used to convert Chinese value added into US dollars. In 2002, value added for the statistically well-covered sectors of Chinese manufacturing was 43 per cent of US value added, against 12 per cent in 1980. The comparative...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: China; Manufacturing; Productivity growth; Catch up; Unit value ratios; International comparisons; Industrial Organization; O14; O40; O47.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28525

Monitoring Poverty without Consumption Data: an Application Using the Albania Panel Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Azzarri,   Carlo; Carletto,   Calogero; Davis,   Benjamin; Zezza,   Alberto.
In developing countries poverty is generally measured with expenditure data. Such data are difficult and costly to obtain and it is generally recommended to collect them every 3-5 years. In between surveys, however, there is a clear need to provide policymakers with information for the monitoring of poverty trends. The paper reviews several such methods and compares the poverty estimates and trends resulting from their application to a panel dataset for Albania. The results are broadly consistent across methods and point to an overall improvement in welfare conditions over time, although the magnitude of the changes differs by locale, with urban areas showing a larger improvement than their rural counterparts.  However, given the sensitivity of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Welfare; Asset index; Poverty measurement; Poverty monitoring.; Food Security and Poverty; O12; O18; O47; R11.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23809

Productivity Growth and Convergence in Crop, Ruminant and Non-Ruminant Production: Measurement and Forecasts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ludena,   Carlos E.; Hertel,   Thomas W.; Preckel,   Paul V.; Foster,   Kenneth A.; Nin Pratt,   Alejandro.
There is considerable interest in projections of future productivity growth in agriculture. Whether one is interested in the outlook for global commodity markets, future patterns of international trade, or the interactions between land use, deforestation and ecological diversity, the rate of productivity growth in agriculture is an essential input. Yet solid projections for this variable have proven elusive – particularly on a global basis. This is due, in no small part, to the difficulty in measuring historical productivity growth. The purpose of this paper is to report the latest time series evidence on total factor productivity growth for crops, ruminants and non-ruminant livestock, on a global basis. We then follow with tests for convergence amongst...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Malmquist index; Productivity; Convergence; Projections; Crops; Livestock; Productivity Analysis; D24; O13; O47; Q10.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25392

Total Factor Productivity Growth and the Environment: A Case for Green Growth Accounting
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Xepapadeas,   Anastasios; Tzouvelekas,   Vangelis; Vouvaki,   Dimitra.
We examine whether the use of the environment, proxied by CO2 emissions, as a factor of production contributes, in addition to conventional factors of production to output growth, and thus it should be accounted for in total factor productivity growth (TFPG) measurement and deducted from the .residual. A theoretical framework of growth accounting methodology with environment as a factor of production which is unpaid in the absence of environmental policy is developed. Using data from a panel of 23 OECD countries, we show that emissions. growth have a statistically significant contribution to the growth of output, that emission augmenting technical change is present along with labor augmenting technical change, and that part of output growth which is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Solow Residual; Total Factor Productivity Growth; Growth; Environment; Green Growth Accounting; Environmental Economics and Policy; O47; Q2.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9319

The empirics of the Solow Growth Model: Long-term evidence.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barossi-Filho,   Milton; Goncalves Silva,   Ricardo; Diniz,   Eliezer Martins.
In this paper we reassess the standard Solow growth model, using a dynamic panel data approach. A new methodology is chosen to deal with this problem. First, unit root tests for individual country time series were run. Second, panel data unit root and cointegration tests were performed. Finally, the panel cointegration dynamics is estimated by (DOLS) method. The resulting evidence supports roughly one-third capital share in income, a.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Economic growth; Panel data; Unit root; Cointegration and convergence; O47; O50; O57; C33; And C52.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37227

Russia's Frangible Tendency to Rise: What Can Be Observed at Macro- and Meta-Level?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Voigt,   Peter.
This paper is an extraction of some results achieved in a comprehensive study of Russia's transition in its regional as well as sectoral dimension. Thereby, the transition process between 1993 - 2000 has been approximated by aggregated developments of productivity, technical change, and technical efficiency which all have been calculated by a Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). The obtained results have been analyzed with respect to any institutional circumstances in a second analytical step. Based on that, in a third step, some political call for actions have been specified as well as addressed according to regional/federal responsibility. The study has shown a notable heterogeneity within the considered regional as well as sectoral transition paths....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Russia; Transition; Productivity; Efficiency; Regional development; Political Economy; O47.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24591

SOURCES OF GROWTH AND SUPPLY RESPONSE: A CROSS-COMMODITY ANALYSIS OF CHINA'S GRAIN SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colby,   Hunter; Diao,   Xinshen; Somwaru,   Agapi.
A growth accounting method is used to analyze the sources of growth in China's rice, wheat, corn and soybeans, the four most important crops in China's grain sector, during 1978-97.  A large TFP contribution to growth in grain production is found in the period immediately following China's rural economic reform (1978-85).  In recent years the growth rate of TFP falls sharply, contributing less than 20 percent of growth in grain production, as increased use of inputs became the major engine of growth.  If the current government policy environment remains unchanged, China's grain production will become increasingly costly and constrain future growth and competitiveness in world grain markets.  The supply response of the four grains is estimated using a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Supply response; Economic growth; Productivity; China; Crop Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis; Q11; O4; O47.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12985

Analisis Malmquist y DEA intertermporal de las agriculturas de la Union Europea
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aldaz,   Natalia; Millan,   Joaquin A.
En este trabajo se realiza un análisis comparado de dos métodos no paramétricos de medida de productividad total de los factores con datos de panel basados en programación: índices de Malmquist y un modelo DEA intertemporal que permite acotar las medidas de eficiencia y progreso técnico, suponiendo cambio técnico no regresivo. La aplicación se realiza sobre las agriculturas de los países de la Unión Europea, encontrándose algunas diferencias importantes entre ambos enfoques. Los resultados sugieren menor crecimiento de productividad agraria y, sobre todo, una ordenación  distinta de países en relación con dichos crecimientos que los encontrados en otros trabajos.  Palabras clave: Productividad, DEA, Agricultura, Europa, Datos de panel.  SUMMARY This paper...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Productivity; DEA; Agriculture; Europe; Panel data; Agricultural and Food Policy; D24; O47; Q10.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28796

Tourism and Development: A Recent Phenomenon Built on Old (Institutional) Roots?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brau,   Rinaldo; Di Liberto,   Adriana; Pigliaru,   Francesco.
Is tourism an opportunity for lagging countries in the elusive quest for growth (Easterly, 2002)? Recent empirical evidence suggests that the answer is a cautious yes. Aggregate cross-country data show that tourism specialization is likely to be associated with higher per capita GDP growth rates than those observed in industrialized countries. However, this evidence ignores the importance of institutional quality and results are likely to be biased by omitted variable problems. In this paper we frame our starting question within the general debate about the importance of good/bad institutions as fundamental determinants of economic growth (Acemoglu et al., 2001) and ask whether previous positive results of tourism on growth are in fact driven by the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic Development; Tourism Specialization; Institutions; Community/Rural/Urban Development; O11; O50; O47; F43; L83.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59425

A Bayesian Total Factor Productivity Analysis of Tropical Agricultural Systems in Central-Western Africa And South-East Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tonini,   Axel; Matus,   Silvia Saravia; Gomez y Paloma,   Sergio.
This paper computes and analyses total factor productivity (TFP) growth rates for tropical agricultural systems in Central-Western Africa and South-East Asia. Two regions that despite sharing common agro-ecological conditions, have pursued different adoption rates of green revolution technology and have reported dissimilar yields per hectare. A panel data set is constructed for the period 1987-2007 from the FAOSTAT database. A Bayesian stochastic frontier model with country specific temporal variation in technical efficiency is estimated. Technical efficiency estimates reveal that there is substantial room for improvement in both continental sub-sets and that TFP estimates show on average larger rates of growth for South-East Asian countries as compared to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bayesian Inference; Stochastic Production Frontier; Time Varying Technical Inefficiency; Total Factor Productivity Growth; Tropical Agricultural Systems; Farm Management; Productivity Analysis; C15; D24; O47.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116088

Development Accounting with Intermediate Goods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grobovsek,   Jan.
Do intermediate goods help explain relative and aggregate productivity differences across countries? Three observations suggest they do: (i) intermediates are relatively expensive in poor countries; (ii) goods industries demand intermediates more intensively than service industries; (iii) goods industries are more prominent intermediate suppliers in poor countries. I build a standard multisector growth model accommodating these features to show that inefficient intermediate production strongly depresses aggregate productivity and increases the price ratio of final goods to services. Applying the model to data for middle and high income countries, I find that poorer countries are only modestly less efficient at producing goods than services, but...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Development Accounting; Productivity; Intermediate Goods; Production Economics; O10; O41; O47.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119112

The Resource Curse: A State and Provincial Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olayele,   Bankole Fred.
A puzzling piece of empirical evidence suggests that countries rich in natural resources tend to have dismal economic performance. This paradigm has come to be known as the “resource curse”. This paper deals with the role of institutional quality in explaining the transmission mechanism of the resource curse. I attempt to explain this phenomenon by using the index of economic freedom developed by the Fraser Institute as a proxy for the quality of institutions. The outcomes of the linear and non-linear interactions between resource abundance and institutional quality turn out to be the key elements that determine the intensity, if existent, or otherwise of the resource curse. Rather than look at cross country data like many others, I focus on the 10...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Natural resource curse; Petroleum resources; Unbalanced panels; GMM estimation; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O12; Q32; Q34; O43; O47.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57805

RUSSIA'S AGRICULTURE: EIGHT YEARS IN TRANSITION - CONVERGENCE OR DIVERGENCE OF REGIONAL EFFICIENCY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Uvarovsky,   Vladimir; Voigt,   Peter.
In this paper, we consider how Russian Agriculture has developed since the constitution of the Russian Federation. The analysis is based on Oblast level data of 75 territorial units during the period from 1993 to 1998 and is focusing on technical efficiency (TE), technological change, and (both aggregated as overall index) on Total Factor Productivity (TFP). Given that the initial natural conditions were approximately constant the consistence of political programs, market reforms and restructuring were essential determinants of regional developments of TE and TFP above or below the common trend. If this assumption is widely true an investigation of responsible circumstances for these divergences seems to be an important task in the actual regional-economic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Technical efficiency; Rural areas; Divergence; Russian Federation; Agriculture; International Development; Productivity Analysis; O13; O47.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14891

Modeling International Trends in Energy Efficiency and Carbon Emissions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stern,   David I.
This study uses a stochastic production frontier to model energy efficiency trends, in 85 countries over a 37 year period. No structure is imposed on technological change over time, although differences in technology level across the countries are modelled as a stochastic function of explanatory variables. These variables are selected by a literature survey and a theoretical model of energy-efficient technology choice.   An improvement in a country’s energy efficiency is measured as a reduction in energy intensity, while holding constant that economy’s mix of inputs and outputs. All other things remaining constant, the country using the least energy per unit output is on the global best-practice frontier. The model is used to derive decompositions of...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Energy; Efficiency; Carbon; Emissions; Technological change; Between estimator; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; O33; O47; Q43; Q54; Q55; Q56.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94950

Aggregate and Farm-level Productivity Growth in Tobacco: Before and After the Quota Buyout
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kirwan,   Barrett E.; White,   T. Kirk; Uchida,   Shinsuke.
We examine the distortionary effects of agricultural policy on farm productivity by examining the response of U.S. tobacco farmers' productivity to the quota buyout of 2004. We isolate the impact of distortionary policy, i.e., the tobacco quota, by decomposing aggregate productivity growth into the contribution of farm-level productivity growth and the contribution of reallocation of resources among tobacco growers. Reallocation of resources includes entry into and exit from tobacco farming, as well as growth or decline of the resources allocated to existing tobacco farms. We find that aggregate productivity of Kentucky tobacco farms grew 37% between 2002 and 2007.  Reallocation of resources among continuing tobacco farms contributed 22 percentage points...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tobacco; Quotas; Aggregate Productivity Growth; Re-allocation; Crop Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis; E32; L6; O47.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56353

The End of an Era? The Medium- and Long-Term Effects of the Global Crisis on Growth in Low-Income Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berg,   Andrew; Papageorgiou,   Chris; Pattillo,   Catherine; Spatafora,   Nikola.
This paper investigates the medium- and long-term growth effects of the global financial crises on Low-Income Countries (LICs). Using several methodological approaches, including impulse response function analysis, growth spells techniques and panel regressions, we show that external demand (ED) shocks are not historically associated with sharp declines in output growth. Given existing evidence that LICs were primarily impacted by such a shock in the global financial crisis, our analysis provides some optimism on the chances that LICs will avoid a protracted period of slow growth. However, we also show that there seem to be persistent output losses associated with ED shocks in the medium-run. In terms of policy implications, our analysis provides evidence...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Global financial crisis; External shocks; Low-income countries; Medium- and long-term growth; Impulse response functions; Growth spells; Panel growth regressions; Agribusiness; O11; O19; O23; O47.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115524

Investigating the Sources of Agricultural Growth in Africa: Factor Accumulation, Total Factor Productivity, and Technology Absorption
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nkamleu,   Guy Blaise.
This paper investigates sources and determinants of agricultural growth in Africa, concentrating on the growth path during the last three decades. The analysis employs the broader framework provided by empirical growth literature and recent developments in Total Factor Productivity (TFP) measurement to search for fundamental determinants of growth in African agriculture. One main contribution and new findings in this analysis is the quantification of the contribution of the productivity growth and the contribution of different inputs such as land, labor, tractor and fertilizer in the agricultural growth. Growth accounting computation highlights the fact that factor accumulation rather than TFP accounts for a large share of agricultural output growth and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Growth accounting; TFP; Factor accumulation; Capital absorption; Africa; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; N50; O47; D24.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52108

A Reappraisal of the Role of Agriculture in Economic Growth in Melanesian Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fleming,   Euan M.; Fleming,   Pauline.
Fortunes in the agricultural sectors of four of the largest South Pacific countries are traced in recent decades by estimating the single factoral terms of trade index. The single factoral terms of trade are measured for agriculture in four Melanesian countries-Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu-over the period, 1970 to 2002. This index provides a useful method to assess changes in returns to factors employed in agricultural production in these countries. Except in Solomon Islands, farmers experienced a deteriorating index, indicating that they have reaped progressively lower returns to their resources. In Solomon Islands, returns to resources are shown to have increased slightly. A sustained contribution by the agricultural sector to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Factoral terms of trade; Melanesia; Smallholders; Total factor productivity; International Development; D24; O12; O47; Q17.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25715

The Economic Value of Education in Agricultural Production: A Switching Regression Analysis of Selected East Asian Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huang,   Fung-Mey; Luh,   Yir-Hueih.
The emphasis of education as a driving force for the growth of agricultural productivity can be dated back to the early 1960s. However, most empirical work failed to take into account of the fact that production technology changes with time and consequently obscure the true contribution of education in agricultural production. This study presents a more efficient version to testing the hypothesis that education plays a key role in agricultural development using a switching regression model. Because farmers’ ability to deal with disequilibria is allowed to change with education in the present setting, a concrete evidence of the key role of education is provided in the empirical analysis of eight East Asian countries. The results suggest that there exists a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: East Asian agricultural growth; Education; Switching regression; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Productivity Analysis; O47; O57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50928

Village inequality in Western China: implications for development strategy in lagging regions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Xing,   Li; Fan,   Shenggen; Luo,   Xiaopeng; Zhang,   Xiaobo.
Increased regional inequality has been a major concern in many emerging economies like China, India, Vietnam and Thailand. However, even a large inequality is observed within the lagging regions. The objective of this paper is to look into what are the sources of within region inequality using the community surveys and a census type of households in Western China.  This snapshot view of inequality within and between rural villages in western China is based on a census-type household survey in three administrative villages and a sampling survey of 286 natural villages in the poor province of Guizhou in 2004. In contrast to coastal regions, nonfarm income is distributed unevenly in this inland western region. This accounts for the largest share of overall...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Rural Development; Poverty; Inequality; Public investment; Community/Rural/Urban Development; H54; O47; O53; R11.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55403

Village Inequality in Western China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Xing,   Li; Fan,   Shenggen; Luo,   Xiaopeng; Zhang,   Xiaobo.
Increased regional inequality has been a major concern in many emerging economies like China, India, Vietnam and Thailand. However, even a large inequality is observed within the lagging regions. The objective of this paper is to look into what are the sources of within region inequality using the community surveys and a census type of households in Western China. This snapshot view of inequality within and between rural villages in western China is based on a census-type household survey in three administrative villages and a sampling survey of 286 natural villages in the poor province of Guizhou in 2004. In contrast to coastal regions, nonfarm income is distributed unevenly in this inland western region. This acco unts for the largest share of overall...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural Development; Poverty; Inequality; Public investment; H54; O47; O53; R11; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25390

China's Capital and Productivity Measurement Using Financial Resources
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Li,   Kui-Wai.
This paper constructs China’'s capital stock, which is used in conjunction with a labor variable to estimate a Cobb-Douglas production function for the Chinese economy. Two panels of data are used – one for capital formation and one for sources of investment finance. Both national and provincial data are used for these two panels, thus giving a total of four capital-stock series. The Cobb-Douglas estimates show that China’'s total factor productivity was about 3.4 percent in the post-reform years. Productivity of coastal provinces is higher than inner provinces. Among the various sources of investment finance, foreign direct investment is more efficient than state-funded capital stock.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: China economic reform; Provincial growth and productivity; Financial resources; Financial Economics; O47.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28469

Factor-Augmenting Technical Change: An Empirical Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: De Cian,   Enrica.
Starting from a system of factor demands, an empirical model that allows estimating factor-augmenting technical change is derived. Factor-augmenting technical change is defined as the improvement in factor productivities that can occur either exogenously or endogenously, with changes in other macroeconomic variables. This paper provides additional estimates for the substitution possibilities among inputs and it offers new empirical evidence on the direction and sources of factor-augmenting technical change, an issue that has not yet been explored by the empirical literature on growth determinants. The empirical findings suggest that technical change is directed. Technical change tends to be more energy-saving than capital- and labour-saving. Both R&amp;D...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Factor-Augmenting Technical Change; Technology Spillovers; Panel Data; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C3; O47; Q55; Q56.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50403

THE IMPACT OF ALTERNATIVE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ON GROWTH AND DISTRIBUTION: SIMULATIONS WITH A DYNAMIC MODEL FOR EGYPT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: El-Said,   Moataz; Lofgren,   Hans; Robinson,   Sherman.
Addressing longer-term issues of economic development in Egypt, the paper employs a dynamically recursive computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to assess the outcomes associated with two types of development approaches over the period 1998-2012. One is a targeted sector development approach, and the second is a more broad-based development approach. Under the first development approach technological advancement is separately targeted to three sectors: agriculture, food processing, and textiles. Each sectoral choice is intended to represent alternative development strategies which we label (i) agricultural-demand- led industrialization (ADLI); (ii) food-processing-based (FOOD); and (iii) textile-based industrialization (TEXTILE). Under the second...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Atkinson inequality index; CGE; Egypt; Growth; Income distribution; SAM; Theil index; International Development; C68; D31; D33; D58; O47; O53.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16311

Convergence in Agriculture: Evidence from the European Regions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alexiadis,   Stilianos.
Although there have been numerous studies on regional convergence, agriculture has received far less attention. In this study, the intention is to augment the existing literature by testing for convergence in agricultural productivity among the EU-26 regions. A low rate of absolute convergence is estimated over the period 1995-2004 whilst evidence of club convergence is apparent.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Absolute and Club Convergence; Agriculture; European Union Regions; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q10; O47; C2.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118866

Business Establishment Growth in the Appalachian Region, 2000-2007:  An Application of Smooth Transition Spatial Process Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Xu,   Wan; Lambert,   Dayton M.
Business establishment growth in the Appalachian region (2000–2007) was regressed on industry sector composition controlling for demographic, physical, and economic determinants. We test the hypothesis that local response to growth determinants is geographically heterogeneous using Smooth Transition spatial process models. This class of models exhibiting endogenous regime switching behavior provides another tool for exploring the spatially heterogeneous effects of local determinants on economic growth.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Appalachia; Business establishment growth; Smooth transition models; Spatial processes; Community/Rural/Urban Development; C21; C51; O47; R11.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113517

Links among Farm Productivity, Off-Farm Work, and Farm Size in the Southeast
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yee,   Jet; Ahearn,   Mary Clare; Huffman,   Wallace E.
This paper examines the linkages among agricultural total factor productivity, farm size, and farm household participation in the off-farm labor market for the Southeastern states for the period 1960-1996.  We find evidence of a simultaneous relationship between productivity and measures of farm structure.  The results support the expected relationships between the endogenous variables, namely that productivity and farm size are positively related, farm size and off-farm work participation are negatively related, and off-farm work and productivity are negatively related.  We find positive and significant impacts of government policies (investments in public research, extension, and highways) on productivity growth.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Farm size; Off-farm work; Productivity; Southeast; Structural change; J22; O47; Q15; Q16; Q18.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43450

Technological Leadership and Sectoral Employment Growth: A Spatial Econometric Analysis for U.S. Counties
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pede,   Valerien O.; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.; de Groot,   Henri L.F.
This paper investigates the determinants of technological catch-up and examines at a refined level of spatial and sectoral aggregation to what extent geographical and/or technological proximity to the technology leader impact regional employment growth. Technological progress is endogenously determined and depends on specialization, competition and diversity. We also allow technological progress to depend on agglomeration economies in proximate regions, and model technological progress by means of a hierarchical process of catch-up to the technology leader. Results indicate that human capital plays a crucial role in promoting sectoral employment growth. The effect of technological distance varies, depending on which sector is considered. Technological...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Regional employment growth; Technology leadership; Space; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; R11; R12; C21; O32; O47.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102827

STOCHASTIC FRONTIER ANALYSIS OF NEW ZEALAND'S MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES: SOME EMPIRICAL RESULTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gounder,   Rukmani; Xayavong,   Vilaphonh.
This paper examines the sources of total factor productivity growth (TFP) in New Zealand's manufacturing industries over the period 1978-98 and over various sub-periods. Examination of the data adopts two stages using a stochastic frontier approach. The first stage involves the specification and estimation of the stochastic frontier production function and the prediction of technical efficiency effects. The second stage involves the specification of a regression model for the predicted technical efficiency effects. The sources of TFP growth have been decomposed into four components; i.e. technical progress, changes in technical efficiency, scale effects, and change in allocative efficiency. The empirical results show that productivity has been largely due...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: New Zealand Manufacturing Sector; Total Productivity Growth; Technical Progress; Technical Efficiency; Scale Components; Allocative Efficiency; Industrial Organization; D24; C23; O47.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23714

MARKET REFORMS VERSUS STRUCTURAL REFORMS IN RURAL CHINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carter,   Colin A.; Estrin,   Andrew J.
This paper adds to the debate on the impact of market reforms versus structural reforms in explaining agricultural output growth in China. A multiple-output stochastic frontier and a technical inefficiency equation are estimated using provincial data on the rural economy from 1986 to 1995. Grain self-sufficiency policies and incomplete market reforms in the 1980s and 1990s led to allocative inefficiency. Agricultural disinvestment shrunk the production frontier and the fragmentation of land holdings reduced technical efficiency. China'’s rural economic reform is far from being complete.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; O47; Q12; Q15.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11965

Agricultural Productivity Convergence:  Myth or Reality?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Poudel,   Biswo N.; Paudel,   Krishna P.; Zilberman,   David.
We tested agricultural productivity convergence in the United States using the state level total factor productivity data and utilizing new estimation and cluster identification methods to identify convergence in the data. The empirical investigation did not indicate any evidence of agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) convergence at the state level. However, we found the evidence of TFP convergence at the regional level for some regions/clusters.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural total factor productivity; Convergence; Human capital; U.S. states; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Q10; O47.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100654

Input, Output Technical Efficiencies and Total Factor Productivity of Cereal Production in Tunisia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dhehibi,   Boubaker; Bahri,   Haithem; Annabi,   Mohamed.
In this paper, farm level technical efficiency of production and its determinants are investigated in a sample of 51 cereal producing farms located in the main cereal production region in Tunisia using a stochastic frontier production model.   Empirical findings show that labor input factor appears with a minimal effect on the production. The hypothesis of constant returns to scale is rejected at the 5% level of significance, and returns to scale were found to be decreasing. Moreover, the estimated coefficients in the technical inefficiency model are also as expected. The estimated coefficients of the instruction level of farmer and the rotation, technical variable, are negatives and statistically significant at 5% level, which indicates their positive...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technical efficiency; Timmer index; Kopp index; TFP; Cereal farms; Tunisia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C43; O47; Q12.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122866

Impact of Income on Calorie and Nutrient Intakes: A Cross-Country Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Salois,   Matthew J.; Tiffin,   J. Richard; Balcombe,   Kelvin George.
The relationship between income and nutrient intake is explored. Nonparametric, panel, and quantile regressions are used. Engle curves for calories, fat, and protein are approximately linear in logs with carbohydrate intakes exhibiting diminishing elasticities as incomes increase. Elasticities range from 0.10 to 0.25, with fat having the highest elasticities. Countries in higher quantiles have lower elasticities than those in lower quantiles. Results predict significant cumulative increases in calorie consumption which are increasingly composed of fats. Though policies aimed at poverty alleviation and economic growth may assuage hunger and malnutrition, they may also exacerbate problems associated with obesity.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Calorie and nutrient consumption; Food and nutrition policy; Income elasticities; Nonparametric; Panel; Quantile regression.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C11; C14; C21; C23; O10; O47; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103647

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AND NEW ZEALAND'S PRODUCTIVITY MALAISE: AN INDUSTRY-LEVEL STUDY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Engelbrecht,   Hans-Jurgen; Xayavong,   Vilaphonh.
This paper examines the link between information and communication technology (ICT) and New Zealand's labour productivity (LP) growth in 29 industries over the period 1988-2003, and over relevant sub-periods. After deriving an ICT intensity index in order to classify industries into 'more ICT intensive' and 'less ICT intensive', we compare LP growth rates for these two industry groupings. Further, we employ dummy variable regression models, including difference-in-difference models, to more formally test the relationship between ICT intensity and LP growth. The results prove to be sensitive to the time period specified. When breaks in the data series are taken into account, there seems to be support for the view that LP growth of more ICT intensive...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Information and Communication Technology; Labour Productivity Growth; ICT Intensive Industries; New Zealand.; Productivity Analysis; O47; O50.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23698

Technology Capital: The Price of Admission to the Growth Club
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Evenson,   Robert E.; Fuglie,   Keith O.
We assess long-run patterns of global agricultural productivity growth in developing countries between 1970 and 2005 and examine the relationship between investments in technology capital and productivity.  To measure agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) we employ a Solow-type growth accounting method to decompose output growth into input and TFP growth.  For technology capital we construct two indexes reflecting national capacities in agricultural research and education-extension for 87 developing countries. We then correlate technology capital levels with long-term growth rates in agricultural TFP. Our findings show that average agricultural TFP growth in developing countries accelerated in the 1980s and 1990s but fell marginally in the early...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural development; Agricultural extension; Agricultural research; Land quality; Agricultural cost shares; Growth accounting; Total factor productivity (TFP); International Development; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q10; Q16; O13; O30; O47; O57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51398

Corruption, Development and the Curse of Natural Resources
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pendergast,   Shannon M.; Clarke,   Judith A.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
In 1995, Jeffrey Sachs and Andrew Warner found a negative relationship between natural resources and economic growth, and claimed that natural resources are a curse. Their work has been widely cited, with many economists now accepting the curse of natural resources as a welldocumented explanation of poor economic growth in some economies (e.g., Papyrakis and Gerlagh, 2004; Kronenberg, 2004). In this paper, we provide an alternative econometric framework for evaluating this claim, although we begin with a discussion of possible explanations for the curse and a critical assessment of the extant theory underlying the curse. Our approach is to identify natural resources that have the greatest rents and potential for exploitation through rent-seeking agents....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Natural resource curse; Petroleum resources; Unbalanced panels and GMM estimation; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O12; Q32; Q34; O43; O47.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37913

A contribuição de P&amp;D Agropecuário para Convergência e Crescimento da Renda Agropecuária no Brasil
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barreto,   Ricardo Candéa Sá; Almeida,   Eduardo Simões de.
Este artigo estuda o crescimento econômico e a convergência de renda Agropecuária dos estados Brasileiros de 1986 a 2004. Para este fim, utiliza-se um modelo econométrico de efeitos fixos, controlando-se a dependência espacial.  Além de comprovar convergência condicional, o modelo econométrico revelou que o crescimento do PIB per capita agropecuário foi afetado por variáveis como capital físico agropecuário, infra-estrutura telefônica, infra-estrutura de armazenagem, crédito rural, número de trabalhadores rurais, e por externalidades espaciais. Além disso, ficou evidenciada a importância de P &amp; D agropecuário para o crescimento e convergência de renda per capita no setor agropecuário e ainda a  geração de externalidades espaciais...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Convergência de renda agropecuária; Nova geografia econômica; Modelo de efeitos fixos com dependência espacial; Income convergence; New economic geography; Fixed effect model with spatial dependence; Agricultural Finance; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O18; O47; R11; R23.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108170

Resource Abundance, Poverty and Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bulte,   Erwin H.; Damania,   Richard; Deacon,   Robert T.
The negative correlation between resource endowments and GDP growth remains one of the most robust findings in the empirical growth literature, and has been coined the “resource curse hypothesis”.  The policy consequences of this result are potentially far reaching.  If natural resources are an inescapable curse, this may imply that countries richly endowed with natural resources can only develop by turning their backs on their comparative advantage and diversifying into other non-resource based activities. This paper analyzes whether the negative statistical relationship between natural resource abundance and economic growth spills over to other important economic and social indicators.  The impact of resource wealth on several proxies of economic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource abundance; Economic growth; Developing countries; Cross-country analysis.; Food Security and Poverty; Q2; Q3; O13; O47; O57.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23803

Total Factor Productivity Growth when Factors of Production Generate Environmental Externalities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vouvaki,   Dimitra; Xepapadeas,   Anastasios.
Total factor productivity growth (TFPG) has been traditionally associated with technological change. We show that when a factor of production, such as energy, generates an environmental externality in the form of CO2 emissions which is not internalized because of lack of environmental policy, then TFPG estimates could be biased. This is because the contribution of environment as a factor of production is not accounted for in the growth accounting framework. Empirical estimates confirm this hypothesis and suggest that part of what is regarded as technology’s contribution to growth could be attributed to the use of environment in output production.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Total Factor Productivity; Sources of Growth; Environmental Externalities; Energy; Environmental Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; O47; Q20; Q43.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50405

Agriculture and Rural Economic Growth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deller,   Steven C.; Gould,   Brian W.; Jones,   Bruce L.
The role of farm dependence and size on rural economic growth is examined with data from 2,240 nonmetropolitan U.S. counties for the period 1990-1995. A simple neoclassical model of regional economic growth is set forth with a central question relating to the role of agriculture on rural economic convergence.  Traditional neoclassical theory predicts that poor rural areas should grow proportionally faster than rich areas.  As interpreted in the academic literature and popular press, a preponderance of small family farms should enhance growth.  Results suggest that a higher level of local dependence on production agriculture could lower growth rates.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Economic growth; Production agriculture; Rural development; O47; Q18; R11.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43153

Disaggregate Productivity Growth in Livestock Production: A Directional Malmquist Index Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ludena,   Carlos E.; Hertel,   Thomas W.; Preckel,   Paul V.; Foster,   Kenneth A.; Nin Pratt,   Alejandro.
Limited data on the allocation of inputs to different activities has limited agricultural economists' attempts to measure sub-sector productivity growth in agriculture. However, recent developments have enabled us to estimate total factor productivity (TFP) growth for crops and livestock accounting for input-output allocation. This paper extends previous work on TFP measurement for livestock into ruminants and non-ruminant productivity measurement, given the differences in productivity growth rates among these species. The results show that the non-ruminant sector is more dynamic than the ruminant sector, driving most of the productivity growth within the livestock sector. Given the rapid rates of productivity growth observed recently, non-ruminant...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Total factor productivity; Malmquist index; Livestock; Ruminants; Non-ruminants; Productivity Analysis; O47; O57; Q16.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19395

Incorporating environmental impacts into value added from organic and conventional farming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huhtala,   Anni; Marklund,   Per-Olov.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/16/05.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: National income accounting; Environmental performance; Technology choices; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; O47; Q18; Q25.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19259