Consulta: subjectFacets:"Oligopoly"
Registros recuperados: 28
Data/hora: 16/06/2024 10:21:39

Strategic Pricing in a Differentiated Product Oligopoly Model: Fluid Milk in Boston
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Canan,   Basak; Cotterill,   Ronald W.
In an imperfectly competitive industry, differentiated products compete with each other with price rather than quantity as the strategic variable. Several previous studies have employed a generalized Nash Bertrand model: Liang (1989), Cotterill (1994), Cotterill, Putsis and Dhar (2000), and Kinoshita, Suzuki, Kawamura, Watanabe and Kaiser (2001); however, only Liang has explored the theoretical foundations of that model. This paper generalizes the Liang two good model to three goods. A surprising and important result follows. Price conjectural variations do not exist in models with 3 or more goods. Price reaction functions, however, exist in multiple good models. We estimate them jointly with a brand level demand system to evaluate the total impact of a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Oligopoly; Price conjectural variations; Brand level demand elasticities; Focal point collusion; Demand and Price Analysis; Industrial Organization; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25158

Reformulating competition?  Gasoline content regulation and wholesale gasoline prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brown,   Jennifer; Hastings,   Justine; Mansur,   Erin T.; Villas-Boas,   Sofia Berto.
Revised from an earlier version from January 2006. Published in JEEM v. 55:1, January 2008.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental economics; Fuel requirements; Gasoline; Oligopoly; Prices; Regulations; Environmental Economics and Policy; L13; L51; Q50.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120475

MARKET POWER AND COST-EFFICIENCY EFFECTS OF THE MARKET CONCENTRATION IN THE U.S. NITROGEN FERTILIZER INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   C.S.; Hallahan,   Charles B.; Taylor,   Harold; Schluter,   Gerald E.
This article examines the effects of increasing market concentration level in the U.S. nitrogen fertilizer industry.  Results indicate that the costs of market power are greater than the benefits of market concentration, in terms of manufacturing cost efficiency.  To provide a stable nitrogen fertilizer supply at a relatively low price, it may be necessary to control natural gas price and/or reduce new import barriers from Middle East and former member states of the Soviet Union, where low cost gas is produced as a byproduct.    Keywords:  Nitrogen fertilizer, oligopoly, economies of size, market power, cost-efficiency.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nitrogen fertilizer; Oligopoly; Economies of size; Market power; Cost-efficiency.; Marketing.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19674

Retail Prices for Milk by Fat Content: A New Theory and Empirical Test of Retailer Pricing Behavior
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Xia,   Tian; Sexton,   Richard J.
We study a heretofore unexamined type of product differentiation, horizontally differentiated products with differential costs, and apply the analysis to retail pricing of fluid milk products. The theoretical models yield unique predictions for the relationship among prices of the four horizontally differentiated fluid milk products (skim, 1%, 2%, and whole milk) and the impacts of butterfat and nonfat milk costs on prices, depending upon the form of retail competition. An empirical analysis of retail milk pricing for four major cities in California enables tests to be conducted of which form of behavior best characterizes grocery retailing in these cities.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Differential costs; Horizontal differentiation; Milk; Oligopoly; Retail pricing; Demand and Price Analysis; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54546

Buyer Alliances as Countervailing Power in WIC Infant-Formula Auctions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davis,   David E.
State WIC agencies in infant-formula procurement auctions receive lower bids and final prices when they are in buyer’s alliances than when they are unallied. The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) uses an auction to procure infant formula. Manufacturers bid on the right to be an agency’s sole supplier by offering a rebate on formula sold through WIC. A theoretical model of rebates shows that bidders may shade their bids and extract surplus from agencies. An empirical estimation shows that bids are lower to alliances suggesting that alliances countervail the power of bidders to extract surplus.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Auctions; Food assistance; Countervailing power; Buyer concentration; Oligopoly; WIC.; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Industrial Organization; L13; D43; D44; Q18; I18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123863

Tariffication of Tariff Rate Quotas under oligopolistic competition: the case of the EU import regimes for bananas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scoppola,   Margherita.
Paper removed by author for revision 12/09/08.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Import quotas; Oligopoly; Bananas; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44165

Modeling Differentiated Quality Standards in the Agri-Food Sector: The Case of Meat Trade in the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rau,   Marie-Luise; van Tongeren,   Frank W.
This paper looks at trade impacts of quality related standards from the supply side of the exporting country. We argue that food quality standards imposed by an importing country have profound effects on the market structure of the exporting industry, and hence a significant impact on the supply response. For our analysis, we develop a stylized oligopoly model that allows for the co-existence of complying and non-complying suppliers. The model is applied to two alternative policy options to explore different mechanisms an importing county may use to enhance the quality of its imports. We take the Polish meat sector as an empirical example, since after Poland's accession to the EU the tight EU food quality standards indeed apply but the process of adjusting...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food quality standards; Trade; Market structure; Poland; Meat sector; Oligopoly; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Q17; Q18; L1.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25739

Firm-Level Competition in Price and Variety
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richards,   Timothy J.; Patterson,   Paul M.
Consumer product manufacturers often compete in dynamic, multi-firm oligopolies using multiple strategic tools. While existing empirical models of strategic interaction typically consider only parts of the more general problem, this paper presents a more comprehensive alternative. Marketing decision are dynamically optimal, consistent with optimal consumer choice, and responsive to rival decisions. Using a single-market case study that consists of five years of four-weekly data on ready-to-eat cereal sales, prices, and new brand introductions, we test several hypotheses regarding the nature of strategic interaction among several rival manufacturers. We find that cereal manufacturers price and introduce new brands cooperatively in the same period, but...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cereal; Differentiated products; Dynamics; Oligopoly; Product line rivalry; Strategic interaction; Demand and Price Analysis; D43; L13; L66; M31; Q13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43788

Market Power in the Corn Sector: How Does It Affect the Impacts of the Ethanol Subsidy?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saitone,   Tina L.; Sexton,   Richard J.; Sexton,   Steven E.
Market power is discussed in debates about subsidies for ethanol production. The structural conditions in the corn industry create a case for concerns about market power. We develop an analytical model for determining the production and price impacts and the distribution of benefits from the U.S ethanol subsidy when upstream sellers in the seed sector and downstream buyers in the processing sector may exercise market power. Results demonstrate that the impacts on prices and output are probably limited. Distribution impacts are much greater. Seed producers and corn processors with market power capture relatively large shares of subsidy benefits.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Corn ethanol; Market power; Oligopoly; Oilopsony; Subsidy; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42457

A bortermelés struktúrájának változásai
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brazsil,   David.
A szőlő-bor vertikum termelési oldalán jelentős koncentrációs folyamatok kez¬dődtek. A koncentráció egyik motorja a befektetők, akik az 1980-as évektől jelentek meg nagy számban az ágazatban. Stratégiájukat alapvetően az alapanyaghoz való hozzáférés, a terjeszkedési lehetőség, a márkaépítés és a disztribúciós csatornákhoz való hozzáférés határozza meg. Magyarországon a koncentrációs folyamatokat a jogi-gazdasági környezet erősen befolyásolta.    -------------------------------------    Significant concentration processes have begun in the production side of the grape and wine business. These are in part driven by the investors who appeared in large numbers in this field after the eighties. Their strategy is basically determined by their access to raw...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Szőlő-bor ágazat; Liberalizáció; Oligopólium; Befektetés; Viticulture and winemaking; Liberalisation; Oligopoly; Investment; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92504

Strategic Interaction With Multiple Tools: A New Empirical Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richards,   Timothy J.; Patterson,   Paul M.
The Lanchester model of strategic interaction typically considers only two-firm rivalry and one strategic tool. This paper presents an alternative that considers rivalry among several firms using multiple tools. Marketing decisions are dynamically optimal and use equations of motion for market share that are consistent with optimal consumer choice. Using a single-market case study that consists of five years of monthly data on ready to eat cereal sales, advertising, product development investments and new product introductions, we test our model against a similar Lanchester specification. Non-nested specification tests fail to reject the proposed model, but reject the Lanchester alternative.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Advertising; Brands; Cereal; Dynamic; Lanchester; Oligopoly; Strategic interaction.; Marketing.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28545

ESTIMATING MARKET POWER AND PRICING CONDUCT IN A PRODUCT-DIFFERENTIATED OLIGOPOLY: THE CASE OF THE DOMESTIC SPAGHETTI SAUCE INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vickner,   Steven S.; Davies,   Stephen P.
This paper develops a simultaneous-equations panel data econometric model to obtain point estimates of market power and pricing conduct in a representative product-differentiated, oligopolistic food market.  The importance of this class of markets is recognized given its prevalence in the food and fiber system, especially for final consumer food products.  The $1.3 billion domestic spaghetti sauce industry is featured.  Although the results indicate firms exert limited market power, a portion of this power is derived from tacit price collusion.  A higher degree of price collusion was found among brands within a market segment than between segments.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Market power; Oligopoly; Pricing conduct; Product differentiation; Marketing.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15137

Input Production Joint Venture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rossini,   Gianpaolo; Vergari,   Cecilia.
In many industries it is quite common to observe firms delegating the production of essential inputs to independent ventures jointly established with competing rivals. The diffusion of this arrangement and the favourable stance of competition authorities call for the assessment of the social and private desirability of Input Production Joint Ventures (IPJV), which represent a form of input production cooperation, not investigated so far. IPJV can be seen as an intermediate organizational setting lying between the two extremes of vertical integration and vertical separation. Our investigation is based on an oligopoly model with horizontally differentiated goods. We characterize the conditions under which IPJV is privately optimal finding that firms’...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Input Production Joint Venture; Horizontal Differentiation; Oligopoly; Production Economics; L24; L42.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55288

MARKET COMPETITION AND METROPOLITAN-AREA GROCERY PRICES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Binkley,   James K.; Connor,   John M.
This paper examines the relationship of 1987 retail grocery prices to supermarket sales concentration across 95 U.S. metropolitan areas.  The regression model incorporates a large number of population, retail-cost, and retail competition factors and separate prices by type of grocery item.  We find that the concentration-price relationship is sensitive to item type: positive for packaged, branded, dry groceries and unrelated for produce, meat, and dairy product prices.  As for market rivalry, we find that small grocery stores provide no grocery price competition for supermarkets. However, branded grocery prices are driven down by fast-food places and by rapid price churning, whereas for unbranded foods the presence of warehouse stores places downward...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Retail grocery trade; Pricing policy; Variable price merchandising; Market competition; Category management; Market structure; Sales concentration; Price discrimination; Price rivalry; Oligopoly; Food demand; Food prices; Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25988

Testing for Oligopoly Power in the Kenyan Seed Maize Processing Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nzuma,   Jonathan M.
In the recent past, the concentration of seed maize processing and marketing in Kenya has raised serious public concerns. The inability of this industry to ensure affordable prices of certified seed maize for the farming community has led policy makers to question its market behaviour. In spite of these concerns, the performance of agricultural markets in Kenya has received little attention. This study evaluates the market conduct of the industry using the New Empirical Institutional Organization framework and tests the hypothesis of price taking behaviour. A system of five equations was used to estimate conjectural variations elasticity while a Lerner index was constructed to measure market power using data from Kenya's Central Bureau of Statistics. The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Seed Maize; Market power; Lerner index; Oligopoly; Crop Production/Industries; Industrial Organization; D4; L66.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25591

Imperfect Competition in the Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Requillart,   Vincent; Simioni,   Michel; Varela Irimia,   Xose Luis.
Do retailers exert market power in the fresh fruit and vegetables markets? In the EU countries, as the retail industry distributes a significant part of fruit and vegetables, a non competitive behavior might have significant impact on consumption, on surplus and welfare. In this paper, we shed some light on the degree of non-competitive distortions in the French fresh fruit and vegetable markets. We analyze the market of tomato. The analysis is based on aggregate data on final consumption and prices at both shipper and consumer levels in France. The structural model is composed of a system of demand equations, supply equations and pricing equations which include terms that capture the oligopoly and oligopsony power of the retail sector and that account for...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Oligopsony; Oligopoly; Retail industry; Fruit and vegetable markets.; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58116

THE LIBERALIZATION OF TARIFF RATE QUOTAS UNDER OLIGOPOLISTIC COMPETITION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scoppola,   Margherita.
Paper removed by author for revision 12/09/08.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tariff Rate Quotas; Oligopoly; Trade Liberalization.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Q18; F13; L13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44822

Imperfect competition in the fresh tomato industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Requillart,   Vincent; Simioni,   Michel; Varela Irimia,   Xose Luis.
In this paper, we analyse the market power of the retail industry in the French tomato market. Following the methods developed in the New Empirical Industrial Organization, we develop a structural model of this industry. The analysis is based on detailed data on final consumption and prices at both shipper and consumer levels for two types of tomatoes in France. The structural model is composed of a system of demand equations, supply equations and pricing equations which include terms which capture the oligopoly and oligopsony power of the retail sector. We show that i) elasticity of demand varies during the year ii) the retail sector exercise only a ‘moderate’ market power iii) the exercise of market power decreases over time iv) If markets were...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Oligopoly; Oligopsony; Fresh products; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44279

Market Concentration of the Processed Food in Korea
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Sounghun.
In Korea, processed food markets have various shapes of structure: the markets of ice cream, special dietary food, noodles, sugar are highly concentrated, while the markets of gimchi, pickles, and ice are not very concentrated. The level of market concentration changes over time. These market structures and structural changes cause impacts on related industries as well as own industries. For the more successful policies, the paper suggests three ideas: to realize that each food processing industry has a different industry structure, to understand the relationship between the food processing industry and upstream and downstream industries and to take into account opinions  from various sources before adopting new policies.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Processed food market; Food processing industry; Market structure; Market concentration; CR4; CR10; Monopoly; Oligopoly; Korea; Korean; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45682

COST PASS THROUGH IN THE CASE OF SEQUENTIAL OLIGOPOLY: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE FLUID MILK MARKET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dhar,   Tirtha Pratim; Cotterill,   Ronald W.
We estimate the cost pass through rates (CPTR) in the Boston fluid milk market  while taking into account strategic conduct (Vertical Nash, Vertical Stackleberg) between retailers and processors. By using structural demand and supply specification we estimate and test for the pass through rates at different stages of fluid milk marketing channels.  Processors have higher pass through rates than retailers.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cost Pass Through Rate; Oligopoly; Retail; Marketing Channel; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21535

A CLASSROOM EXPERIMENT ON OLIGOPOLIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nelson,   Robert G.; Beil,   Richard O., Jr.
This experiment demonstrates principles of decision-making in dynamic oligopolies, especially the difficulties in forming and maintaining cartels. As an illustration of firm behavior under imperfect competition, the game distinguishes between procedurally rational choices and substantively rational decisions in the context of collusive, Cournot, and competitive equilibria. The paper discusses results from an actual classroom exercise and suggests some additional variations in institutional details. Instructions for students and a spreadsheet program for producing payoff tables are provided in the appendices.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Teaching; Experimental economics; Oligopoly; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15353

Spying in Multi-market Oligopolies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Billand,   Pascal; Bravard,   Christophe; Chakrabarti,   Subhadip; Sarangi,   Sudipta.
We consider a multimarket framework where a set of firms compete on two interrelated oligopolistic markets. Prior to competing in these markets, firms can spy on others in order to increase the quality of their product. We characterize the equilibrium espionage networks and networks that maximize social welfare under the most interesting scenario of diseconomies of scope. We find that in some situations firms may refrain from spying even if it is costless. Moreover, even though spying leads to increased product quality, there exist situations where it is detrimental to both consumer welfare and social welfare.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Oligopoly; Multimarket; Networks; Environmental Economics and Policy; C70; L13; L20.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96632

Tariffication of Tariff Rate Quotas under oligopolistic competition: the case of the EU import regimes for bananas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scoppola,   Margherita.
The paper develops a two-stage capacity constrained duopoly model, in which the mode of competition is endogenous and the constraint is flexible, to investigate the impact of Tariff Rate Quotas (TRQs) and their liberalization. The model predicts that the greater the gap between the price of the licences plus the in-quota tariff and the out-of-quota tariff, the closer the outcome of the game to the pure Cournot outcome. The tariff equivalent changes according to the prevailing mode of competition under the TRQ. The model is used to address the issue of the tariffication of the non-ACP TRQ for EU banana imports. The results suggest that under the TRQ firms competed on quantity and that the tariff equivalent is higher than the tariff introduced by the EU in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Tariff rate quota; Oligopoly; Bananas; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q18; F13; L13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115419

Measuring Competition in the U.S. Airline Industry Using the Rosse-Panzar Test and Cross-Sectional Regression Analyses
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Thorsten; Kamerschen,   David R.
We employ the Rosse-Panzar test to assess market performance in selected airport-pairs originating from Atlanta. The Rosse-Panzar test stands in the tradition of the New Empirical Industrial Organization. It is based on the comparative statics of a reduced form revenue equation. Therefore, it is less powerful than structural models, but it offers the advantage of less stringent data requirements and reduces the risk of model misspecifications. The test statistic allows us in most airport-pairs to reject both conducts consistent with the Bertrand outcome, which is equivalent to perfect competition, and the collusive outcome, which is equivalent to joint profit-maximization. Rather, the test statistic suggests that behavior is consistent with a range of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Airlines; Oligopoly; Conduct; Price-cost margins; Lerner index; Rosse-Panzar test; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; L00; L40; L93.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44041

ESTIMATING COKE AND PEPSI'S PRICE ADVERTISING STRATEGIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Golan,   Amos; Karp,   Larry S.; Perloff,   Jeffrey M.
AgEcon Search copy replaced with 1999 version 02/02/06.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Strategies; Noncooperative games; Oligopoly; Generalized maximum entropy; Beverages; Marketing; C13; C35; C72; L13; L66.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25057

How Does Advertising Affect Market Performance? The Case of Generic Advertising
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hamilton,   Stephen F.; Richards,   Timothy J.; Stiegert,   Kyle W.
The effect of advertising on market performance has been a long-standing debate. Advertising that increases the dispersion of consumers’ valuations for advertised goods raises the market power of firms, while advertising that decreases the dispersion of consumers’ valuations leads to narrower price-cost margins and superior performance in markets for advertised goods. Numerous challenges confound the empirical identification of advertising effects on market performance. This paper proposes a simple method that relies on the revealed preferences of firms participating in generic advertising programs. Generic advertising programs provide a unique window through which to observe advertising effects on market performance, because changes in the dispersion of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Advertising; Oligopoly; Marketing; L1; M37.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49187

Equilibrio de un oligopolio con empresa dominante: Una aplicación al mercado de la carne de cerdo en Chile
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marchant,   Ricardo.
Published by Asociación de Economistas Agrarios de Chile
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Monopoly power; Oligopoly; Pork market; Residual demand elasticity; Industrial Organization; Marketing.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97356

Bidding for WIC infant formula contracts: Do non-WIC customers subsidize WIC customers?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davis,   David E.
Although the WIC food assistance program purchases over one-half of all US infant formula, I find the program has little impact on the prices paid by non-WIC customers. I estimate infant-formula marginal cost and find that it is low compared to price, implying large price-cost markups. But, the WIC program is not to blame. Instead large price-cost markups are likely due to customer’s price insensitivity. WIC’s impact on non-WIC customers comes through an increase in sales owing to a WIC “spill-over” effect. The WIC approved brand attains a prominence in the market that makes it a natural choice for non-WIC customers, which makes attaining WIC approval valuable to firms. Firms bid with rebates to attain exclusive WIC approved status which results in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Price cost margins; WIC; Oligopoly; Food Assistance; Infant Formula; Auctions; Contracts; Consumer/Household Economics; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; L11; L113; I18; D12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102457