Consulta: subjectFacets:"Pharmacodynamics"
Registros recuperados: 8
Data/hora: 10/06/2024 03:37:07

Perspectives of Dendrimer-based Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy
Provedor de dados: Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
Autores: CASTRO,RICARDO I.; FORERO-DORIA,OSCAR; GUZMÁN,LUIS.
Abstract Currently, cancer is the second most common cause of death in the United States, exceeded only by heart disease. Chemotherapy traditionally suffers from a non-specific distribution, with only a small fraction of the drug reaching the tumor, in this sense, the use of dendrimers incorporating drugs non-covalently encapsulated inside the dendrimer or covalently conjugated have proven to be effectives against different cancer cell lines. However, at present the dendrimers used as drug-carriers still do not meet the necessary characteristic to be considered as an ideal dendrimer for drug delivery; high toxicity, bio-degradability, low toxicity, biodistribution characteristics, and favorable retention with appropriate specificity and bioavailability...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Dendrimers; Cancer therapy; Pharmacodynamics; Nanoparticles.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652018000502331

Antifungal pharmacodynamics: Latin America's perspective
Provedor de dados: Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases
Autores: Gonzalez,Javier M.; Rodriguez,Carlos A.; Agudelo,Maria; Zuluaga,Andres F.; Vesga,Omar.
Abstract The current increment of invasive fungal infections and the availability of new broad-spectrum antifungal agents has increased the use of these agents by non-expert practitioners, without an impact on mortality. To improve efficacy while minimizing prescription errors and to reduce the high monetary cost to the health systems, the principles of pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) are necessary. A systematic review of the PD of antifungals agents was performed aiming at the practicing physician without expertise in this field. The initial section of this review focuses on the general concepts of antimicrobial PD. In vitro studies, fungal susceptibility and antifungal serum concentrations are related with different doses and dosing...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Antifungal agents; Pharmacology; Pharmacodynamics; Pharmacokinetics; Candidiasis; Aspergillosis.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702017000100079

Antiretroviral therapy immunologic non-response in a Brazilian population: association study using pharmaco- and immunogenetic markers
Provedor de dados: Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases
Autores: Coelho,Antonio V.C.; Moura,Ronald R. de; Guimarães,Rafael L.; Brandão,Lucas A.C.; Crovella,Sergio.
ABSTRACT  Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) saved millions from HIV-1 infection and AIDS, but some patients do not experience adequate CD4+ T cells gain despite achieving viral suppression. The genetic component of this condition is not yet completely elucidated.  Objective: To identify predictive genetic markers of immune response to ART.  Methods: Case–control study. Out of 176 HIV-infected patients recruited in the city of Recife, Northeast Brazil, 67 patients with no immunologic response were the cases and the remaining 109 patients who responded were the controls. A set of 94 selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved in antiretroviral drugs pharmacodynamic pathways and immune system homeostasis were genotyped, while the remaining...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: HIV-1; Pharmacodynamics; Immunogenetics; Genetic association study; Survival analysis.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702018000500392

A pharmacodynamic strategy to optimize empirical antibiotic therapy for gram-negative bacteria in a Brazilian Intensive Care Unit
Provedor de dados: Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases
Autores: Kiffer,Carlos R.V.; Kuti,Joseph L.; Mendes,Caio M.F.; Oplustil,Carmen P.; Amarante,Jorge B.; Biancalana,Maria L.; Xavier,Nelson; Nicolau,David P.
Pharmacodynamic analyses were proposed to determine optimal empirical antibiotic therapy against Gram-negative bacteria isolated in a Brazilian ICU. Due to high resistance rates, standard regimens of cefepime, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, and piperacillin/tazobactam were not able to attain significant bactericidal CFR. Prolonged infusion of meropenem achieved 88% CFR, making it a possible empirical regimen in this ICU until susceptibilities become available. Still, even through administration of high dose prolonged infusions, 12.0% of simulated subjects did not achieve bactericidal exposure, suggesting that combination therapy would frequently be required in this setting. In conclusion, we recommend that in the presence of identified resistance problems among...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Pharmacodynamics; Resistance; Carbapenem; Meropenem.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702007000200001

Pharmacodynamic profiling of commonly prescribed antimicrobial drugs against Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract
Provedor de dados: Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases
Autores: Cuba,Gabriel Trova; Pignatari,Antonio Carlos Campos; Patekoski,Katya Silva; Luchesi,Lucimila Jorge; Kiffer,Carlos Roberto Veiga.
Since antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens against current first line agents has affected the management of severe urinary tract infection, we determined the likelihood that antibiotic regimens achieve bactericidal pharmacodynamic exposures using Monte Carlo simulation for five antimicrobials (ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, piperacillin/tazobactam, ertapenem, and meropenem) commonly prescribed as initial empirical treatment of inpatients with severe community acquired urinary tract infections. Minimum inhibitory concentration determination by Etest was performed for 205 Brazilian community urinary tract infection Escherichia coli strains from 2008 to 2012 and 74 E. coli bloodstream strains recovered from a surveillance study. Pharmacodynamic exposure...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Pharmacodynamics; Monte Carlo method; Escherichia coli; Urinary tract infection.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702014000500512

Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships of FTY720 in kidney transplant recipients
Provedor de dados: Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
Autores: Park,S.I.; Felipe,C.R.; Machado,P.G.; Garcia,R.; Skerjanec,A.; Schmouder,R.; Tedesco-Silva Jr.,H.; Medina-Pestana,J.O.
FTY720 is a new and effective immunosuppressive agent, which produces peripheral blood lymphopenia through a lymphocyte homing effect. We investigated the relationship between the dose of FTY720 or blood concentration (pharmacokinetics, PK) and peripheral lymphopenia (pharmacodynamics, PD) in 23 kidney transplant recipients randomized to receive FTY720 (0.25-2.5 mg/day) or mofetil mycophenolate (2 mg/day) in combination with cyclosporine and steroids. FTY720 dose, blood concentrations and lymphocyte counts were determined weekly before and 4 to 12 weeks after transplantation. The effect of PD was calculated as the absolute lymphocyte count or its reductions. PK/PD modeling was used to find the best-fit model. Mean FTY720 concentrations were 0.36 ± 0.05...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: FTY720; Lymphopenia; Pharmacokinetics; Pharmacodynamics; Immunosuppression; Renal transplants.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2005000500005

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propranolol in hypertensive patients after sublingual administration: systemic availability
Provedor de dados: Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
Autores: Mansur,A.P.; Avakian,S.D.; Paula,R.S.; Donzella,H.; Santos,S.R.C.J.; Ramires,J.A.F.
The bioavailability of propranolol depends on the degree of liver metabolism. Orally but not intravenously administered propranolol is heavily metabolized. In the present study we assessed the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sublingual propranolol. Fourteen severely hypertensive patients (diastolic blood pressure (DBP) &lt;FONT FACE="Symbol"&gt;³&lt;/font&gt;115 mmHg), aged 40 to 66 years, were randomly chosen to receive a single dose of 40 mg propranolol hydrochloride by sublingual or peroral administration. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures, heart rate (HR) for pharmacodynamics and blood samples for noncompartmental pharmacokinetics were obtained at baseline and at 10, 20, 30, 60 and 120 min after the single dose. Significant...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Propranolol; Pharmacokinetics; Pharmacodynamics; Arterial hypertension; Sublingual vs peroral administration.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X1998000500014

Employing pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles to optimize antimicrobial treatment in the face of emerging resistance
Provedor de dados: Brazilian Journal of Microbiology
Autores: Santos Filho,Lauro; Kuti,Joseph L.; Nicolau,David P.
Antimicrobial efficacy in vivo is not exclusively defined by the activity of an antibiotic as determined in the in vitro susceptibility test. Knowledge of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antimicrobials and all phenomena occurring between antimicrobial agents and microorganisms is imperative. The pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters most often used in studies of antibiotic effect include the following relationships: the maximum free concentration (fCmax) to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ratio, the free area under the curve (fAUC/MIC) ratio and the duration of time the free concentration exceeds the MIC (fT&gt;MIC). Utilization of known pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic surrogate relationships should help to optimize treatment outcome,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Antibiotic; Bacteria; Pharmacodynamics; Resistance.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822007000200001