Consulta: subjectFacets:"Q23"
Registros recuperados: 128
Data/hora: 01/06/2024 01:07:24

VISITOR PREFERENCES AND VALUES FOR WATER-BASED RECREATION: A CASE STUDY OF THE OCALA NATIONAL FOREST
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Shrestha,   Ram K.; Alavalapati,   Janaki R.R.; Stein,   Taylor V.; Carter,   Douglas R.; Denny,   Christine B.
We used the open-ended contingent valuation method to elicit willingnes to pay (WTP) for day visitors and extended visitors on the Ocala National Forest (ONF), Florida.  A Tobit model specification was applied to account for the issues involved with censored WTP bids.  The results reveal that visitors would pay more for improved recreational facilities at the ONF.  In particular, our estimates show that visitors would pay $1 million for basic facilities, $1.9 million for moderate improvements, and $2.5 million for more improvements.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Tobit analysis; Water-based recreation; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; Q26.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15069

Exploring demand for forestry in Lake Victoria Basin (Western Kenya): An econometric approach
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Jindal,   Rohit.
This paper determines the demand for a forestry program amongst rural households in western Kenya. It is based on a field survey with 277 households, using a stratified random sampling approach. The study follows attribute based method to elicit farmers’ preferences. Demand is measured in terms of additional number of trees that a household is willing to plant under different price schedules, including direct economic incentive to plant new seedlings. The mean willingness to plant new trees per household increases from 44 trees when farmers have to pay 10ksh/seedling, to 244 trees when farmers receive a payment of 10ksh/seedling. The paper uses fixed effects, random effects and random effect tobit models to estimate relevant parameters. Hausman...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Kenya; Lake Victoria; Demand; Tree seedlings; Attribute based method; Demand and Price Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C23; Q23; Q57.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6347

Forest Carbon Sequestration: Some Issues for Forest Investments
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sedjo,   Roger A.
A major problem being faced by human society is that the global temperature is believed to be rising due to human activity that releases carbon dioxide to the atmosphere; i.e., global warming. The major culprit is thought to be fossil fuel burning, which is releasing increasing amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The problem of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide can be addressed a number of ways. One of these is forestry and forest management. This paper examines a number of current issues related to mitigating the global warming problem through forestry. First, the overall carbon cycle is described, and the potential impact of forests on the buildup of atmospheric carbon is examined. A major focus is the means by which forests and forest...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forests; Carbon; Sinks; Sequestration; Forest management; Kyoto Protocol; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q10; Q15; Q21; Q23; Q24.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10571

Are Agricultural Values a Reliable Guide in Determining Landowners’ Decisions to Create Carbon Forest Sinks?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Shaikh,   Sabina L.; Sun,   Lili; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
This research examines the effects of various factors on farmer participation in agricultural tree plantations for economic, environmental, social and carbon-uptake purposes, and potential costs of sequestering carbon through afforestation in western Canada. Using data from a survey of landowners, a discrete choice random utility model is used to determine the probability of landowners’ participation and corresponding mean willingness to accept (WTA) compensation for a tree-planting program. WTA includes positive and negative benefits to landowners from planting trees, benefits not captured by foregone returns from agricultural activities on marginal land. Estimates of WTA are less than foregone returns, but even so average costs of creating carbon credits...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Willingness to accept compensation for tree planting; Afforestation; Climate change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q15; Q23; Q54.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37017

Influencia de politicas ambientales en la captura de carbono por parte de las masas forestales
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Balteiro,   Luis Díaz.
RESUMEN: Desde que recientemente se ha reparado en los ecosistemas forestales como posibles sumideros del CO2 atmosférico, se ha propuesto el establecimiento de masas forestales como medida para reducir las concentraciones de este gas. Esto llevaría a que las plantaciones forestales presentaran objetivos adicionales de carácter ambiental. Bajo la óptica de un propietario privado o un posible inversor en esta clase de activos forestales, estas circunstancias sitúan al centro decisor ante un problema de producción conjunta, diferente al que existía hasta hace poco tiempo. Por otro lado, desde un punto de vista social interesará que la captura de carbono sea máxima.  Se han estudiado dos posibles casos de forestaciones, y los resultados muestran que el...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Forest Economics; Forest Policy.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28757

Conservation Payments, Liquidity Constraints and Off-Farm Labor: Impact of the Grain for Green Program on Rural Households in China
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Uchida,   Emi; Rozelle,   Scott; Xu,   Jintao.
This study evaluates the off-farm labor response of rural households participating in the Grain for Green program in China, the largest conservation set-aside program in the developing world. Using a panel data set that we designed and implemented, we examine the impact of the program on changes in off-farm labor participation between 1999 (pre-program) and 2004 (post-program) using a difference-in-differences approach and several extensions that account for program intensity. We also test whether the program impact is diverse depending on level of physical and human capital of participants.  We find that on average the Grain for Green program has a positive effect on off-farm labor participation. Importantly, however, we find that program effects vary...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Payments for environmental services; Off-farm labor supply; Grain for Green program; China; Program evaluation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; J22; O13; Q23.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9698

Afforestation and Timber Management Compliance Strategies in Climate Policy. A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Michetti,   Melania; Nunes Rosa,   Renato.
This paper analyzes the role of afforestation-reforestation and timber management activities, and their major and secondary economic effects in stabilizing climate during the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol. In particular, with a Computable General Equilibrium framework, the ICES model, it is inferred how forest carbon sequestration fits within the European domestic portfolio of a 2020-20 and 2020-30 climate stabilization policy. Afforestation and land use are accounted for by introducing their effects in the model. This is done by relying on carbon sequestration curves provided by Sohngen (2005), which describe the average annual cost of sequestration for selected world regions. Results show that afforestation and timber management could...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; General Equilibrium Modelling; Forestry; Afforestation; Environmental Economics and Policy; D58; Q23; Q24; Q52; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99641

A Tale of Two Communities: Explaining Deforestation in Mexico
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Alix-Garcia,   Jennifer Marie; de Janvry,   Alain; Sadoulet,   Elisabeth.
Explaining land use change in Mexico requires understanding the behavior of the local institutions involved. We develop two theories to explain deforestation in communities with and without forestry projects, where the former involves a process of side payments to non-members of the community and the latter of partial cooperation among community members. Data collected in 2002 combined with satellite imagery are used to test these theories. For the forestry villages, we establish a positive relationship between the distribution of profits as dividends instead of public goods and forest loss. For communities not engaged in forestry projects, deforestation is largely related to the ability of the community to induce the formation of a coalition of members...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Deforestation; Common property; Partial cooperation; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D70; H41; O13; N56; Q23; Q24.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25066

Consumers' Willingness to Pay for Eco-Certified Wood Products
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Jensen,   Kimberly L.; Jakus,   Paul M.; English,   Burton C.; Menard,   R. Jamey.
We use Kristrom’s simple spike model to assess the factors influencing consumers’ willingness to pay a premium for a variety of certified wood products.  A survey of over 1,600 Pennsylvania and Tennessee residents found that approximately 35% were willing to pay some positive “premium” for environmentally certified wood products.  For three types of weed products (a $28.80 shelf, a $199 chair, and a $799 table), we find the estimated market premiums to be $3.74, $15.94, and $45.07, respectively.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Eco-certification; Eco-labeling; Price premium; Spike models; Q5; Q23.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43452

Science, Politics, and U.S. Forest Law: The Battle over the Forest Service Planning Rule
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Hoberg,   George.
This paper reviews the battles over the Forest Service planning rule that culminated in the November 2000 revising of the regulations implementing the National Forest Management Act. In a departure from the agency's emphasis on multiple use, the rule established ecological sustainability as the key objective guiding planning for the national forests. The supporting material explicitly states that "it is based on the recommendation of an eminent committee of scientists." This paper examines the Committee of Scientists and the NFMA rule as a case study in the relation between science and politics in the development and implementation of statutory standards for management of the National Forest System. The conclusion considerations the broader question of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forest Service; Planning; National Forest Management Act; Committee of Scientists; Multiple use; Sustainability; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; K00; Q23; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10604

Linking Reduced Deforestation and a Global Carbon Market: Impacts on Costs, Financial Flows, and Technological Innovation
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Lubowski,   Ruben N.; Golub,   Alexander; Markandya,   Anil.
Discussions over tropical deforestation are currently at the forefront of climate change policy negotiations at national, regional, and international levels.  This paper analyzes the effects of linking Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) to a global market for greenhouse gas emission reductions.  We supplement a global climate-energy-economy model with alternative cost estimates for reducing deforestation emissions in order to examine a global program for stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations at 550 ppmv of CO2 equivalent.  Introducing REDD reduces global forestry emissions through 2050 by 20-22% in the Brazil-only case and by 64-88% in the global REDD scenarios.  At the same time, REDD lowers the total costs of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon market; Climate change; Innovation; Mitigation; Policy costs; Offsets; Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD); Technological change; Tropical deforestation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q24; Q42; Q52; Q54; Q55.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52544

Effects of Low-cost Offsets on Energy Investment – New Perspectives on REDD –
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Golub,   Alexander; Fuss,   Sabine; Szolgayova,   Jana; Obersteiner,   Michael.
Tropical deforestation is one of the major sources of carbon emissions, but the Kyoto Protocol presently excludes avoiding these specific emissions to fulfill stabilization targets. Since the 13th Conference of the Parties (COP) to the UNFCCC in 2007, where the need for policy incentives for the reduction of emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) was first officially recognized, the focus of this debate has shifted to issues of implementation and methodology. One question is how REDD would be financed, which could be solved by integrating REDD credits into existing carbon markets. However, concern has been voiced regarding the effects that the availability of cheap REDD credits might have on energy investments and the development of clean...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Real Options; Energy Investment; Cap-And-Trade; REDD; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q28.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50402

Valuation of Carbon Forestry and the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme: A Real Options Approach Using the Binomial Tree Method
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Tee,   James; Scarpa,   Riccardo; Marsh,   Dan; Guthrie,   Graeme.
Under the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme, new forests planted on/after 1st January 1990 can earn carbon credits. These credits have to be repaid upon forest harvest. This paper analyses the effects of this carbon scheme on the valuation of bareland, on which radiata pine is to be planted. NPV/LEV and Real Options methods are employed, assuming stochastic timber and carbon prices. Valuation increases significantly and rotation age is likely to be lengthened. We include a scenario analysis of potential implications of rotation age lengthening on carbon stock management in New Zealand.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS); Climate change policy; Kyoto Protocol; Real options; Carbon forestry; Tradable permit; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Q23; Q28; Q54.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123665

Paying for Avoided Deforestation - Should We Do It?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sohngen,   Brent.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94502

Estimating Co-benefits of Agricultural Climate Policy in New Zealand:  A Catchment-Level Analysis
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Daigneault,   Adam J.; Greenhalgh,   Suzie; Samarasinghe,   Oshadhi; Sinclair,   Robyn.
This paper uses an economic catchment model to assess changes in land use, enterprise distribution, greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient loading levels from a series of policies that introduce carbon prices or nutrient reduction caps on land-based production in the Hurunui Catchment in Canterbury, New Zealand. At $20/tCO2e, net revenue for the catchment is reduced by 7% from baseline levels while GHGs are reduced by 3%. At $40/ tCO2e, net revenue is reduced by 15% while GHGs are reduced by 21%. Nitrogen and phosphorous loading levels within the catchment were also reduced when landowners face a carbon price, thus providing other benefits to the environment. Additional scenarios in this paper assess the impacts from developing a large-scale irrigation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture and Forestry Modeling; Land Use; Climate Policy; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Water Quantity; Water Quality; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q24; Q25; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103855

Managing Forests for Sustainable Economic Development: Optimal Use and Conservation of Forests
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
The conservation of natural forests contributes significantly to the goal of achieving sustainable economic development. There is, however, growing concern that natural forests (which provide tangible and intangible economic benefits to humankind) are being lost at a rate which (combined with other factors) seriously threatens sustainable economic development because of the environmental and social impacts of such loss. There is little doubt that in order to achieve sustainable development, multifunctional forest ecosystems (as well as other important ecosystems) need to be managed appropriately. However, determining the socially optimal level of conservation and use of forests is a challenging task. From a human point of view, it is clearly not optimal to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Discount rates; Ecosystem services; Environmental conservation; Forests; Intergenerational equity; Multifunctionality; Resource economics; Sustainable development; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q20; Q23; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90465

Abatement and Transaction Costs of Carbon-Sink Projects Involving Smallholders
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Cacho,   Oscar J.; Lipper,   Leslie.
Agroforestry projects have the potential to help mitigate global warming by acting as sinks for greenhouse gasses. However, participation in carbon-sink projects may be constrained by high costs. This problem may be particularly severe for projects involving smallholders in developing countries. Of particular concern are the transaction costs incurred in developing projects, measuring, certifying and selling the carbon-sequestration services generated by such projects. This paper addresses these issues by analysing the implications of transaction and abatement costs in carbon-sequestration projects. A model of project participation is developed, which accounts for the conditions under which both buyers and sellers would be willing to engage in a carbon...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agroforestry; Climate Policy; Carbon Sequestration Costs; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q57; O1; O13.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9324

Modeling Carbon Leakages with Forestation Policies
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: de Gorter,   Harry; Drabik,   Dusan; Just,   David R.
This paper analyzes carbon leakage due to reduced emissions from deforestation (RED). We find that leakage with RED is good because the policy induces afforestation that contributes to a further carbon sequestration. By ignoring the domestic component of carbon leakage, the literature can either overestimate or underestimate leakage, depending on the magnitudes of the numerator and the denominator of the leakage formulas. Unlike the literature, we include the land and agricultural markets in the analysis of carbon leakage with forestation policies. In this model, carbon leakage depends on: (1) supply and demand elasticities of timber production and consumption, respectively in the country introducing a RED policy (Home country) and in the rest of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Carbon leakage; Forestry; Reduced emissions from deforestation; Afforestation; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; Q24; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114450

Bio-energy from Mountain Pine Beetle Timber and Forest Residuals: The Economics Story
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Niquidet,   Kurt; Stennes,   Brad; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
In light of the large volumes of pine killed in the Interior forests in British Columbia by the mountain pine beetle, many are keen to employ forest biomass as an energy source. To assess the feasibility of a wood biomass-fired power plant in the BC Interior it is necessary to know both how much physical biomass might be available over the life of a plant, but also its location because transportation costs are likely to be a major operating cost for any facility. To address these issues, we construct a mathematical programming model of fiber flows in the Quesnel Timber Supply Area of BC over a 25-year time horizon. The focus of the model is on minimizing the cost of supplying feedstock throughout space and time. Results indicate that over the life of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forest economics; Biomass and bio-energy; Forest pests; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q23; Q42.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45476

Lessons for the Forest Service from State Trust Land Management Experience
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Fairfax,   Sally.
This paper argues that state trust land management experience is potentially a source of valuable insights and examples for the U.S. Forest Service. The paper sketches historic and current trends in public resource administration to define what constitutes useful new ideas which might aid the agency in its present crisis. In spite of being this nation's oldest approach to public resource management, the state trust lands are an appropriate source of new ideas in an era in which, the paper suggests: (1) the courts are receding as a major source of executive accountability, (2) the legitimacy of federal agencies, particularly those whose authority is rooted in science, is declining, and (3) the institutional framework for public resource management is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: State; Trust principles; Non-delegation; Arbitrary and capricious; Prudence; Portfolio; Risk management; Institutional flexibility; Land Economics/Use; H41; H39; N5; Q23; Q28.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10780

MODELING ECOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS ON TROPICAL  FOREST MANAGEMENT: COMMENT
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Barrett,   Christopher B.; Batabyal,   Amitrajeet A.
We comment on four aspects of Albers' [1] model of ecological constraints on tropical forest management. Albers structures her model in a highly asymmetric manner, with strong, uniform biases against development and in favor of preservation. Despite Albers' repeated claims that her model is "complete" and that it has significant implications for tropical forest management, we contend instead that the results of a truly general, empirically defensible model are inherently ambiguous. Spatial and intertemporal dimensions clearly matter, but they do not point as neatly in favor of preservation as Albers would have us believe.  Note:  Forthcoming in Journal of Environmental Economics and Management
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forest; Interdependence; Irreversibility; Management; Uncertainty; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D81; Q15; Q23.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28371

Biotechnology's Potential Contribution to Global Wood Supply and Forest Conservation
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sedjo,   Roger A.
Over the past 30 years, industrial plantation forests have become a major supplier of industrial wood. There are several reasons for this, including the improved economics of planted forests due to biotechnological innovations, the increases in natural forest wood costs due to increasing inaccessibility, and rising wood costs from natural forests due to new environmental restrictions related to logging. Forestry today is on the threshold of the widespread introduction of biotechnology into its operational practices. In many cases, the biotechnology likely to be introduced is simply an extension of that being utilized in agriculture, such as herbicide-tolerant genes. However, biotechnology in forestry also is developing applications unique to forestry,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Breeding; Forestry; Tree plantations; Timber; Fiber; Genes; GMOs; Industrial wood; Economics; Benefits; Costs; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q21; Q23; Q16; O32; L73.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10708

Invasive Species Control over Space and Time:  Miconia calvescens on Oahu, Hawaii
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Burnett,   Kimberly M.; Kaiser,   Brooks A.; Roumasset,   James A.
The optimal size and location of an invasive species population depend upon spatially differentiated biological growth, economic costs, and damages.  Although largely absent from most economic models, spatial considerations matter because the likelihood and magnitude of the invasion vary spatially and the threatened assets may be unevenly distributed across space.  We map the current and future populations of an invasive species, Miconia calvescens, on Oahu, Hawaii, and the potential damages to water quantity, quality, and endangered-species habitat, and weigh these against treatment costs.  We find that optimal densities vary from approximately 1% to 18% cover throughout the island.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Geographical Information Systems; Hawaii; Invasive species; Miconia calvescens; Oahu; Spatial analysis; Watershed; Q23; Q25; Q28; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37274

Linking Forests and Economic Well-Being: A Four-Quadrant Approach
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Wang,   Sen; DesRoches,   C. Tyler; Sun,   Lili; Stennes,   Brad; Wilson,   Bill; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
This paper has three main objectives: (1) to investigate whether the four-quadrant approach introduced by Maini (2003) reveals a useful typology for grouping countries by GDP and forest cover per capita, (2) to determine if the framework can enhance our understanding of the relationship between forest cover and GDP per capita, and (3) to investigate why countries in the four-quadrant world occupy different quadrants, and to determine the principal factors affecting country-movement across and within the individual quadrants. The examination reveals that countries can be classified into four broad categories, and that GDP and forest cover per capita have a low but consistent level of negative association. After regressing economic, institutional, social...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic well-being; Forest cover; Institutions; Corruption; Education; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; G00; I20; Q23.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37036

MALMQUIST DEA INDEX ANALYSIS WITH AN ORIENTED OUTPUT APPLIED TO THE FOREST ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN NICARAGUA 1998-2005
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Zúniga-González,   Carlos Alberto.
Presented at: NATIONAL AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY OF NICARAGUA, LEON IV AGROFOREST SYMPOSIUM “CONTRIBUTION TO THE AGROFOREST SYSTEM OF SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF THE LAND, FOR MITIGATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION” 05 – 06 NOVEMBER 2009
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Malmquist Index; Technological Change; Technical Efficiency Change; Returns scale efficiency change; Total factors productivity; LSMS-ISA MECOVI; Productivity Analysis; D61; Q12; Q23; R38.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56198

Deforestation
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Folmer,   Henk; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q10; Q23; Q58; R14.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37035

An Analysis of Global Timber Markets
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sohngen,   Brent; Mendelsohn,   Robert; Sedjo,   Roger A.; Lyon,   Kenneth S.
This paper presents a model of global timber markets that captures the evolution of a broad array of forest resources and timber market margins over time. These margins include the inaccessible northern and tropical margins, plantation establishment, and timberland management. A baseline case is presented and discussed. Five alternative scenarios are then presented. These scenarios allow us to consider several important questions about timber market behavior and the future supply of industrial fiber: (1) What happens along the northern and the tropical inaccessible margins? (2) What role do timber plantations play? and (3) How do shifts in management intensity interact with market forces? The baseline case suggests that both prices and harvests rise over...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Global timber markets; Forest plantations; Model; Forecast; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q10; Q21; Q23; Q24.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10449

The Forest Sector: Important Innovations
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sedjo,   Roger A.
Unlike other resources such as petroleum, coal, and copper, forests are renewable. Yet, in many respects forests historically have been treated as a nonrenewable resource in that forest stocks were depleted or "mined" and loggers moved on to exploit other "deposits." The lands were often put to other uses, typically agricultural, or allowed to regenerate naturally. This paper looks at technical change in forest extraction, i.e., logging under a number of different conditions. It finds that, on average, labor productivity has been increasing in recent decades. However, total factor productivity in the US has declined in recent years. In addition, the study examines the tree-growing potential of plantation forestry. It finds that there is underway a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Productivity; Resources; Forests; Timber; Technology; Innovations; Plantations; Logging; Genetics; Extraction; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O31; O32; O50; O51; Q23.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10667

Economics of Forest and Agricultural Carbon Sinks
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q10; Q23; Q27; Q54.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37013

Practical Issues Concerning Temporary Carbon Credits in the CDM
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Dutschke,   Michael; Schlamadinger,   Bernhard.
Afforestation and reforestation (AR) projects in the Clean Development Mechanism are able to create emission permits that can be accounted against the industrialized countries' commitments for limiting their greenhouse gas emissions, as agreed under the Kyoto Protocol. The discussion of how to treat credits from temporary carbon stocks is centering on the proposal for expiring emission credits from AR, which in the subsequent commitment period need to be replaced. While the basic methodological question is thus being solved, the practicalities arising from the solution have so far not been considered. The authors make new proposals on accounting modalities, define the tCER value as compared to a permanent CER, and forecast who will be the potential buyers...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Clean Development Mechanism; Forestry; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q25; Q13.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26241

Forest Carbon Sinks: European Union, Japanese, and Canadian Approaches
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Amano,   Masahiro; Sedjo,   Roger A.
This report compares the approaches of the governments of Japan, Canada, and the European Union member countries toward using carbon sinks to meet their respective Kyoto Protocol carbon reduction targets. Various policies have been proposed by which governments can sequester carbon by promoting afforestation and reforestation, slowing deforestation, and undertaking forest management activities under Articles 3.3 and 3.4. At this time, carbon emissions reduction programs are still under development, both within individual countries and within the context of the protocol. Although some of the details have been worked out, concrete definitions are often still lacking, especially as regards impermanence of forests, additionality, leakage, and socioeconomic and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate; Sinks; Kyoto Protocol; Forestry; Canada; Japan; European Union; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; F01; Q23; Q28; Q48.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10913

Private Forest Landowners’ Response to Incentives for Carbon Sequestration
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Kim,   Taeyoung; Langpap,   Christian.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Intermediate Forest Management; Carbon Sequestration; Incentive Payments; Price of Carbon; NIPF; Fuel Treatment; Fertilization; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Q23; Q54.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124362

Institutions and Forest Management: A Case Study from Swat, Pakistan
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Gideon,   Kruseman; Lorenzo,   Pellegrini.
Deforestation in the North western part of Pakistan is a long standing problem. The Forestry Department, as formal managers of the forest resources, has been undergoing a long reform process aimed at improving its performance. This reform process has not resulted in less deforestation. From the policy perspective this has been leading to stated intentions to further reform the Forestry Department, the question is whether organizational reform is the answer. We think there are more limiting bottlenecks to sustainable forest management in Pakistan. De facto property rights are not as simple as denoted by statutory law. In this article we explore the mechanisms behind the deforestation and try to uncover mechanisms to reverse the process. Although our...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: New institutional Economics; Corruption; Forestry; Swat; Q23; Q58.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37669

Firefights and Fuel Management: A Nested Rotation Model for Wildfire Risk Mitigation
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Lankoande,   Mariam D.; Yoder,   Jonathan K.
Scientists and policymakers are increasingly aware that wildfire management efforts should be broadened beyond the century-long emphasis on suppression to include more effective efforts at fuel management. Because wildfire risks change over time as vegetation matures, fuel management can be viewed as a timing problem, much like timber harvest itself. We develop a nested rotation model to examine the fuel treatment timing issue in the context of a forest environment with both timber value and non-timber values-at-risk. Simulations are performed for a ponderosa pine forest and discussed with a focus on three important aspects of wildfire management: 1) the economic tradeoffs between fuel treatments, suppression, and timber harvest 2) the effects of public...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wildfire; Fuels management; Fire suppression; Optimal rotation; Wildfire economics.; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; D81.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12959

REDD in the Carbon Market: A General Equilibrium Analysis
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Bosello,   Francesco; Eboli,   Fabio; Parrado,   Ramiro; Rosa,   Renato.
Deforestation is a major source of CO2 emissions, accounting for around 17% of total annual anthropogenic carbon release. While the cost estimates of reducing deforestation rates vary considerably depending on model assumptions, it is widely accepted that emissions reductions from avoided deforestation consist of a relatively low cost mitigation option. Halting deforestation is therefore not only a major ecological challenge, but also a great opportunity to cost effectively reduce climate change negative impacts. In this paper we analyze the impact of introducing avoided deforestation credits into the European carbon market using a multiregional Computable General Equilibrium model – the ICES model (Inter-temporal Computable Equilibrium System). Taking...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forestry; Avoided Deforestation; Climate Change; Emission Trading; General Equilibrium Modelling; Environmental Economics and Policy; D58; Q23; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98100

Designing REDD+ Schemes to Address Permanence Concerns: Empirical Evidence from Kenya
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Veronesi,   Marcella; Schlondorn,   Tim; Zabel,   Astrid; Engel,   Stefanie.
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) is an important topic in the debate on policies to mitigate climate change. This is the first study to test and compare the environmental impact of different REDD+ payment schemes in the field, and provide some insights on the effectiveness of different policies with respect to the permanence of forest-based emission reductions. This study implements a stated preference experiment of time allocation in the unique setting of the Kasigau Corridor REDD+ Project in Kenya, where charcoaling is a major source of forest degradation. The impact on time allocation is analyzed under the presumption that a hypothetical agricultural policy or an eco-charcoaling policy was introduced. We find that a...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: REDD; Permanence; Deforestation; Labor; Kenya; International Development; I38; J22; O13; Q18; Q23; Q28; Q56.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124131

Biological Carbon Sinks: Transaction Costs and Governance
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Activities that remove CO2 from the atmosphere and store it in forest and agricultural ecosystems can generate CO2-offset credits that can thus substitute for CO2 emissions reduction. Are biological CO2-uptake activities competitive with CO2 offsets from reduced fossil fuel use? In this paper, it is argued that transaction costs impose a formidable obstacle to direct substitution of carbon uptake offsets for emissions reduction in trading schemes, and that separate caps should be set for emissions reduction and sink-related activities. While a tax/subsidy scheme is preferred to emissions trading for incorporating biologically-generated CO2 offsets, contracts that focus on the activity and not the amount of carbon sequestered are most likely to lead to the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Transaction costs; Climate change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q54; Q23; Q42; H23; D23.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45505

Economic Valuation of Forest Ecosystem Services: Methodology and Monetary Estimates
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Chiabai,   Aline; Travisi,   Chiara M.; Ding,   Helen; Markandya,   Anil; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
By using ad hoc value transfer protocols, this paper offers a methodological contribution and provides accurate per hectare estimates of the economic value of some selected ecosystem services for all forest biomes in the world, identified following the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment taxonomy MEA. The research also estimates potential total economic losses from policy inaction in year 2050. Final results show that total losses are significant. The total figure is €78 billion, the greatest losses coming from North America and Mexico, followed by Africa, Russia and some Asiatic countries. Most of this loss is attributable to provisioning services and carbon sequestration, while only a minor part is due to loss of cultural services. In terms of biomes the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forest; Ecosystem Services; Biodiversity; Valuation; Value Transfer; Environmental Economics and Policy; O13; Q23; Q26; Q51; Q54; Q57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50361

Ownership Risk, Investment, and the Use of Natural Resources
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Bohn,   Henning; Deacon,   Robert T.
The effect of insecure ownership on ordinary investment and on the exploitation of natural resources is examined. Insecure ownership is characterized as a positive probability that a typical asset or its future return will be confiscated. For empirical analysis, the probability of confiscation is modeled as a function of observable political attributes of countries, principally the type of government regime in power (democratic versus nondemocratic) and the prevalence of political violence or instability. A general index of ownership security is estimated from the political determinants of economy wide investment rates, and then introduced into models of petroleum and forest use. Ownership risk is found to have a significant, and quantitatively important...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ownership security; Investment; Resource conservation; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q32; Q23; O00.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10710

Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry: Economic Perspectives
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Economists are rarely brought into the interdisciplinary research until the biophysical scientists have developed their models, made their measurements or completed their research task. The research economist is then brought in to do what amounts to a consulting task – provide some numbers that indicate impacts on the economy and employment. In this paper, I begin by illustrating cases from forestry where this leads to erroneous and costly policy outcomes. However, the main objective of this paper is to examine the role of genetic engineering in forestry and agriculture. In forestry, planting of genetically-modified (GM) tree species is nearly non-existent, with the exception of hybrid poplar that is used to produce pulp or fuel. However, as explored here,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Precautionary principle; Economics of genetically-modified organisms; Agriculture and forestry; Mountain pine beetle; Agricultural and Food Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; O32; Q11; Q18; Q23.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107480

Optimal Conservation Policy under Imperfect Intergenerational Altruism
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Di Corato,   Luca.
In this paper we study the optimal forest conservation policy by a hyperbolically discounting society. Society comprises a series of non-overlapping imperfectly altruistic generations each represented by its own government. Under uncertainty about future pay-offs we determine, as solution of an intergenerational dynamic game, the optimal timing of irreversible harvest. Earlier harvest occurs and the option value attached to the forest clearing decision is eroded under both the assumptions of naïve and sophisticated belief about future time-preferences. This results in a bias toward the current generation gratification which affects the intergenerational allocation of benefits and costs from harvesting and conserving a natural forest.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Imperfect altruism; Real Options; Hyperbolic Discounting; Time Inconsistency; Natural Resources Management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D81; C70; Q23; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114440

Modeling Linkages Between Climate Policy and Land Use: An Overview
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: van der Werf,   Edwin; Peterson,   Sonja.
Agriculture and forestry play an important role in emitting and storing greenhouse gases. For an efficient and cost-effective climate policy it is therefore important to explicitly include land use, land use change, and forestry (LULUCF) in economy-climate models. This paper gives an overview and assessment of existing approaches to include land use, land-use change, and forestry into climate-economy models or to link economy-climate models to land-use models.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Climate Policy; Modeling; Land Use; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q23; Q24; Q25; Q42.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9545

Population Growth and Land Use Dynamics along Urban–Rural Gradient
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Polyakov,   Maksym; Zhang,   Daowei.
In this study we apply a spatial conditional logit model to determine factors influencing land cover change in three contiguous counties in West Georgia between 1992 and 2001 using point (pixel) based observations of land characteristics. We found that accessibility to population and population growth affect not only development of rural lands and transition between agricultural and forestry uses, but also influence changes between forest types. The model could be used to project land use–land cover change at watershed or subwatershed level and thus serve as a valuable tool for county and city planners.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Conditional logit; Land use change; Population gravity index; Spatial lag; Agribusiness; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Q15; Q23; R14.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47205

Transgenic Trees: Implementation and Outcomes of the Plant Protection Act
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sedjo,   Roger A.
The responsibility for protecting U.S. agriculture from pests and diseases is assigned by the Federal Plant Pest Act (FPPA) to the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the Department of Agriculture. The Plant Protection Act (Title 7 U.S.C. Sections 7701 et seq.) gives Aphis statutory authority over genetically modified organisms (GMO), in effect assigning to APHIS a related responsibility of determining whether a genetically altered plant, crop, or tree is likely to pose unacceptable risks to the environment. Although APHIS has considerable experience with crop plants, it has only limited experience with trees. Yet the possible benefits of applying genetic engineering to trees are substantial and include industrial wood production and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forestry; Biotechnology; Transgenic; Tree plantations; Timber supply; Genes; GMOs; Industrial wood; Economics; Regulations; Costs; Benefits; Conservation; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q21; Q23; Q16; O32; L73.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10629

Does Community Involvement Matter? How Collective Choice Affects Forests in Mexico
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Antinori,   Camille; Rausser,   Gordon C.
Current natural resource policy emphasizes devolved control to local levels of government and stakeholder groups. Effective strategies are as yet unclear, given mixed results in devolutionary efforts and few empirical analyses. Using original community-level survey data from Oaxaca, Mexico, a region with 90% common property forestland, the study describes how existing community governance structures accommodate an increasing local role in managing forest land. Multidimensional performance indicators for forest condition and group rule conformance are constructed and regressed on measures of democratic involvement and attendance rate at general meetings within the community setting. Empirical results show that community officials and foresters working...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O17; Q23.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25076

Avaliação das pesquisas e inovações tecnológicas ocorridas na silvicultura e na produção industrial de celulose no Brasil
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Montebello,   Adriana Estela Sanjuan; Bacha,   Carlos Jose Caetano.
This paper aims to analyze the evolution of research and technological innovations that have taken in forest and pulp industrial areas, and emphasizes their possible impacts on the competitiveness of the Brazilian pulp industry. First, primary and secondary data are used to evaluate the main types of research and technological innovations and, in sequence, it is evaluated the importance of technological innovations that have contributed to the expansion of the Brazilian pulp industry in the pulp world market. Technological innovations in forest and industrial areas in the Brazilian pulp industry have brought significant increases of forest and industrial productivities, leading to reduction of pulp production cost. Consequently, profitability of the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Pulp; Research; Technological innovations; Silviculture.; Agribusiness; Q16; Q23.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60810

Biotechnology and Planted Forests: Assessment of Potential and Possibilities
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sedjo,   Roger A.
This paper addresses the potential impact of the introduction and development of biotechnology on planted forests. It includes a description of some recent innovations in forestry including the use of traditional breeding, and also more recent innovations involving biotechnology, including the development of clonal propagation and the use of modern molecular biology techniques. In addition to describing these innovations, the paper undertakes an assessment of their probable impact on future production of the forest industry, on the global timber supply, and on future markets for timber and wood products. The paper offers a description of recent innovations in tree breeding and biotechnology, including a discussion of innovations in agriculture that have...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Plantation forests; Genetic modification; Genetic research; Economic benefits; Transgenic; GMO; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q21; Q23; Q16; O32; L73.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10862

El Nino, Ice Storms, and the Market for Residential Fuelwood in Eastern Canada and the Northeastern U.S.
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Jagger,   Pamela; White,   William; Sedjo,   Roger A.
Extreme weather events such as the ice storm that affected eastern Canada and the Northeastern US in January of 1998 have significant impacts on both human populations and forests. One of the questions currently facing climate scientists is whether or not better forecasting of such events would lessen the economic impacts borne by households, industry, agricultural producers and the public sector when such weather events occur. This case study examines the economic impacts of the ice storm on the residential market for fuelwood. It is hypothesized that demand for fuelwood will increase due to the failure of non-wood heating sources during the ice storm. In addition, damage to trees in the region should increase the supply of fuelwood; the net effect of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Fuelwood; El Nino; Ice storm; Forest management; Extreme weather event; Climate forecasting; Forest policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D1; D13; Q2; Q21; Q23; Q42.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10535

ECONOMIC VALUE OF THE CARBON SINK SERVICES OF TROPICAL SECONDARY FORESTS AND ITS MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ramirez,   Octavio A.; Carpio,   Carlos E.; Ortiz,   Rosalba; Finnegan,   Brian.
This paper explores the economic feasibility secondary forest regeneration and conservation as an alternative to help address global warming. Detailed measurements of tropical secondary forests through time, in different ecological zones of Costa Rica, are used for estimating carbon storage models. The paper addresses key issues in the international discussion about cross- and within-country compensation for carbon storage services and illustrates a method to compute/predict their economic value through time under a variety of scenarios. The procedure is applicable to other developing countries where secondary forest growth is increasingly important.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tropical Forests; Carbon Sequestration; Global Warming; Activities Implemented Jointly.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21776

Carbon Sequestration in Forest Ecosystems as a Strategy for Mitigating Climate Change
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Wang,   Yichuan; Laaksonen-Craig,   Susanna.
Under Kyoto, forestry activities that sequester carbon can be used to create CO2 offset credits that could obviate the need for lifestyle-changing reductions in fossil fuel use. Credits are earned by storing carbon in forest ecosystems and wood products, although CO2 emissions are also mitigated by delaying deforestation, which accounts for one-quarter of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Non-permanent carbon offsets from forest activities are difficult to compare with each other and with mitigation strategies because they differ in how long they prevent CO2 from entering the atmosphere. In this paper, we investigate issues of carbon sequestration in detail, but in particular we expand in comprehensive fashion on earlier work comparing carbon mitigation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Carbon offset credits from forestry activities; Meta-regression analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q54; R15; Q23; Q27.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9931

Comparacion de la ordenacion contingente y del experimento de eleccion en la valoracion de las funciones no privadas de los bosques
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Amoros,   Joan Mogas; Riera,   Pere.
RESUMEN: En este trabajo se presenta una comparación entre dos métodos de valoración de preferencias declaradas: la ordenación contingente y el experimento de elección. Se incluye una aplicación empírica en la que se valoran los impactos que una determinada forestación de terrenos agrícolas en Cataluña tendría sobre la función recreativa, de absorción de CO2 y de protección frente a la erosión de los bosques. Los resultados muestran diferencias entre los valores obtenidos a partir de los dos métodos, siendo los del método de elección significativamente mayores. Además, esta divergencia se mantiene cuando se comparan observaciones pairwise obtenidas directamente a través del método de elección con las simulaciones pairwise procedentes de la ordenación...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental valuation; Contingent ranking; Choice experiment; Afforestation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; C90.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28741

What Makes Mountain Pine Beetle a Tricky Pest? Difficult Decisions when Facing Beetle Attack in a Mixed Species Forest
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Bogle,   Tim; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
The pine forest of British Columbia is undergoing its largest recorded pest epidemic. The damage caused by native mountain pine beetle creates difficulties for the public owner of the resource, which is interested in protecting future timber supply while salvaging dead and dying pine. This paper addresses two problems that have often been over-looked: the variability and timing of beetle attack, and the variability of pine inventory in each stand. Management controls are limited to the annual rate of harvest and timber product outputs are based on shelf life – the length of time infested timber can still be used to produce lumber. Using mathematical programming to schedule harvest, we introduce a novel objective function based on the maximization of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Optimal timber supply; Catastrophic disturbance; Shelf life of damaged trees; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117439

Carbon Leakage with Forestation Policies
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: de Gorter,   Harry; Drabik,   Dusan; Just,   David R.
This paper analyzes carbon leakage due to reduced emissions from deforestation (RED). We find that leakage with RED is good because the policy induces afforestation that contributes to a further carbon sequestration. By ignoring the domestic component of carbon leakage, the literature can either overestimate or underestimate leakage, depending on the magnitudes of the numerator and the denominator of the leakage formulas. Unlike the literature, we include the land and agricultural markets in the analysis of carbon leakage with forestation policies. In this model, carbon leakage depends on: (1) supply and demand elasticities of timber production and consumption, respectively in the country introducing a RED policy (Home country) and in the rest of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Carbon leakage; Forestry; Reduced emissions from deforestation; Afforestation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q23; Q24; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103797

Improving Land-use modelling within CGE to assess Forest-based Mitigation Potential and Costs
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Michetti,   Melania; Parrado,   Ramiro.
We present a computable general equilibrium model properly modified to analyse the potential role of the European forestry sector within climate mitigation. Improvements on database and modelling frameworks allow accounting for land heterogeneity across and within regions and for land transfers between agriculture, grazing, and forestry. The forestry sector has been modified to track carbon mitigation potential from both intensive and extensive forest margins, which have been calibrated according to a forest sectoral model. Two sets of climate policies are simulated. In a first scenario, Europe is assumed to commit unilaterally to reduce CO2 emissions by 20% and 30%, by 2020. In a second scenario, in addition to the emissions quotas, progressively higher...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Climate Mitigation; General Equilibrium Modelling; Forestry; Environmental Economics and Policy; D58; Q23; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122862

What are the social impacts of land use restrictions on local communities? Empirical evidence from Costa Rica
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Andam,   Kwaw S.; Ferraro,   Paul J.; Holland,   Margaret B.
Global efforts to reduce deforestation rely heavily on protected areas and land use restrictions.  The effect of these restrictions on local communities is currently the subject of heated debate among conservation and development experts.  Measuring the social impacts of protected areas is difficult because the effects cannot be isolated from other factors, given the nonrandom placement of protection.  We address this problem by applying a quasi-experimental approach to establish the counterfactual (“what would have been the socioeconomic outcome if a protected area had not been established?”).  We use matching methods to measure the impacts of pre-1980 protected areas in Costa Rica on socioeconomic outcomes in 2000.  In 2000, neighboring communities near...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Forest conservation; Social impacts; Quasi-experimental methods; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C14; O13; Q23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51783

Long Term Versus Temporary Certified Emission Reductions in Forest Carbon-Sequestration Programs
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Galinato,   Gregmar I.; Olanie,   Aaron; Uchida,   Shinsuke; Yoder,   Jonathan K.
Under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol, forest projects can receive returns for carbon sequestration via two credit instruments: temporary (tCERs) or long-term certified emission reductions (lCERs). This article develops a theoretical model of optimal harvesting strategies that compares private optimal harvest decision under these two instruments. We find that risk neutral landowners are likely to prefer instituting lCERs over tCERs to maximize surplus. A particular type of early harvest penalty implemented under the lCERs is critical in determining the length of rotation intervals and the carbon credit supply. When this penalty is an increasing function of the difference in biomass before and after harvesting across verification...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forest rotation; Long term certified emission reductions (lCERs); Carbon sequestration; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q2; Q54; Q23.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60744

Marion Clawson's Contribution to Forestry
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sedjo,   Roger A.
Marion Clawson passed away in April 1998 at the age of 92. He was a giant in the field of resource and environmental economics who devoted the last decade and one-half of his professional career to forest and forest related issues. He produced over 30 professional books and hundreds of papers. This paper presents a broad overview of his career as an economist, with a focus on his work in and influence on forestry and forest policy. From the early 1970s through to his last professional book in 1983, and his final professional contributions in the mid 1990s, Clawson devoted most of his professional efforts to forest issues. His influence on forests and forest policy was substantial, especially in the context of public policy toward America's publicly owned...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marion Clawson; Forest; Economics; Resources; Policy; Timber; Recreation; History; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; B31; Q10; Q20; Q23; Q24; Q26; Q28.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10755

Determinants of Forestry Investment and Extent of Forestry Expansion by Smallholders in New Zealand
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Dhakal,   Bhubaneswor; Bigsby,   Hugh R.; Cullen,   Ross.
While there has been a large increase in investment in plantation forestry in New Zealand by smallholders during the past decade, there are still many smallholders who have chosen not to become involved in this land use or who are using only a portion of their potentially planted land for forestry.  To understand why this is the case, this paper studies two issues, the differences between those who have and have not established plantation forests, and the factors that explain the proportion of land used in forestry by small landholders who have identified that they have potentially plantable land.  Land used for forest plantations is treated as a two-step decision process, where first a landowner must decide whether they would consider planting trees at...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Forestry investment; Land use change; Non-industrial forests; Double hurdle model; Land Economics/Use; Q15; Q23.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50016

Effects of Forestland Ownership Conversion on Greenhouse Gas Emissions: The Case of South Korea
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Cho,   Seong-Hoon; Kim,   Hee Ho; Roberts,   Roland K.; Kim,   Seung Gyu; Lee,   Daegoon.
This research analyzed the effects of forestland conversion from private to public ownership on greenhouse gas emissions by quantifying the relationship between forestland ownership conversion and deforestation, and then examining the effects of the change in deforestation on greenhouse gas emissions in South Korea. Ex ante simulations forecast greenhouse gas emissions resulting from deforestation rates under the current level of national forestland and three scenarios of increased percentages of national forestland. The findings suggest that increasing the percentage of national forestland would mitigate the increase in the deforestation rate, which in turn would moderate the increase in greenhouse gas emissions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse gas emissions; Forestland Ownership; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q15; Q23; Q24; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103714

Aproximacion a las perdidas economicas ocasionadas a corto plazo por los incendios forestales en Galicia en 2006
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Barrio,   Melina; Loureiro,   Maria L.; Chas,   Maria Luisa.
Resumen Este estudio cuantifica parte de las pérdidas económicas a corto plazo o inmediatas (excluyendo las de uso pasivo) ocasionadas por los incendios forestales de Galicia ocurridos en el 2006. El modelo de análisis se basa en la estimación económica de los servicios ecosistémicos perdidos debido a los incendios ocurridos. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que los daños a corto plazo (desde agosto-diciembre 2006) reflejados en las partidas cuantificadas se aproximan a los 300 millones de euroes (dependiendo del escenario de análisis).     ABSTRACT This study quantifies part of the short-term or immediate economic losses (excluding the non-use or pasive losses) caused by the wildfires in Galicia during 2006. The background of the empirical work is...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Wildfires; Economic losses; Ecosystem services; Incendios forestales; Perdidas economicas; Servicios ecosistemicos; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; N50; Q23.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7056

Payment For Forest Environmental Services: A Metta-analysis of Successful Elements
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Rizio,   Dina; Gios,   Geremia.
The forest is an ecosystem that can produce environmental services from which individuals benefit. In recent decades, the interest in these services has significantly increased and changed to meet new needs. The demand for wood has gradually become integrated into the demand for new products and services related to landscape use and recreational activities. These new products and services are defined as Non-Wood Forest Products and Services (NWFP&amp;SSs). With this interest in services and products associated with the recreational use of forests and forest tourism, a possibility and in certain cases a need exists to introduce a system of payment for these services. The purpose of such a payment system is to respond to this demand and to promote the...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Payment for environmentall services; Forest resources; Non-wood forest product ts and services; Landscape; Tourism.; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q26; Q23.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124114

Models Needed to Assist in the Development of a National Fiber Supply Strategy for the 21st Century: Report of a Workshop
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sedjo,   Roger A.; Goetzl,   Alberto.
This discussion paper reports on a Workshop on Wood Fiber Supply Modeling held October 3-4, 1996 in Washington, DC. The purpose of this discussion paper is to provide an overview of some of the modeling work being done related to timber supply modeling and some of the issues related to the more useful application of wood fiber supply and projections models. This paper includes brief presentations of three commonly used long-term timber projections and forecasting models: the Timber Assessment Market Model (TAMM) of the Forest Service; the Cintrafor Global Trade Model (CGTM) of the University of Washington; and the Timber Supply Model (TSM) of Resources for the Future. Also, issues related to the useful of the models are addressed as well as a discussion of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Timber models; Market forecasting models; Wood fiber supply; Projections; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C62; Q21; Q23.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10486

Analysis of Import Demand for Wooden Beds in the U.S.
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Wan,   Yang; Sun,   Changyou; Grebner,   Donald L.
The market of wooden beds in the U.S. has been flooded with imports from China and Vietnam in recent years. Static and dynamic Almost Ideal Demand System models are used to assess the import demand for wooden beds from the top seven supplying countries. The analyses reveal that the antidumping investigation on China has some temporary trade depression effect on China, but trade diversion occur  to Vietnam, Indonesia, Canada, and Brazil. The formal implementation of antidumping duties since 2005 has not shown any significant effect on the trade pattern. U.S. consumers spend more on beds from newly industrialized countries and there are moderate degrees of substitution among wooden beds from most countries.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Antidumping; Cointegration; Demand elasticity; Furniture; Trade diversion; Agribusiness; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Financial Economics; Marketing; C32; D12; F14; Q23.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100522

Assessing Time-Varying Oligopoly and Oligopsony Power in the U.S. Paper Industry
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Mei,   Bin; Sun,   Changyou.
The U.S. paper industry has become increasingly concentrated and therefore been suspected of imperfect competition. In this study, the new empirical industrial organization approach is employed to measure the degree of oligopoly and oligopsony power in the U.S. paper industry simultaneously. The model is estimated by iterative three-stage least squares using annual data from 1955 to 2003. The results reveal that there has been significant oligopoly and oligopsony power in the U.S. paper industry, and the oligopoly power has been consistently lower than the oligopsony power.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Market power; NEIO; Three-stage least squares; Time-varying parameters; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; L13; Q23.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47268

Modeling Deforestation and Land Use Change: Sparse Data Environments
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: De Pinto,   Alessandro; Nelson,   Gerald C.
Land use change in developing countries is of great interest to policymakers and researchers from many backgrounds. Concerns about consequences of deforestation for global climate change and biodiversity have received the most publicity, but loss of wetlands, declining land productivity, and watershed management are also problems facing developing countries. In developing countries, analysis is especially constrained by lack of data. This paper reviews modeling approaches for data-constrained environments that involve methods such as neural nets and dynamic programming and research results that link individual household survey data with satellite images using geographic positioning systems.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use; Q15; Q23; R14.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25723

Costs of Creating Carbon Offset Credits via Forestry Activities: A Meta-Regression Analysis
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Laaksonen-Craig,   Susanna; Wang,   Yichuan.
The main focus of efforts to mitigate climate change is on the avoidance of fossil fuel emissions. However, the Kyoto rules permit the use of forestry activities that create carbon offset credits. These could obviate the need for lifestyle-changing reductions in fossil fuel use. It is necessary for policy purposes, therefore, to determine the cost effectiveness of creating forest sink carbon credits. In this study, meta-regression analyses with 1047 observations from 68 studies are used to determine factors that affect carbon sequestration costs. Results indicate that soil carbon is not very important, but that forest plantations and use of biomass for energy make forestry activities more attractive. It also turns out that forestry activities are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate mitigation; Forest carbon offset credits; Meta-regression analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q54; R15; Q23; Q27.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37039

The Impact of El Nino on Northeastern Forests: A Case Study on Maple Syrup Production
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Bergeron,   Nancy; Sedjo,   Roger A.
El Nino events are likely to affect maple syrup production since it is very sensitive to weather patterns. A statistically significant direct correlation has not been found in our preliminary analysis, however. This may be because many other factors affect production and because weather anomalies also occur in non-El Nino years. Few defensive activities are available to maple syrup producers to alleviate the negative impacts of weather anomalies on their production. Hence, the value of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forecasts to them is likely to be low, even if a clear correlation between productivity and ENSO events was eventually found. Overall, small welfare impacts of El Nino weather events are expected from their impact on the maple syrup...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: El Nino; Forests; Maple syrup; Economic welfare effects; Dieback; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D61; Q10; Q20; Q23; N5.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10671

Optimal Conservation Policy Under Imperfect Intergenerational Altruism
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Di Corato,   Luca.
In this paper we study the optimal forest conservation policy by a hyperbolically discounting society. Society comprises a series of non-overlapping imperfectly altruistic generations each represented by its own government. Under uncertainty about future pay-offs we determine, as solution of an intergenerational dynamic game, the optimal timing of irreversible harvest. Earlier harvest occurs and the option value attached to the forest clearing decision is eroded under both the assumptions of naïve and sophisticated belief about future time-preferences. This results in a bias toward the current generation gratification which affects the intergenerational allocation of benefits and costs from harvesting and conserving a natural forest.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Imperfect Altruism; Real Options; Hyperbolic Discounting; Time Inconsistency; Natural Resources Management; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; D81; C70; Q23; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120022

Timber Supply Model 96: A Global Timber Supply Model with a Pulpwood Component
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sedjo,   Roger A.; Lyon,   Kenneth S.
This study involves an update of our earlier Timber Supply Model, which was fully developed in our book, The Adequacy Of Global Timber Supply by Sedjo and Lyon (1990), published by Resources for the Future. The new version, called Timber Supply Model 1996 (TSM96), uses an economic market supply/demand approach to project an intertemporal time path of the world's price and output level of industrial wood. As did the original TSM, the TSM96 provides projections of the time path of the equilibrium output levels of the several regions into which the world has been subdivided. A major new feature of TSM96 is that industrial wood, treated as homogeneous in the earlier study, has be subdivided into two different wood types -- pulpwood and solidwood. The supply of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Timber models; Markets; Optimal control; Projections; Timber supply; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C62; Q21; Q23.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10696

A Comparison of Timber Models for Use in Public Policy Analysis
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sohngen,   Brent; Sedjo,   Roger A.
In this paper, we compare and contrast two types of timber models that have been used for public policy analysis. These models have been variously used to predict price, inventory and market welfare impacts under different exogenous forces that impact timber markets. The framework and theory for each model type is presented and discussed. We then thoroughly test the two model types across six potential exogenous shocks to timber markets, ranging from instantaneous demand shocks to gradual supply adjustments. Our comparison indicates that these models predict potentially important differences in timber market behavior. These differences are important to consider for those who do public policy analysis.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Timber markets; Models; Dynamic adjustment; Optimization; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C62; Q21; Q23.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10467

Determinants of Timberland Use by Ownership and Forest Type in Alabama and Georgia
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Nagubadi,   Rao V.; Zhang,   Daowei.
Land use changes and timberland use by ownership and forest type in Alabama and Georgia between 1972 and 2000 are analyzed using a modified multinomial logit approach.  Low average land quality, federal cost-share incentives, and favorable returns to forestry relative to agriculture were the main factors associated with timberland increase.  Higher forestry returns helped increase industrial timberland but not nonindustrial private forests.  An increase in hardwood forests at the expense of softwood and mixed forests was driven by increasing hardwood returns.  Increasing softwood returns and tree planting assistance programs alleviated declines in softwood forests.  Because factors influencing timberland use changes differ by ownership and forest type,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Forest type; Land use determinants; Modified multinomial logit; Timberland ownership; Land Economics/Use; Q15; Q23; R15.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43726

Searching for an Environmental Kuznets Curve in Carbon Dioxide Pollutant in Latin American Countries
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Poudel,   Biswo N.; Paudel,   Krishna P.; Bhattarai,   Keshav.
This study utilized a semiparametric panel model to estimate environmental Kuznets curves (EKC) for carbon dioxide (CO2) in 15 Latin American countries, using hitherto unused data on forestry acreage in each country. Results showed an N-shaped curve for the region; however, the shape of the curve is sensitive to the removal of some groups of countries. Specification tests support a semiparametric panel model over a parametric quadratic specification.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: CO2; Forest acreage; Environmental Kuznets curve; Latin American countries; Semiparametric regression model; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C14; C33; Q23; Q53.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48759

Transaction costs in agri-environmental schemes: the principal-agent-point of view
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Weber,   Anja Michaela; Nuppenau,   Ernst-August.
Agri-environmental schemes provide payments for farmers in return for environmental services. Their implementation induces transaction costs for administration and farmers. Although transaction costs became subject of research in recent years, little attention has been paid to activities which create them. This paper uses insights from Principal-Agent-Theory to show, how information gaps between contracting partners result in tradeoffs inducing activities conducted at implementation level. A Grassland Extensification Scheme, provided in Hesse, Germany, serves as a case-study. The paper shows that attempts and incentives to overcome informational gaps are different for administration and farmer. Further, attempts to reduce transaction costs of own...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental schemes; Transaction costs; Principal-agent-theory; Hesse; Germany; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Q18; Q23.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94919

Can Forest Management Strategies Sustain The Development Needs Of The Little Red River Cree First Nation?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Krcmar,   Emina; Nelson,   Harry; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Vertinsky,   Ilan; Webb,   Jim.
In this study, we explore whether projected socio-economic needs of the Little Red River Cree Nation (LRRCN) can be met using the natural resources to which they have access. To answer this question, we employ a dynamic optimization model to assess the capacity of the available forest base to provide for anticipated future needs of the LRRCN. Results for alternative management strategies indicate that decision-makers face significant tradeoffs in deciding an appropriate management strategy for the forestlands they control.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Boreal forest; First Nations; Forest management; Sustainability; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C61; Q23.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37012

Forest Certification: Toward Common Standards?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Fischer,   Carolyn; Aguilar,   Francisco X.; Jawahar,   Puja; Sedjo,   Roger A.
The forestry industry provides a good illustration of the active roles that industry associations, environmental nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), national governments, and international organizations can play in developing and promoting codes of conduct that are formally sanctioned and certified. It also reflects some of the challenges of disseminating codes of conduct in developing countries and ensuring market benefits from certification. We describe the emergence of forest certification standards, outline current certification schemes, and discuss the role of major corporations in creating demand for certified products. We also discuss the limited success of certification and some of the obstacles to its adoption in developing countries. The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forest certification; Codes of conduct; Forest Stewardship Council; PEFC; Sustainable Forestry Initiative; Sustainable forest management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; Q56; L73; Q13.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10838

Improving Environmental Quality in South Florida through Silvopasture: An Economic Approach
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Stainback,   G. Andrew; Alavalapati,   Janaki R.R.; Shrestha,   Ram K.; Larkin,   Sherry L.; Wong,   Grace.
A dynamic optimization model is used to compare the profitability of silvopasture with traditional cattle ranching in south Florida.  Silvopasture can reduce phosphorus runoff from cattle ranching-a major environmental concern for Lake Okeechobee and the Everglades.  Silvopasture can also sequester carbon, thereby offsetting global climate change.  The effectiveness of phosphorus runoff taxes and carbon sequestration payments for inducting landowners to adopt silvopasture is investigated.  We find that phosphorus taxes alone would not induce landowners to adopt silvopasture.  However, payments to landowners to sequester carbon, alone or in conjunction with phosphorus runoff taxes, can make silvopasture financially competitive with traditional ranching.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Cattle ranching; Faustmann model; Global climate change; Phosphorus runoff; Silvopasture; Slash pine; Tax; Q57; Q23.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43396

Carbon Sequestration with Reforestations and Biodiversity-Scenic Values
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Caparros,   Alejandro; Cerda,   Emilio; Ovando,   P.; Campos,   Pablo.
This paper presents an optimal control model to analyze reforestations with two different species, including commercial values, carbon sequestration and biodiversity or scenic values. We solve the model qualitatively with general functions and discuss the implications of partial or total internalization of environmental values, showing that internalizing only carbon sequestration may have negative impacts on biodiversity-scenic values. To evaluate the practical relevance, we compare reforestations in the South-west of Spain with cork-oaks (a slow growing native species) and with eucalyptus (a fast growing alien species). We do the analysis with two different carbon crediting methods: the Carbon Flow Method and the Ton Year Accounting Method. With the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Optimal Control; Forests; Carbon; Sequestration; Biodiversity; Scenic; Stated Preferences; Carbon Accounting; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q26; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9323

The Price-Elasticity of Stumpage Sales from Federal Forests
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ando,   Amy Whritenour.
This paper explores the influence of the behavior of the Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management on effective public policy toward the national forests. It shows that fluctuations in stumpage sales from such forests have been large. Furthermore, those fluctuations could well have a significant impact on the price elasticity of harvest even with large stocks of uncut volume under contract. System analysis of harvest and sale patterns in nine regions during the period 1951-1992 shows that stumpage sales displayed little correlation with prices during the period; the positive price elasticity of harvest seems to have been induced largely by the behavior of logging firms. However, it finds a positive link between National Forest budgets and annual sales....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Stumpage; Harvest; Sales; National Forests; Budget; Price elasticity; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; Q28.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10456

A Global Land Use and Biomass Approach to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Fossil Fuel Use and to Preserve Biodiversity
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Riedacker,   Arthur.
As average growth consumptions per capita and world population will continue to grow, the promotion of sustainable developments during the next half a century implies to take into account environmental aspects, local potentialities and futures changes in population as well climatic, economic and social factors. At the global level, land and fossil fuel availability per capita, capacity of absorption of greenhouse gas emissions are considered the most important environmental factors. Whereas at local levels are to be considered preservation or improvement of soil fertility, of water regimes, of quality of air, soil and water. Biodiversity must be taken into account at both levels to cope also with climate change. But as underlined by IPCC lead authors, up...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse Gas Emission; Fossil Fuel; Biodiversity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; Q27.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9551

Optimal Forest Strategies for Addressing Tradeoffs and Uncertainty in Economic Development under Old-Growth Constraints
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Krcmar,   Emina; Eagle,   Alison J.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
In Canada, governments have historically promoted economic development in rural regions by promoting exploitation of natural resources, particularly forests. Forest resources are an economic development driver in many of the more than 80% of native communities located in forest regions. But forests also provide aboriginal people with cultural and spiritual values, and non-timber forest amenities (e.g., biodiversity, wildlife harvests for meat and fur, etc.), that are incompatible with timber exploitation. Some cultural and other amenities can only be satisfied by maintaining a certain amount of timber in an old-growth state. In that case, resource constraints might be too onerous to satisfy development needs. We employ compromise programming and fuzzy...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Forest-dependent aboriginal communities; Boreal forest; Compromise and fuzzy programming; Sustainability and uncertainty; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; R11; Q23; Q01; C61.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10251

Forestry in the Next Millennium: Challenges and Opportunities for the USDA Forest Service
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Binkley,   Clark S.
Throughout the globe, forestry faces predictable trends associated with the transition from reliance on natural forests to ones created through human stewardship. Laid over the ordinary economics of this transition are increases in the values of the environmental services that forests provide. The three general approaches to forest management--natural forest management, plantation forest management, and preserve management--are evaluated in this economic context. The USDA Forest Service has interesting opportunities to apply each approach, but doing so will require profound organizational changes.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forestry; Forest Service; Economics; Environment; Timber; Forest plantations; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; H41; H42; Q23; Q28.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10912

Conservation Payments under Risk: A Stochastic Dominance Approach
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Benitez,   Pablo C.; Kuosmanen,   Timo; Olschewski,   Roland; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Updated version of REPA Working Paper 2004-05.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agroforest systems; Conservation payments; Land allocation; Portfolio diversification; Risk; Stochastic dominance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C73; O54; Q23; Q57; R14.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37024

Economic Incentives for Entry and Exit in Gum Arabic Agroforestry System in Sudan
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Rahim,   Afaf H.; van Ierland,   Ekko C.; Wesseler,   Justus.
The gum tree (Acacia senegal) in the Sahel-Sudan zone has many environmental benign functions. An important function is to control desertification. In this paper we analyze farmers' economic incentives to preserve the existing gum trees and their incentives to create new plantations using a real options approach. Results indicate that agricultural crops provide higher economic benefits as compared to gum agroforestry system. However, on the one hand, as gum arabic is produced during the dry period and land is abundant, there are low incentives for deforestation. Instead, farmers' tend to leave the land idle and let the tree growing. On the other hand, our results suggest that an increase in the prices of gum arabic of about 330 per cent is needed to induce...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Gum arabic; Deforestation; Entry and exit; Real options; Sudan; Crop Production/Industries; D4; N5; O13; Q12; Q23.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25720

Tariff Liberalization, Wood Trade Flows, and Global Forests
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sedjo,   Roger A.; Simpson,   R. David.
This paper examines the question of the likely effects on global forests of a further reduction in wood products tariffs including both solid wood products and pulp and paper, as has been proposed to the World Trade Organization (WTO) by the Asia Pacific Economic Community (APEC). The tariff reductions would be an extension of the tariff reductions associated with the Uruguay Round (Federal Register 1999). The questions include both how international trade is likely to change in response to further tariff reduction and also the implications for timber harvests and forests generally of such trade liberalization in the various forest regions. The paper finds that the evidence suggests further reductions in tariffs on forest products are likely to generate...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International trade; Tariffs; Forest; Forest products; World Trade Organization; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; F01; F21; F13; Q23.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10557

Derechos de emision temporales procedentes de actividades de forestacion y reforestacion en el EU ETS
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Bachiller Mendez,   Ignacio; Fernandez-Cavada,   Jose Luis; Martin Juez Labat,   Jaime.
Resumen En este trabajo se examina el marco regulatorio establecido por la Convención Marco sobre Cambio Climático, el Protocolo de Kioto y sus Mecanismos de Flexibilidad, entre ellos el Mecanismo de Desarrollo Limpio (MDL) y el sistema europo de Comercio de Derechos de Emisión (EU ETS). Partiendo de este marco general se expone de qué modo se han incorporado las actividades de forestación y reforestación en el ámbito del MDL y su situación actual en el EU ETS. Se analizan los costes de transacción de este tipo de proyectos de MDL y el estado del mercado de derechos temporales que genera. Finalmente, a la vista de los elementos descritos, se formulan unas conclusiones con respecto a la conveniencia y expectativas del desarrollo futuro de este mercado....
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Temporary allowances; EU ETS; Afforestation; CDM; Reforestation; Derechos temporales; EU ETS; Forestacion; MDL; Reforestación; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; F18; Q23; Q54; Q56.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7057

Poverty and Employment in Timber-Dependent Counties
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Berck,   Peter; Costello,   Christopher; Fortmann,   Louise; Hoffmann,   Sandra A.
One of the most controversial aspects of federal and state policies aimed at protecting old-growth ecosystems has been the potential impact of job losses on local economies. A fundamental question for historically timber-dependent communities is whether these policies will result in local economic stagnation and enduring pockets of poverty. In this paper, we examine the long-run impact of changes in timber-related employment on other types of employment and participation in major federal poverty programs. We use monthly, multi-county time series data to estimate a vector autoregressive model of the experience of northern California counties during the 1980s and 1990s. We find that employment base multiplier effects of timber employment on other types of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forest policy; Poverty; Employment; Time series; Food Security and Poverty; Q23; O15; R11; R15.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10831

Value and Risks of Expiring Carbon Credits from CDM Afforestation and Reforestation
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Dutschke,   Michael; Schlamadinger,   Bernhard; Wong,   Jenny L.P.; Rumberg,   Michael.
The Milan conference of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change has established two types of emission offsets under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), valid for afforestation and reforestation activities. In order to account for the non-permanent nature of carbon storage in forests, these credits expire after a predefined periods, after which the buyer needs to replace them. The present article assesses their market value in relation to "permanent" credits, identifies their specific risks and proposes how to mitigate and manage them. It analyzes strengths and weaknesses of expiring credits for sellers and buyers. Taking the example of the EU emissions trading system, the authors discuss how expiring credits could reach fungibility with permanent...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: CDM; Afforestation; Reforestation; Permanence; Insurance; LCER; TCER; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q25; Q13.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26347

Demand for Urban Forests and Economic Welfare:  Evidence from the Southeastern U.S. Cities
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Zhu,   Pengyu; Zhang,   Yaoqi.
This study examines the relationship between urban forests and household income and population density in the 149 cities with populations over 40,000 in nine southeastern states.  Our empirical results show that urban forest percentage across the cities has characteristics of the environmental Kuznets curve.  We find that household income around $39,000 is a threshold that changes the relationship between income and urban forest coverage from negative to positive, whereas the impact of population density on urban forests is just the opposite, from positive to negative when population density is around 180 persons per square kilometer.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Kuznets curve; Environmental quality; Income; Land use; Population density; Tree canopy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; C31; Q23; Q56; Q57; R14.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43758

Implications of Expanding Bioenergy Production from Wood in British Columbia: An Application of a Regional Wood Fibre Allocation Model
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Stennes,   Brad; Niquidet,   Kurt; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Energy has been produced from woody biomass in British Columbia for many decades, but it was used primarily within the pulp and paper sector, using residual streams from timber processing, to create heat and electricity for on-site use. More recently, there has been limited stand-alone electricity production and increasing capacity to produce wood pellets, with both using ‘waste’ from the sawmill sector. Hence, most of the low-cost feedstock sources associated with traditional timber processing is now fully employed. While previous studies model bioenergy production in isolation, we employ a transportation model of the BC forest sector with 24 regions to demonstrate that it is necessary to consider the interaction between utilization of woody feedstock for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bioenergy production from wood fibre; Mountain pine beetle; Competition for fibre; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; Q42; C61; Q54.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50782

The Impact of First and Second Pillars' Aids from CAP on Farm Profits in France
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Osuch,   Amanda.
The aim of the paper is to present a picture of the distribution of direct aids ("first" and "second" pillars of the Common Agricultural Policy or CAP) and their impact on farm profits among France in the year 2002. Analysis on separated impacts of each of these direct support schemes on farm profits among France allowed to assess whether these aids reduce or increase gaps between average farm profits between French departements (French administrative divisions).
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Common Agricultural Policy; Direct aids; Farm profit; Less-favoured areas; Agricultural and Food Policy; H23; Q23.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24576

Poverty and environmental degradation under trade liberalization: searching for second-best policy options.
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Pascual,   Unai; Martinez-Espineira,   Roberto.
Forest based agricultural systems in the tropics are being opened up to international trade at an unprecedented rate. This is the case of tropical agriculture in Mexico under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which is also having significant impacts on the decentralized land use decisions of small-scale farmers and on the natural resource base on which they depend. This paper develops a bioeconomic model of a typical forest-land based farming system that is integrated with the non-farm labour sector, as typically found in tropical regions. The data used to generate the simulations were gathered in two communities of Yucatan (Mexico) in 1998-2000. Through a systemdynamics framework, the agro-ecological and farming economic subsystems are...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Rural povery; Soil degradation; Slash-and-burn; Land-use model; Liberalization; Mexico; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Q12; Q23; D13; I3.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7992

Forestry Sequestration of CO2 and Markets for Timber
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sedjo,   Roger A.; Sohngen,   Brent.
Forestry has been considered to have potential in reducing the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide by sequestrating carbon in above-ground timber and below-ground roots and soil. This potential has been noted in the Kyoto Protocol, which identified specific forestry activities for which carbon sequestration credits could be obtained. To date, a few forestry efforts have been undertaken for carbon purposes, but most of these efforts have been on a small scale. Proposals have been under discussion, however, that would result in the creation of very large areas of new forest for the purpose of offsetting some of the additional carbon that is being released into the atmosphere. Concerns are expressed, however, that large-scale sequestration operations...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon; Forests; Sequestration; Leakages; Timber markets; Prices; Models; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q10; Q15; Q21; Q23; Q24.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10778

The Survival of a Forest-dependent Species and the Economics of Intensity of Logging: A Note
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Analyses the economics of alternative land-use allocations for a forested area that ensure a targeted viable population of a forest-dependent species, such as the orangutan. The alternative of setting aside a sufficient fully protected portion of the forested area allowing the rest to be used for intensive forestry (or another intensive land use) in which the focal species is unable to survive is compared with that of fully protecting none of the forested area but allowing a sufficient portion of it to be lightly logged to ensure the survival of the targeted population of the focal species with the remainder of the land area (if any) being available for intensive use. The conditions for determining the least cost option (the one that minimizes profit...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Conservation of forest-dependent species; Forestry; Heavy versus light logging; Intensive versus extensive land use and conservation; Logging and conservation; Opportunity cost and species conservation; Orangutan conservation.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92773

The Economic and Environmental Effects of an EU Ban on Illegal Logging Imports. Insights from a CGE Assessment
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Bosello,   Francesco; Parrado,   Ramiro; Rosa,   Renato.
Illegal logging is widely recognized as a major economic problem and one of the causes of environmental degradation. Increasing awareness of its negative effects has fostered a wide range of proposals to combat it by major international conservation groups and political organizations. Following the 2008 US legislation which prohibits the import of illegally harvested wood and wood products, the European Union (EU) is now discussing a legislation proposal which would ban illegal timber from the EU market. In this study we use the ICES computable general equilibrium model to estimate the reallocation of global demand and timber imports following the pending EU legislation. With this exercise our final objective is to assess the economic impacts and measure...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forestry; Illegal Logging; International Trade; Economy and Environment; Computable General Equilibrium Models; Environmental Economics and Policy; D58; Q23; Q56; R13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90953

Rethinking Scientific Management
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Nelson,   Robert H.
The U.S. Forest Service was founded early in the twentieth century with the progressive mission to achieve the scientific management of the forests of the United States. Scientific management was in part a political theory, holding out a model by which social values and technical considerations should function separately in the political process. However, since the 1970s the autonomy of Forest Service professionals to manage the national forests has been undermined by judicial decisions, White House and other executive branch oversight, and routine Congressional interference. Ecological management is a new attempt in the 1990s to revive scientific management but it is not likely to be any more successful than previous efforts. Instead, a new governing...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Scientific management; Progressive era; Forests; Forest Service; Environmental Economics and Policy; H41; N5; Q23; Q28.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10447

Schnellwachsende Baumarten - Chance fur zusatzliches Einkommen im landlichen Raum?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Pallast,   Gregor; Breuer,   Thomas; Holm-Muller,   Karin.
Based on previous experiences with the cultivation of short Rotation Coppice in Germany, the present article deals with the profitability of tree-plantations for bio-energy generation. The production process is divided into several steps in order to compare the resulting production costs with the associated revenues of potential users. As the cultivation of short rotating coppice in Germany is still in its experimental stage, the focus of this article is on the comparison of different production processes as well as on a critical evaluation of the available data base. The results show that – with no government aid taken into account – large scale cultivation can reach profitability only under very optimistic assumptions. Considering the necessary long term...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Short rotation Coppice; Farmer’s income; Renewable energy; Profitability; Rural areas; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; R32.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18785

The effect of forest land use on the cost of drinking water supply: A spatial econometric analysis
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Abildtrup,   Jens; Garcia,   Serge; Stenger,   Anne.
Forest land use is often associated with the protection of water resources from contamination and the reduced cost of drinking water supply. This study attempted to measure the value of the forest on the quality of water resources from a contingent market, namely drinking water supply, by estimating variations in drinking water costs as a function of variations in land uses. Spatial correlations were taken into account because of the use of different geographical scales (i.e., water service area and land uses) and the potential existence of organizational and technological spillovers between water services. We found a significant negative effect of forest land use on water costs. We found no evidence of spatial spillovers concerning the management regime...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water quality; Land uses; Forest; Water supply service; Spatial spillovers; Demand and Price Analysis; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C21; Q23; Q25; R14.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120385

European Forests and Carbon Sequestration Services: An Economic Assessment of Climate Change Impacts
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ding,   Helen; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.; Teelucksingh,   Sonja S.
This paper reports an original economic valuation of the impact of climate change on the provision of forest regulating services in Europe. To the authors’ knowledge the current paper represents the first systematic attempt to estimate human well-being losses with respect to changes in biodiversity and forest regulating services that are directly driven by climate change. First, selected 34 European countries are grouped by their latitude intervals to capture the differentiated regional effects of forests in response to climate change. Moreover, the future trends of forest areas and stocked carbon in 2050 are projected through the construction and simulation of global circulation models such as HADMC3 following four different future developing paths...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic Valuation; Forest Ecosystem; Carbon Sequestration; Climate Change Impacts; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59397

Estimating Carbon Supply Curves for Global Forests and Other Land Uses
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sedjo,   Roger A.; Sohngen,   Brent; Mendelsohn,   Robert.
This study develops cumulative carbon 'supply curves' for global forests utilizing an dynamic timber supply model for sequestration of forest carbon. Because the period of concern is the next century, and particular time points within that century, the curves are not traditional Marshallian supply curves or steady-state supply curves. Rather, the focus is on cumulative carbon cost curves (quasi-supply curves) at various points in time over the next 100 years. The research estimates a number of long-term, cumulative, carbon quasi-supply curves under different price scenarios and for different time periods. The curves trace out the relationship between an intertemporal price path for carbon, as given by carbon shadow prices, and the cumulative carbon...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon supply curves; Sequestration; Timber; Forests; Model; Global warming; Prices; Markets; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q10; Q15; Q21; Q23; Q24.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10663

Improving land-use modelling within CGE to assess forest-based mitigation potential and costs.
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Michetti,   Melania; Parrado,   Ramiro.
We present a computable general equilibrium model properly modified to analyse the potential role of the European forestry sector within climate mitigation. Improvements on database and modelling frameworks allow accounting for land heterogeneity across and within regions and for land transfers between agriculture, grazing, and forestry. The forestry sector has been modified to track carbon mitigation potential from both intensive and extensive forest margins, which have been calibrated according to a forest sectoral model. Two sets of climate policies are simulated. In a first scenario, Europe is assumed to commit unilaterally to reduce CO2 emissions of 20% and 30%, by 2020. In a second scenario, in addition to the emissions quotas, progressively higher...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Climate Mitigation; General Equilibrium Modelling; Forestry; Land Economics/Use; D58; Q23; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124380

Selective logging and the economics of conserving forest wildlife species e.g. orangutans
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Analyzes the economics of alternative allocations of forested land for uses (dominant-use vs. multiple use) to ensure the survival of a viable population of a forest-dependent species, e.g. the orangutan. The alternatives are (1) setting aside a sufficient fully protected portion of the forest and allowing the rest to be used for intensive logging and (2) fully protecting none of the forested area but allowing a sufficient portion of it to be lightly (selectively) logged to ensure the survival of the population of the focal species with the remaining land (if any) being available for intensive use.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Conserving of forest species; Forestry; Logging and conservation; Opportunity cost and conservation; Orangutans; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q23; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122725

Afforestation Generated Kyoto Compliant Carbon Offsets: A Case Study in Northeastern Ontario
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Biggs,   Jeffrey.
With the first commitment period beginning in 2008, resource managers are starting to consider the various management options available to them under the Kyoto Protocol. Though many papers discuss the potential for generating carbon offsets through afforestation at national, provincial and regional scales, none examine the factors critical to decision makers at the management unit level. This paper uses the best available modelling and economic data and applies it at the scale of the Timmins Management Unit (TMU), concentrating on the quality and availability of carbon budget models, domestic carbon market concerns (including price, leakage and permanence) and the presence of an enabling environment (considering government support, afforestation expertise,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Afforestation; Carbon markets; Carbon modelling; Enabling environment; Kyoto Protocol; Northeastern Ontario; Scenario development; Timmins management unit; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q27.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37007

Improving the Quality of Women’s Gold in Mali, West Africa: The Case of Shea
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Perakis,   Sonja Melissa.
The collection, primary processing, and subsequent sale of shea-based products make an important contribution to rural women’s cash income in many of Mali’s shea producing areas. Internationally, shea has recently become popular in high-valued cosmetics thanks to its therapeutic properties— a deviation away from its historic use as a cheap cocoa-butter substitute. For these reasons, international development actors have targeted the Malian shea value chain as part of their private-sector-development and rural-poverty-alleviation programs and strategies. Information asymmetry in the production and marketing of shea has led to a “Market for Lemons” scenario much like that described by Akerlof (1970), thereby compromising the subsector’s potential to serve as...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Information asymmetry; Karité; Mali; Rural development; Shea; Women’s income; Agribusiness; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Marketing; Q13; Q23; L15; L24; 013; O17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51703

Land Cover in a Managed Forest Ecosystem: Mexican Shade Coffee
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Blackman,   Allen; Albers,   Heidi J.; Sartorio,   Beatriz Avalos; Crooks,   Lisa.
Managed forest ecosystems-agroforestry systems in which crops such as coffee and bananas are planted side-by-side with woody perennials-are being touted as a means of safeguarding forests along with the ecological services they provide. Yet we know little about the determinants of land cover in such systems, information needed to design effective forest conservation policies. This paper presents a first-ever spatial regression analysis of land cover in a managed forest ecosystem-a shade coffee region of coastal Mexico. Using high-resolution land cover data derived from aerial photographs, along with data on the institutional, geophysical, socioeconomic, and agronomic characteristics of the study area, we find that plots in close proximity to urban centers...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Deforestation; Managed forest ecosystem; Agroforestry; Shade-grown coffee; Mexico; Spatial econometrics; Land cover; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q15; Q23.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10493

Optimal Timber Rotation on Multiple Stands with an Asymmetric Externality
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Uchida,   Emi.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/28/05.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Forest economics; Multiple stands; Non-timber goods; Flood risk; Spatial externality; Additivity properties; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; Q57.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19532

The Effect of Uncertainty on Contingent Valuation Estimates: A Comparison
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Shaikh,   Sabina L.; Sun,   Lili; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
We examine the impact of uncertainty on contingent valuation responses using (1) a survey of Canadian landowners about willingness to accept compensation for converting cropland to forestry and (2) a survey of Swedish residents about willingness to pay for forest conservation. Five approaches from the literature for incorporating respondent uncertainty are used and compared to the traditional RUM model with assumed certainty. The results indicate that incorporating uncertainty has the potential to increase fit, but could introduce additional variance. While some methods for uncertainty are an improvement over traditional approaches, we caution against systematic judgments about the effect of uncertainty on contingent valuation responses.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Respondent uncertainty; Willingness to accept; Contingent valuation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q10; Q15; Q23.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37025

Economic Causes of Tropical Deforestation - A Global Empirical Application
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Scrieciu,   Silviu Serban.
The paper investigates the complex system of causes affecting tropical deforestation at a worldwide level. There is no generally accepted theory in the deforestation literature to indicate which variables should be included in a model of deforestation at an aggregate global level. The paper begins, therefore, by presenting an analytical structure based on formal farm household economic modelling literature. The empirical findings derived from a global regression model tend to confirm the profit maximising market approach to deforestation, i.e. policy and structural variables at the macro-level that stimulate agricultural production provide farmers with incentives to deforest and expand their arable land areas. However, subsequent statistical tests suggest...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Global tropical deforestation; Farm household models; Environmental Economics and Policy; C23; Q23.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30549

Canada-US Softwood Lumber Trade Revisited: Examining the Role of Substitution Bias in the Context of a Spatial Price Equilibrium Framework
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Mogus,   Anthony; Stennes,   Brad; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
In the last two decades, softwood lumber trade between Canada and the United States has been characterized by numerous trade restrictions. Many studies have attempted to quantify the effects of such sanctions, and in doing so, softwood lumber was modeled as a single, homogenous commodity. However, recent research has suggested that this may be a misleading assumption, since not all softwood lumber products are equivalent substitutes. We refer to this problem as the substitution bias, and uniquely address this issue in estimating the effects of trade restricting policies. Using a spatial price equilibrium (spe) model, impacts of the post-sla import duties are estimated and compared to estimates of two alternative policy regimes – an export tax and quota. By...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Softwood lumber trade; Spatial price equilibrium; Lumber substitutability; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; Q27; Q58.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37016

WILL SOUTHERN AGRICULTURE PLAY A ROLE IN A CARBON MARKET?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Zeuli,   Kimberly A.; Skees,   Jerry R.
While a carbon market offers substantial opportunities for US agriculture, regional differences in such a market are often ignored. This paper focuses on the advantages and challenges for agriculture in the South. The potential of two promising options are analyzed: conversion from cropland to forests and greater use of conversation tillage. It is argued that the right institutional arrangements can overcome three fundamental challenges to an efficient carbon market: transaction costs, risk, and perverse incentives. Some examples are given, such as the use of a farmer-owned organization and the provision of land use and carbon information by the government.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Carbon emission reduction; Tradable permits; Afforestation; Conservation tillage; Government policy; Regional economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q23; Q24; Q28; R00.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15492

Deforestation and Shade Coffee in Oaxaca, Mexico: Key Research Findings
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Blackman,   Allen; Albers,   Heidi J.; Avalos-Sartorio,   Beatriz; Crooks,   Lisa.
More than three-quarters of Mexico's coffee is grown on small plots shaded by the existing forest. Because they preserve forest cover, shade coffee farms provide vital ecological services including harboring biodiversity and preventing soil erosion. Unfortunately, tree cover in Mexico's shade coffee areas is increasingly being cleared to make way for subsistence agriculture, a direct result of the unprecedented decline of international coffee prices over the past decade. This paper summarizes the key findings of a three-year study of deforestation in Oaxaca, one of Mexico's prime regions for growing shade coffee. First, we find that deforestation during the 1990s was significant. Second, the loss of tree cover can likely be slowed by promoting...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Deforestation; Agroforestry; Shade-grown coffee; Mexico; Land cover; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q15; Q23.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10799

Resolving Canada-U.S. Trade Disputes in Agriculture and Forestry: Lessons from Lumber
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Biggs,   Jeffrey; Laaksonen-Craig,   Susanna; Niquidet,   Kurt; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Prominent trade disputes between Canada and the U.S. involve agriculture and forestry, with lack of transparency caused by Canadian non-market institutions a source of U.S. objections. Though there has been a recent flurry of activity in the binational dispute resolution panel on Canadian exports of wheat, one of every six panels since 1989 has involved softwood lumber. We examine lessons from the lumber dispute to shed light on U.S. objections to the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB). We argue that U.S. lumber lobbyists will continue to use perceived Canadian institutional obscurity to keep pressure on policymakers, while the CWB system enables similar agricultural interests in to agitate for trade sanctions. Traditional strategies such as dispute resolution...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Q17; Q18; Q23; Q27.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37011

Forest Management Zone Design with a Tabu Search Algorithm
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Krcmar,   Emina; Mitrovic-Minic,   Snezana; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Vertinsky,   Ilan.
Increased conflicts between timber production and environmental protection led some analysts to advocate land-use segregation, often referred to as forest management zoning. The objective of zoning is to create ecologically desirable non-fragmented forest reserves and group timber production areas. We formulate an integer programming model of forest zoning that explicitly addresses clustering of spatial units allocated to timber production and reserve zones while also promoting separation of these zones. A tabu search algorithm is developed, implemented and tested using a case study. The case study results indicate that up to 5% of the net financial return is sacrificed with a 'satisfactory' grouping of units within each zone. A 'good' separation between...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forest planning; Integer programming; Reserves; Tabu search; Timber production; Zoning; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C60; Q23; R14.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37022

Can Carbon Sinks Be Operational? RFF Workshop Proceedings
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sedjo,   Roger A.; Toman,   Michael.
An RFF Workshop brought together experts from around the world to assess the feasibility of using biological sinks to sequester carbon as part of a global atmospheric mitigation effort. The chapters of this proceeding are a result of that effort. Although the intent of the workshop was not to generate a consensus, a number of studies suggest that sinks could be a relatively inexpensive and effective carbon management tool. The chapters cover a variety of aspects and topics related to the monitoring and measurement of carbon in biological systems. They tend to support the view the carbon sequestration using biological systems is technically feasible with relatively good precision and at relatively low cost. Thus carbon sinks can be operational.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon; Sinks; Global warming; Sequestration; Forests; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q10; Q15; Q21; Q23; Q24.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10480

Gender, institutions and sustainability in the context of forest decentralization reforms in Latin America and East Africa
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sun,   Yan; Mwangi,   Esther; Meinzen-Dick,   Ruth Suseela.
Women’s participation in decision making at the user-group level and in forest committees has been demonstrated to have a positive impact on forest sustainability. For example, women’s participation enhances forest regeneration and reduces illegal harvesting through improved monitoring. Their presence in forest user groups increases the groups’ capacity to manage and resolve conflict, which in turn increases the likelihood that resource users will comply with and respect harvesting and use rules. These insights have been especially useful in informing policy and project interventions designed to strength and amplify women’s participation.          This paper adopts a cross-national approach and employs quantitative techniques to analyze the relative...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Gender; Forest management; Forest user groups; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q23; J16.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103456

Irreversible Investment, Uncertainty and Ambiguity: The Case of the Bioenergy Sector
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Jouvet,   Pierre-Andre; Le Cadre,   Elodie; Orset,   Caroline.
We analyse the decision of an agent to invest and engage in industrial activities that are characterized by two forms of uncertainty: market size uncertainty and competitive effect uncertainty. We apply our model on the bioenergy industries. We compare the case of an ambiguity neutral agent with that of an ambiguity adverse agent. We show that the investment decision of an agent depends on the effects of both the capital investment and the level of production on the cost and the uncertainty the agent is confronted with. Moreover, we find that ambiguity aversion tends to decrease the agent's optimal levels of production and investment. Our numerical analysis of the French case illustrates the different effects associated with market size uncertainty and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ambiguity; Bioenergy; Irreversible investment; Uncertainty; Agricultural and Food Policy; D21; D81; Q42; Q23.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115437

Analyzing the Economic Impact of Climate Change on Global Timber Markets
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sohngen,   Brent; Sedjo,   Roger A.; Mendelsohn,   Robert; Lyon,   Kenneth S.
In this paper, we show how ecological and economic models can be linked to determine the economic impact of climate change on global timber markets. We begin by discussing some of the important issues relevant to global impact analyses such as this. We then outline our general modeling framework and discuss the particular models that will be used. Finally, we discuss some of the important issues involved with linking the two types of models.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Economic model; Timber; Timber market; Dynamic; Optimal control; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q10; Q23; Q24.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10462

Analyzing Landowner Demand for Wildlife and Forest Management Information
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Munn,   Ian A.; Hussain,   Anwar; West,   Ben; Grado,   Stephen C.; Jones,   W. Daryl.
Determining appropriate topics and target audiences is essential to design effective educational outreach programs.  Based on landowner responses to a mail survey, we determined both the importance and the availability of wildlife and forest management information topics to Mississippi landowners.  Combining this information clearly identified the appropriate subject matter for outreach programs-topics important to landowners and for which information was relatively unavailable.  The importance of wildlife and forest management information relative to its availability depended on the region, land use patterns, and landowner characteristics, thus demonstrating which segments of the population should be targeted to maximize program impact.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Complementary log-log link; Landowner information needs; Odds ratio; Ordinal regression; Outreach program budget; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C25; Q16; Q23; Q26.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6059

Potential for Carbon Forest Plantations in Marginal Timber Forests: The Case of Patagonia, Argentina
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sedjo,   Roger A.
With the advent of the Kyoto Protocol and its recognition of the use of forestry activities and carbon sinks as acceptable tools for addressing the issue of the build-up of atmospheric carbon, the potential role of planted forests as a vehicle for carbon sequestration has taken on a new significance. Additionally, the emergence of tradable emission permits and now tradable carbon offsets provides a vehicle for financially capturing the benefits of carbon emission reductions and carbon offsetting activities. In a world where carbon sequestration has monetary value, investments in planted forests can be made with an eye to revenues to (at least two) joint outputs: timber and the carbon sequestration services. The first section of this paper examines the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Forest plantations; Carbon offsets; Present value; Kyoto Protocol; Argentina; Developing countries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q15; Q20; Q23.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10661

Estimating Urban Residential Water-Demand with Increasing Block Prices: The Case of Perth, Western Australia
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Xayavong,   Vilaphonh; Burton,   Michael P.; White,   Benedict.
This study uses panel data at suburb level to estimates the elasticity water demands in Perth, Australia from 1995 to 2005. After deriving the consumer’s water demand under a non-linear budget constraint, we estimate the water demand model, which accounts for how water (and other purchased goods) is used to satisfy fundamental desires of the household. We have applied the specification of price that provided the correctly estimated marginal price from the block tariff structure, and employed a maximum likelihood estimation technique to tackle the endogeneity and heteroskedasticity issues. Our estimation of water demand price elasticities are slightly higher (more elastic) than previous study in Perth, but broadly in line with other estimates in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Water demand; Water pricing; Block pricing; Water resource management; Household model; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q21; Q25; Q23.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7061

Can Permanence Be Insured? Consideration of Some Technical and Practical Issues of Insuring Carbon Credits from Afforestation and Reforestation
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Wong,   Jenny L.P.; Dutschke,   Michael.
Greenhouse gas (GHG) removals by afforestation and reforestation project activities under the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) are vulnerable to a variety of risks and uncertainties, resulting in the partial or total reversal of such removals. Hence, GHG removals from these sink activities are considered to be of temporary nature and non-permanent. Specific modalities related to non-permanence will need to be developed in order to include afforestation and reforestation project activities under the CDM and for a decision on modalities to be reached at COP 9 in December 2003. Two main options on how to address non-permanence have been proposed, these being temporary credits and insurance of emission reduction credits. This paper discusses...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Clean Development Mechanism; Forestry; Insurance; Permanence; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q25; Q13.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26270

Regional Log Market Integration in New Zealand
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Niquidet,   Kurt; Manley,   Bruce.
In this paper the integration of log prices across four regions in New Zealand was assessed. A time series of prices for six radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) log grades in each of the regions were tested for co-integration using Johansen’s method and Engle-Granger pair wise tests. Prices for export grades display significant integration across regions and generally follow the law of one price. However, markets for domestic grades tend to be regionally segregated. These results are most likely due to the high costs of transporting logs between regions. Future modelling will need to incorporate such transportation costs in order to adequately characterise log markets in the country.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Log market; Co-integration; Law of one price; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; R32.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37082

India's Firewood Crisis Re-examined
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: van 't Veld,   Klaas; Narain,   Urvashi; Gupta,   Shreekant; Chopra,   Neetu; Singh,   Supriya.
Households in rural India are highly dependent on firewood as their main source of energy, partly because non-biofuels tend to be expensive. The prevailing view is therefore that, when faced with shortages of firewood in the village commons, such households, and especially the women in them, have to spend more and more time searching for firewood and eventually settle for poorer-quality biomass such as twigs, branches and dry leaves. Using data from a random sample of rural households in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, we come to very different conclusions, however. We find that households in villages with degraded forests do not spend longer hours searching for firewood, but instead switch to either using firewood from private trees or to using...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Firewood crisis; Time allocation; Fuel switching; JFM; India; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; O18; Q23; Q42.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10591

The Role of Forests as Carbon Sinks: Land-Use and Carbon Accounting
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Duarte,   Clara Costa; Cunha-e-Sa,   Maria A.; Rosa,   Renato.
The use of  forests as carbon sinks is examined by introducing carbon sequestration benefits’ accounting in a multi-vintage land allocation model. Following the IPCC, three carbon accounting methods are considered. We compare the results in each case with those without carbon sequestration, as well as the performances of the ton-year and the average methods (second-best) to the carbon flow (first-best) concerning optimal land allocation between forestry and alternative uses, total carbon sequestered, timber production and social welfare.  A full proof of long-run optimality of steady state forest is provided. Numerical simulations are performed and results discussed illustrating the setup’s potential.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Allocation Model; Forest Vintages; Carbon Sequestration; Carbon Accounting; Optimal Rotation; Transition/steady-state; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q15; Q23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54169

Effect of Ranchland Attributes on Recreational Hunting in Florida: A Hedonic Price Analysis
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Shrestha,   Ram K.; Alavalapati,   Janaki R.R.
Recreational hunting has been an attractive enterprise for some ranchers who are interested in supplementing their income from cattle.  Ranchland attributes-such as parcel size, tree cover, and proximity to urban centers-are expected to influence hunters’ preferences and, thus, hunting lease payments.  We estimated the effects of these attributes on hunting revenues using a hedonic model.  The results reveal that trees and vegetation cover on ranchlands have a positive impact on hunting revenues, indicating opportunities for silvopasture practices.  Those ranchers in Florida who maintain about 22% trees and other vegetation cover receive $16.15 acre per year from hunting leases, but doubling the cover would generate only an additional $3.20 per acre per...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Hedonic model; Hunting lease; Land attributes; Silvopasture; Q23; Q24; Q26; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43475

Shade-Grown Coffee: Simulation and Policy Analysis for Coastal Oaxaca, Mexico
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Batz,   Michael B.; Albers,   Heidi J.; Avalos-Sartorio,   Beatriz; Blackman,   Allen.
Shade-grown coffee provides a livelihood to many farmers, protects biodiversity, and creates environmental services. Many shade-coffee farmers have abandoned production in recent years, however, in response to declines in international coffee prices. This paper builds a farmer decision model under price uncertainty and uses simulation analysis of that model to examine the likely impact of various policies on abandonment of shade-coffee plantations. Using information from coastal Oaxaca, Mexico, this paper examines the role of various constraints in abandonment decisions, reveals the importance of the timing of policies, and characterizes the current situation in the study region.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Coffee farming; Decision analysis; Numerical modeling; Monte Carlo; Price variability; Crop Production/Industries; O13; Q17; Q12; Q23; Q24.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10511

Forest Service Vision: Or, Does the Forest Service Have a Future?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sedjo,   Roger A.
This paper maintains that the Forest Service (FS), as an institution, is in deep trouble. It argues that the FS today is an agency without a unique mission and without a supporting constituency. For the FS to be viable in the future it needs a distinct well-defined mission and a committed constituency. The distinct mission needs to be generally supported, or at least not opposed, by most of the American people. The constituency needs to be committed to the FS to the extent that it will provide major support in the Congress for FS budgets. The paper identifies some potential candidates for a mission for the National Forest System (NFS), e.g., as a biological reserve or as a provider of forest recreation. Another potential paradigm could be that of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forestry; Forest Service; Forest management; Federal lands; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; H41; H42; Q23; Q26; Q28.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10690

Economic Dynamics of Tree Planting for Carbon Uptake on Marginal Agricultural Lands
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
As a result of the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, afforestation of agricultural lands can be expected to take on an important role in the CO2-emissions reduction policy arsenal of some countries. To date, identification of suitable (marginal) agricultural lands has been left mainly to foresters, but their criteria fail to take into account economic nuances. In this study, an optimal control model is used to determine the optimal level of afforestation in the western Canada. The results indicate that, while planting fast–growing trees for carbon uptake on marginal agricultural land may be important, the path dynamics matter in determining whether Canada can rely on afforestation to meet its obligations under Kyoto
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Afforestation and climate change; Optimal control model of land use; Economics of carbon sequestration; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q23; Q27; Q54; R14.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36995

Deforestation in Sub- Sahara Africa
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Diarrassouba,   Malick; Boubacar,   Inoussa.
According to FAO (2005) about 13 million hectares of the word’s forest are lost due to deforestation. Naoto (2006) found Africa to lead the list of countries with the highest rate of deforestation. This worrisome situation is further aggravated by the possible negative impacts of climate change due to an increase in the mean global temperature. Evidence supports that Africa is most likely to suffer the most the devastating impacts of natural calamities such as droughts and floods. This paper sought to evaluate the causes of deforestation in 27 Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. Our model uses annual data spanning from 1990 to 2004. Trade and urban population tend to be associated with a decline in deforestation. On the other hand, we found strong...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Deforestation; Sub-Saharan Africa; Development.; International Development; Q23; N 57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46799