Consulta: subjectFacets:"Q57"
Registros recuperados: 153
Data/hora: 03/06/2024 05:42:51

Exploring demand for forestry in Lake Victoria Basin (Western Kenya): An econometric approach
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Jindal,   Rohit.
This paper determines the demand for a forestry program amongst rural households in western Kenya. It is based on a field survey with 277 households, using a stratified random sampling approach. The study follows attribute based method to elicit farmers’ preferences. Demand is measured in terms of additional number of trees that a household is willing to plant under different price schedules, including direct economic incentive to plant new seedlings. The mean willingness to plant new trees per household increases from 44 trees when farmers have to pay 10ksh/seedling, to 244 trees when farmers receive a payment of 10ksh/seedling. The paper uses fixed effects, random effects and random effect tobit models to estimate relevant parameters. Hausman...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Kenya; Lake Victoria; Demand; Tree seedlings; Attribute based method; Demand and Price Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C23; Q23; Q57.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6347

The Origin, Development And Structure Of Demand For Plant Genetic Resources. The Impact Of The In Trust Agreements To The CGIAR Collections Availability
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Caracciolo,   Francesco; Gotor,   Elisabetta; Holloway,   Garth J.; Watts,   Jamie.
The objective of this paper is to explore how the demand of germplasm held by CGIAR genebanks changed over time in order to assess the possible influence of the  1994 In Trust Agreements on germplasm demand. The proposed theoretic model motivates the realistic hypothesis that the consequences of the In-Trust Agreements lead to an enhancement of CGIAR germplasm utilization. Therefore the paper firstly examines the classical literature on biodiversity’s valuation and its recent developments and subsequently it investigates the origin of the agricultural biodiversity’s economic value, providing a basic conceptual framework to infer on factors determining the demand for germplasm. Two Bayesian estimation frameworks are applied to the IRRI accessions...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop genetic resources; Germplasm collection; Search theoretic framework; Count data; Changepoints; O19; Q18; Q57; C11.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36773

Demand-Side Factors in Optimal Land Conservation Choice
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ando,   Amy Whritenour; Shah,   Payal.
The dominant paradigm of conservation-reserve planning in economics is to optimize the provision of physical conservation benefits (measured in units like species protected) given a budget constraint. Large-scale biology-based priority setting implies that the value we place on biodiversity and ecosystem function is not affected by human proximity to that natural capital. There is significant evidence, however, that human willingness to pay (WTP) for conservation declines with distance (e.g. Loomis 2000) – a phenomenon we refer to as “spatial value decay”. This paper begins a new strand of the conservation planning literature that takes demand-side factors – the location of people in the landscape and the degree to which their willingness to pay for an...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Endangered species; Optimal reserve-site selection; Spatial; Demand-side; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q24; Q57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49209

Combining Supply and Demand Estimates for Ecosystem Services from Cropland
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ma,   Shan; Swinton,   Scott M.; Lupi,   Frank.
Payment-for-Ecosystem-Services (PES) programs are gaining appeal as flexible approaches to inducing the voluntary provision of ecosystem services (ES). Farmers, who manage agricultural ecosystems, provide important nonmarket ecosystem services to the public by their choice of production inputs and management practices. Although there exist various PES programs in the United States and Europe, we are aware of none that was designed based on a comprehensive understanding of the underlying supply and demand of ecosystem services. Taking advantage of unique, coupled datasets of stated preferences, this paper combines a supply-side cost function of farmers’ willingness to adopt practices that provide increased ES with a demand-side social benefit function of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Payment-for-Ecosystem-Services (PES); Contingent valuation; Aggregate supply and demand; Cropland; Eutrophication; Greenhouse gas; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q11; Q51; Q57; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103501

Protected areas, tourism and development of the countryside
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Zurc,   Jana.
Paper replaced 11/2/10.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Protected areas; Development; Tourism; Slovenia; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Q01; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95306

Differential Influence of Relative Poverty on Preferences for Ecosystem Services: Evidence from Rural Indonesia
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Glenk,   Klaus; Barkmann,   Jan; Schwarze,   Stefan; Zeller,   Manfred; Marggraf,   Rainer.
Ecosystem services generate benefits that enter human consumption either directly or indirectly via their contribution to human production activities. In this contribution, we provide evidence that (i) the demand of peasants for ecosystem services in rural Indonesia depends on relative poverty; and that (ii) the type of reaction to poverty depends on the specific relation of the ecosystem services to peasant production and consumption. In early 2005 a representative choice experiment study was conducted in the Lore Lindu area in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, to quantify regional economic preferences (marginal willingessto- pay: MWTP) for four different ecosystem services (n=249; rattan and water availability, shading in cacao agroforestry, population size...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Relative poverty; Choice experiment; Ecosystem services; Environmental valuation; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q21; Q51; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25681

Optimal Allocation of Land for Conservation: A General Equilibrium Analysis
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Dissanayake,   Sahan T.M.; Nunez,   Hector M.
This paper was replaced with a revised version on 7/26/10
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation; General Equilibrium Modeling; Optimal Land Allocation; Conservation Tax; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q57; C68.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61820

Institutional Impediments to Groundwater Trading: the case of the Gnangara groundwater system of Western Australia
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Skurray,   James H.; Pandit,   Ram; Pannell,   David J.
The development of a market in groundwater usage rights can be inhibited by constraints arising from the institutional context. Such impediments may reduce the potential gains from trade and may generate high transaction costs for prospective traders.  We analyse the regulations and policies influencing groundwater transfers in a case-study area -- the Gnangara groundwater system around Perth, Western Australia -- and identify significant impediments to a groundwater market.  Property rights are found to be conditional, temporary, and vulnerable to amendment. Regulatory approval is required for all transfers. Facilitating infrastructure is lacking, and price information is unavailable. Management area boundaries reflect land ownership and use rather than...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q15; Q25; Q28; Q38; Q56; Q57; Q58; D02; R52; H41; H23; H11; D23; D47; D78; H44.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117825

Land Use Change and Ecosystem Valuation in North Georgia
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ngugi,   Daniel; Mullen,   Jeffrey D.; Bergstrom,   John C.
This study seeks to forecast land use change in a North Georgia ecosystem, and estimate the economic value of the ecosystem using benefit transfer techniques. We forecast land use change based on a structural time series model and a simple growth rate model.  The study suggests a lower bound willingness to pay value of about USD 16,000 per year to ensure compliance with fishing and drinking water quality standards with regard to fecal coliform bacteria and dissolved oxygen. Conservation efforts are likely to cost less than the cost of defensive behavior or ecosystem restoration.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem; Economic value; North Georgia; Land use; Water quality; Structural time series; Benefit transfer; Forecasting.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q51; Q53; Q57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46853

The Influence of Public Attitudes on Policies for Conserving Reptiles
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
General factors are outlined that may influence the support of members of the public for the conservation of different species of reptiles. Survey results are then summarised of the variations in the likeability of different species of reptiles as well as whether or not their survival is supported by those surveyed. The relationship between these two factors is outlined and its consequences for the survival of reptile species compared to birds and mammals is specified, assuming a decision situation like that depicted by the Noah’s Ark problem. Furthermore, the extent to which the results support the similarity principle are considered. A substantial dichotomy in the likeability of different reptile species is observed: turtle species tend to be liked much...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Attitudes to survival of species; Biodiversity conservation; Conservation policies; Crocodiles; Dichotomy in the likeability of reptiles; Ecotourism; Phylogenetic similarity principle; Reptiles; Snakes; Turtles.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Q2; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92771

Ecosystem Services and Western U.S. Rangelands
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Skaggs,   Rhonda K.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q24; Q28; Q57.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94652

Paying for Avoided Deforestation - Should We Do It?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sohngen,   Brent.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94502

Dynamic Processes in Contingent Valuation: A Case Study Involving the Mahogany Glider
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo; Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath.
This paper reports the results of an experiment involving a sample of 204 members of the public who were assessed on three occasions about their willingness to pay for the conservation of the mahogany glider. They were asked this question prior to information being provided to them about the glider and other focal wildlife species; after such information was provided, and finally after participants had had an opportunity to see live specimens of this glider. The mean willingness to pay of the relevant samples are compared and found to show significant variations. Theories are considered that help explain the dynamics of these variations. Serious concerns are raised about the capacity of information provision to reveal ‘true’ contingent valuations of public...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Awareness; Contingent valuation; Dynamic processes; Experiential learning; Information; Wildlife; Willingness to pay; Environmental Economics and Policy; D83; D84; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51414

How integrative modelling can break down disciplinary silos
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Kragt,   Marit Ellen; Robson,   Barbara J.; Macleod,   Christopher J.A.
This paper has been published in a peer-reviewed journal as:  Kragt, M.E., Robson, B.J. &amp; Macleod, C.J.A. (2013) Modellers’ roles in structuring integrative research projects. Environmental Modelling &amp; Software, 39(1): 322-330.  DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.06.015
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental modelling; Interdisciplinary research; Transdisciplinarity; Integration; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q57; Y80; Z19.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108768

Managing Forests for Sustainable Economic Development: Optimal Use and Conservation of Forests
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
The conservation of natural forests contributes significantly to the goal of achieving sustainable economic development. There is, however, growing concern that natural forests (which provide tangible and intangible economic benefits to humankind) are being lost at a rate which (combined with other factors) seriously threatens sustainable economic development because of the environmental and social impacts of such loss. There is little doubt that in order to achieve sustainable development, multifunctional forest ecosystems (as well as other important ecosystems) need to be managed appropriately. However, determining the socially optimal level of conservation and use of forests is a challenging task. From a human point of view, it is clearly not optimal to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Discount rates; Ecosystem services; Environmental conservation; Forests; Intergenerational equity; Multifunctionality; Resource economics; Sustainable development; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q20; Q23; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90465

Sustainable Agriculture: An Update
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Provides some background on concerns about the sustainability of agriculture, outlines and discusses views about what constitutes sustainable agriculture and contrasts the sustainability of modern industrialised agriculture with that of traditional agriculture. Then the question is considered (taking into account the available evidence) whether organic agriculture is more sustainable than non-organic agriculture. Barriers to switching from non-organic to organic agriculture are mentioned. The development of agriculture usually has a serious negative impact on wild biodiversity. Whether or not more intensive agriculture would reduce the negative ecological footprint is unclear but many scientists believe it will do this. Globally, there has been a rapid...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity loss; Genetically modified crops; Industrialised modern agriculture; Organic agriculture; Sustainable agriculture; Sustainable development; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q16; Q57.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/140549

Assessing the impact of rural policy on biodiversity: High Nature Value Farming in Italy
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Trisorio,   Antonella; Borlizzi,   Andrea.
Farming practices and the conservation value of farmland are intimately interconnected. The recent policy debate has shed light on the need to address farming activities towards a more sustainable path, and has advocated for a reallocation of payments towards farming systems that provide public goods. This paper aims to explore likely HNV farms policy needs through the use of HNV farming system indicators.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: High Nature Value; Monitoring and evaluation; Biodiversity indicator; Farming systems.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q18; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100042

THE MARGINAL COST OF AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sauer,   Johannes; Wossink,   Ada.
A3_2
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental services; Bio-economic modelling; Economies of scale and scope; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q18; Q57; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93939

Need, Greed or Customary Rights - Which Factors Explain the Encroachment of Protected Areas? Empirical Evidence from a Protected Area in Sulawesi, Indonesia
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Birner,   Regina; Maertens,   Miet; Zeller,   Manfred.
The encroachment of protected areas for agricultural and livestock production is an important challenge for nature conservation in developing countries. The driving forces of encroachment are debated - major arguments focus on (1) the need of local people to cultivate land inside protected areas due to poverty, (2) commercial interests of cultivating inside protected areas, which indicates free-riding ("greed"), and (3) resistance against protected areas caused by disregard of customary rights. Understanding the role of these factors is important for designing appropriate conservation and development strategies. The paper contributes to this understanding by analyzing the encroachment of a National Park in Sulawesi, Indonesia. The analysis is guided by a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land use change; Nature conservation; Household decision-making; Regulation; Indonesia; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q12; Q57.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25706

Marketed Outputs and Non-Marketed Outputs: The Marginal Costs of Producing Ecosystem Services
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Wossink,   Ada; Sauer,   Johannes.
We provide a new approach for assessing the cost of marginal ecosystem changes and the effectiveness of green payment schemes. The approach is based on a theoretical and empirical analysis of the bio-economic production interactions between marketed outputs and non-marketed ecosystem services at the micro level. To frame the economic nature of the problem, we employ a generalized joint production model in combination with cost minimization. The generalized joint production framework allows for the consideration of complementary, supplementary and competitive relationships between agricultural production and non-marketed ecosystem services generation and avoids double counting. From this theoretical model we distinguish three theoretical cases depending on...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Green payments; Bio-economic modelling; Economies of scale and scope; Program evaluation.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q18; Q57; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60804

Abatement and Transaction Costs of Carbon-Sink Projects Involving Smallholders
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Cacho,   Oscar J.; Lipper,   Leslie.
Agroforestry projects have the potential to help mitigate global warming by acting as sinks for greenhouse gasses. However, participation in carbon-sink projects may be constrained by high costs. This problem may be particularly severe for projects involving smallholders in developing countries. Of particular concern are the transaction costs incurred in developing projects, measuring, certifying and selling the carbon-sequestration services generated by such projects. This paper addresses these issues by analysing the implications of transaction and abatement costs in carbon-sequestration projects. A model of project participation is developed, which accounts for the conditions under which both buyers and sellers would be willing to engage in a carbon...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agroforestry; Climate Policy; Carbon Sequestration Costs; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q57; O1; O13.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9324

Measuring the Cost-effectiveness of Conservation Auctions Relative to Alternate Policy Mechanisms
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: White,   Benedict; Burton,   Michael P.
The principle motivation for using price-discriminating conservation auctions is that they are expected to be significantly more cost-effective than fixed-price mechanisms.  This paper measures cost effectiveness for tenders from two rounds of the Auction for Landscape Recovery in Western Australia relative to counterfactual fixed-price mechanisms.  If we assume that the bid equals the compliance cost, the auction gives a significant cost saving over fixed-price mechanisms.  If instead we assume that bids include an element of rent, fixed-price mechanisms can be more cost effective than the auction.  The significance of these results is that a fixed price scheme may achieve a similar level of cost effectiveness to a conservation auction, when one or more...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Auctions; Conservation; Bio-diversity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97798

Can Genetically Engineered and Organic Crops Coexist?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Greene,   Catherine R.; Smith,   Katherine R.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Q01; Q13; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94772

Do Refuge Requirements for Biotechnology Crops Promote Economic Efficiency? Some Evidence for Bt Cotton
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Livingston,   Michael J.; Storer,   Nicholas P.; Van Duyn,   John W.; Kennedy,   George G.
We examine producer behavior, resistance evolution, and returns under alternative refuge requirements in an eastern North Carolina region with multiple corn, cotton, and soybean fields infested by a mobile pest. Returns are highest, pyrethroid sprays occur least frequently, and pyrethroid resistance evolution is delayed most effectively with no refuge requirement. Complying with the current 20% refuge requirement costs the producer $8.67 per cotton acre, or $34.21 per non-transgenic insecticidal (Bt) cotton acre. Returns are highest under each refuge requirement when one-toxin Bt cotton is not phased out; however, removal of the technology at the earliest phase-out date minimizes regional pyrethroid sprays.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Bollworm; Bt cotton; Pyrethroids; Resistance; Structured refuge; Unstructured refuge; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16; Q56; Q57; Q58; R34; R38.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6619

An Interpretative Model of Aquaculture Multifunctionality: A Methodological Framework Definition
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: De Blasi,   Giuseppe; Acciani,   Claudio; De Boni,   A.; Roma,   R.
International trade agreements and the new EU CAP targets require the definition of a new type of subsidy, depending on the non-market functions provided by production activities.  The aim of the research project reported in this paper is to find a model to reward multifunctionality of aquaculture, defining all the positive externalities it involves and trying to calculate a monetary value for each of these.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environment; Bioeconomics; Distributional Effects; Ecological Economics; Water Pollution; Livestock Production/Industries; P28; Q52; Q53; Q57; Q58.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56002

On the Garden Path: An Economic Perspective on Prevention and Control Policies for an Invasive Species
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Kaiser,   Brooks A.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q20; Q57.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94378

Optimal Control of Spreading Biological Invasions: For How Long Should We Apply the Brake?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Carrasco,   Luis Roman; MacLeod,   Alan; Knight,   John D.; Baker,   Richard; Mumford,   John D.
Identifying the optimal switching point between different invasive alien species (IAS) management policies is a very complex task and policy makers are in need of modelling tools to assist them. In this paper we develop an optimal control bioeconomic model to estimate the type of optimal policy and switching point of control efforts against a spreading IAS. We apply the models to the case study of Colorado potato beetle in the UK. The results demonstrate that eradication is optimal for small initial sizes of invasion at discovery. High capacity of the agency to reduce spread velocity for several years leads to smaller total overall costs of invasion and makes eradication optimal for larger sizes of initial invasion. In many cases, it is optimal to switch...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Barrier zone; Biosecurity; Dynamic optimization; Eradication; Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Pest risk analysis; Reaction-diffusion.; Risk and Uncertainty; Q1; Q28; Q57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50940

Invasive Species Control over Space and Time:  Miconia calvescens on Oahu, Hawaii
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Burnett,   Kimberly M.; Kaiser,   Brooks A.; Roumasset,   James A.
The optimal size and location of an invasive species population depend upon spatially differentiated biological growth, economic costs, and damages.  Although largely absent from most economic models, spatial considerations matter because the likelihood and magnitude of the invasion vary spatially and the threatened assets may be unevenly distributed across space.  We map the current and future populations of an invasive species, Miconia calvescens, on Oahu, Hawaii, and the potential damages to water quantity, quality, and endangered-species habitat, and weigh these against treatment costs.  We find that optimal densities vary from approximately 1% to 18% cover throughout the island.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Geographical Information Systems; Hawaii; Invasive species; Miconia calvescens; Oahu; Spatial analysis; Watershed; Q23; Q25; Q28; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37274

A Net Present Value Model of Natural Gas Exploitation in Northern Alberta: An Analysis of Land Values in Woodland Caribou Ranges
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Hauer,   Grant; Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.; Jagodzinski,   Robert.
This report was prepared for the purpose of providing background documentation of inputs to be used in mathematical programming models and papers, which are being prepared for our research project: Ecological and economic tradeoff analysis of conservation strategies for woodland caribou. The report presents a simple net present value model of resource and land value for natural gas in northern Alberta. The variables in the model include costs (drilling, seismic, operating and capital); geological variables (stratigraphic intervals, booked reserves, future reserves); drilling variables (well densities, drilling success rates, and drilling depths); production data and prices. Each variable is described in detail and methods of derivation are provided. A map...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Net present value; Energy reserves; Natural gas; Caribou; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q49; Q32; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91422

The economic assessment of changes in ecosystem services: and application of the CGE methodology
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Bosello,   Francesco; Eboli,   Fabio; Parrado,   Ramiro; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.; Ding,   Helen; Rosa,   Renato.
The present study integrates Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) modelling with biodiversity services, proposing a possible methodology for assessing climate-change impacts on ecosystems. The assessment focuses on climate change impacts on carbon sequestration services provided by European forest, cropland and grassland ecosystems and on provisioning services, but provided by forest and cropland ecosystems only. To do this via a CGE model it is necessary to identify first the role that these ecosystem services play in marketable transactions; then how climate change can impact these services; and finally how the economic system reacts to those changes by adjusting demand and supply across sectors, domestically and internationally
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Ecosystems services; Integrated assessment; CGE; Environmental Economics and Policy; C68; Q51; Q54; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117622

On The Empirics of Ecosystem Services Schemes: Technology, Risk and Compliance
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sauer,   Johannes; Walsh,   John.
The overall aim of this study is to empirically investigate the cost structure of a management agreement type agri-environmental instrument and to identify factors for cost variation over space and time. We control for the actual level of compliance by using compliance weighted average scheme cost ratios. Beside technological and economic performance measures, we also incorporate risk proxies. In addition, we consider unobserved heterogeneity or path dependency with respect to unknown administrative, spatial and farm specific factors. Hence, we try to disentangle random and fixed scheme cost effects by applying a bootstrapped mixed-effects regression approach using the empirical case of the Environmental Stewardship Scheme in the UK. Regional and sectoral...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Policy Ecosystem Services Risk Mixed-Effects Panel Regression Environmental Economics and Policy Public Economics Resource /Energy Economics and Policy Q18; Q57; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61147

Invasive Species and Biosecurity: Cost of Monitoring and Controlling Mediterranean Fruit Flies in Florida
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Pierre,   Raphael; Spreen,   Thomas H.; Moss,   Charles B.
The growing movement of people and goods that started in the closing years of the twentieth century has increased the possibility of the accidental or intentional introduction of biohazards that can affect agricultural production in the United States.  This study examines the ex ante decision between the deployment of monitoring devices (traps) versus the use of countermeasures to control Mediterranean fruit flies in Florida.  To examine this tradeoff, this study outlines a mathematical model to study the effectiveness of traps and the cost of treatment.  The empirical results presented in this study indicate that additional parameterization efforts are needed.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biohazards; Conditional probability; Cost of eradication; Density functions; Food Security and Poverty; C60; Q12; Q57.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43770

The Impact of Agriculture on Waterfowl Abundance: Evidence from Panel Data
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Wong,   Linda; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Clarke,   Judith A.
Agricultural expansion and intensification in Canada’s Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) have contributed to declining waterfowl populations since the 1970s. Although this region represents a mere 10% of North America’s waterfowl breeding habitat, it produces over 50% of the continent’s duck population and roughly 60% of Canada’s agricultural output. Thus, intense competition exists between private economic interests and public benefits in the PPR. To better understand the conflict between agricultural and wildlife uses of land, panel methods are used to examine the spatiotemporal variation of waterfowl populations and agricultural land use intensity in the PPR from 1961-2006. For the main static model, we find that a one percent increase in cropland or pasture...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wetlands protection; Spatial econometrics; GIS; Land use conflict; Migratory waterfowl; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57; C33; Q15; Q24.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98422

Auswertung von Daten des Integrierten Verwaltungs- und Kontrollsystems zur Abschätzung von Wirkungen der EU-Agrarreform auf Umwelt und Landschaft
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Osterburg,   Bernhard; Nitsch,   Heike; Laggner,   Birgit; Roggendorf,   Wolfgang.
Zusammenfassung: Der vorliegende Arbeitsbericht entstand im Rahmen des F+E-Vorhabens „Naturschutzfachliche Bewertung der GAP - Effizienzsteigerung durch Nutzung bestehender Datenbestände“, das durch das Bundesamt für Naturschutz (BfN) mit Mitteln des Bundesministeriums für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit gefördert wurde. Ziel dieses Projektes war die Untersuchung flächenbezogener Auswirkungen der im Jahr 2003 beschlossenen EU-Agrarreform in Hinblick auf naturschutzrelevante Fragestellungen.                                                                                                                        Grundlage für quantitative Analysen bildeten die Daten des Integrierten Verwaltungs- und Kontrollsystems (InVeKoS), Fachkarten zu...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agrarreform; InVeKoS-Daten; Flächennutzung; Grünland; Naturschutz; Agricultural reform; IACS-data; Land use; Grassland; Nature conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q24; Q28; Q57; Q58.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104011

Valuation of Linkages between Climate Change, Biodiversity and Productivity of European Agro-Ecosystems
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Palatnik,   Ruslana Rachel; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
It is clear that climate change involves changes in temperature and precipitation and therefore directly affects land productivity. However, this is not the only channel for climatic change to affect agro-systems. Biodiversity is subject to climatic fluctuations and in turn may alter land productivity too. Firstly, biodiversity is an input into agro-ecosystems. Secondly, biodiversity supports the functioning of these systems (e.g. the balancing of the nutrient cycle). Thirdly, agro-systems also host important wildlife species which, though not always, play a functional role in land productivity, nonetheless constitute important sources of landscape amenities. The present paper illustrates a unique attempt to economically assess this additional effect...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Biodiversity; Agro-Ecosystems; Agribusiness; D58; Q54; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98096

Selective vs. Broad-Spectrum Pesticides: When Do Private Decisions Differ from Socially Optimal Decisions?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Grogan,   Kelly A.; Goodhue,   Rachael E.
This paper examines the spatial externalities of conventional and organic pest control methods to determine if, and how, the two types affect each other. These interactions make the problem more complicated than the usual analysis of a single externality. The numerical simulation model includes one organically managed and one conventionally managed field. One pest and one predator of the pest move between the two fields over five seasons. In each season, the conventional grower has the option of applying a broad-spectrum pesticide that kills the predator a selective pesticide that has no adverse effects on the predator but is either more expensive or less effective than the broad-spectrum pesticide. The organic grower can apply an organic pesticide,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Spatial-dynamic games; Spatial externalities; Non-cooperative games; Organic agriculture; Biological control; Agricultural policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C61; C72; Q18; Q52; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103760

Wheat Diversity and Productivity in Indian Punjab After the Green Revolution
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Smale,   Melinda; Singh,   Joginder; Di Falco,   Salvatore; Zambrano,   Patricia.
The Punjab of India is an historical source of key wheat genetic resources in national and global plant breeding, and a focus of concerns about the abandonment of local varieties during the Green Revolution. Much of the wheat area in Punjab was already planted with earlier products of modern plant breeding programs when the Green Revolution began. These cultivars were more genetically similar and less productive than the semi-dwarf wheat varieties that succeeded them. We define, summarize and test indices of variety change and genetic diversity for the modern wheat varieties released and grown in Indian Punjab during the post-Green Revolution period. The first is the area-weighted average of varieties grown, which measures the rate of variety change,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Wheat; Genetic diversity; Indian Punjab; Productivity; Crop Production/Industries; Q12; Q57.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25794

Valuing Recreational Benefits of a National Park in Andean Colombia
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Alvarez,   Sergio; Larkin,   Sherry L.
Protected undeveloped areas are an important tool for land conservation in developing nations. Efficient land allocation decisions and resource management requires knowledge of non-market benefits. Using travel cost and contingent valuation data from on-site interviews and secondary data on visitation, this study will value a national park in Columbia.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Consumer surplus; Non-market valuation; Willingness to pay; Zonal travel cost; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q24; Q26; Q57.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6732

World Heritage Listing of Australian Natural Sites: Effects on Tourism, Economic Value and Conservation
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This article is primarily concerned with the economic consequences of World Heritage listing for the valuation of natural properties and the economic impacts of this listing. Australian data is used to throw light on this subject. Conceptual problems that arise in valuation are explored and several neglected limitations of the travel cost method for estimating the demand for visits to natural sites are mentioned. The importance of economic impact analysis in this context (especially its political ramifications) is given attention. The use of World Heritage listing for political purposes is discussed. It is argued that World Heritage listing favours the long-term conservation of natural properties.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation of natural areas; Economic impact analysis; Economic valuation; Tourism; Travel cost method; World Heritage listing.; Environmental Economics and Policy; L83; Q26; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94306

Land Use Change, Benefit Transfer and Ecosystem Valuation in North Georgia
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ngugi,   Daniel; Mullen,   Jeffrey D.; Bergstrom,   John C.
This study seeks to forecast land use change in a North Georgia ecosystem, and estimate the economic value of the ecosystem using benefit transfer techniques. We forecast land use change based on a structural time series model and a simple growth rate model.  The study suggests a lower bound willingness to pay value of about USD 16,000 per year to ensure compliance with fishing and drinking water quality standards with regard to fecal coliform bacteria and dissolved oxygen. Conservation efforts are likely to cost less than the cost of defensive behavior or ecosystem restoration.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem; Economic value; North Georgia; Land use; Water quality; Structural time series; Benefit transfer; Forecasting; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q51; Q53; Q57; R14.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47110

Using Incentives to Buy Land-Use Change in Agriculture for Environmental Benefits
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Pannell,   David J.
In general, the use of incentive payments to landholders in environmental programs is poorly thought through. This article discusses situations where environmental incentive payments are more likely to be a cost-effective response by environmental funders. It is proposed that incentives can be used in two broad ways: to encourage trialling of new practices by landholders, or to compensate landholders for losses resulting from land-use changes. It appears that environmental funders often do not pay sufficient attention to the differences between these two approaches. The first approach only makes sense if the new practices are 'adoptable', and so are expected to remain attractive to landholders beyond the trialling phase. The importance of adoptability and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental subsidies; Incentives; Externalities; Adoption of innovations; Environmental policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q24; Q28; Q57; Q58; H23; H4.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25397

Using Auctions for Conservation Contracts to Protect Queensland's Vegetation: Lessons from the Vegetation Incentives Program
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Comerford,   Emma; Binney,   Jim.
Auctions for conservation contracts are experiencing great popularity in Australia due to their perceived cost effectiveness. However, there is still much to be learned about this economic instrument. Queensland's state government recently decided to use an auction mechanism to allocate a $12 million incentives program. This was called the Queensland Vegetation Incentives Package (VIP), and was aimed at encouraging better protection and management of high value non-remnant vegetation. The PhD work of the presenting author is using the VIP as a case study to explore the use of auctions for conservation contracts in Queensland. In particular, observing the VIP gives insight into participant behaviour and the impact of the policy formation process on an...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use; Q50; Q57; Q58.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25495

Agricultural land management strategies to reduce phosphorus loads in the Gippsland Lakes, Australia
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Roberts,   Anna M.; Pannell,   David J.; Doole,   Graeme J.; Vigiak,   Olga.
A target to reduce phosphorus flows into the Gippsland Lakes in south-eastern Australia by 40 per cent to improve water quality has previously been established by stakeholders. An integrated analysis at the catchment scale is undertaken to assess the agricultural land management changes required to achieve this target, and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of these changes. It appears technically feasible to achieve a 40 per cent reduction in P load entering the lakes, but the least-costly way of doing so would require around A$1 billion over 20 years, a dramatic increase in the current levels of funding provided for management. On the other hand, a 20 per cent P reduction could be achieved at much lower cost: around $80 million over 20 years and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Benefit: cost analysis; Dairy; Diffuse source; Trade-offs; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q15; Q25; Q53; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102454

CAN DOMESTICATION OF WILDLIFE LEAD TO CONSERVATION? THE ECONOMICS OF TIGER FARMING IN CHINA
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Abbott,   Brant; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Tigers are a threatened species that might soon disappear in the wild. Not only are tigers threatened by deteriorating and declining habitat, but poachers continue to kill tigers for traditional medicine, decoration pieces and so on. Although international trade in tiger products has been banned since 1987 and domestic trade within China since 1993, tigers continue to be poached and Chinese entrepreneurs have established tiger farms in anticipation of their demise. While China desires to permit sale of tiger products from captive-bred tigers, this is opposed on the grounds that it likely encourages illegal killing. Instead, wildlife conservationists lobby for more spending on anti-poaching and trade-ban enforcement. In this study, a mathematical...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Endangered species and extinction; Wildlife farming; Economics of natural; Mathematical bioeconomics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q27; C61; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61071

Elephants and the Ivory Trade Ban: Summary of Research Results
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economics of elephant conservation; Economics of ivory trade; Trade bans; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q57; Q27; O13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57807

Environmental Services Programs for the Chesapeake Bay
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Shabman,   Leonard A.; Rose,   Bob; Stephenson,   Kurt.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem Services; Payment for Ecosystem Services; Water Quality; Chesapeake Bay; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28; Q53; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117405

Positive Analysis of Invasive Species Control as a Dynamic Spatial Process
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Buyuktahtakin,   Esra; Feng,   Zhuo; Olsson,   Aaryn; Frisvold,   George B.; Szidarovszky,   Ferenc.
This paper models control of invasive buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare), a fire-prone African bunchgrass spreading rapidly across the southern Arizona desert as a spatial dynamic process. Buffelgrass spreads over a gridded landscape. Weed carrying capacity, treatment costs, and damages vary over grid cells. Damage from buffelgrass depends on its spatial  distribution in relation to valued resources. We conduct positive analysis of recommended heuristic strategies for buffelgrass control, evaluating their ability to prevent weed establishment and to reduce damage indices over time. The high dimensionality of the problem makes full dynamic optimization intractable. However, two heuristic strategies – potential damage weighting and consecutive year treatment –...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Invasive species; Integer programming; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61753

Bioeconomic modeling of wetlands and waterfowl in Western Canada: Accounting for amenity values
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Withey,   Patrick; Wong,   Linda.
This study extends an original bioeconomic model of optimal duck harvest and wetland retention by bringing in amenity values related to the nonmarket (in situ) benefits of waterfowl plsi the ecosystem values of wetlands themselves. The model maximizes benefits to hunters as well as the amenity values of ducks and ecosystem benefits of wetlands, subject to the population dynamics. Results indicate that wetlands and duck harvests need to be increased relative to historical levels. Further, the socially optimal ratio of duck harvest to wetlands is larger than what has been observed historically. Including amenity values leads to a significant increase in the quantity of wetlands and duck harvests relative to models that focus only on hunting values.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bioeconomic modelling; Wetland protection; Wildlife management; Nonmarket values; Prairie pothole region; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57; C61; Q25.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94936

Assessing national values to protect the health of the Great Barrier Reef
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Rolfe,   John; Windle,   Jill.
The aim of this study was to estimate the values to protect the health of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) at the national level and to examine the effects of distance decay on valuation estimates. A split-sample choice-modelling experiment was conducted in six locations: a regional town within the GBR catchment area (Townsville); Brisbane, the state capital approximately 450 km from the southern limit of the GBR; and four other capital cities (Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide and Perth) ranging from nearly 1,000 km to over 4,000 km from Brisbane. The results suggest that the average WTP across Australian households is $21.68 per household per annum for five years. There was some evidence of distance decay in values. Most decline occurred once outside the home...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Distance decay; Iconic resources; Choice modelling experiment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100732

Economic Valuation of Forest Ecosystem Services: Methodology and Monetary Estimates
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Chiabai,   Aline; Travisi,   Chiara M.; Ding,   Helen; Markandya,   Anil; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
By using ad hoc value transfer protocols, this paper offers a methodological contribution and provides accurate per hectare estimates of the economic value of some selected ecosystem services for all forest biomes in the world, identified following the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment taxonomy MEA. The research also estimates potential total economic losses from policy inaction in year 2050. Final results show that total losses are significant. The total figure is €78 billion, the greatest losses coming from North America and Mexico, followed by Africa, Russia and some Asiatic countries. Most of this loss is attributable to provisioning services and carbon sequestration, while only a minor part is due to loss of cultural services. In terms of biomes the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forest; Ecosystem Services; Biodiversity; Valuation; Value Transfer; Environmental Economics and Policy; O13; Q23; Q26; Q51; Q54; Q57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50361

Predicting the Deforestation-Trend Under Different Carbon-Prices
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Kindermann,   Georg E.; Obersteiner,   Michael; Rametsteiner,   Ewald; McCallcum,   Ian.
Background: Global carbon stocks in forest biomass are decreasing by 1.1 Gt of carbon annually, owing to continued deforestation and forest degradation. Deforestation emissions are partly offset by forest expansion and increases in growing stock primarily in the extra-tropical north. Innovative financial mechanisms would be required to help reducing deforestation. Using a spatially explicit integrated biophysical and socio-economic land use model we estimated the impact of carbon price incentive schemes and payment modalities on deforestation. One payment modality is adding costs for carbon emission, the other is to pay incentives for keeping the forest carbon stock intact.  Results: Baseline scenario calculations show that close to 200mil ha or around 5%...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Deforestation; Carbon Prices; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57; Q58.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9326

Ecotourism as a Means of Conserving Wetlands
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Pemberton,   Carlisle A.; Mader-Charles,   Kathleen.
The Nariva Swamp on the island of Trinidad in the Caribbean is being degraded due to increasing human activity.  However, its conservation is desirable, as it is an internationally recognized wetland.  The study examined an ecotourism project, with an emphasis on community participation, as a conservation approach to the Swamp, via benefit-cost analysis, where the benefits of conservation were measured by contingent valuation.  Contingent valuation showed that the residents of Trinidad were willing to pay an average of $56 for conserving the Swamp.  The analysis also showed that ecotourism represents an economically feasible use of ecologically fragile resources of this wetland.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Benefit-cost analysis; Contingent valuation of wetlands; Ecotourism; Q26; Q51; Q57; R14.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43521

Le performance ambientali dei processi di produzione agricola. Cosa la Carbon Footprint dei prodotti agroalimentari non è in grado di dire.
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Passeri,   N.; Blasi,   E.; Franco,   Silvio.
Molti studi analizzano il rapporto tra produzione agricola ed emissioni di gas serrra. Nella quantificazione dell’impatto ambientale del settore aagroalimentare, in termini di gas serra, si sta affermando la metodologia del Life Cycle Assesment (LCA) normata dalle ISO 14040 e 14044. Tra i diversi i risultati, l’analisi LCA determina l’Impronta Carbonica (C Carbon Footprint), derivante dagli utilizzi di materia ed energia nelle fasi di produzione, trasformazione, distribuzione, consumo e smaltimento di un prodootto agroalimentare. La metodologia LCA considera l’attività agricola come un processo industriale e, concentrandosi sulla determinazione delle emissioni per i singoli fattori immessi nei processi produtt tivi e non considerando l’intrinseca capacità...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Carbon footprint; Bilancio ecologico; Produzione agricola; Impronta ecologica; Impatto ambientale.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q56; Q57; Q18.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124124

Assessing community values for reducing agricultural emissions to improve water quality and protect coral health in the Great Barrier Reef
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Rolfe,   John; Windle,   Jill.
Key policy issues relating to protection of the Great Barrier Reef from pollutants generated by agriculture are to identify when measures to improve water quality generate benefits to society that outweigh the costs of reducing pollutants. The research reported in this paper makes a key contribution in several key ways. First, it uses the improved science understanding about the links between management changes and reef health to bring together the analysis of costs and benefits of marginal changes, helping to demonstrate the appropriate way of addressing policy questions relating to reef protection. Second, it uses the scientific relationships to frame a choice experiment to value the benefits of improved reef health, and links improvements explicitly to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Choice modelling experiment; Attribute definition; Input output definition; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q. 15; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100705

The Economic Valuation of Marine Ecosystems
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.; Ding,   Helen; Markandya,   Anil.
In a democratic system, policy makers have to take the preferences of the citizens into account. Since we live in a world with scarce resources, one is asked to make choices regarding the use and management of these resources. In this context, if policy makers decide to invest in the protection of marine ecosystems, less financial resources will be available for other policy areas, for example national health. Moreover, the investment in the protection of marine ecosystems brings along with it the provision of a wide range of benefits to humans though most are not priced in the existing markets – for example climate regulation and provision of habitat for biodiversity. Given that most human activities are priced in one way or other, in some decision...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic Valuation; Marine Ecosystem; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Approach; Europe; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q50; Q57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54286

The Economics of Biotechnology under Ecosystem Disruption
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Pemsl,   Diemuth E.; Waibel,   Hermann; Gutierrez,   Andrew P.
Economic analysis of chemical pesticide use has shown that the interactions between plants, pests, damage control technology and state of the ecosystem are important variables to be considered. Hence, a bio-economic model was developed for the assessment of Bt variety and pesticide-based control strategies of the cotton bollworm in China. The model simulates plant growth, the dynamics of pest populations and of natural enemies. The model predictions are used as major inputs for a stochastic partial budgeting procedure of alternative control strategies. Results show that: (1) productivity effects of Bt varieties and pesticide use depend on the action of natural control agents, and (2) the profitability of damage control measures increases with the severity...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q57; Q55; O13; O3.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25335

Estudio de las preferencias por los elementos agrarios del paisaje mediante los metodos del analisis conjunto y valoracion contingente
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sayadi,   Samir; Roa,   Maria Carmen Gonzalez; Calatrava-Requena,   Javier.
RESUMEN: Entre las externalidades producidas por la actividad agraria hay que considerar su aportación a la configuración del paisaje, es decir, la externalidad estética de los agroecosistemas.  Su conocimiento y valoración adquiere cada vez más relevancia. En el presente trabajo se han utilizado los métodos de Análisis Conjunto y Valoración Contingente para estudiar, por una parte, la importancia relativa de la componente agraria en la función de utilidad derivada del disfrute de los paisajes de Las Alpujarras (Granada-España) y, por otra, la disposición a pagar de los entrevistados por disfrutar de dichos paisajes. Se ha realizado un test a una muestra de potenciales visitantes a la zona, utilizando tres elementos básicos de los paisajes: cubierta...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Conjoint Analysis; Contingent Valuation; Agrarian Landscapes; Sustainable Rural Development; Land Economics/Use; Q56; Q57; D62; Q26.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28733

The impact of changing agricultural policies on jointly used rough pastures in the Bavarian Pre-Alps - an economic and ecological scenario approach
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Roeder,   Norbert; Lederbogen,   Dirk; Trautner,   Juergen; Bergamini,   Ariel; Stofer,   Silvia; Scheidegger,   Christoph.
The following paper assesses the impact of different policy options on the land use and associated biodiversity values of jointly organized low intensity grazing systems (‘Allmende’) in Southern Bavaria. We use an integrated economic and ecological modelling approach to compare the results of the scenarios with a reference situation that reflects the Common Agricultural Policy prior to the Fischler Reform. The economic sub model is based on single farms which alter their land use in response to economic stimuli. Within the economic part, key factors like the farm’s endowment with machinery, quota and buildings but also the farmer’s attitude are regarded. Within the rule based ecological sub model we analyze three main parameters: (a) protected habitats...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: CAP; Agent based modelling; BioAssess; Impact assessment; Biodiversity; Agriculture; Target species; EC Habitats Directive; Land Economics/Use; Q18; Q57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51070

Conservation Auctions in Manitoba: A Summary of a Series of Workshops
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Packman,   Katherine; Boxall,   Peter C.
Currently, the effect of human impact on the environment is becoming increasingly apparent. The encroachment of human activity has inevitably resulted in the loss or impairment of ecological goods and services (EG&amp;S) around the globe as well as in our own backyard. EG&amp;S include features such as wildlife habitat, biodiversity, soil renewal, or nutrient cycling. The loss of such features has become a sobering reality for Manitobans in the face of the utrophication of Lake Winnipeg as a result of practices contributing to nutrient loading into the lake. Since EG&amp;S are very important to Manitobans, efforts are being made to explore different vehicles to encourage their provision. In order to address some of the environmental issues transpiring in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market based instruments; Conservation auction; Tender; Wetland restoration; Environmental Economics and Policy; D44; Q20; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91423

Biomass Supply from Alternative Cellulosic Crops and Crop Residues: A Preliminary Spatial Bioeconomic Modeling Approach
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Egbendewe-Mondzozo,   Aklesso; Swinton,   Scott M.; Izaurralde,   R. Cesar; Manowitz,   David H.; Zhang,   Xuesong.
This paper introduces a spatial bioeconomic model for study of potential cellulosic biomass supply at regional scale. By modeling the profitability of alternative crop production practices, it captures the opportunity cost of replacing current crops by cellulosic biomass crops. The model draws upon biophysical crop input-output coefficients, price and cost data, and spatial transportation costs in the context of profit maximization theory. Yields are simulated using temperature, precipitation and soil quality data with various commercial crops and potential new cellulosic biomass crops. Three types of alternative crop management scenarios are simulated by varying crop rotation, fertilization and tillage. The cost of transporting biomass to a specific...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biomass production; Bioenergy supply; Biofuel policy; Bioenergy; Cellulosic ethanol; Agro-ecosystem economics; Ecosystem services economics; Agro-environmental trade-off analysis; Mathematical programming; EPIC; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q16; Q15; Q57; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98277

Explaining Differences in Farm Sustainability: Evidence from Flemish Dairy Farms
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Van Passel,   Steven; Mathijs,   Erik; Van Huylenbroeck,   Guido.
An important objective of European agricultural policy is to have a sustainable, efficient farming sector, which uses environmentally-friendly production methods. Agricultural policy makers aim to combine strong economic performance with a sustainable use of natural resources. There is thus a need for tools allowing quantification of farm sustainability as well as for empirical research assessing, analysing and explaining differences in farm sustainability. Using a large dataset of dairy farms, we apply the concept of sustainable value creation to benchmark farm sustainability performance. An effect model captures the determinants of the differences in sustainability among Flemish dairy farms. Our empirical model shows that both managerial and structural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustainability assessment; Efficiency; Dairy farming; Performance measurement; Livestock Production/Industries; Q51; Q56; Q57; Q58; Q12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25262

Notes on the Economics of Control of Wildlife Pests
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Some wildlife species are agricultural pests but these populations are often valued by other than agriculturalists. For non-farmers, the population levels of such wildlife are frequently pure public goods. This is one source of market failure in the economically optimal social control of an agricultural pest of this type. Secondly, if the species is geographically mobile, externalities occur between farmers in the control of the species, and this reduces the incentives of farmers as individuals to control the pest species. It is shown that depending on the relative strength of these opposing types of market failure, farmers may excessively reduce or insufficiently decrease the population of a species from a social economic point of view.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Market failure; Mobility of pests; Pest control; Pure public goods.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90467

Dynamic Programming and Learning Models for Management of a Nonnative Species
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Eiswerth,   Mark E.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Lines,   Jeff M.; Eagle,   Alison J.
Nonnative invasive species result in sizeable economic damages and expensive control costs. Because dynamic optimization models break down if controls depend in complex ways on past controls, non-uniform or scale-dependent spatial attributes, etc., decision support systems that allow learning may be preferred. We compare three models of an invasive weed in California’s grazing lands: (1) a stochastic dynamic programming model, (2) a reinforcement-based, experience-weighted attraction (EWA) learning model, and (3) an EWA model that also includes stochastic forage growth and penalties for repeated application of environmentally harmful control techniques. Results indicate that EWA learning models may be appropriate for invasive species management.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Invasive weed species; Optimal control; Adaptive management; Environmental Economics and Policy; C73; Q57.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37015

Price-based Valuation of Rice Genetic Diversity in Nepal
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Pant,   Krishna Prasad.
The study valuates different useful traits of rice landraces in Nepal to demonstration an empirical methodology for biodiversity valuation. A sample of 200 rice growers in hills and plain area was surveyed for the production of different landraces and their market price.  For estimating the value put by the consumers on different rice traits a hedonic pricing model was used to disaggregate the prices paid by the consumers for different useful traits of rice. For estimating derived demand of seeds with different useful traits by the farmers, a contingent valuation method is employed.  The results show that the consumers value Rs 11 billion per annum for aromatic trait and rupees two billion for tasty trait. The findings of the study will be helpful to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agro biodiversity; Rice landrace; Biodiversity valuation; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57; Q51.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51642

Scaling up Ecosystem Services Values: Methodology, Applicability and a Case Study
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Brander,   Luke M.; Ghermandi,   Andrea; Kuik,   Onno; Markandya,   Anil; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.; Schaafsma,   Marije; Wagtendonk,   Alfred.
The approach of using existing data on economic values of local ecosystem services for an assessment of these values at a larger geographical scale can be called “scaling up”. In a scaling-up exercise, economic values from a particular study site are transferred to another geographical setting, for instance to the regional, national or global scale. This paper proposes a methodology for scaling up ecosystem service values to a European level, assesses the availability of data for conducting this method, and illustrates the procedure with a case study on wetland values. The proposed methodology makes use of meta-analysis to produce a value function that is subsequently applied to individual European wetland sites. Site-specific, study-specific and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem Services; Value Transfer; Meta-Analysis; Wetland Values; Environmental Economics and Policy; C81; Q24; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60689

Modelling the value of a multifunctional landscape – A discrete choice experiment
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Borresch,   Rene; Maas,   Sarah; Schmitz,   Kim; Schmitz,   P. Michael.
In the context of today’s intensive discussion of landscape multifunctionality, one primary objective of the current European Union policy is to support the implementation of multifunctionaly within the EU. In order to assess the economical feasibility of the implementation of a multifunctional land use in the Wetterau region in Germany this study addresses the question whether the local population, which is above all affected by the degradation of landscapes, benefits from a change from today’s landscape dominated by intensive agricultural production towards a multifunctional landscape. Based on data obtained by discrete choice experiments in the Wetterau region, a cost-benefit-analysis is carried out using the modelling and assessment framework CHOICE....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Landscape multifunctionality; CHOICE; Discrete choice experiments; Willingness-to-Pay; Cost-benefit-analysis; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q24; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51641

Impacts of labour on interactions between economics and animal welfare in extensive sheep farms
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Vosough Ahmadi,   Bouda; Dwyer,   Cathy M.; Erhard,   H.W.; Morgan-Davies,   Claire; Waterhouse,   A.; Milne,   Catherine E.; Kupiec-Teahan,   Beata; Ringrose,   Sian; Goddard,   Pete; Phillips,   Kate; Stott,   Alistair W.
This study quantified interactions between animal welfare and farm profitability in British extensive sheep farming systems. Qualitative welfare assessment methodology was used to assess welfare from the animal's perspective in 20 commercial extensive sheep farms and to estimate labour demand for welfare, based on the assessed welfare scores using data collected from farm inventories. The estimated labour demand was then used as a coefficient in a linear program based model to establish the gross margin maximising farm management strategy for given farm situations, subject to constraints that reflected current resource limitations including labour supply. Regression analysis showed a significant relationship between the qualitative welfare assessment...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sheep; Labour; Animal Welfare; Linear Programme; Livestock Production/Industries; C6; Q10; Q19; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91803

Incentives to Supply Enhanced Ecosystem Services from Cropland
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Jolejole,   Christina B.; Swinton,   Scott M.; Lupi,   Frank.
This paper examines the willingness of farmers to participate in hypothetical programs that would pay them to adopt cropping practices that enhance provision of ecosystem services from agriculture. A survey of 3,000 Michigan corn and soybean farmers elicited willingness to adopt four sets of cropping practices that reflected increasing levels of environmental stewardship. Acreage enrollments in the programs were modeled using hurdle models. The acreage that farmers would be willing to enroll depends chiefly on farm size and the perception of environmental improvements from the practices.  For farms over 500 acres, the payment offered was also a significant inducement to acreage enrollment in all systems examined. This paper advances the literature on...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Willingness to participate; Willingness to accept; Stated preference; Supply response; Ecosystem services; Payment for environmental services; Agricultural policy; Agro-environmental policy; Environmental policy; Corn; Soybean; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q18; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49356

Dynamic Contingent Valuation and Choice Modelling for Ecosystem Services
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Hertzler,   Greg.
Non market valuation and bio economic modelling are combined in a dynamic model of ecosystem services. A mathematical proof demonstrates that the imputed price of natural capital contains all non market values and that scarcity rent is the total value of ecosystem services. A dynamic demand system, including characteristics is derived. New methods are developed for dynamic welfare analysis and both revealed and stated preference methods are proposed for estimating the price of natural capital. Estimation is simple if we avoid surveying consumers who degrade the ecosystem and instead consult owners who accrue the scarcity rent and conserve for the future.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Non market valuation; Ecosystem services; Lancaster demand; Welfare analysis; Analytical solutions; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q57; Q51; Q56.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6024

Marine Protected Areas in Fisheries Management
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Greenville,   Jared W.; MacAulay,   T. Gordon.
The use of protected areas as a fishery management tool has been suggested as a hedge against management failures and variation in harvests. A stochastic bioeconomic model of a two-species fishery will be used to test the performance of protected areas as a management tool in a fishery with heterogenous environments. Protected areas are analysed under density-dependent and sink-source dispersal relationships between environments within the fishery. The model is applied to Manning Bioregion in NSW. Protected area performance as a tool for fisheries will be analysed given the existing management arrangement. The focus of the study is placed on the biological and economic characteristics that yield benefits to the fishery.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Fisheries; Fisheries management; Bioeconomics; Marine protected areas; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q2; Q22; Q28; Q57.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25532

The Effect of Climate Change on Land Use and Wetlands Conservation in Western Canada: An Application of Positive Mathematical Programming
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Withey,   Patrick; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
This study examines the impact of climate change on land use in the Prairie Pothole Region of Western Canada, with particular emphasis on how climate change will impact wetlands. A multi-region Positive Mathematical Programming model calibrates land use in the area to observed acreage in 2006. Policy simulations for both climate effects as well as the effects of biofuel policies determine how climate change will affect land use and wetlands. Given that the model calibrates to observed acreage, the policies provide a realistic view of how land use might change from current levels, given the effects of climate change. Results indicate that climate change could decrease wetlands in this area by as much as 50 percent. The effect will be very different...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Positive mathematical programming; Wetlands conservation; Land use change; Climate change; Biofuels; Prairie pothole region; Environmental Economics and Policy; C02; C63; Q15; Q54; Q57; Q24; Q25.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107095

The Economic Significance of Bioeconomic Feedback Loops: The Case of a Recreational Fishery
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Deisenroth,   Daniel B.; Craig,   Bond.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bioeconomic; Feedback; Optimal Control; Fishery; Dynamic; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61414

Multiregional Invasive Species Management:  Theory and an Application to Florida's Exotic Plants
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Kim,   C.S.; Lee,   Donna J.; Schaible,   Glenn D.; Vasavada,   Utpal.
This research develops a multiregional optimal control model that incorporates regional allocation of a public budget for controlling invasive plants when regionally differential recreation demand functions and species control costs are present.  Our equimarginal condition for optimal budget allocation equates the relative marginal economic benefits per dollar spent across regions.  The model was applied to Florida Public Conservation Land regions, and results indicate that the magnitude of an annual management budget affects its distribution among species management regions, but the size of the intrinsic growth rate does not affect the pattern of budget allocation among regions.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Budget allocation; Equimarginal condition; Florida invasive species; Invasive plants; Optimal control; B41; C02; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37141

BEHAVIOURS OF CONSERVATION ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS. Analysis based on New (and not so new) Institutional Economics
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This article draws mostly (but not entirely) on new institutional economics to consider the likely behaviours of non-government conservation organizations and the implications of these behaviours for biodiversity conservation. It considers how institutional factors may result in behaviour of conservation NGOs diverging from their objectives, including their support for biodiversity conservation; examines aspects of rent capture and conservation alliances; specifies social factors that may restrict the diversity of species supported by NGOs for conservation; considers bounded rationality in relation to the operation of conservation NGOs; and using game theory, shows how competition between NGOs for funding can result in economic inefficiencies and narrow...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Australia; Biodiversity conservation; Bounded rationality; Civil society; Common Agricultural Policy; European Union; Landcare; Mixed goods; New institutional economics; New Zealand; NGOs; Principal-and-agent problem; Political acceptability; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy; Q00; Q2; Q5; Q57; Z13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6185

Securing the Border from Invasives:  Robust Inspections Under Severe Uncertainty
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Moffitt,   L. Joe; Stranlund,   John K.; Osteen,   Craig D.
Two important features of agricultural quarantine inspections of shipping containers for invasive species at U.S. ports of entry are the general absence of economic considerations and the severe uncertainty that surrounds invasive species introductions. In this article, we propose and illustrate a method for determining an inspection monitoring protocol that addresses both issues. An inspection monitoring protocol is developed that is robust in maximizing the set of uncertain outcomes over which an economic performance criterion is achieved. The framework is applied to derive an alternative to Agricultural Quarantine Inspection (AQI) for shipments of fruits and vegetables as currently practiced at ports of entry in the United States.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Inspection; Invasive Species; Uncertainty; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Public Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; Q18; Q57; D81.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53127

The Impacts of Wildlife Conservation Policies on Rural Household Welfare in Zambia
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Fernandez,   Ana; Richardson,   Robert B.; Tschirley,   David L.; Tembo,   Gelson.
KEY POLICY POINTS • Tourism is increasingly important in Zambia as a vehicle for economic growth, and has been identified as a key sector for poverty reduction due to its potential to generate off-farm income and employment in rural areas. Growth in arrivals and receipts in Zambia has outpaced average growth rates for developing countries. • Tourism in Zambia relies mostly on the stock of natural resources, including the protected area system which includes national parks and game management areas (GMAs). Co-management agreements between Zambia Wildlife Authority (ZAWA) and rural communities present opportunities and threats for households living in GMAs. • Households living in GMAs have lower average income than households in other rural areas. Yet we...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wildlife conservation; Rural households; Zambia; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Q57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53453

Towards Design For a Nutrient Trading Programme to Improve Water Quality in Lake Rotorua
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Kerr,   Suzi; Lauder,   Glen; Fairman,   David.
This paper explores how to enhance the role for academic research (natural sciences, economics and their integration; and stakeholder management) within the development and implementation of water quality policy in New Zealand. Our focus is on the use of market based instruments and particularly nutrient trading programmes, which are one important part of the potential tool kit to address these issues. We discuss why nutrient trading might be an appropriate instrument for the Lake Rotorua catchment. We survey the existing literature and then outline the outstanding scientific, economic and governance questions that need to be addressed to design an effective trading programme. Finally we discuss how to design a process to address these questions drawing on...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water quality; Emissions trading; Non-point source pollution; Nutrients; Rotorua; Communication; Learning; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q53; Q57; Q58; A12.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9462

The Economics of Endangered Species Poaching
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Abbott,   Brant.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Endangered species; Poaching; International trade; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; K42; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37707

Bid Design and its Influence on the Stated Willingness to Pay in a Contingent Valuation Study
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Carmona-Torres,   Carmen; Calatrava-Requena,   Javier.
The CV method estimate the monetary value that specific changes in the provision of goods and services represent for society, which is asked for their Willingness To Pay (WTP) for it, according to their budget and individual preferences, in a survey. The applications of CV are a source of information to important public decision-making. Therefore, it seems to be a desirable objective for a CV study to strive to detect and reduce, as far as possible, the bias affecting the elicited values. In the present work, the starting point bias in an application to the case study of the conservation of the Iberian Lynx in Spain is analyzed. This bias is caused by the potential influence of the bid values offered to the interviewees on their stated preferences. Three...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Starting point bias; Bid design; Dichotomous choice; Openended question; Iberian Lynx; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; H4; Q2; Q5; Q57.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25367

A Global Map of Costal Recreation Values: Results From a Spatially Explicit Based Meta-Analysis
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ghermandi,   Andrea; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
The welfare dimension of the recreational services provided by global coastal ecosystems is examined through a meta-analytical regression-based valuation approach.  First, we construct a global, state-of-the-art database of stated and revealed preference estimates on coastal recreation, which includes also the grey literature and with the latest entry updated to February 2010. Second, the profile of each of the 253 observations of our dataset, which correspond to individual value estimates, was further enriched with characteristics of the built coastal environment (site accessibility, anthropogenic pressure, level of human development), characteristics of the natural coastal environment (presence of protected area, type of ecosystem,  and marine...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Built Coastal Environment; Natural Coastal Environment; Ecosystem Service Valuation; Geographic Information Systems; Mapping Ecosystem Values; Marine Biodiversity; Scaling up; Spatial Analysis; Spatial Economic Valuation; Value Transfer; Environmental Economics and Policy; C53; Q26; Q57; R12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108205

Optimal Management of a Potential Invader:  The Case of Zebra Mussels in Florida
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Lee,   Donna J.; Adams,   Damian C.; Rossi,   Frederick J.
Dominant users of Lake Okeechobee water resources are agricultural producers and recreational anglers.  These uses will be directly affected, should the lake become infested with zebra mussels.  We employ a probabilistic bioeconomic simulation model to estimate the potential impact of zebra mussels on consumptive water uses, recreational angling, and wetland ecosystem services under alternative public management scenarios.  Without public management, the expected net economic impact from zebra mussels is - $244.1 million over 20 years.  Public investment in prevention and eradication will yield a net expected gain of +$188.7 million, a superior strategy to either prevention or eradication alone.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cost transfer; Fishing; Invasive species; Probability transition matrix; Surface water; Wetlands; C63; Q25; Q52; Q57; Q58.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37125

Valuation Methods for Environmental Benefits in Forestry and Watershed Investment Projects
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Cavatassi,   Romina.
The understatement or omission of the environmental costs and benefits associated with forest management options results in project evaluations and policy prescriptions that are less than socially optimal. The aim of this paper is to examine the full range of costs and benefits associated with forests, distinguishing between how these should, and actually are, included in economic analyses. The paper first describes the economic analysis undertaken in the project evaluation procedure of the World Bank. The second section deals with all costs and benefits that typically occur in forestry projects. Costs and benefits are classified as on-site private, on-site public or global according to their nature and area of impact and according to the Total Economic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic analysis; Forest values; Global environmental benefits; Externalities; Carbon sequestration; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D61; D62; Q51; Q57; O13.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23799

Traditional Natural Resources Management Practices and Biodiversity Conservation in Ghana: A Review of Local Concepts and Issues on Change and Sustainability
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sarfo-Mensah,   Paul; Oduro,   William.
This paper reviews the importance of traditional natural resources management practices in Ghana. It highlights the roles of traditional beliefs, taboos and rituals in the management and conservation of key natural resources in the country. The paper is based on desk studies undertaken as part of anthropological studies conducted in the forest-savanna transitional agroecological zone of Ghana to study the spirituality of forests and conservation.  Among the major conclusions of the paper is that although the potential of traditional natural resources management for biodiversity conservation in Ghana is enormous, the sustainability of these practices is seriously threatened. This stems from the rapid changes in the belief systems. Both biophysical and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forest; Savanna transition; Sacred groves; Traditional beliefs; Biodiversity conservation; Change and sustainability; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q2; Q57.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7440

Crop biodiversity repercussions of subsidized organic farming in Greece
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Nastis,   Stefanos A.; Michailidis,   Anastasios; Mattas,   Konstadinos.
This paper analyzes the impact of CAP financial assistance on crop biodiversity under uncertainty. A stochastic production function is employed and estimated to assess whether risk-averse farmers hedge risk by diversifying their portfolio of crops, thus increasing crop biodiversity. The model is applied to farm-level data of organic crop farms in Greece. Organic farming financial assistance poses a double-edged sword: even though it is considered agrobiodiversity enhancing as a cultivation method, subsidizing it can become agrobiodiversity reducing, since farmers may select to cultivate only the subsidized crops. The study shows that risk aversion leads to crop biodiversity conservation. However, providing CAP financial assistance on certain crops appears...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop biodiversity; Agroecosystem; Risk management; Agricultural assistance; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12; Q18; D80; Q24; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114628

Online-Survey of Keepers of Rare Animals or Plants about their Activities and Attitudes in Germany
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Efken,   Josef.
Zusammenfassung: Ziel der Studie ’Online-Befragung von ErhalterInnen seltener Nutztiere oder Nutzpflanzen zu Ihren Aktivitäten und Einstellungen’ ist es, erstmalig für Deutschland beziehungsweise den deutschsprachigen Raum diesen Personenkreis zu charakterisieren. Dazu wurde eine Online-Befragung durchgeführt, die sich mit Hilfe von einschlägig bekannten Organisationen gezielt an interessierte Personen richtete. Es konnten detaillierte Erkenntnisse über Einstellungen und Ausgestaltung des Engagements gewonnen werden sowie über Art und Umfang der unmittelbaren Erhaltung seltener Nutzpflanzen beziehungsweise Nutztiere: Es werden verschiedenste Arten und Rassen beziehungsweise Sorten erhalten. Vermarktungsaspekte sind wichtig und ’Erhalten durch Essen’ wird...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Genetische Ressourcen; On Farm Management; Online-Befragung; Genetic resources; On-farm management; Online survey; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; H44; Q13; Q57.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102644

How Trade Politics Affect Invasive Species Control
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Margolis,   Michael; Shogren,   Jason F.
Trade has become the main mode of transport for many invasive species including diseases and agricultural pests. Most species are brought to their new homes unintentionally, which constitute a market failure rooted in international trade. Unless it is practical to drive invasion risk to zero, the external costs may justify a tariff. In this paper we analyze the political process likely to govern the formation of tariffs so justified, using a straightforward incorporation of an invasive species externality into Grossman and Helpman's well-known political economy model. We show our measure of disguised protectionism -the gap between the optimal tariff and that set in the equilibrium of the political economy game- is equal to the tariff that would be set if...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Invasive species; Protectionism; Tariff; Political economy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q17; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10770

MARKETED OUTPUTS AND NON-MARKETED ECOSYSTEMS SERVICES
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sauer,   Johannes; Wossink,   Ada.
We provide a new approach for assessing the cost of marginal ecosystem changes and the effectiveness of green payment schemes. The approach is based on a theoretical and empirical analysis of the bio-economic production interactions between marketed outputs and non-marketed ecosystem services at the micro level. To frame the economic nature of the problem, we employ a generalized joint production model in combination with cost minimization. The generalized joint production framework allows for the consideration of complementary, substitutive and competitive relationships between agricultural production and non-marketed ecosystem services generation and avoids double counting. From this theoretical model we distinguish three theoretical cases depending on...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Green payments; Bio-economic modelling; Economies of scale and scope; Program evaluation.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q18; Q57; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91807

Impacts of Population and Income Growth Rates on Threatened Mammals and Birds
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Pandit,   Ram; Laband,   David N.
Per capita income and human population levels in a country have direct influences on its environmental outcomes. Countries with same level of income may have different rate of income growth and vice versa, suggesting that the influence of the rate of income growth on environmental outcomes could be different than that of income level. Similarly, the rate of population growth might have different impact in addition to the impacts of sheer number of population. We explore this empirical question using country-level data on threatened species published by IUCN for the year 2007. Controlling for other factors, our model estimates the influences of the rate of population and income growth on threatened mammals and birds across 113 continental countries. The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Income; Population; Spatial models; Spatial autocorrelation; Endemic species; Biodiversity; Environmental Economics and Policy; C21; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101404

Modeling Certainty-Adjusted Willingness to Pay for Ecosystem Service Improvement  from Agriculture
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ma,   Shan; Lupi,   Frank; Swinton,   Scott M.; Chen,   Huilan.
The public demand for ecosystem services measured by willingness to pay (WTP) in contingent valuation studies provides important information for designing Payment-for-Ecosystem-Service (PES) programs. However, the hypothetical markets for contingent valuation and respondents’ unfamiliarity with certain ecosystem services may increase their preference uncertainty, which may increase variance and even cause bias in WTP estimates. Taking advantage of a unique stated preference data set that includes a follow-up question rating the respondent’s certainty level, this study evaluates alternative methods of modeling certainty-adjusted WTP for cleaner lakes and abated global warming. Results suggest that the incorporation of self-reported uncertainty into binary...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Willingness to Pay; Preference Uncertainty; Numerical certainty scale; Ecosystem services; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Risk and Uncertainty; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103734

Genetically Engineering Crops for a Sustainable Agriculture
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ervin,   David E.; Welsh,   Rick.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q16; Q18; Q24; Q25; Q55; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94765

Why Farmers Opt Not to Enroll in Payment-for-Environmental-Services Programs
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ma,   Shan; Swinton,   Scott M.; Lupi,   Frank; Jolejole,   Christina B.
Payment-for-environmental-services (PES) programs are the focus of increasing attention globally. While existing PES programs can observe who participates and who does not, the reasons for nonparticipation can be opaque. Taking advantage of a unique stated preference data set that includes a follow-up question on conditions for participation, this study differentiates two types of non-participants, those deterred by insufficient payments, and those deterred by fundamental incompatibility with the farm operation. Survey weighted and spatially weighted probit models are applied to examine the determinants of farmers’ willingness to enroll in PES programs and their willingness to consider enrollment at the same or a high payment. Results suggest the decision...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Payment-for-environmental-services; Agricultural policy; Non-participation; Working land; Stated preference; Spatial probit; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Q18; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61392

What Are Ecosystem Services? The Need for Standardized Environmental Accounting Units
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Boyd,   James; Banzhaf,   H. Spencer.
This paper advocates consistently defined units of account to measure the contributions of nature to human welfare. We argue that such units have to date not been defined by environmental accounting advocates and that the term "ecosystem services" is too ad hoc to be of practical use in welfare accounting. We propose a definition, rooted in economic principles, of ecosystem service units. A goal of these units is comparability with the definition of conventional goods and services found in GDP and the other national accounts. We illustrate our definition of ecological units of account with concrete examples. We also argue that these same units of account provide an architecture for environmental performance measurement by governments, conservancies, and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental accounting; Ecosystem services; Index theory; Nonmarket valuation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q51; Q57; Q58; D6.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10586

Use of Penalties and Rewards in Agri-Environmental Policy
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Yano,   Yuki; Blandford,   David.
Achieving high compliance rates in incentive-based agri-environmental schemes is an important issue. This paper explores the use of a mixed penalty-reward approach under heterogeneous compliance costs. Specifically, we examine the use of a “compliance reward” under asymmetric information and output price uncertainty. Using a budget-neutral approach, three possible sources of financing are considered: 1. funds obtained by reducing monitoring effort; 2. the proceeds of fines collected from participating farmers who are inspected and found not to be in compliance; and 3. money saved by reducing the number of farmers enrolled. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each source of funding and analyze them numerically for both risk-neutral and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental policy; Moral hazard; Penalties; Payments for compliance; Q12; Q20; Q28; Q57.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36873

Smiley or Frowney: The effect of emotions and framing in a downstream water pollution game
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Czap,   Hans J.; Czap,   Natalia V.; Khachaturyan,   Marianna; Burbach,   Mark E.; Lynne,   Gary D.
Common-pool resources and other shared resources frequently suffer from overextraction/overuse and associated negative externalities. In this paper we design a framed laboratory experiment on downstream water pollution to investigate (a) the importance of framing in determining the behavior of upstreamers regarding the negative externalities, and (b) the potential of downstreamers to influence the choices of upstreamers using non-monetary sanctions and rewards, alleviating the need for intervention by the local governments and regulatory institutions. Our results show that framing has a significant impact on the behavior of subjects. Subjects behaved more profit-oriented in the self-interest framing and more egalitarian in the empathy framing. In addition,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Empathy framing; Self-interest framing; Emotions; Water pollution; Environmental experiment; Reward and punishment.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; C9; D03; Q25; Q53; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102696

Core Issues in the Economics of Biodiversity Conservation
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Critically reviews the following core issues in the economics of biodiversity conservation: reliance on the stated preferences of individuals as a guide to biodiversity conservation, the relevance of the phylogenetic similarity principle (and other attributes of organisms) for the survival of species; the implications of the Noah’s ark problem for selecting features of biodiversity to be saved and the difficulties raised by criteria based on safe minimum populations of species or on minimum environmental standards; the extent to which the precautionary principle can be rationally used to support the conservation of biodiversity; the impact of market extensions and globalization, as well as market and other institutional failures, on biodiversity loss; the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Economic valuation; Intergenerational equity; Phylogenetic similarity principle; Precautionary principle; Sustainable development.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5; Q51; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92772

The Provision of Ecosystem Services by Agriculture – a Spatially Explicit DEA Approach
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Kapfer,   Martin; Hübner,   Rico; Eckstein,   Karin; Ziesel,   Sigrid; Kantelhardt,   Jochen.
According to the concept of ecosystem services, agriculture not only provides commodities but also cultural and regulating services. While it is easy to value commodity production by market prices, the valuation of cultural and regulating services is complex because of their public good character. Non-parametric approaches such as the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) allow for estimating the contribution of agriculture to such services. However, it is not enough to know the extent of ecosystem services provided; it is also necessary to be aware of which farmers provide these services and where they are provided. In this paper, we suggest a plot-specific approach combining GIS analysis and DEA models. This allows a spatially explicit assessment of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural land use; Data envelopment; Environment-oriented technical efficiency; Landscape-appearance-oriented technical efficiency; Land Economics/Use; Q12; Q26; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108954

Assessing the Impact of Biodiversity on Tourism Flows: A model for Tourist Behaviour and its Policy Implications
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Macagno,   Giulia; Loureiro,   Maria L.; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.; Tol,   Richard S.J.
This analysis provides an example of how biodiversity can be measured by means of different indicators, and how the latter can be used to assess the influence of the biodiversity profile of a region on the tourism flows towards it. Previous studies have considered environmental amenities as one of the determinants of tourism destination choice. The central hypothesis of this paper is that the destination’s biodiversity profile can be considered as a key component of environmental amenities. The main objective of this study is to propose a different perspective on this topic, considering the role of biodiversity on tourists’ choice of destination and duration of stay. Domestic Irish tourist flows have been chosen as a case study. The first step of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Species Diversity; Habitat Fragmentation; Landscape Diversity; Trip Demand; Indicators; Ecosystem Services; Human Well-Being; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50406

Improving Environmental Quality in South Florida through Silvopasture: An Economic Approach
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Stainback,   G. Andrew; Alavalapati,   Janaki R.R.; Shrestha,   Ram K.; Larkin,   Sherry L.; Wong,   Grace.
A dynamic optimization model is used to compare the profitability of silvopasture with traditional cattle ranching in south Florida.  Silvopasture can reduce phosphorus runoff from cattle ranching-a major environmental concern for Lake Okeechobee and the Everglades.  Silvopasture can also sequester carbon, thereby offsetting global climate change.  The effectiveness of phosphorus runoff taxes and carbon sequestration payments for inducting landowners to adopt silvopasture is investigated.  We find that phosphorus taxes alone would not induce landowners to adopt silvopasture.  However, payments to landowners to sequester carbon, alone or in conjunction with phosphorus runoff taxes, can make silvopasture financially competitive with traditional ranching.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Cattle ranching; Faustmann model; Global climate change; Phosphorus runoff; Silvopasture; Slash pine; Tax; Q57; Q23.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43396

Carbon Sequestration with Reforestations and Biodiversity-Scenic Values
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Caparros,   Alejandro; Cerda,   Emilio; Ovando,   P.; Campos,   Pablo.
This paper presents an optimal control model to analyze reforestations with two different species, including commercial values, carbon sequestration and biodiversity or scenic values. We solve the model qualitatively with general functions and discuss the implications of partial or total internalization of environmental values, showing that internalizing only carbon sequestration may have negative impacts on biodiversity-scenic values. To evaluate the practical relevance, we compare reforestations in the South-west of Spain with cork-oaks (a slow growing native species) and with eucalyptus (a fast growing alien species). We do the analysis with two different carbon crediting methods: the Carbon Flow Method and the Ton Year Accounting Method. With the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Optimal Control; Forests; Carbon; Sequestration; Biodiversity; Scenic; Stated Preferences; Carbon Accounting; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q26; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9323

A Hybrid Approach to the Valuation of Climate Change Effects on Ecosystem Services: Evidence from the European Forests
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ding,   Helen; Silvestri,   Silvia; Chiabai,   Aline; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
In this paper we present a systematic attempt to assess economic value of climate change impact on forest ecosystems and human welfare. In the present study, climate change impacts are downscaled to the different European countries, which in turn constitute the elements of our analysis. First, we anchor the valuation exercise in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) Approach and therefore the link between the different forest ecosystem goods and services, including provisioning, regulating and cultural services, human well-being and climate change. Second, climate change is operationalized by exploring the different storylines developed by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and applied, downscaled, for each of the European countries under...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wood Products; Biodiversity; Climate Change; Market and Non-market Valuation Methods; Ecosystem Goods and Services; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61373

Comparative Costs and Conservation Policies for the Survival of the Oranutan and Other Species: Includes an Example
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath.
The extent to which conservation is feasible is constrained by budgets and the financial sacrifice stakeholders are willing to bear. Therefore a possible objective for conserving a species is to minimise the cost of achieving that stated aim. For example, if a minimum viable population (MVP) of a species is to be conserved, the size and type of habitats reserved for this could be selected to minimise cost. This requires consideration of the comparative (relative) opportunity costs of reserving different land types for conservation. A general model is developed to demonstrate this and is applied to the case of the orangutan. In the ecological literature, recommendations for reserving different types of land for conservation have been based on comparisons of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Comparative costs; Conservation in situ; Costs of conservation; Environmental policy; Minimum viable populations; Opportunity costs; Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus); Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q13; Q57; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90466

Reimagining Farms as Managed Ecosystems
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem Services; Managed Ecosystems; Payment for Environmental Services; Multidisciplinary Research; Nonmarket Valuation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q57; Q51; Q12.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94650

Biodiversity Valuation in Developing Countries: A Focus on Small Island Developing States (SIDS)
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Teelucksingh,   Sonja S.; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
The Millennium Development Goals explicitly recognise “sustainable development” as a target. A step towards this is a greater understanding of the significant role of biodiversity in rural communities of developing countries who depend most on the ecosystem goods and services and who as a result may suffer most from its continued degradation. Understanding the input of biodiversity in developing countries to the provision of the ecosystem goods and services (EGS) that are essential to their human well-being is seen as a significant first step in sustainable development, and environmental valuation is a necessary tool for achieving this objective. However, valuing biodiversity in a developing country context can be an intricate affair. While economic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Developing Countries; Small Island Developing States; Land Economics/Use; Q01; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94842

Addressing the wicked problem of water resource management: An ecosystem services approach
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Hearnshaw,   Edward J.S.; Tompkins,   Jean-Marie; Cullen,   Ross.
This paper develops a systematic assessment of the sustainability of ecosystem services provided by rivers impacted by water storage projects. Given the conflicting preferences amongst stakeholders and the incomplete, uncertain and contradictory understanding about river ecology it is recognized that managing water resources sustainably is a wicked problem. In order to address this wicked problem, the methods of multi-criteria analysis and graph analysis are applied, in accordance with integrated water resource management, to assess the potential of investing in water storage projects and explore for sustainable solutions through the construction of an ecosystem services index.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Ecosystem services index; Graph analysis; Integrated water resource management; Multi-criteria analysis; Sustainability; Wicked problems; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q15; Q25; Q27; Q51; Q58; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100556

Conservation Payments under Risk: A Stochastic Dominance Approach
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Benitez,   Pablo C.; Kuosmanen,   Timo; Olschewski,   Roland; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Updated version of REPA Working Paper 2004-05.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agroforest systems; Conservation payments; Land allocation; Portfolio diversification; Risk; Stochastic dominance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C73; O54; Q23; Q57; R14.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37024

Modelling Environmental Effects of Agriculture: The Case of Organic Rye and Grey Partridge
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Miettinen,   Antti; Huhtala,   Anni.
Our optimal control model identifies economic reasons as to why farmland bird populations have dramatically declined in modern agricultural landscapes. By integrating recreational wildlife values into farm level decision-making on arable crop choice and herbicide use, we derive those economic instruments needed for creating suitable conditions for game bird species on farmland. Based on the Finnish data available on the grey partridge (Perdix perdix), we illustrate how the optimal acreage subsidy for organically-grown areas, herbicide tax rates and the hunting licence fee could be estimated in monetary terms. Finally, we discuss the benefits and costs of cultivating organic cereals which will enhance preservation of the grey partridge.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental benefits; Grey partridge; Herbicides; Optimal control; Rye; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57; Q18; H41.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24462

Performance payments for carnivore conservation in Sweden
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Zabel,   Astrid; Holm-Muller,   Karin.
Solving carnivore-livestock conflicts is essential if goals to preserve biodiversity conservation are taken seriously and livelihoods especially of poor livestock owners are to be safeguarded. This paper presents an innovative performance payment approach for carnivore conservation, that has been successfully implemented in Sweden. Performance payments are made to reindeer herding Sami villages for certified carnivore offspring on the villages’ territories. First results support the assumption that this approach has the potential to solve many problems inherent to conventional compensation schemes. A well designed common pool regime is deemed necessary to direct the incentives set by the internal distribution of the performance payments toward collective...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Performance payments; Carnivore conservation; Sweden; Collective action; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q2; Q57.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57031

Measuring Eco-efficiency of Agricultural Activity in European Countries: A Malmquist Index Analysis
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Serrao,   Amilcar.
This paper develops an environmental performance index by applying the benefit of the doubt weighting and the Malmquist index concepts using Kuosmanen and Kortelainen’s approaches. The main difference between these approaches and other methods is that environmental performance is based on the definition of the eco-efficiency as the ratio of economic value added to the environmental damage index.  The overall environmental performance index is also decomposed into two components representing changes due to technological progress (or regress) and due to changes in relative eco-efficiency.    The dynamic environmental performance analysis is applied to 15 European agricultures from 1990 to 2004. Model results show that technical progress mostly explain...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Benefit of the doubt weighting; Data Envelopment Analysis; Eco-efficiency; Environmental performance analysis; Malmquist Index; Agricultural Activity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q57; C43; C61.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6152

Effects of Great Barrier Reef Degradation on Recreational Demand: A Contingent Behaviour Approach
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Kragt,   Marit Ellen; Roebeling,   Peter C.; Ruijs,   Arjan.
Agricultural run-off from the Great Barrier Reef catchment area may cause degradation of coral reefs, affecting the tourism sector that relies on healthy reefs for its income generation. A Contingent Behaviour approach is used to determine the effect of reef degradation on demand for recreational dive and snorkel trips, for a case study of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) in Australia. We assessed how reef degradation affects GBR tourism and to what extent reef-trip demand depends on the visitors' socio-economic characteristics. A count data model is developed, and results indicate that an average visitor would undertake about 60% less trips to the GBR per year, given a combined 80%, 30% and 70% decrease in coral cover, coral diversity and fish diversity,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Coral reef; Recreation; Contingent Behaviour model; Count data models; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q26; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25753

CAN DOMESTICATION OF WILDLIFE LEAD TO CONSERVATION? THE ECONOMICS OF TIGER FARMING IN CHINA
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Abbott,   Brant; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Tigers are a threatened species that might soon disappear in the wild. Not only are tigers threatened by deteriorating and declining habitat, but poachers continue to kill tigers for traditional medicine, decoration pieces and so on. Although international trade in tiger products has been banned since 1987 and domestic trade within China since 1993, tigers continue to be poached and Chinese entrepreneurs have established tiger farms in anticipation of their demise. While China desires to permit sale of tiger products from captive-bred tigers, this is opposed on the grounds that it likely encourages illegal killing. Instead, wildlife conservationists lobby for more spending on anti-poaching and trade-ban enforcement. In this study, a mathematical...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Endangered species; Extinction; Wildlife farming and bioeconomics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57; Q27; C61; F13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46994

The Effect of Climate Change on Wetlands and Waterfowl in Western Canada: Incorporating Cropping Decisions into a Bioeconomic Model
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Withey,   Patrick; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
We extend an earlier bioeconomic model of optimal duck harvest and wetland retention in the Prairie Pothole Region of Western Canada to include cropping decisions. Instead of a single state equation, the model has two state equations representing the population dynamics of ducks and the amount of wetlands. We use the model to estimate the impact of climate change on wetlands and waterfowl, including direct climate effects as well as land use change due to biofuel policies aimed at mitigating climate change. The model predicts that climate change will reduce wetlands by 47-56 percent from historic levels. Land use change is expected to reduce wetlands by 45 percent from historic levels, whereas direct climate effects will range from a reduction of 2-11...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bioeconomic modeling; Wetland protection; Wildlife management; Climate change; Biofuels; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57; C61; Q25; Q54; C13; Q10; Q16.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117437

Demand for Urban Forests and Economic Welfare:  Evidence from the Southeastern U.S. Cities
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Zhu,   Pengyu; Zhang,   Yaoqi.
This study examines the relationship between urban forests and household income and population density in the 149 cities with populations over 40,000 in nine southeastern states.  Our empirical results show that urban forest percentage across the cities has characteristics of the environmental Kuznets curve.  We find that household income around $39,000 is a threshold that changes the relationship between income and urban forest coverage from negative to positive, whereas the impact of population density on urban forests is just the opposite, from positive to negative when population density is around 180 persons per square kilometer.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Kuznets curve; Environmental quality; Income; Land use; Population density; Tree canopy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; C31; Q23; Q56; Q57; R14.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43758

What's Nature Done for You Lately: Measuring the Value of Ecosystem Services
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Polasky,   Stephen.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Ecological production function; Non-market valuation; Public goods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q57; Q20; Q51; Q15.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94654

Farms and Ecosystem Services
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ruhl,   J.B.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Multifunctionality; Green subsidies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q57; K32; Q18; Q01; Q32; Q38.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94651

Developing an Indicator for Environment Improvement Potential in the Agricultural Sector
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Hayashi,   Takashi; Takahashi,   Yoshifumi; Yamamoto,   Mitasu.
Agriculture and forestry produce various environmental benefits such as CO2 absorption and water storage as well as food and energy crops. Environmental benefits contribute to improving the environment. This means agriculture has the potential to improve the environment. By measuring such potential, we can understand agriculture's affect on the environment. However, both environmental loads and benefits should be taken into account because agriculture produces not only environmental benefits but also environmental loads, and both affect the agricultural potential for improving the environment. Furthermore, as potential cannot be calculated by a single environmental factor, it is necessary to consider various environmental factors in the measurements....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25375

Estimating the Value of Invasive Aquatic Plant Control:  A Bioeconomic Analysis of 13 Public Lakes in Florida
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Adams,   Damian C.; Lee,   Donna J.
We present a bioeconomic model of three invasive aquatic plants (hydrilla, water hyacinth, and water lettuce) in 13 large Florida lakes, and simulate one-year and steady-state impacts of three control scenarios.  We estimate that the steady-state annual net benefit of invasive plant control is $59.95 million.  A one-year increase in control yields steady-state gains of $6.55 million per year, and a one-year lapse causes steady-state annual losses of $18.71 million.  This model shows that increased control of hydrilla, water hyacinth, and water lettuce is optimal.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Aquatic plants; Bioeconomics; Invasive species; Lakes; Maintenance control; Q57; Q26; Q28; Q51; Q25.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37139

The Survival of a Forest-dependent Species and the Economics of Intensity of Logging: A Note
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Analyses the economics of alternative land-use allocations for a forested area that ensure a targeted viable population of a forest-dependent species, such as the orangutan. The alternative of setting aside a sufficient fully protected portion of the forested area allowing the rest to be used for intensive forestry (or another intensive land use) in which the focal species is unable to survive is compared with that of fully protecting none of the forested area but allowing a sufficient portion of it to be lightly logged to ensure the survival of the targeted population of the focal species with the remainder of the land area (if any) being available for intensive use. The conditions for determining the least cost option (the one that minimizes profit...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Conservation of forest-dependent species; Forestry; Heavy versus light logging; Intensive versus extensive land use and conservation; Logging and conservation; Opportunity cost and species conservation; Orangutan conservation.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92773

Agri-Environmental Policies When the Spatial Pattern of Biodiversity Reserves Matters
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Bamiére,   Laure; David,   Maia; Vermont,   Bruno.
The aim of this paper is to compare different policy instruments for cost-effective habitat conservation on agricultural lands, when the desired spatial pattern of reserves is a random mosaic. We use a spatially explicit mathematical programming model which studies the farmers' behavior as profit maximizers under technical and administrative constraints. Facing different policy measures, each farmer chooses its land-use at the field level, which determines the landscape at the regional level. A spatial pattern index (Ripley L function) is then associated to the obtained landscape, indicating on the degree of dispersion of the reserve. We compare a subsidy per hectare of reserve with an auction scheme and an agglomeration malus. We find that the auction is...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental policies; Biodiversity; Mathematical programming; Spatial optimization; Reserve design; Cost-efficiency; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; H23; Q57; Q12; Q28.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114239

Educational Function of Agriculture and Farm Diversification: Evidence from Dairy Farming Experience Services in Japan
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ohe,   Yasuo.
To promote multifunctional activity, it is crucial to clarify how jointness is formed in connection with farm structure. This paper examines the relationship between multifunctional activity and farm structure by focusing on the educational function of dairy farming, i.e., farming experience services, in Japan. The main findings were as follows. First, from our conceptual consideration we can say that the educational function is determined by technical and institutional jointness and there is a U-shaped relationship between farm diversification and provision of farming experience services. In addition, the national program aimed at promoting this educational function was effective in enhancing this function. Second, however, from the empirical evaluation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Multifunctionality; Educational function; Farm diversification; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12; Q26; Q57; C24.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51557

European Forests and Carbon Sequestration Services: An Economic Assessment of Climate Change Impacts
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ding,   Helen; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.; Teelucksingh,   Sonja S.
This paper reports an original economic valuation of the impact of climate change on the provision of forest regulating services in Europe. To the authors’ knowledge the current paper represents the first systematic attempt to estimate human well-being losses with respect to changes in biodiversity and forest regulating services that are directly driven by climate change. First, selected 34 European countries are grouped by their latitude intervals to capture the differentiated regional effects of forests in response to climate change. Moreover, the future trends of forest areas and stocked carbon in 2050 are projected through the construction and simulation of global circulation models such as HADMC3 following four different future developing paths...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic Valuation; Forest Ecosystem; Carbon Sequestration; Climate Change Impacts; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59397

Quantifizierung „gesellschaftlich gewünschter, nicht marktgängiger Leistungen“ der  Landwirtschaft
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Plankl,   Reiner; Weingarten,   Peter; Nieberg,   Hiltrud; Zimmer,   Yelto; Isermeyer,   Folkhard; Krug,   Janina; Haxsen,   Gerhard.
Zusammenfassung: In den Diskussionen über die Gemeinsame Agrarpolitik nach 2013 nimmt die Honorierung nicht marktgängiger gesellschaftlicher Leistungen der Landwirtschaft eine zentrale Rolle ein. Unterschiedliche Ansichten bestehen darüber, was unter diesen Leistungen genau zu verstehen ist und wie sie quantifiziert und monetarisiert werden können. Die hierzu durchgeführte Auswertung von rund 80 Studien zeigt einerseits, dass in der Bevölkerung eine generelle Zahlungsbereitschaft für solche Leistungen besteht, und andererseits, dass die ausgewerteten Fallstudien nicht auf Deutschland hochgerechnet werden können. Die Leistung „Offenhaltung der Landschaft“ verursacht - wenn sie nicht als Koppelprodukt unentgeltlich anfällt - Kosten, deren Höhe in starkem...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Gesellschaftliche Leistungen der Landwirtschaft; Koppelprodukte; Zahlungsbereitschaft; Offenhaltung der Landschaft; Kosten für Umweltregulierung; Public goods provided by agriculture; By-product; Willingness to pay; Open landscape; Environmental regulation cost; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Q01; Q51; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103256

Rainfall or Price Variability: What Determines Rangeland Management Decisions? A Simulation-Optimization Approach to South African Savannas
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Börner,   Jan; Higgins,   Steven Ian; Kantelhardt,   Jochen; Scheiter,   Simon.
Savannas cover the greater part of Africa and Australia and almost half of South America and contribute to the livelihoods of more than 350 million people. With the intensification of land use during the second half of the 20th century, savannas have become increasingly degraded through bush encroachment as a consequence of increased grazing pressure. Research on rangeland dynamics, however, provides contradicting answers with regard to the causes and possible remedies of bush encroachment. In this paper we present results from an application of a simulation-optimization model to the case of extensive rangeland management in South Africa. Our model differs from previous approaches in that it explicitly accounts for the influence of stochastic prices and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Equilibrium; Bio-economic modeling; Grassland management; Sustainable strategies; Stochastic conditions; Livestock Production/Industries; Q57.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25435

Selective logging and the economics of conserving forest wildlife species e.g. orangutans
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Analyzes the economics of alternative allocations of forested land for uses (dominant-use vs. multiple use) to ensure the survival of a viable population of a forest-dependent species, e.g. the orangutan. The alternatives are (1) setting aside a sufficient fully protected portion of the forest and allowing the rest to be used for intensive logging and (2) fully protecting none of the forested area but allowing a sufficient portion of it to be lightly (selectively) logged to ensure the survival of the population of the focal species with the remaining land (if any) being available for intensive use.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Conserving of forest species; Forestry; Logging and conservation; Opportunity cost and conservation; Orangutans; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q23; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122725

Ecosystem Services Beyond Valuation, Regulation and Philanthropy: Integrating Consumer Values into the Economy
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Swallow,   Stephen K.; Smith,   Elizabeth C.; Uchida,   Emi; Anderson,   Christopher M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Markets; Ecosystem Service Markets; Payment For Ecosystem Services; Incentives; Nature's Services; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q20; Q57; C93; H41.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94656

Can Dispersed Biomass Processing Protect the Environment and Cover the Bottom Line for Biofuel?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Egbendewe-Mondzozo,   Aklesso; Swinton,   Scott M.; Bals,   Bryan D.; Dale,   Bruce E.
This paper compares environmental and profitability outcomes for a centralized biorefinery for cellulosic ethanol that does all processing versus a biorefinery linked to a decentralized array of local depots that pretreat biomass into concentrated briquettes.  The analysis uses a spatial bioeconomic model that maximizes predicted profit from crop and energy products, subject to the requirement that the biorefinery must be operated at full capacity.  The model draws upon biophysical crop input-output coefficients simulated with the EPIC model, as well as input and output prices, spatial transportation costs, ethanol yields from biomass, and biorefinery capital and operational costs. The model was applied to 82 cropping systems simulated across 37...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Biomass production; Bioenergy supply; Cellulosic ethanol; Environmental trade-off analysis; Bioeconomic modeling; EPIC; Spatial configuration; Local biomass processing; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q16; Q15; Q57; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119348

Optimal Timber Rotation on Multiple Stands with an Asymmetric Externality
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Uchida,   Emi.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/28/05.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Forest economics; Multiple stands; Non-timber goods; Flood risk; Spatial externality; Additivity properties; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; Q57.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19532

Evaluating the sustainability of impounded river systems and the cost-effectiveness of dam projects: An ecosystem services approach
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Tompkins,   Jean-Marie; Hearnshaw,   Edward J.S.; Cullen,   Ross.
In recent times, there has been increasing demand in the Canterbury region of New Zealand for the abstraction of water from rivers. The impact of this demand has lead to unacceptable minimum river flows and has adversely affected river ecology. In an effort to resolve these issues dams have been constructed. To evaluate the impact of these dam projects on all river values, an ecosystem services approach is developed. This ecosystem services approach coupled with various evaluation methods are applied for the purposes of assessing the cost-effectiveness of the Opuha Dam and the sustainability of the Opihi river system now modified by the Opuha Dam. To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of this dam project cost utility analysis is applied through the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cost utility analysis; Dam projects; Ecosystem services; Impounded river systems; Indicators and sustainability.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q15; Q25; Q27; Q51; Q58; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100720

La Valutazione dei Servizi Ecosistemici. Proposta per un Approccio Termoeconomico
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Longhitano,   Davide.
The main objective of this communication is to review the theoretical ecosystem and agroecosystem services assessment’s methods and to propose a thermoeconomic approach. The logic of thermoeconomic approach consists in analysing the use of natural resources during the production process, interpreting it as a thermodynamic conversion in order to assess the overall specific energy consumption of the systemic components arriving at estimates of fluxes and energy costs. This study analyses comparatively the main thermoeconomic-based approaches to verify the feasibility of the "energy value" as an appraisal criterion of agroecosystem services. In particularly among the reviewed approaches the Emergy synthesis seems the most appropriate tool to be empirically...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Thermoeconomic approach; Agroecosystem services; Exergy; Emergy; Environmental accounting; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124123

Economic Impacts of Yellow Starthistle on California Ranchers
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Eagle,   Alison J.; Eiswerth,   Mark E.; Johnson,   Wayne S.; Schoenig,   Steve E.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
While the significant ecosystem damage caused by invasive weeds has been well documented, the economic impacts of specific invasive weed species are poorly understood. Yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L., hereafter YST) is the most widespread non-crop weed in California, resulting in serious damage to forage on natural range and improved pasture. A survey was administered to California cattle ranchers to investigate YST infestation rates, loss of forage quantity and value, and control or eradication efforts. The results were used to estimate county-wide economic losses for three focus counties, as well as state-wide economic losses, due to YST in California. Total losses of livestock forage value due to YST on private land for the state of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Nonnative species; Invasive weeds; Yellow starthistle; Ranching profitability; Forage; Livestock; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Q24; Q57.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37028

Evaluating Agri-Environmental Schemes – The Marginal Costs of Ecosystem Services
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sauer,   Johannes; Wossink,   Ada.
We provide a new approach for assessing the cost of marginal ecosystem changes and the effectiveness of agri-environmental schemes. The approach is based on a theoretical and empirical analysis of the bio-economic production interactions between marketed outputs and non-marketed ecosystem services at the micro level. To frame the economic nature of the problem, we employ a generalized joint production model in combination with cost minimization. The generalized joint production framework allows for the consideration of complementary, substitutive and competitive relationships between agricultural production and non-marketed ecosystem services generation and avoids double counting. From this theoretical model we distinguish three theoretical cases depending...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental services; Bio-economic modelling; Economies of scale and scope; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q18; Q57; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99425

Financing Agri-Environmental Programs in Poland: The Importance of Regional Preferences
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ziolkowska,   Jadwiga; Kirschke,   Dieter.
The main objective of the paper is to study the importance of regional preferences in financing agri-environmental programs. The analysis is based on results of a case study conducted in South-eastern Poland. As environmental protection in agriculture is complex and often considered in political strategies, it is worth analyzing the differences in perception of the respective environmental objectives from a regional perspective. Taking into account natural conditions and the economic situation in agriculture in the voivodship Podkarpackie, the question is, how regional objectives could be achieved effectively with a given budget. Using linear programming, we discuss in this paper, how regional preferences would guide budget allocation.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental programs; Environmental objectives; Linear programming; Budget allocation; Poland; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q14; Q57; C6.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25658

CAP versus Rural Policy Challenges, Paradigm change
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Halmai,   Peter; Vasary,   Viktoria.
Rural development in the European Union has to face several challenges. Negative effects of old and new challenges (if these challenges are not faced effectively) might enhance and accelerate those processes that are taking place slowly for the present but that are definitely irreversible. On the basis of sector-specific approach problems related to agriculture should be focused on. It has to be, however, highlighted that there is an ongoing paradigm change: there is a shift from the agricultural policy aiming at food self sufficiency and income parity towards a sustainable rural policy with spatial focus. The shift itself is considered a continuous challenge, too. The following questions as objectives of the paper arise: - Are there policy instruments...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Common agricultural policy; New rural paradigm; European added value; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Q01; Q18; Q28; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115547

Valuing Great Lakes Beaches
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Song,   Feng; Lupi,   Frank; Kaplowitz,   Michael D.
This study aims to estimate the recreational use values of Great Lakes beaches using a two-level nested logit Random Utility Model. The choice set contains all 594 public Great Lakes beaches in Michigan. Beach sites located in the same Great Lakes water body are arranged into a nest. The trip data were obtained from a 2006 online survey using a web-panel of Michigan adults accessed through Survey Sampling International (SSI). The variables that affect the amount of utility derived from a particular site are the travel cost and site quality variables, which include beach length, days of beach advisory, and days of beach closure in 2006. We report the economic loss of permanently losing an individual beach site or a group of beach sites as well as benefits...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Great Lakes; Freshwater beaches; Non-market valuation; Travel costs model; Nested logit; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Q26; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61791

Multicriteria analysis on effective financing of agri-environmental measures and conflicts between environmental objectives
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ziolkowska,   Jadwiga.
The main objective of the paper is to investigate effective financing scenarios for agri-environmental measures with regard to the environmental benefit, considering regional policy priorities. By means of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and a Linear Programming (LP) approach we conduct multicriteria analysis and investigate conflicts between environmental objectives as well as their influence on financing scenarios for agri-environmental measures. The analysis is based on an explorative case study conducted in Poland in the Subcarpathia region and on interviews with agricultural experts. The results show that the budget allocation for agri-environmental measures is considerably dependent on preferences given to environmental objectives within...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental policy; Evaluation; Environmental protection; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q51; Q57; C61.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51338

Are tourists rational? Destination decisions and other results from a survey of visitors to a North Queensland natural site - Jourama Falls
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This paper reports on and interprets the results of a survey of visitors to the Jourama Falls Section of the Paluma Range National Park located in Northern Queensland. It reports, amongst other things, on how much knowledge visitors to the site had about it before their visit, the procedures they adopted in deciding to visit it and how generally they go about deciding to visit tourist sites when on holidays. The results are consistent with those predicted by theories of bounded rationality and behavioural economics. Information is also provided on the value visitors placed on attractions at the Jourama Falls sites, their attitudes to the private supply of tourist/visitor services and facilities in national parks, the importance of wildlife as an attraction...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Austrian School of Economics; Behavioural economics; Bounded rationality; Camping procedures; Decisions to visit tourist attractions; Entrance fee to national parks; Jourama Falls; Mahogany glider; Mental accounting; National parks; Neoclassical economics; Paluma Range national park; Private versus public supply of facilities; Proximity effect; Transaction cost theory; Wildlife valuation; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; L83; Q00; Q26; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90878

Policy Options for Increasing Crop Productivity and Reducing Soil Nutrient Depletion and Poverty in Uganda
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Nkonya,   Ephraim M.; Pender,   John L.; Kaizzi,   Crammer; Edward,   Kato; Mugarura,   Samuel.
This study was conducted with the main objective of determining the linkages between poverty and land management practices in Uganda. The study used the 2002/03 Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) and more focused data collected from a sub-sample of 851 households of the 2002/03 UNHS sample households. We found that farmers in Uganda deplete about 1.2 percent of the nutrient stock stored in the topsoil per year, which leads to a predicted 0.31 percent reduction in crop productivity. The value of replacing the depleted nutrients using the cheapest inorganic fertilizers is equivalent to about 20 percent of household income obtained from agricultural production. Econometric analysis of the survey results provides evidence of linkages between poverty and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Uganda; Land degradation; Soil nutrient depletion; Poverty; Crop productivity; Natural resource management; Land management; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; Q15; Q57; Q51.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59227

Forest Conservation and Slippage: Evidence from Mexico's National Payments for Ecosystem Services Program
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Alix-Garcia,   Jennifer Marie; Shapiro,   Elizabeth N.; Sims,   Katharine R.E.
Incentive-based programs to reduce deforestation are expected to play an increasingly important role in global efforts to protect ecosystems and sequester carbon but their environmental effectiveness is not clear. We investigate program effectiveness and slippage in the context of Mexico's national payments for hydrological services program, which pays private and communal landowners to maintain forest cover on enrolled lands. To measure program impacts, we use matched controls drawn from the program applicant pool to establish counterfactual deforestation rates in the absence of payments. We find statistically significant but small to moderate avoided deforestation impacts. To examine slippage of deforestation to nonenrolled lands, we develop a model of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Payments for environmental services; Payments for ecosystem services; Program evaluation; Slippage; Leakage; Incentive-based mechanisms; Mexico; Land use; Deforestation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q12; Q24; Q57; R14; O13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93045

A Multifunctional Comparison of Conventional versus Alternative Olive Systems in Spain by Using AHP
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Parra-Lopez,   Carlos; Calatrava-Requena,   Javier.
Sustainability of agriculture is strongly related to the multifunctional role implicitly or explicitly recognized to it in the framework of the European Union CAP. This multifunctional role entails a multicriteria approach when assessing the performance and value for society of farming systems. Multicriteria assessment of agricultural systems is characterized by the existence of many criteria often conflicting among then, many stakeholders and decision-makers with competing interests, and lack of information. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a multicriteria methodology that allows dealing with these problems, in a relatively easy, flexible and economical manner, and therefore it is a potentially useful tool in this field, although its application with...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Organic farming; Integrated farming; Olive-growing systems; AHP; Multicriteria analysis.; Crop Production/Industries; Q50; Q57; Q51; Q56; C6.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25417

Stepping stones for biological invasion: A bioeconomic model of transferable risk
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Warziniack,   Travis; Finnoff,   David C.; Bossenbroek,   Jonathan; Shogren,   Jason F.; Lodge,   David.
Herein we model the widespread dispersal and management of an invasive species as a weak-link public good. The risk of introduction is driven in part by economic activity, is influenced by policies directed at the risk, and economic activity responds/adapts to the risk. Framed around recent introductions and rapid spread of dreissenid mussels in the Western United States, we find three key results. First, partial equilibrium estimates of welfare loss are significantly overestimated relative to general equilibrium estimates. If ecosystem services and market goods are substitutes the partial equilibrium bias is greater than if they are compliments. Second, well-intended policies do not necessarily reduce overall risk; risk reduction actions can transfer risk...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bioeconomic; Invasive species; Risk; Weak-link; Welfare; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Q2; Q26; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60957

The Rule of The Jungle in Pakistan: A Case Study on Corruption and Forest Management in Swat
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Pellegrini,   Lorenzo.
Corruption in the forest sector of Swat, Pakistan is impairing the sustainable management of forest. We analyze corruption in a case study setting against the backdrop of the reform options that are most often cited as possible solutions. As we highlight in this study, the ‘crime and punishment’ approach is not feasibly implemented if the overall institutional environment is weak. Since countrywide overhaul of corruption through sweeping reform programs, the other reform approach, is a difficult and lengthy task, there is a need for an alternative kind of reform. In the case of a corruption-ridden centralised forest management regime, institutional reform should move away from enforcement of existing institutions and promote communal management of natural...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Corruption; Forest management; Environmental policy; Institutional reform; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D73; Q24; Q57.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7439

Whale-watching and Herring Fishing: Joint or Independent Production?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Lee,   Min-Yang A.
The effects of "localized depletion" of a pelagic fishery (herring) on a non-extractive marine activity (tourism) are investigated. Proponents of the localized depletion theory claim that intense fishing effort can lead to areas that are unsuitable for predators like tuna, groundfish, and whales. This leads to poor outcomes for the fishing and whale-watching industries. However, there has been no consensus in the scientific community about the existence of this phenomenon. Localized depletion would be consistent with an economic theory of joint production, in which nearshore herring stocks are an input in production of both herring and whale-watching trips. A unique dataset of daily whale-watching outcomes is combined with fishing effort and oceanographic...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Whales; Fishing; Panel data; Search; Ecosystem Based Management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q57; Q26; Q22.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6086

Management Type Environmental Policy Instruments – An Empirical Investigation
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sauer,   Johannes; Walsh,   John.
The overall aim of this study is to empirically investigate the cost structure of a management agreement type agri-environmental instrument and to identify factors for cost variation over space and time. We control for the actual level of compliance by using compliance weighted average scheme cost ratios. Beside technological and economic performance measures, we also incorporate risk proxies. In addition, we consider unobserved heterogeneity or path dependency with respect to unknown administrative, spatial and farm specific factors. Hence, we try to disentangle random and fixed scheme cost effects by applying a bootstrapped mixed-effects regression approach using the empirical case of the Environmental Stewardship Scheme in the UK. Regional and sectoral...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem Services; Scheme Cost; Risk; Mixed-Effects Regression; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q18; Q57; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91731

Optimising the spatial pattern of landscape revegetation
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Polyakov,   Maksym; Pannell,   David J.; Rowles,   Alexei; Park,   Geoff; Roberts,   Anna M.
The spatial pattern of landscape reconstruction makes a substantial difference to environmental outcomes. We develop a spatially explicit bio-economic model that optimises the reconstruction of a heavily cleared landscape through revegetation. The model determines the spatial priorities for revegetation that minimises economic costs subject to achieving particular improvements in habitat for 29 woodland-dependent bird species. The study focuses on the Avoca catchment (330 thousand ha) in North-Central Victoria. Our model incorporates spatial pattern and heterogeneity of existing and reconstructed vegetation types. The revegetation priorities are identified as being: sites in the vicinity of existing remnants, riparian areas, and parts of the landscape with...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Landscape reconstruction; Biodiversity; Optimisation; Habitat; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100697

Antarctic tourism: Environmental concerns and the importance of Antarctica's natural attractions for tourists
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This article provides general background on the development of tourism in Antarctica and environmental concerns raised by it. However, the major part of it reports on and interprets the results from a survey of tourists visiting Antarctica on a cruise ship. Particular attention is given to the socioeconomic profiles of these tourists, their stated level of knowledge of Antarctica before and after their visit, the relative importance to these visitors of seeing different species of Antarctic wildlife and whether or not the opportunity of seeing Antarctic wildlife was of critical importance for their decision to visit Antarctica. The relative valuation by the sampled tourist of features of their Antarctic cruise is explored along with changes in their...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Antarctica; Antarctica’s natural attractions; Cruise ships in Antarctica; Environmental conservation in Antarctica; Tourism in Antarctica; Wildlife conservation in Antarctica.; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; L83; Q26; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97469

Information and Wildlife Valuation: Experiments and Policy
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo.
An experiment involving 204 residents of Brisbane, Australia is outlined and the results are reported and analysed. Two consecutive surveys of the respondents provide data about their stated knowledge of 23 wildlife species present in tropical Australia, many of which exclusively occur there. In addition, these surveys provide data about the willingness of respondents to pay for the conservation of those species belonging to three taxa: reptiles, mammals, and birds. The respondents’ stated knowledge of the species is compared with their willingness to pay for species’ conservation, and relevant inferences are drawn. When the respondents’ knowledge of the species is experimentally increased in a balanced way, it is found to result in more dispersion...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Q51; Q57; Q58; Environmental Economics and Policy; Biodiversity; Contingent valuation; Endangered species; Environmental evaluation; Knowledge; Wildlife conservation.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51409

Bioeconomic modeling of wetlands and waterfowl in Western Canada: Accounting for amenity values
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Withey,   Patrick; Wong,   Linda.
This study extends an original bioeconomic model of optimal duck harvest and wetland retention by bringing in amenity values related to the nonmarket (in situ) benefits of waterfowl plsi the ecosystem values of wetlands themselves. The model maximizes benefits to hunters as well as the amenity values of ducks and ecosystem benefits of wetlands, subject to the population dynamics. Results indicate that wetlands and duck harvests need to be increased relative to historical levels. Further, the socially optimal ratio of duck harvest to wetlands is larger than what has been observed historically. Including amenity values leads to a significant increase in the quantity of wetlands and duck harvests relative to models that focus only on hunting values.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bioeconomic modelling; Wetland protection; Wildlife management; Nonmarket values; Prairie pothole region; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57; C61; Q25.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61308

The Dynamics of Pollination Markets
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Champetier,   Antoine.
The economic problem of a commercial beekeeper is akin to that of a traveling salesman with the important difference that bees simultaneously pollinate crops and feed on them. In other words, bees not only provide pollination services but also feed on the crops they visit. As a result, the number and price of bees available for pollination at any time for any crop is determined by the demand for pollination services and the supply of bee food from other crops in the market. I develop a dynamic model of yearly  fluctuations in the stock of honey bees and combine it with an economic model of beekeeper's behavior. This dynamic model of bee population highlights the fact that they are a renewable resource whose economic value is derived from both extraction...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pollination; Beekeeping; Pollination markets; Bee population dynamics; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61813

Scientific instruments for climate change adaptation: estimating and optimizing the efficiency of ecosystem service provision
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Villa,   Ferdinando; Bagstad,   Kenneth J.; Johnson,   Gary W.; Voigt,   Brian.
Adaptation to the consequences of climate change can depend on efficient use of ecosystem services (ES), i.e. a better use of natural services through management of the way in which they are delivered to society. While much discussion focuses on reducing consumption and increasing production of services, a lack of scientific instruments has so far prevented other mechanisms to improve ecosystem services efficiency from being addressed systematically as an adaptation strategy. This paper describes new methodologies for assessing ecosystem services and quantifying their values to humans, highlighting the role of ecosystem service flow analysis in optimizing the efficiency of ES provision.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Flow analysis; Bayesian modeling; Spatial analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q54; Q55; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117618

Effect of Ranchland Attributes on Recreational Hunting in Florida: A Hedonic Price Analysis
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Shrestha,   Ram K.; Alavalapati,   Janaki R.R.
Recreational hunting has been an attractive enterprise for some ranchers who are interested in supplementing their income from cattle.  Ranchland attributes-such as parcel size, tree cover, and proximity to urban centers-are expected to influence hunters’ preferences and, thus, hunting lease payments.  We estimated the effects of these attributes on hunting revenues using a hedonic model.  The results reveal that trees and vegetation cover on ranchlands have a positive impact on hunting revenues, indicating opportunities for silvopasture practices.  Those ranchers in Florida who maintain about 22% trees and other vegetation cover receive $16.15 acre per year from hunting leases, but doubling the cover would generate only an additional $3.20 per acre per...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Hedonic model; Hunting lease; Land attributes; Silvopasture; Q23; Q24; Q26; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43475

Assessing the potential for a payments for environmental services system in The Fond D'or Watershed, St. Lucia
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Pantin,   Dennis; Ramjattan,   Donna.
Bridgetown, Barbados 6th – 10th July, 2009
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: St. Lucia; Payment for Agricultural Services; Watershed Services; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q13; Q51; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122659

An Economic Model for Bioprospecting Contracts
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ding,   Helen; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.; Onofri,   Laura.
This paper explores the use of a micro-economic model to analyse the provisions and parties of bioprospecting contracts. It focuses on the pharmaceutical industry as the representative biodiversity buyer, presenting an original theoretical framework that explains the main contract characteristics or stylised facts. Against this background, it considers the main contractors involved in these private contracts, i.e. biodiversity sellers and biodiversity buyers, analysing both the magnitude and distribution of the respective payoffs. Particular attention is devoted to the different, mixed impacts of bioprospecting contracts and patenting on social welfare. The positive welfare impacts delivered by bioprospecting contracts are associated with the potential...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bioprospecting Contract; Genetic Resource; Biodiversity Buyer; Biodiversity Seller; Patenting; Welfare Analysis; Benefit Sharing; Productivity Analysis; D21; D23; D61; L14; Q57.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7450

Mapping of Forest Biodiversity Values: A Plural Perspective
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.; Ojea,   Elena; Loureiro,   Maria L.
The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment is built on a conceptual framework that links biodiversity to the services ecosystems provide to society. Based on this framework, we first compile market and non-market forest valuation studies and, secondly, explore the potential of an econometric modeling exercise by conducting a world wide meta-analysis. This exercise aims to highlight the mapping of biodiversity indicators and assesses their respective role on the valuation exercise. Our results show that biodiversity loss is having an effect on forest ecosystem values. In addition, these effects reveal to be dependent on the type of services and global geo-climatic regions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Millennium Ecosystems Approach; Biodiversity Loss; Meta-Analysis; Market Valuation; Non-Market Valuation; Forests; Q57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47768

Beyond Economic Efficiency in Biodiversity Conservation
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Gatzweiler,   Franz W.; Volkmann,   Jorg.
This paper aims at explaining the importance of the democracy stance as compared to the efficiency stance in order to deal with complexity in biodiversity conservation. While the efficiency stance refers to the realm of relatively simple systems, individual rationality, and instrumental values, the complexity stance transcends these boundaries into the realm of complex systems, social rationality and intrinsic values. We argue that the task of biodiversity conservation is impossible to achieve in economically efficient ways, because (a) it is impossible to come to a (fully informed) complete account of all values, not only because it is costly but also because (b) moral values are involved which (by their nature) exclude themselves from being accounted...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Efficiency; Complexity; Values; Institutions; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; B52; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7704