Consulta: subjectFacets:"R12"
Registros recuperados: 62
Data/hora: 29/05/2024 05:22:39

Value added of Cluster Membership for Micro Enterprises of the Handloom Sector in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ali,   Merima; Peerlings,   Jack H.M.
By contrasting the performance of clustered micro enterprises with that of dispersed ones in the handloom sector in Ethiopia, this study shows that clustering significantly increases profit. To correct for selection bias, we match clustered and dispersed micro enterprises that share similar observable characteristics except for being clustered both in urban and rural areas. Results show that clustering is more profitable in urban than rural areas. It is also found that regional specific factors determining clustering of micro enterprises are different in urban and rural areas, highlighting the need to focus on local circumstances when formulating policies to promote clusters.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cluster; Micro enterprises; Propensity score matching; Handloom; Africa; Ethiopia.; Industrial Organization; L10; L67; R12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49922

Integration Effects in Border Regions - A Survey of Economic Theory and Empirical Studies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Niebuhr,   Annekatrin; Stiller,   Silvia.
Border regions and border effects currently attract a lot of attention in political practice and economic research. Substantial interest in regions located along the frontiers of integrating countries is predominantly inspired by the presumption that their specific geographic position might cause peculiarities in economic adjustments to integration. This survey explores whether economic theory and empirical studies support the assessment that integration effects concentrate in border regions. Economic theory alone allows only very vague conclusions about the spatial effects of integration. Depending on specific circumstances, border regions might benefit, lose or not be affected by integration. Empirical research on border regions - undertaken so far -...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Regional development; Border regions; Integration effects; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Political Economy; R12; F15; O18.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26340

Austrian Border Regions and Eastern Integration A Low Competitiveness - High Growth Paradoxon
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mayerhofer,   Peter.
Many regions on the EU Eastern borders have developed favourably after the opening up of the border and the implementation of association agreements with the CEECs. This was often seen as a positive sign for the further perspectives of these regions after EU enlargement. In this paper we take a closer look at the mechanisms involved in a case study for Austria. Based on a very disaggregated data set at a regional as well as sectoral level we find that neither sectoral preconditions nor locational advantages can explain the good performance of (rural) border regions after 1989. Using multivariate cluster analyses we group 3-digit-industries to theoretically founded typologies indicating different sector characteristics and find that (fast growing) rural...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Border Regions; Integration; EU Enlargement; Regional Competitiveness; Austria; International Relations/Trade; F02; F15; R11; R12.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26234

Are Compact Cities Environmentally (and Socially) Desirable?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gaigne,   Carl; Riou,   Stephane; Thisse,   Jacques-Francois.
There is a wide consensus among international institutions and national governments in favor of compact (i.e. densely populated) cities as a way to improve the ecological performance of the transport system. Indeed, when both the intercity and intra-urban distributions of activities are given, a higher population density makes cities more environmentally friendly as the average commuting length is reduced. However, when we account for the possible relocation of activities within and between cities in response to a higher population density, the latter may cease to hold. Because changes in population density affect land rents and wages, firms and workers re-optimize and choose new locations. We show that this may reshape the urban system in a way that...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse gas; Commuting costs; Transport costs; Cities; Environmental Economics and Policy; D61; F12; Q54; Q58; R12.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121692

Evolution, Spatial Self-Organisation and Path Dependence: Tokyo's Role as an International Financial Center
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Reszat,   Beate.
Japan's markets for money, capital and foreign exchange are among the biggest worldwide. For many years, Tokyo's role as the leading financial center in Asia has been unchallenged. However, recently, other places in the region such as Singapore and Hong Kong have invested heavily to strengthen their competitiveness, and countries like Malaysia and Thailand stand in line to follow their example. This raises two questions: First, how can the emergence of financial centers be explained in general? Second, what are Tokyo's longer-term prospects and how are they affected by the various influences? The study draws the attention to the role of evolutionary forces and the way by which micromotives and the interaction of many agents produces macrobehavior. In this...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics; N25; G15; R12.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26371

Theme Overview: Rural Wealth Creation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pender,   John L.; Weber,   Bruce A.; Fawbush,   Wayne.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Community; Development; Economic; Prosperity; Rural; Wealth; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; R11; R12.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122799

An Empirical Analysis of Agglomeration Effect in the Japanese Food Industry -Panel Analysis Using Flexible Translog Production Function-
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kageyama,   Masahiro; Tokunaga,   Suminori; Akune,   Yuko.
In this paper, we examine the existence of agglomeration effect on production in the Japanese food industry from 1985 to 2000 using plant-level 4-digit subclassification, panel dataset and new agglomeration index in Akune and Tokunaga (2005), and Tokunaga, Kageyama, and Akune (2005), based on Ellison and Glaeser (1997). This is an improvement on the the conventional indices such as Location Quotient (LQ) or Location Gini Coefficient (L).When we apply a flexible translog production function and cost share equation as suggested by Kim (1992), we find that around 2% of positive agglomeration effect exists in absence of any restriction on homotheticity in the the case of employment based agglomeration (Gamma EG ).
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agglomeration; Japanese food industry; Panel data analysis; Flexible translog production functions; Agribusiness; R12; R3; Q59.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25510

Federal Forest Policy and Community Prosperity in the Pacific Northwest
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weber,   Bruce A.; Chen,   Yong.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Amenities; Community Wealth; Federal Forest Policy; Income; Northern Spotted Owl; Northwest Forest Plan; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; R11; R12.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122803

Tipologia municipal de classes sociocupacionais: uma nova dimensão para análise das desigualdades territoriais no Brasil
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maia,   Alexandre Gori; Quadros,   Waldir Jose de.
The main purpose of this work is to propose a new configuration for the Brazilian territory, providing a relevant dimension to analyze Brazilian social inequalities. The central hypothesis is that the social structure, which consists of a combination between labor market position (occupational class) and per capita income level (social stratum) of Brazilian families, is able to identify social patterns which play an import role in analyzing the huge inequalities of living condition in Brazil.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Social stratification; Income distribution; Regional disparities; Agricultural Finance; Public Economics; J82; R12; R23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60806

Beyond the Home Market Effect: Market Size and Specialization in a Multi-Country World
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Behrens,   Kristian; Lamorgese,   Andrea R.; Ottaviano,   Gianmarco I.P.; Tabuchi,   Takatoshi.
The standard two-country model of international trade with monopolistic competition predicts a more-than-proportional relationship between a country’s share of world production of a good and its share of world demand for that same good, a result known as the “home market effect”. We first show that this prediction does not generally carry through to the multi-country case, as production patterns are crucially affected by third country effects. We then derive an alternative prediction that holds whatever the number of countries considered. This new prediction takes into account important features of the real world such as comparative advantage due to cross-country technological differences and lack of factor price equalization.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Comparative Advantage; Home Market Effect; Hub Effect; International Trade; Monopolistic Competition; Multi-country Models; International Relations/Trade; F12; R12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56212

Is population growth conducive to the sustainability of cooperation?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stark,   Oded; Jakubek,   Marcin.
This paper asks whether population growth is conducive to the sustainability of cooperation. A simple model is developed in which farmers who live around a circular lake engage in trade with their adjacent neighbors. The payoffs from this activity are governed by a prisoner’s dilemma “rule of engagement.” Every farmer has one son when the population is not growing, or two sons when it is growing. In the former case, the son takes over the farm when his father dies. In the latter case, one son stays on his father’s farm, whereas the other son settles around another lake, along with the “other” sons of the other farmers. During his childhood, each son observes the strategies and the payoffs of his father and of the trading partners of his father, and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Population growth; Imitation; Sustainability of cooperation; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; C72; D01; D83; J19; J62; R12; R23.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109965

A SPATIAL ECONOMETRIC STAR MODEL WITH AN APPLICATION TO U.S. COUNTY ECONOMIC GROWTH, 1969–2003
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pede,   Valerien O.; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.; Holt,   Matthew T.
Spatial regression models incorporating non-stationarity in the regression coefficients are popular. We propose a spatial variant of the Smooth Transition AutoRegressive (STAR) model that is more parsimonious than commonly used approaches and endogenously determines the extent of spatial parameter variation. Uncomplicated estimation and inference procedures are demonstrated using a neoclassical convergence model for United States counties.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Spatial autoregression; Smooth transition; Spatial econometrics; STAR; GWR; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital; Political Economy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C21; C51; R11; R12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48117

The Determinants of Self-Employed Income in a Regional Economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swindall,   Devin C.; Willis,   David B.; Boys,   Kathryn A.; Hughes,   David W.
Supporters claim that entrepreneurship is critical to building and sustaining the regional economies of urban and rural areas across the nation. Proponents argue that economic development practices that enhance and support entrepreneurship are essential because they cultivate innovation which, in turn, creates new jobs, new wealth, and a better quality of life. However, South Carolina’s real self-employed per capita income has decreased over the last decade. This downward trend highlights the need to examine the drivers of entrepreneurial income. The income of self-employed workers, as opposed to the number of self-employed, is critical to economic development because a major goal of economic policy is to increase incomes not just employment. Identifying...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Self-employed income; Entrepreneurship; Quantile regression; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Labor and Human Capital; R11; R12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103957

Spatial Dependence of Regional Unemployment in the European Union
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Niebuhr,   Annekatrin.
The findings of recent studies on adjustment processes suggest that regional labour markets in the EU and the US differ significantly. Low wage flexibility and limited labour mobility in European countries involve persistent unemployment differentials across regions. However, the spatial dimension of regional labour market problems is largely neglected in the corresponding analyses. In contrast, the present paper focuses on the spatial structure of regional unemployment disparities. Regions are tightly linked by migration, commuting and interregional trade. These types of spatial interaction are exposed to frictional effects of distance, possibly causing spatial dependence of regional labour market conditions. Spatial association of regional unemployment...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Regional unemployment; Spatial interaction; Spatial econometrics; Europe; Labor and Human Capital; C21; E24; R12.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26147

Die Osterweiterung aus raumwirtschaftlicher Perspektive - Prognosen regionalokonomischer Theorien und Erfahrungen aus der bisherigen Integration in Europa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lammers,   Konrad.
Im Zuge der Osterweiterung der Europäischen Union eröffnen sich für die Beitrittskandidatenländer gute Möglichkeiten, wirtschaftliche Aktivitäten aus Westeuropa und anderswo zu attrahieren und im Pro-Kopf-Einkommen aufzuholen. Der Aufholprozess der Beitrittsländer wird jedoch von zunehmender regionaler Divergenz in diesen Ländern begleitet sein. Diese Einschätzung beruht auf den Erfahrungen bei früheren Integrationsprozessen in Europa, insbesondere bei der Süderweiterung, und der ökonomischen Entwicklung in den Kohäsionsländern. Die bisherige Entwicklung der Beitrittskandidatenländer, die im Hinblick auf Handels- und Direktinvestitionsverflechtungen bereits in hohem Maße mit Westeuropa verflochten sind, bestätigen diese Einschätzungen. In the course of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Enlargement; Regional convergence; Integration; Economic geography; Political Economy; F15; O52; O18; R12.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26126

Spatial Shift-Share Analysis of the Leisure and Hospitality Sector on the Gulf Coast following Hurricane Katrina
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Evans,   Garen K.
Employment shifts in the Leisure and Hospitality sector along the Gulf coast following Hurricane Katrina were explored using spatial shift-share analysis. Using a spatial weights matrix that incorporated relative employment, and distance measures relative to the track of the storm we calculated classical and spatial shift-share components. Each of the spatial components then was regressed on net employment change, and the results were statistically significant, and similar to results obtained by Marquez and Ramajo (2005). These results suggest that spatial interaction between employment centers as well as with the storm track, was a relevant aspect of the employment shifts that occurred following Hurricane Katrina.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; R11; R12; J21.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6744

Education and Socioeconomic Well-Being in Racially Diverse Rural Counties
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mykerezi,   Elton; Mills,   Bradford F.; Gomes,   Sonya.
This paper examines trends in the socioeconomic well-being in rural counties where Black residents represent one third or more of the population.  These racially diverse rural counties (RDRCs) are located exclusively in the rural South and generally have low levels of economic well-being.  On a positive note, college education levels in RDRCs are found to have increased rapidly between 1990 and 2000.  Regression analysis suggests that these increases were in part due to the concentration of Historically Black Colleges and Universities in the region.  Local investments in K-12 education are also found to be linked to county education levels.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Blacks; Public education; Public investment; Rural South; R12; I21; R53.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37959

Short-run Birth and Death of U.S. Manufacturing Firms: 2000 - 2005
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brown,   Jason P.; Lambert,   Dayton M.
Attracting manufacturing investment remains a viable regional development policy. Previous research in the location literature has informed policymakers which factors are most important for attracting new firm investment. Far less is known about the dynamics of firm death and the possible interaction with firm birth. A conceptual model of county-level investment in the U.S. manufacturing sector is developed from location theory and subsequent literature. Specifically, we test the relative importance of location factors influencing firm investment, and if these factors influence firm birth and death differently. Local factors include labor quality, availability, and cost, market conditions, agglomeration due to localization and urbanization economies,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Location factors; Manufacturing; Creative destruction; Community/Rural/Urban Development; L60; R11; R12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46739

Feeding the Cities and Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Beyond the Food Miles Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Cara,   Stephane; Fournier,   Anne; Gaigne,   Carl.
In this paper, we study the impact of urbanization on the location of agricultural production and the GHG emissions related to transportation activities. We develop an economic geography model where the location of agricultural activities and urban population are endogenous. We show that increasing agricultural yields induce the spatial concentration of agricultural production in the least urbanized region if agricultural transport costs are relatively low and in the most urbanized region otherwise. In addition, interregional trade in agricultural commodities is desirable to reduce GHG emissions, except when urban population is equally split between cities. However, the market may induce too much agglomeration of agricultural production when yields are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Urbanization; Agriculture location; Transport; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Q10; Q54; R12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114350

Openness and Urban Concentration in Europe, 1870-1990
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nitsch,   Volker.
This paper provides a new attempt to examine the relationship between an economy's exposure to foreign trade and its degree of urban concentration. In contrast to previous work, which is often based on rich cross-country data sets, the analysis is focused exclusively on European countries, allowing to explore reliable historical data. The results generally confirm earlier findings of a negative relationship between openness and city size for the period from 1970 to 1990, but are much weaker for other time periods and concentration measures. Therefore, it is argued that the linkage between trade policy and urban centralization is not robust. Dieses Papier untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen dem Offenheitsgrad einer Volkswirtschaft und dem Ausmaß urbaner...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Urban Concentration; Openness; Urban Primacy; City Size; Community/Rural/Urban Development; R11; R12.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26266

Borders, Market Size and Urban Growth, The Case of Saxon Towns and the Zollverein in the 19th Century
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ploeckl,   Florian.
Changes in trade institutions, such as the abolishment of tariff barriers, have a potentially strong impact on economic development. The Zollverein, the 1834 customs union between German states, erased borders in much of central Europe. This paper investigates the Zollverein's economic impact through a study of urban population and its growth in the German state of Saxony.  A model of the effect of market access on urban growth is combined with an extensive data set on town populations in Saxony and its neighbors as well as an improved distance measure based on GIS techniques, which take into account elevation patterns, roads, and rivers.  The results show that Zollverein membership led to significantly higher growth for towns close to the border with...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: F15; N93; R12; International Relations/Trade; Zollverein; Saxony; Customs Union; Market Access; Economic Geography; GIS; Distance measurement.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/229132

Growth and Technological Leadership in US Industries: A  Spatial Econometric Analysis at the State Level, 1963–-1997
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pede,   Valerien O.; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.; de Groot,   Henri L.F.
For several decades, cross-country analyses have dominated the literature on economic growth. Recently, these analyses have been extended to include sectoral variation as well as spatial variation across sub-national regions. This paper investigates economic growth and potential determinants of the process of catch-up to technology leaders for several economic sectors, using data for the lower 48 US states from 1963 through 1997. We analyze the potential influence of factors such as human capital, and geographical distance to the technology leader. A spatially explicit growth model in which technological progress is endogenously determined is used to model productivity growth in nine US industries, ranging from mining to government, and including a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Regional economic growth; Convergence; Industry level; Technological leadership; Spatial econometrics; Industrial Organization; C21; I23; O33; R12.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9691

Towards a General Theory of Environmental Inequality: Social Characteristics of Townships and the Distribution of Pollution in China’s Jiangsu Province
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schoolman,   Ethan D.; Ma,   Chunbo.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Inequality; Hukou System; Pollution; China; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Health Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D63; J15; J61; Q53; R12; R23.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117809

The Impact of EU Enlargement on European Border Regions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Niebuhr,   Annekatrin.
EU enlargement is supposed to entail profound impact on the location of economic activities in Europe. Although there is concern about the implications of enlargement for regional disparities in the EU, corresponding empirical results are still rare. The objective of this analysis is to provide empirical evidence on enlargement effects with a special focus on border regions in the EU27 since they are likely to play a critical role within the spatial dynamics initiated by integration. Departing from a three-region economic geography model we investigate whether changes in market access released by integration result in above-average integration benefits in border regions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Integration; Market access; EU enlargement; Border regions; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; C21; F15; R12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26384

POTENTIAL CHALLENGES FOR BEGINNING FARMERS AND RANCHERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ahearn,   Mary Clare.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Beginning Farmer and Rancher; Farm Finances; Access to Farmland; Government Farm Programs; Off-farm Income; Age of Farm Operator; Farm Management; Q12; Q14; Q14; Q18; R12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109475

The Impact of Optimal Tariffs and Taxes on Agglomeration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ross,   Matthias.
This paper extends an economic geography model by tariffs to analyze their impact on welfare and sustainability of agglomerations. Policies with and without cooperation are compared, with the goal of maximizing aggregated welfare in the former and regional welfare in the latter case. The main result is that under cooperation poorer regions are worse off in two respects. In the short-run they loose even more welfare and in the long-run sustainable agglomerations in richer regions get more likely. Thus, although cooperation could generate aggregated welfare gains the potential losers face even in the short-run no incentive to remove tariffs unless they are compensated appropriately, for instance by transfers. In this sense transfers from the rich to the poor...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Optimal tariffs; Optimal taxation; Policy coordination; Economic geography; Economic integration; Political Economy; F13; H21; F42; R12; F15.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26154

THEME OVERVIEW: BRINGING BROADBAND TO RURAL AMERICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barnes,   James N.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Broadband; Internet; Regional Economic Development; Rural Regions; Community/Rural/Urban Development; R12; O33; O57; R11.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100801

Spatial Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Desmet,   Klaus; Rossi-Hansberg,   Esteban.
We present a theory of spatial development. A continuum of locations in a geographic area choose each period how much to innovate (if at all) in manufacturing and services. Locations can trade subject to transport costs and technology diffuses spatially across locations. The result is an endogenous growth theory that can shed light on the link between the evolution of economic activity over time and space. We apply the model to study the evolution of the U.S. economy in the last few decades and find that the model can generate the reduction in the employment share in manufacturing, the increase in service productivity in the second part of the 1990s, the increase in land rents in the same period, as well as several other spatial and temporal patterns.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Dynamic Spatial Models; Growth; Innovation; Land Rent Evolution; Structural Transformation; Technology Diffusion; Trade; Community/Rural/Urban Development; E32; O11; O18; O33; R12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59852

Rural quality districts in Italy as a tool of sustainable governance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cisilino,   Federica; Marangon,   Francesco; Troiano,   Stefania.
The aim of this study is to point out the opportunities to improve the competitiveness of rural areas using new tools of governance.  For this purpose we firstly identify the specific rules adopted in Italy in favour of a specific tool – the district – in order to analyse its guidelines to support rural sustainable development governance.  We then describe the implementation of integrated programming approaches, referring data to the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region.  The results give us the opportunity to identify a number of projects that were developed among several stakeholders to potentially create and promote a local district.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustainable governance; Rural district; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Q01; R12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94625

New Economic Geography in Germany: Testing the Helpman-Hanson Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brakman,   Steven; Garretsen,   Harry; Schramm,   Marc.
In this paper we find evidence that the new economic geography approach is able to describe and explain the spatial characteristics of an economy, in our case the German economy. Using German district data we estimate the structural parameters of a new economic geography model as developed by Helpman (1998) and Hanson (1998) and we find confirmation for a spatial wage structure. The advantage of the Helpman- Hanson model is that it incorporates the fact that agglomeration of economic activity increases the prices of local (non-tradable) services, like housing. This model thereby provides an intuitively appealing spreading force that allows for less extreme agglomeration patterns than predicted by the bulk of new economic geography models. Based on...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic geography; Empirical estimation; Germany; Labor and Human Capital; Political Economy; R10; R12; R23.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26183

An Evolutionary Edge of Knowing Less (or: On the "Curse" of Global Information)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stark,   Oded; Behrens,   Doris A.
Consider a population of farmers who live around a lake. Each farmer engages in trade with his two adjacent neighbors. The trade is governed by a prisoner’s dilemma “rule of engagement.” A farmer’s payoff is the sum of the payoffs from the two prisoner’s dilemma games played with his two neighbors. When a farmer dies, his son takes over. The son decides whether to cooperate or defect by considering the actions taken and the payoffs received by the most prosperous members of the group comprising his own father and a set of his father’s neighbors. The size of this set, which can vary, is termed the “span of information.” It is shown that a larger span of information can be detrimental to the stable coexistence of cooperation and defection, and that in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Span of interaction; Span of information; Imitation; Social welfare; Community/Rural/Urban Development; D83; R12; O4.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49924

Georeferenced Assessment of Trade Liberalization Effects on Agriculture in Ecuador
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ludena,   Carlos E.; Schuschny,   Andres; de Miguel,   Carlos; Duran Lima,   Jose E.
As the use of global and national computable general equilibrium (CGE) models has become more widespread, most policies still remain at the regional or sub-national level. This level of disparity requires an approach that bridges the gap between national results and sub-national policies. This study provides a methodology that combines micro-level information and the results of a CGE model with geographical information to spatially map the effects of trade liberalization on the agricultural sector. This methodology enables to distribute changes in value of production for each production unit according to the importance of a specific crop in the political administrative unit. These results show the geographic effects of the FTA on Ecuador's agriculture, and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Geographic Information Systems (GIS); Computable general equilibrium (CGE); Trade liberalization; Agriculture; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; C15; R12; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50556

A Global Map of Costal Recreation Values: Results From a Spatially Explicit Based Meta-Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ghermandi,   Andrea; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
The welfare dimension of the recreational services provided by global coastal ecosystems is examined through a meta-analytical regression-based valuation approach.  First, we construct a global, state-of-the-art database of stated and revealed preference estimates on coastal recreation, which includes also the grey literature and with the latest entry updated to February 2010. Second, the profile of each of the 253 observations of our dataset, which correspond to individual value estimates, was further enriched with characteristics of the built coastal environment (site accessibility, anthropogenic pressure, level of human development), characteristics of the natural coastal environment (presence of protected area, type of ecosystem,  and marine...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Built Coastal Environment; Natural Coastal Environment; Ecosystem Service Valuation; Geographic Information Systems; Mapping Ecosystem Values; Marine Biodiversity; Scaling up; Spatial Analysis; Spatial Economic Valuation; Value Transfer; Environmental Economics and Policy; C53; Q26; Q57; R12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108205

Path Dependence, Institutions and the Density of Economic Activities: Evidence from Italian Cities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Percoco,   Marco.
In recent years a growing body of literature has begun to consider the possible presence of path dependence in the development processes of countries. This phenomenon has always been recognized in regional and urban studies because the path of development almost naturally follows a history-dependent spatial diffusion influenced by both physical geography and the quality of institutions. In this paper, I consider the case of firm concentration in Italy and its impact on local development. A large and growing literature has argued in favour of persisting effects of past institutions on current outcomes. Hence, in order to identify the impact of firm density on income, I use instruments from the history of a set of Italian cities: namely the presence of a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Path dependence; Urban development; Geography; Institutions; Firm density; Community/Rural/Urban Development; O18; R12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94792

Measuring the local economic integration of farm households: Findings from two case study areas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roberts,   Deborah; Majewski,   Edward; Sulewski,   Piotr.
Despite the emphasis given in EU agricultural policy to the local economic benefits of a maintaining a strong agricultural sector, relatively little research has focussed on the contribution farm households make to their localities. The lack of understanding is particularly acute given ongoing changes in the agri-food chain and changes in farm structures. The paper presents findings from an analysis of the direct transactions associated with a sample of farm households drawn from two European case study areas – Podlaskie, Poland and North East Scotland, UK. The results confirm that the concept of “local” in relation to farm household transactions depends on the economic geography of the area under analysis. With the exception of off-farm work, farm...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Local; Spatial concentration; Farm households; Agricultural and Food Policy; R12; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99595

Manufacturing Transition in Local Economies: A Regional Adjustment Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brown,   Jason P.; Lambert,   Dayton M.; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.
This paper addresses changes in capital formation by testing the importance of location factors with respect to the rate of establishment births and deaths in U.S. manufacturing, 2000–2004. A theoretical concept called “localized creative destruction” is tested as a mechanism to explain the dynamics impacting the spatial distribution of manufacturing establishment birth and death rates. While no support of this process was found, results identify a convergence process occurring where counties with high initial birth/death rates have smaller changes in firm birth and death rates. The interpretation is that counties become more equally competitive in terms of firm formation dynamics in lieu of successful counties increasing their lead in the short run. This...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Location determinants; Manufacturing; Adjustment models; Community/Rural/Urban Development; L60; R11; R12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61130

A TWO-STEP ESTIMATOR FOR A SPATIAL LAG MODEL OF COUNTS: THEORY, SMALL SAMPLE PERFORMANCE AND AN APPLICATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lambert,   Dayton M.; Brown,   Jason P.; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.
Several spatial econometric approaches are available to model spatially correlated disturbances in count models, but there are at present no structurally consistent count models incorporating spatial lag autocorrelation. A two-step, limited information maximum likelihood estimator is proposed to fill this gap. The estimator is developed assuming a Poisson distribution, but can be extended to other count distributions. The small sample properties of the estimator are evaluated with Monte Carlo experiments. Simulation results suggest that the spatial lag count estimator achieves gains in terms of bias over the aspatial version as spatial lag autocorrelation and sample size increase. An empirical example deals with the location choice of single-unit start-up...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Count model; Location choice; Manufacturing; Poisson; Spatial econometrics; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C21; C25; D21; R12; R30.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59780

Concentration and Specialisation Trends in Germany since Reunification
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Suedekum,   Jens.
In this paper we describe the development of regional specialisation and geographical concentration in Germany between 1993 and 2001. Somewhat contrary to theoretical expectations derived from the recent literature in location theory, we neither find compelling evidence for a specialisation process of German regions, nor for a concentration process of industries. By and large and with some exceptions, this conclusion holds both for West Germany and Germany as a whole, as well as for all levels of territorial aggregation (NUTS1-NUTS3). Urban areas are stronger specialised than rural districts, but also subject to faster de-specialisation. Those regions, which have increased regional specialisation against the trend, have performed significantly better in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Regional Specialisation; Geographical Concentration; Economic Integration; Location Theory; Employment Growth; Germany; Community/Rural/Urban Development; F14; F15; R12.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26294

Transfers, Agglomeration and German Unification
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ross,   Matthias.
This paper analyses in the framework of a 2-region economic geography model the impact of transfers on agglomeration of economic activity. Two main results can be derived: First, subsidies to the activity of firms are more efficient to avoid agglomeration than subsidies to consumers (social policy). Second, if a less developed region starts its catch up process first increasing and afterwards decreasing transfers are necessary to avoid agglomeration. Due to these results east Germany's slowdown of convergence may be a consequence of too less transfers and especially too less firm subsidies. Furthermore, if East Germany locates still at the first stage of convergence even increasing transfers would be necessary to guarantee convergence. Im Rahmen eines...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic geography; Economic integration; Transfers; Tax policy; East Germany; Political Economy; R12; F02; H7.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26161

Technological Leadership and Sectoral Employment Growth: A Spatial Econometric Analysis for U.S. Counties
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pede,   Valerien O.; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.; de Groot,   Henri L.F.
This paper investigates the determinants of technological catch-up and examines at a refined level of spatial and sectoral aggregation to what extent geographical and/or technological proximity to the technology leader impact regional employment growth. Technological progress is endogenously determined and depends on specialization, competition and diversity. We also allow technological progress to depend on agglomeration economies in proximate regions, and model technological progress by means of a hierarchical process of catch-up to the technology leader. Results indicate that human capital plays a crucial role in promoting sectoral employment growth. The effect of technological distance varies, depending on which sector is considered. Technological...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Regional employment growth; Technology leadership; Space; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; R11; R12; C21; O32; O47.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102827

STRENGTHENING RURAL AMERICA’S POSITION IN THE GLOBAL BROADBAND ADOPTION RACE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barnes,   James N.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Broadband; Rural America; Economic Development; Internet; Rural Regions; Agribusiness; R12; O33; O57; R11.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100896

Spatial Price Adjustment with and without Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stephens,   Emma C.; Mabaya,   Edward T.
In this paper we introduce a switching error correction model (SECM) estimator that allows for the possibility that price transmission between markets might vary during periods with and without physical trade flows. Applying this new approach to semi-weekly data on tomato markets in Zimbabwe, we find that intermarket price adjustment occurs quickly and as much when there is no trade as when product flows from one market to another. This finding underscores the importance of information flow for market performance.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Marketing; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q13; R12; C32; P42.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6538

In search of an evolutionary edge: trading with a few, more, or many
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stark,   Oded; Behrens,   Doris A.
Consider a population of farmers who live around a lake. Each farmer engages in trade with his m adjacent neighbors, where m is termed the "span of interaction." Trade is governed by a prisoner’s dilemma "rule of engagement." A farmer’s payoff is the sum of the payoffs from the m prisoner’s dilemma games played with his m/2 neighbors to the left, and with his m/2 neighbors to the right. When a farmer dies, his son takes over. The son who adheres to his father’s span of interaction decides whether to cooperate or defect by considering the actions taken and the payoffs received by the most prosperous member of the group comprising his father and his father’s m trading partners. Under a conventional structure of payoffs, it is shown that a large span of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Local interaction; Span of interaction; Imitation; Cooperation; Social welfare; Farm Management; D83; R12; O4.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94280

An Account of Geographic Concentration Patterns in Europe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brulhart,   Marius; Traeger,   Rolf.
Using entropy indices and associated bootstrap tests, we describe the distribution of economic sectors across Western European regions over the 1975-2000 period. We decompose geographic concentration into its within-country and between-country components. In addition, we estimate centre-periphery gradients in sectoral location patterns and the impact of EU membership on countries' internal geography. It is found that manufacturing has become gradually more concentrated, although the locational bias towards central regions has become weaker. Conversely, market services have been relocating towards centrally located regions. EU integration appears to have strengthened countries' internal concentration trends.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Geographic concentration; EU regions; Centre-periphery gradients; Entropy indices; Bootstrap inference; Community/Rural/Urban Development; R12; R14; F15.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26155

Alternative Territorial Breakdowns of Statistics for Supporting Rural Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lauwers,   Ludwig H.; Kerselaers,   Eva; Lenders,   Sonia; Vervaet,   Mieke; Vervloet,   Dirk.
In order to support rural policy making with appropriate information, alternative territorial breakdowns of statistics are necessary. This paper shows how the widely used criterion of 150 inhabitants per km² can be fine tuned to better account for local specific conditions, in particular high population densities. Alternative population density thresholds are confronted with local perceptions of rurality, aggregated in a rurality index. The method is illustrated for two regions that differ in urbanisation level. The rurality index not only increases the discriminatory power, but also helps to find a less erroneous and more robust proxy for international comparable breakdowns of statistics.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural development; Rurality index; OECD; Central limit theorem; Agricultural and Food Policy; C10; O18; R12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24635

Pollution and the Efficiency of Urban Growth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quaas,   Martin F.; Smulders,   Sjak.
We analyze the efficiency of urbanization patterns in a dynamic model of endogenous urban growth with two sectors of production. Production exhibits increasing returns to scale on aggregate. Urban environmental pollution, as a force that discourages agglomeration, is caused by domestic production. We show that cities are too large and too few in number in equilibrium, compared to the efficient urbanization path, if economic growth implies increasing aggregate emissions. If, on the other hand, production becomes cleaner over time (`quality growth') the urbanization path approximates the efficient outcome after finite time.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cities; Urbanisation; Pollution; Growth; Migration; Sustainable Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Q56; R12; O18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44225

Firm Birth and Death in U.S. Manufacturing: A Regional Adjustment Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brown,   Jason P.; Lambert,   Dayton M.; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.
Attracting manufacturing investment is a frequently used rural development policy.  Previous research in the location literature has informed policymakers which factors are most important for attracting new firm investment.  Far less is known about the interaction of birth and death of establishments.  A conceptual model of county-level investment in the U.S. manufacturing sector is developed from location theory and subsequent literature.  Specifically, we test the relative importance of location factors influencing firm investment, and if these factors influence firm birth and death differently.  Local factors include agglomeration due to localization, urbanization, and internal economies, market structure, labor quality, availability, and cost, market...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Location determinants; Manufacturing; Count models; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; L60; R11; R12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49467

Spatial Effects of European Integration: Do Border Regions Benefit Above Average?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Niebuhr,   Annekatrin.
A basic result of new economic geography (NEG) models is that the proximity to consumer markets impacts wages and employment within regions. The ongoing process of European integration, being targeted on the reduction of barriers to trade and factor mobility, has presumably changed relative market access in Europe. The present paper aims at providing some evidence on spatial effects of integration released by declining border impediments and changing market potentials. The analysis departs from a three-region economic geography model. We focus on the impact of integration on European border regions and the question whether they realise above average integration benefits. The empirical analysis concerns integration effects in the EU15 regions arising from a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: New economic geography; Market access; European integration; Border regions; International Relations/Trade; C21; F15; R12.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26196

TIPOLOGIA MUNICIPAL DE CLASSES SÓCIO-OCUPACIONAIS: UMA NOVA DIMENSÃO PARA ANÁLISE DAS DESIGUALDADES TERRITORIAIS NO BRASIL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maia,   Alexandre Gori; Quadros,   Waldir Jose de.
O objetivo principal deste trabalho é propor uma nova configuração para o território brasileiro, fornecendo uma relevante dimensão para análise das desigualdades sociais brasileiras. A hipótese central é que a estrutura social, uma conjugação entre inserção no mercado de trabalho (classe ocupacional) e faixa de renda per capita (estrato social) das famílias brasileiras, é capaz de identificar padrões sociais que cumprem papel essencial nas análises sobre as condições de vida da população. Para cumprir tal objetivo, este trabalho foi estruturado em três partes principais: i) descrição da metodologia de estratificação social; ii) identificação dos grupos de municípios relativamente homogêneos de desenvolvimento da estrutura social (perfis sociais) e análise...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Estratificação social; Renda - distribuição; Disparidades regionais; Social stratification; Income distribution; Regional disparities; Community/Rural/Urban Development; J82; R12; R23.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109729

Existe convergência espacial da produtividade agrícola no Brasil?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Almeida,   Eduardo Simões de; Perobelli,   Fernando Salgueiro; Ferreira,   Pedro Guilherme Costa.
This work analyzes the convergence of land productivity for Brazilian regions from 1991 to 2003. It evaluates if there is or not convergence of the agricultural productivity, controlling explicitly for spatial effects. To do so, an exploratory spatial data analysis was previously implemented and the presence of spatial autocorrelation for the land productivity was detected. In addition, spatial econometric models were developed for the convergence analysis.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Convergence; Land productivity; Spatial econometrics; Spatial autocorrelation.; Agribusiness; R12; C31; Q10.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61267

Enlargement and the EU Periphery: The Impact of Changing Market Potential
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brulhart,   Marius; Crozet,   Matthieu; Koenig,   Pamina.
We study the impact of changing relative market access in an enlarged EU on the economies of incumbent Objective 1 regions. First, we track the impact of external opening on internal spatial configurations in a three-region economic geography model. External opening gives rise to potentially offsetting economic forces, but for most parameter configurations it is found to raise the locational attractiveness of the region that is close to the external market. Then, we explore the relation between market access and economic activity empirically. We simulate the impact of enlargement on EU Objective 1 regions. Predicted market-access induced gains in regional GDP and manufacturing employment are up to seven times larger in regions proximate to the new...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: New economic geography; Market potential; EU enlargement; Objective 1 regions; International Relations/Trade; F12; F15; R12.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26330

Market Access and Regional Disparities: New Economic Geography in Europe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Niebuhr,   Annekatrin.
New Economic Geography (NEG) has reached a theoretical consolidation while related empirical tests are still scarce. The present paper aims at providing some evidence on the validity of forces emphasised by NEG. The analysis starts from the nominal wage equation derived from the Krugman "core-periphery model" and focuses on one of the main propositions of NEG that access advantages raise factor prices. The paper investigates the significance of market access for regional wages and the geographic extent of demand linkages for a cross section of European regions, also taking into account the effects of national borders. The regression analysis covers the period between 1985 and 2000. The results are consistent with the implication of NEG that demand linkages...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: New economic geography; Market access; Europe; International Relations/Trade; C21; F12; R12.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26148

Regional Income Inequality and Economic Growth: A Spatial Econometrics Analysis for Provinces in the Philippines
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pede,   Valerien O.; Sparks,   Adam H.; McKinley,   Justin D.
This paper revisits the inequality-growth relationship using data at the sub-national (provincial) level in the Philippines over the period 1991- 2000. A conditional convergence growth model is considered where the growth of per capita income depends on inequality and other growth factors. The contribution of each province to the overall inequality obtained from the Theil index is considered. Results indicate that inequality has a positive and significant effect on per capita income growth. However, the magnitude of the inequality effect is not stable across regions. Geographically Weighted Regression estimates show that the magnitude of the inequality growth relationship varies over a range of 0.72 to 3.36. Other results are also noteworthy in this study....
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Clusters; Growth; Inequality; Spatial econometrics; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; R11; R12; O15; C21.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124402

Mapping the Evolution of "Clusters": A Meta-analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maggioni,   Mario A.; Gambarotto,   Francesca; Uberti,   Teodora Erika.
This paper presents a meta-analysis of the “cluster literature” contained in scientific journals from 1969 to 2007. Thanks to an original database we study the evolution of a stream of literature which focuses on a research object which is both a theoretical puzzle and an empirical widespread evidence. We identify different growth stages, from take-off to development and maturity. We test the existence of a life-cycle within the authorships and we discover the existence of a substitutability relation between different collaborative behaviours.  We study the relationships between a “spatial” and an “industrial” approach within the textual corpus of cluster literature and we show the existence of a “predatory” interaction. We detect the relevance of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cluster; Life-Cycle; Cluster Literature; Textual Analysis; Agglomeration; Co-Authorship; Community/Rural/Urban Development; O18; R12; Z13; B41.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54293

Disentangling Access and View Amenities in Access-Restricted Coastal Residential Communities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morgan,   O. Ashton; Hamilton,   Stuart E.
In coastal communities with uniform flood risk, amenity value is comprised of two components – view and access. Having controlled for view, it is assumed that any residual amenity value represents the benefit derived from accessing the beach for leisure/recreational purposes. However, as properties closer to the beach typically have improved viewsheds, the two amenities are highly correlated, and disentangling view and access is problematical. A spatial autoregressive hedonic model captures ease of beach access via a network distance parameter that varies independently from property viewshed, collinearity effects are mitigated, and access and view can be disentangled.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Beach access; Property viewshed; Spatial hedonic model; Willingness to pay; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q51; R12; R21; R23.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104620

Spatial Agglomeration, Technology and Outsourcing of Knowledge Intensive Business Services. Empirical Insights from Italy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antonietti,   Roberto; Cainelli,   Giulio.
Aim of this paper is to explore the main drivers of outsourcing of knowledge intensive business services by Italian manufacturing firms. While anecdotal and empirical evidence has emphasized labour cost and scale economies as behind firms’ choices to outsource production or service activities, here we focus on spatial agglomeration and technology as important factors. Using microeconomic data on a repeated cross-section of Italian manufacturing firms for the period 1998-2003, we develop a two-stage model in order to avoid selection bias: first, we estimate the determinants of the firm's decision to outsource business-related services; second, we estimate the main factors underlying the intensity and complexity of KIBS outsourcing, expressed by the number...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: KIBS; Service Outsourcing; R&amp;D; ICT; Spatial Agglomeration; Labor and Human Capital; L24; L84; R32; R12.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8221

Aggregation and Calibration of Agricultural Sector Models Through Crop Mix Restrictions and Marginal Profit Adjustments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wiborg,   Torben; McCarl,   Bruce A.; Rasmussen,   Svend; Schneider,   Uwe A.
All agricultural sector models must deal with aggregation and calibration somehow. The aggregation problem involves treating a group of producers as if they all responded in the same way as a single representative unit. The calibration problem concerns making a model reproduce as closely as possible an empirically observed set of decision maker actions. This paper shows how both calibration and aggregation are addressed through crop mix restrictions combined with marginal profit adjust-ments.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Mathematical programming; Aggregation; Calibration; Crop mix; Marginal cost; Agricultural sector model; Agribusiness; C6; C61; Q1; Q11; Q17; Q18; R12; R13; R14.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24567

Unscrambling Africa: Regional Requirements for Achieving Food Security
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haggblade,   Steven.
Africa has inherited highly arbitrary political borders that vastly complicate current efforts to accelerate agricultural growth and reduce hunger. Because Africa’s inherited political borders arbitrarily partition agro-ecological zones and natural market sheds, current country borders serve as barriers, hampering agricultural technology transfer, hindering agricultural trade and dampening incentives for farmers and agribusinesses to invest in Africa’s many regional breadbasket zones. Feasible solutions revolve around neutralizing these deleterious effects through regional scientific networks and regional corridor development programs.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Africa; Food Security; Markets; Technology transfer; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Marketing; R12; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97030

A Conjoint Analysis of the U.S. Broiler Complex Location Decision
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harrison,   R. Wes; Sambidi,   Pramod R.
A national survey of broiler industry executives is conducted to analyze site-specific factors related to the broiler-complex location problem.  Conjoint analysis is used to analyze the broiler complex location decision.  Feed costs, community attitude toward the broiler industry, availability of geographically concentrated growers, unemployment rates, and wage rates were found to be the top five factors affecting broiler company location decisions.  The quality of roads between feed mill and growers; electricity, heating, water, and sewage costs; and the number of potential growers in the region were also found to be important.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Broilers; Conjoint analysis; Location; Poultry industry; R12; O18.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43457

The Final Frontier? Border Effects and German Regional Wages
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brakman,   Steven; Garretsen,   Harry; Schramm,   Marc.
Recent studies of border effects have focused on the intra-country and inter-country comparison of trade flows. It is found that borders have a negative impact on the size of cross-border trade. In order to estimate border effects on a regional level one needs not only data on inter-country but also on intra-country trade. For many countries (regional) data on intra-country trade are simply lacking, which makes an analysis of border effects and border regions cumbersome. In this paper we take a different approach to measure the impact of borders. We estimate a market potential function for German regional wages and by analysing whether German border regions can be distinguished from the other regions in terms of their wages. We use a market potential...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic geography; Empirical estimation; Germany; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; R10; R12; R23.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26233

TYPOLOGY OF RURAL AREAS IN THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN EU NEW MEMBER STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baum,   Sabine; Trapp,   Christian; Weingarten,   Peter.
Rural areas in Central and Eastern Europe are very often associated with a backwardness in terms of income and employment opportunities, a high dependency on agriculture, the out-migration of young, skilled people, a low population density and an insufficient infrastructure. In this paper 3 typologies are presented, which show that rural areas cannot be considered homogeneous and not all of them need the same developmental measures. The first typology classified all NUTS-3 regions in the ten Central and Eastern European countries (CEEC-10) by means of cluster analysis according to 7 demographic and socio-economic criteria. The result revealed 5 different types of regions as most adequate: three are largely rural, one includes both rural, and especially...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Rural area; Typology; Central and Eastern Europe; Cluster analysis; Community/Rural/Urban Development; C19; P25; R12.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14906

Decoupled Payments and the Localization of Activities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Daniel,   Karine; Kilkenny,   Maureen.
This article considers the impacts of (de)coupled farm sector support on the locations of farming and agro-industrial activity. An economic geography model is developed which has two types of regions, one with extensive agricultural production (rural), the other with intensive farming that is more densely populated (urban). The farm and agro-industrial sectors are vertically linked. A service sector that is not directly linked to either basic industry is also explicit. We show that coupled and decoupled subsidies affect the spatial distribution of farming, industry, and service sector activity. Support that is provided to all farmers regardless of crop, thus semi-decoupled, increases spatial agglomeration. Support targeted to farmers of particular crops,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Location; Agriculture; Economic geography; Decoupling; Agricultural Finance; R12; R58; Q18.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24942