Consulta: subjectFacets:"Risks"
Registros recuperados: 42
Data/hora: 09/06/2024 01:19:18

GM Foods in the UK between 1996 and 1999: Comments on "Genetically Modified Crops: Risks and Promise" by Gordon Conway
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Krebs, John R; Oxford University; john.krebs@zoo.ox.ac.uk.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: BSE; GM food; Consumer; Genetically modified crops; Risks.
Ano: 2000

Participatory Vulnerability Assessment in the Context of Conservation and Development Projects: A Case Study of Local Communities in Southwest Cameroon
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: van Vliet, Nathalie; Department of Geography and Geology, University of Copenhagen; vanvlietnathalie@yahoo.com.
People living in landscapes of high conservation value are trapped between their dependence on natural resources to meet their development aspirations and the international pressure to conserve those resources. Although it is increasingly recognized that the conservation of some natural resources cannot happen without providing alternative livelihood solutions for local communities dependent on them, global experiences illustrate that the successful integration of conservation and development continues to be elusive.  We adapted the approach  based on &amp;#8220;participatory vulnerability assessments&amp;#8221; developed for climate change research and applied it to changes occurring in a conservation and development context. As a case study, we focused...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Exposure; Integrated conservation and development; Participatory vulnerability assessment; Risks.
Ano: 2010

The shellfish industry in France
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Bonnet, Marc; Troadec, Jean-paul.
Bivalve farming is in France a major economical activity, which development was initiated in the mid of last century. It occupies nowadays 24 000 ha of seabottom, leased from the French State, and production figures are above 100 000 tonnes for cupped oyster and 40 000 tonnes for mussel ; these made a gross value of 1 300 millions francs in 1983. Moreover, it shows potential for promising development, by expanding to new areas, especialy in deep sea, or by introducing new species, such as the short neck clam, which production has just reached significant level (300 T in 1984). Long age and success of this cultivation activity come from the important advantages related to the biology and ecology of bivalves: food naturaly available, and of no use by another...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Research priorities; Contraints; Risks; France; Economic importance; Shellfish industry; Recherches prioritaires; Contrainte; Risques; France; Economie; Conchyliculture.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1985/acte-6223.PDF

Diseases in mollusc hatcheries and their paraedox in health management
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Berthe, Franck.
Global molluscan aquaculture production is continuously increasing, dominated by five species, among which the Pacific cupped oyster, Crassostrea gigas, predominates. Hatchery production is accompanying this increase to assist consistent availability of juveniles for restocking, fishery enhancement, genetic improvements as well as for species diversification. Hatchery development contributes significantly to the demand for international transfers of live molluscs; a consequence of which pathogen transfer via transfer of live molluscs is currently recognised as a major cause of epizootic disease outbreaks. Diseases are a primary constraint to mollusc aquaculture growth and sustainability, severely impacting socioeconomic development in many countries....
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Mollusca; Crassostrea gigas; Risks; Mollusc culture; Husbandry diseases; Hatcheries; Disease control.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2005/acte-3289.pdf

Oceans and Human Health: A Rising Tide of Challenges and Opportunities for Europe
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Fleming, L.e.; Mcdonough, N.; Austen, M.; Mee, L.; Moore, Michael; Hess, Philipp; Depledge, M.h.; White, M.; Philippart, Katja; Bradbrook, P.; Smalley, A.
The European Marine Board recently published a position paper on linking oceans and human health as a strategic research priority for Europe. With this position paper as a reference, the March 2014 Cornwall Oceans and Human Health Workshop brought together key scientists, policy makers, funders, business, and non governmental organisations from Europe and the US to review the recent interdisciplinary and cutting edge research in oceans and human health specifically the growing evidence of the impacts of oceans and seas on human health and wellbeing (and the effects of humans on the oceans). These impacts are a complex mixture of negative influences (e.g. from climate change and extreme weather to harmful algal blooms and chemical pollution) and beneficial...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Harmful algal blooms; Microbial pollution; Anthropogenic chemicals; Marine biotechnology; Climate change; Ocean acidification; Fisheries; Aquaculture; Seafood; Blue carbon; Marine energy; Blue gym; Ocean literacy; Risks; Benefits; EU Policy.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00192/30328/29066.pdf

Evaluación de corvina rubia (Micropogonias furnieri) en el área del Río de la Plata y Zona Común de Pesca argentino-uruguaya por medio de un modelo de dinámica de biomasa
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Carozza, C.R.; Hernandez, D.R.; Perrotta, R.G.
Whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri)has a broad distribution along the Atlantic coast of the Americas, from Mexico to the south of the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. At the southern end of distribution, Argentina and Uruguay catch the species with different commercial fleet types bay or creek, coastal and off-shore and modalities of bottom trawling with doors and paired trawling. Maximum catches of both countries, that reached 60,000 t, were registered between 1995 and 1997. After that period a remarkable decrease was observed, specially in Argentina where catches remained at around 6,000 t over a total of 30,000 t for both countries. The commercial fleet was divided in three categories and the total area of study in three subareas: El Salado,...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Stock assessment; Catch/effort; Risks; Biomass; Depleted stocks; Mathematical models; Coastal fisheries; Commercial fishing; Stock assessment; Biomass; Mathematical models; Coastal fisheries; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24251; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_926; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24199; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1696.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/1503

Análisis de riesgo de inundación por tsunamis en el Golfo de Guayaquil
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Arreaga Vargas, P.; Ortíz, M.
Se simula numéricamente un escenario sísmico-tsunamigénico frente a las costas del Golfo de Guayaquil para evaluar el riesgo de inundación por tsunamis en las zonas costeras bajas al interior del Golfo. La propagación del tsunami al interior del Golfo se simuló empleando la metodología del proyecto TIME (Tsunami Inundation Modeling for Exchange) de la Universidad de Tohoku. Los resultados de la simulación (alturas de inundación) fueron incorporados en los mapas urbanos de las ciudades para desarrollar los mapas de riesgo de inundación (los mapas urbanos no se presentan en este artículo).
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Tsunamis; Earthquakes; Flood forecasting; Risks; Earthquakes; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2440.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/2237

Evaluación pesquera del bacalao austral (Salilota australis) del Atlántico Sudoccidental
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Wöhler, O.C.; Cassia, M.C.; Hansen, J.E.
Information about the austral cod Salilota australis caught in the Patagonian shelf including the area around Malvinas Islands (SW Atlantic)as well as some data from annual research surveys carried out as of 1992 to 1998 were analyzed. On this basis, the fishery was studied and the abundance of the stock inhabiting the area under Argentine control was estimated. To calculate the optimum yield as a function of both age-at-first catch and fishing mortality, the Yield-per-Recruit model was used. Some biological reference points were also identified and an exploitation strategy based on low risk of collapse recommended. Austral cod landings, although small, showed an increasing trend as of 1990 that reached a maximum of 14,900 tons in 1998. Most of the catches...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Stock assessment; Landing statistics; Fishing mortality; Fishing grounds; Risks; Demersal fisheries; Biomass; Stock assessment; Demersal fisheries; Biomass; Fishing grounds; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24251; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2173; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_926; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2947.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/1866

Sobre los conceptos de utilización de biomasa excedentes de merluza de cola Macruronus magellanicus bajo esquemas de administración pesquera basadas en F 0,1, y F 30. RDP.
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Ehrhardt, N.M.; Legault, C.; Prenski, L.B.
In this work we present a process of risk analysis related to the adoption of a Total Allowable Catch (TAC)based in series of allowable biological catches which contain uncertainty derived of the recruitment patterns which characterize the stock. With the information obtained by the F0,1, and F30. RDP, the exploitation ratio and with the 500 values of the projected biomass of 1995 obtained by Monte Carlo simulation, we calculate the distribution of the allowable biological catches under a scheme of F0,1, and F30. RDP andfor a natural mortality of 0.38. The selected TAC is expected to beas closer as possible to the reference fishery mortality F0,1, and F30. RDP. As a result of the present risk analysis in this study in Macruronus magellanicus of the SW...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Fishery management; Risks; Biomass; Statistical analysis; Gadoid fisheries; Fishery management; Biomass; Statistical analysis; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24026; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_926; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7378.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/1936

Análisis de peligros y evaluación de riesgos en productos pesqueros sensíbles comercializados en el Uruguay
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Bertullo, E.
Los productos pesqueros se han catalogado en general como alimentos sensibles desde el punto de vista del riesgo alimentario y dada la aparición de entidades mórbidas de origen pesquero que pueden definirse como “emergentes”, se ha considerado necesaria una actualización de la información científica disponible. Ello abarca los riesgos que para los consumidores nacionales pueden tener potencialmente un grupo de alimentos derivados de animales acuáticos, los cuales luego de acondicionados, elaborados o transformados tecnológicamente, empacados e identificados se vuelcan al mercado como productos pesqueros. Para ello, teniendo en cuenta las directrices en materia de análisis de riesgo y a la información disponible se efectuó este análisis descriptivo de la...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Health and safety; Risks; Processed fishery products.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/1580

Stock assessment of the bluemouth (Helicolenus dactylopterus) in Azorean waters during the 1990-2002 period, applying a biomass dynamic model
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Perrotta, R.G.; Hernandez, D.R.
Bluemouth (Helicolenus dactylopterus), a benthic fish mostly inhabiting at depths between 500 m and 600 m, represents a highly valuable economic resource for local fishermen at the Azores Islands (NE Atlantic). Nominal catches of bluemouth increased from 1990 through 1994, and declined afterwards reaching in 1999 the lowest value recorded. Standardized catch per unit effort (CPUE) was used as an index for stock relative abundance; a General Linear Model, considering several factors that may have affected the fishing efficiency of commercial vessels, was run to obtain this CPUE index. These factors were: fleet type, year, month, and boat size; the last three factors were found to be statistically significant. A discrete version of the Schaefers Biomass...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Stock assessment; Catch/effort; Risks; Mathematical models; Stock assessment; Mathematical models; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24251; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24199.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/1563

Modelo Local de Producción Excedente para la determinación de la Captura Máxima Biológicamente Aceptable y análisis de riesgo de un recurso pesquero, con estimación bayesiana de los parámetros
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Hernández, D.R.; Carozza, C.R.
The simple surplus production model introduced is called Local Surplus Production Model (LSPM) because its only assumption is that the mean surplus production remains constant during a short period of years previous to the date of assessment. Its application requires only a short series (3-4 years) of values of an abundance index proportional to the mean real abundance of the resource. The model parameters estimate is performed in a Bayesian context using the SIR (Sampling Importance Resampling Algorithm) algorithm. Simple risk criteria to assess the Maximum Biologically Acceptable Catch and the risks associated to each hypothetical catch level considered are proposed. Application of the model to the whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) resource is...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Stock assessment; Statistical models; Risks; Coastal fisheries.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/5486

Riesgos ambientales en nuestros lugares de trabajo
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Arreaga Vargas, P.
El presente documento describe de manera general los riesgos ambientales que se pueden producir en nuestros lugares de trabajo, como identificarlos, quienes lo hacen y cuales son los beneficios de conocerlos tanto para nuestras instituciones como para cada uno de nosotros como parte de dicha institución. El documento en si recoge las ideas del Boletín 16 DAPHNIA boletín informativo sobre prevención de la contaminación y producción más limpia, editada por el Departamento Condeferal de Ecología y Medio Ambiente de la Confederación Sindical de Comisiones Obreras (CC.OO).
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Risks; Environmental impact; Locations (working); Environmental impact; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24420.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/2300

Síntesis de las evaluaciones y sugerencias de manejo efectuadas sobre el recurso merluza (Merluccius hubbsi) entre el año 1986 y mayo de 1997.
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Bezzi, S.I.
Hake (Merluccius hubbsi) stock assessments and management recommendations made as of 1986 for the Argentine Sea, are summarized. The surplus production models used allowed to diagnose an overdimensioned fleet and to establish that, as of 1983, population densities were lower than the optimum values. In 1990 it was mentioned that total landings exceeded the Maximum Sustainable Yield and that the fishing effort was above the optimum exploitation level. The Virtual Population Analysis was first applied in 1993 and, for the 1986-1991 period, a 25. increase in fishing mortality, significant reductions of total and reproductive biomasses and a first catch length of 25 cm were detected. Besides, proposals were made to enhance accuracy of future assessments. In...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Stock assessment; Fishery management; Yield; Overfishing; Risks; Stock assessment; Fishery management; Overfishing; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24251; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24026; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34068.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/2533

Evaluación de merluza de cola (Macruronus magellanicus) en el Atlántico Sudoccidental. Período 1985-2001
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Wöhler, O.C.; Hansen, J.E.; Giussi, A.R.; Cordo, H.D.
Period 1985-2001. A stock assessment of Patagonian hoki of the Southwest Atlantic was carried out by using data from the years 1985-2001. A cohort analysis, fitted with some survey abundance indices was used in an adaptive conceptual framework. Simulation trials were performed to project the evolution of the fishery, to evaluate the risk of over-fish the stock under different exploitation levels, and to estimate Biologically Acceptable Catches (BAC). Both total biomass and spawning stock biomass showed increasing trends resulting from four strong year classes (1993, 1995, 1996 and 1998). Total biomass at the beginning of 2001 was estimated to be 2.5 million tons, and spawning stock biomass at the spawning time (August) was estimated to be around 1.28...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Stock assessment; Fishery management; Biomass; Risks; Demersal fisheries; Stock assessment; Fishery management; Biomass; Demersal fisheries; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24251; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24026; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_926; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2173.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/2525

Evaluación del recurso abadejo y recomendaciones sobre su explotación a partir del año 2002
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Cordo, H.D.
Ling (Genypterus blacodes) resource was assessed by means of an age structured production model fitted with stock abundance indices from catch per unit effort data (CPUE) obtained from the commercial fishing fleet. Reproductive stock was assessed in the same way with CPUE data from the fishery research vessel. A short-term analysis of collapse risk as a function of 1999 and 2000 fishing mortalities was carried out with the results, and also a long-term analysis with the assumption of a variable fishing mortality (F) with two recruitment hypotheses. Results show that the present state of the Ling resource has worsened with respect to the last assessment. Considering the best of all cases, the Br/Kr relationship decreased from 0.55 to 0.33, indicating that...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Stock assessment; Catch/effort; Fishery management; Risks; Gadoid fisheries; Commercial fishing; Stock assessment; Fishery management; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24251; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24026.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/2518

Variación de lipoproteínas con cambios de temperatura en un grupo poblacional
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Andrade, P.; Aguirre, F.
La variación interindividual de los niveles de lípidos en el transcurso de la vida del hombre, producto de disbalance entre el ingreso y eliminación de estos elementos contenidos en las dietas, han determinado que las enfermedades cardiovascular ocupen los primeros sitiales como causa de muerte a nivel mundial, sumados a otros factores de riesgo como el tabaquismo, alcoholismo y vida sedentaria. La demostración más conveniente ha sido, a facilidad de causar arterioesclerosis en las especies animales suministrando dietas ricas en grasas saturadas; igualmente la microscopía electrónica ha demostrado la presencia de vacuolas lipídicas en cortes de arterias coronarias en niños de corta edad. Se estudió en un grupo poblacional considerado sano, la variación del...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Lipoproteins; Chemical analysis; Air temperature; Risks; Lipoproteins; Air temperature; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4367; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_230.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3848

AZ ÖKOMARKETING GYAKORLATI MEGVALÓSULÁSA AZ ÉLELMISZER-GAZDASÁGBAN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Szolnoki Gyozone Karkus,   Maria.
Az Európai Unióba való belépésünkkel a környezetvédelem, a fenntartható fejlődés minden területen nagyobb hangsúlyt kap. Különösen igaz ez az élelmi-szer-gazdaságra. Azok a kutatások is felértékelődhetnek ennek tükrében, ame-lyek a környezet-gazdaságtan különböző területein folynak. A szerző évek óta foglalkozik az ökomarketing elméleti és módszertani kérdéseivel, kutatásának eredményeit kétrészes tanulmányban adja közre.  A tanulmány első részében arra vállalkozott, hogy a nemzetközi szakiroda-lom alapján bemutassa az ökomarketing kutatás főbb állomásait, új irányzatait. A szerző tanulmánya két célt tűzött maga elé. Először azt kívánja bizonyítani, hogy az élelmiszer-gazdaság mind inputjai, mind outputjai oldaláról tekintve környezeti szempontból...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Fenntartható marketing; Élelmiszer-gazdaság; Környezetbarát gazdálkodás; Kockázat; Jövedelemtermelő-képesség - sustainable marketing; Food economy; Environmentally friend farming; Risks; Income producing capability; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Marketing.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54333

AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY: FARM-LEVEL, MARKET, AND POLICY CONSIDERATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Van der Sluis,   Evert; Diersen,   Matthew A.; Dobbs,   Thomas L.
This study provides an overview of the economic costs, benefits, and risks involved with agricultural biotechnology at the farm level, at the market level, and for the farm and food system as a whole. Both advantages and disadvantages of agricultural biotechnology are discussed. Among the drivers of U.S. domestic and international consumer demand for transgenic crop products discussed are environmental and food safety concerns. A comparison is made between a "science-based" regulatory framework and a policy based on the precautionary principle. The authors argue that open dialogue is needed for achieving improved public understanding of agricultural biotechnology, and that analyses need to go beyond discussing the scientific merits of biotechnology, to...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Acceptance; Agricultural biotechnology; Benefits; Costs; Public dialogue; Risks; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14654

PROCUREMENT RISKS AND STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE QUALITY CONSISTENCY IN WHEAT SHIPMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Consistency of functional characteristics in wheat is a concern confronting buyers and sellers.  This research analyzes the cost and risk of different procurement strategies for importers.  A stochastic simulation model is used to determine the  probability of a functional characteristic being satisfied subject to quality targets and costs for alternative purchase strategies (purchase by protein only, variety, location, variety by location, or functional tests).  Joint probabilities of meeting specifications and costs were determined for the alternative purchase strategies.  Stochastic dominance was used to determine which purchase strategies dominate others, and stochastic efficiency was utilized to determine the degree of preference.  Results indicate...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Buying Strategies; Location; Variety; Functional Characteristic Tests; Costs; Risks; Simulation; Stochastic Dominance; Crop Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23498

AZ ÖKOMARKETING GYAKORLATI MEGVALÓSULÁSA AZ ÉLELMISZER-GAZDASÁGBAN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Szolnoki Gyozone Karkus,   Maria.
Az Európai Unióba való belépésünkkel a környezetvédelem, a fenntartható fejlődés minden területen nagyobb hangsúlyt kap. Különösen igaz ez az élelmi-szer-gazdaságra. Azok a kutatások is felértékelődhetnek ennek tükrében, amelyek a környezet-gazdaságtan különböző területein folynak. A szerző évek óta foglalkozik az ökomarketing elméleti és módszertani kérdéseivel, kutatásának eredményeit kétrészes tanulmányban adja közre.  A tanulmány első részében arra vállalkozott, hogy a nemzetközi szakirodalom alapján bemutassa az ökomarketing kutatás főbb állomásait, új irányzatait. A szerző tanulmánya két célt tűzött maga elé. Először azt kívánja bizonyítani, hogy az élelmiszer-gazdaság mind inputjai, mind outputjai oldaláról tekintve környezeti szempontból...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Fenntartható marketing; Élelmiszer-gazdaság; Környezetbarát gazdálkodás; Kockázat; Jövedelemtermelőképesség; Sustainable marketing; Food economy; Environmentally friend farming; Risks; Income producing capability; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54416

Pesticides:  Health impacts and alternatives.  Proceedings of a workshop held in Colombo, 24 January 2002
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Pest control; Pesticide residues; Public health; Legislation; Policy; Social aspects; Risks; Health Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92700

Kecsketartó gazdaság vizsgálata
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nemeth,   Szabina; Gulyas,   Laszlo; Salamon,   Lajos.
A Dunaszigeten 300 anyával működő gazdaság eredményességében kulcskérdés a termelési költségek csökkentése, mindenekelőtt a takarmányozás, az egyéb (áram, tejvizsgálat, bérleti díjak stb.), valamint a munkabérköltségek mérséklése. A bevételi oldalon növekvő jelentőségű – a kecsketej- és gidaértékesítés mellett – egyre nagyobb arányban a sajtértékesítés. A jövőt illetően a kockázati tényezők és a fejlesztési lehetőségek számbavétele, a helyi lehetőségek hasznosítása, s az egészségre kedvező hatású tej és sajt megismertetése a meghatározó.             ------------------------------------         The success of the farm using 300 mother goats depended on the reduction of production costs including especially that of fodder and others (electricity, milk...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Kecske; Termékek; Kockázatok; Fejlesztések; Goat; Products; Risks; Developments; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92416

Contract Grazing on Winter Annuals: Risks and Returns for Cattle Owners
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anand,   Manik; Duffy,   Patricia A.; Bergtold,   Jason S.; Bransby,   David; Shoemaker,   Carla.
Critical factors affecting risk and profitability for cattle owners under contract grazing include cattle weight at purchase and time spent on pasture and feedlot.  Buying lighter animals and placing them in pastures before sending them to feedlot is the most profitable as well as least risky option. Even in the least risky scenario, the cattle owner would still incur losses 28% of the times. The results also show a possibility that at contract-grazing rates of $0.41 per pound of gain or more, the cattle owner would place cattle directly on the feedlot, bypassing the pasture.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contract grazing; Risks; Returns; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98752

Urban wastewater:  A valuable resource for agriculture - A case study from Haroonabad, Pakistan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van der Hoek,   Wim; Ul Hassan,   Mehmood; Ensink,   Jeroen H.J.; Feenstra,   Sabiena; Raschid-Sally,   Liqa; Munir,   Sarfraz; Aslam,   Rizwan; Ali,   Nazim; Hussain,   Raheela; Matsuno,   Yutaka.
Farming communities in water-scarce regions increasingly practice the use of urban wastewater in agriculture. Untreated urban wastewater is generally considered unacceptable for direct use because of potential health risks. However, in many parts of the world, poor farmers in peri-urban areas use untreated wastewater. This situation is considered likely to continue even in the foreseeable future due to the high investment cost associated with the installation of treatment facilities.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Waste waters; Irrigation water; Water reuse; Economic analysis; Soil properties; Households; Water availability; Water use; Water quality; Groundwater; Public health; Risks; Case studies; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44566

Consumption Growth and Agricultural Shocks in Rural Madagascar
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thomas,   A.-C.; Gubert,   F.; Frahan,   Bruno Henry de.
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of rainfall and agricultural shocks on consumption growth in Madagascar. We are also interested in the impact of local endowments in infrastructures and social services on consumption growth. To achieve this goal, a micro model of household consumption growth is estimated thanks to household panel data collected by the Reseau des Observatoires Ruraux (ROR) between 1999 and 2004. Additional data sources include the 2001 communes census organized by the Ilo program of Cornell University. Altogether these different data sources make an unusually rich data set, at least when considered with developing country standards. We use panel data fixed effect estimation technique to remove unobserved household and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Risks; Growth; Poverty; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43610

Choice of Economic Strategies by Food Complex Enterprises in Conditions of Market Uncertainties
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yermolova,   Olga; Kireyeva,   Natalia; Fisenko,   Natalja.
The paper presents the results of the sociological survey and expertise describing the factors of risk reduction and increase of the level of trust in contract relations in food networks. The level of contract discipline is analyzed. It is shown that the insufficient rate of development of the institution of trust restricts the liberty of action for companies operating in a food network, deprives them of the opportunity to achieve the local optima and provides no grounds for setting their economic behavior sure-footed standards.   Following the sociological survey the dynamics and structure of the transaction costs in food networks are displayed along with the specific features of their accounting in the company’s operations.   An expertise of the most...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food complex; Economic strategies; Risks; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7743

Estimating Farm Level Multivariate Yield Distribution Using Nonparametric Methods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zheng,   Qiujie; Wang,   H. Holly; Shi,   Qinghua.
Modeling crop yield distributions has been an important topic in agricultural production and risk analysis, and nonparametric methods have gained attention for their flexibility in describing the shapes of yield density functions. In this article, we apply a nonparametric method to model joint yield distributions based on farm-level data for multiple crops, and also provide a way of simulation for univariate and bivariate distributions. The results show that the nonparametric models, both univariate and bivariate, are estimated quite well compared to the original samples, and the simulated empirical distributions also preserve the attributes of the original samples at a reasonable level. This article provides a feasible way of using multivariate...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Yield distribution; Multi-variate nonparametric; China; Farm-level; Risks; Farm Management; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6509

Determinants of Household Poverty Dynamics in Rural Regions of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baiyegunhi,   L.J.S.; Fraser,   Gavin C.G.
Poverty has always been studied in a world of certainty. However, if the aim of studying poverty is not only improving the well-being of households who are currently poor, but also preventing people from becoming poor in the future, a new forward looking perspective must be adopted. For thinking about appropriate forward-looking anti-poverty interventions (i.e. interventions that aim to prevent or reduce future poverty rather than alleviate current poverty), the critical need then is to go beyond a cataloging of who is currently poor and who is not, to an assessment of households’ vulnerability to poverty. This study analyses a panel dataset on a representative sample of 150 rural households interviewed in 2007 and 2008 in the Amathole District...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Vulnerability; Poverty dynamics; Risks; Rural households; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97078

Mapping drought patterns and impacts: a global perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eriyagama,   Nishadi; Smakhtin,   Vladimir U.; Gamage,   Nilantha.
The study examines the global pattern and impacts of droughts through mapping several drought-related characteristics - either at a country level or at regular grid scales. It appears that arid and semi-arid areas also tend to have a higher probability of drought occurrence. It is illustrated that the African continent is lagging behind the rest of the world on many indicators related to drought-preparedness and that agricultural economies, overall, are much more vulnerable to adverse societal impacts of meteorological droughts. The study also examines the ability of various countries to satisfy their water needs during droughts using storage-related indices.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Drought; Impact assessment; Indicators; Hydrology; Mapping; Climate change; River basins; Dams; Water scarcity; Disasters; Risks; Precipitation; Runoff; Soil degradation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57027

Modelling Risks in the Salmon Industry and Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Asheim,   Leif Jarle; Lien,   Gudbrand D.; Richardson,   James W.; Tveteras,   Ragnar; Veggeland,   Frode.
The paper proposes developing a trade model for salmon to assist in discussions and negotiations of current international salmon trade issues and major risk problems facing the salmon industry.  Two modeling approaches are discussed: 1) developing a traditional equilibrium trade programming model designed to maximize total welfare across all model regions by solving for a medium-term price that balances the amount of salmon supplied by the world region to the among processed and consumed by this region; and 2) developing an econometric stochastic simulation model based on linear or non-linear equations.  Some disadvantages and weaknesses of the programming model are discussed, whereas the econometric model needs further exploration and consideration.  The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Risks; Salmon; Programming model; Econometric model; International trade; Livestock Production/Industries; C60; C50.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56000

Research on Risks and Forecasting Countermeasures of Hainan Banana Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Yan-qun; Zeng,   Xiao-hong; Fang,   Jia.
Based on the overviews of the current conditions of Hainan banana industry, the research makes an analysis of the risks faced by Hainan banana industry. They are respectively marketing risks, natural risks, information risks and production risks. In order to promote a sustainable and rapid development of Hainan banana industry, Countermeasures are proposed in the research. The first is to strengthen the leading organization of forecasting mechanisms on banana industry. The second is to establish the forecasting mechanisms on banana industry, including four aspects. They are establishing the subordinate forecasting systems on Hainan banana industry; constructing information collecting and checking mechanisms of banana industry; establishing information...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Banana; Risks; Forecasting; Hainan province; China; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113481

Procurement Strategies to Improve Quality Consistency in Wheat Shipments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Consistency of functional characteristics in wheat is a concern confronting buyers and sellers. This research analyzes the cost and risk of different procurement strategies for importers. A stochastic simulation model is used to determine the probability of functional characteristics being satisfied subject to quality targets and costs for alternative purchase strategies. Stochastic efficiency was employed to identify purchase strategies that dominate others and to determine the extent of preference. As more specific characteristics are incorporated into a contract, results indicate that the probabilities of meeting end-use requirements increase
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Buying strategies; Costs; Functional characteristic tests; Location; Risks; Simulation; Stochastic efficiency; Variety; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36708

PROCUREMENT STRATEGIES TO MEET FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS IN WHEAT SHIPMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Peterson,   Del A.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Consistency of functional characteristics in wheat is a concern confronting buyers and sellers.  This research analyzes the cost and risk of different procurement strategies for importers.  A stochastic simulation model is used to determine the probability of a functional characteristic being satisfied subject to quality targets.  Joint probabilities of meeting specifications and costs were determined for alternative functional characteristics.  Results indicate that, as more specific characteristics are incorporated into a contract, the probabilities of meeting end-use requirements increase.  Specific characteristics come with a higher cost, due to increased testing costs related to identity preservation.  The results are summarized as cost/risk tradeoffs...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Buying strategies; Location; Variety; Functional characteristic tests; Costs; Risks; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23509

Financial Innovation and Financial Fragility
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gennaioli,   Nicola; Shleifer,   Andrei; Vishny,   Robert.
We present a standard model of financial innovation, in which intermediaries engineer securities with cash flows that investors seek, but modify two assumptions. First, investors (and possibly intermediaries) neglect certain unlikely risks. Second, investors demand securities with safe cash flows. Financial intermediaries cater to these preferences and beliefs by engineering securities perceived to be safe but exposed to neglected risks. Because the risks are neglected, security issuance is excessive. As investors eventually recognize these risks, they fly back to safety of traditional securities and markets become fragile, even without leverage, precisely because the volume of new claims is excessive. Financial innovation can make both investors and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Financial Innovation; Financial Fragility; Securities; Risks; Financial Economics; G; G11; G15; G2.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96496

O IMPACTO DA VOLATILIDADE NOS PREÇOS RECEBIDOS PELOS PRODUTORES DO CAFÉ NO MERCADO INTERNACIONAL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Amin,   Mario Miguel; Monte,   Leila Fatima; Correia,   Alessandro De Castro; Santos,   Danielle Cristina Gonzaga Dos.
A análise da volatilidade nos preços recebidos pelos produtores do café no mercado internacional demonstrou a instabilidade na renda dos produtores no Brasil, Índia, Colômbia, México e Etiópia. Esta instabilidade, decorrente da persistência e do agrupamento da volatilidade foi observada através da mensuração empírica dos modelos econométricos GARCH. O teste ARCH caracterizou todas as séries de preços do café como heteroscedástica, ou seja, os retornos do café apresentaram sinais de autocorrelação, que em termos econômicos significa acentuadas flutuações dos preços em torno da média. A análise empírica dos modelos GARCH (1,1) e EGARCH (1,1) mostrou para a série de retornos do café no Brasil e Etiópia a existência da persistência e assimetria da...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Volatilidade; Café; Renda do produtor; Mercado; Riscos; Volatility; Coffee; Income the producer; Market; Risks; Crop Production/Industries; International Development.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112834

Az élelmiszer-biztonság szabályozásának közgazdasági vetületei
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Podruzsik,   Szilard; Kasza,   Gyula.
Az élelmiszer-biztonság olyan speciális terület, ahol a kiadások hasznosulását a jellemző kockázatok előfordulási gyakoriságain és ezek okozott hatásain lehet mérni, azonban a hatások – különösen azok egy részének látens jellege miatt – rendkívül nehezen becsülhetők. A látens rész pontosabb meghatározásához fogyasztói elemzések szükségesek. Az élelmiszer-biztonság gazdasági vetületének vizsgálatánál a jóléti közgazdaságtan és a humántőke-modell játszhat szerepet. Ezek közül a nemzetközi gyakorlat a könnyebb kvantifikálhatóság miatt elsősorban a humántőkemodellt alkalmazza. Az élelmiszer-biztonsági okokra visszavezethető megbetegedések gazdasági hatásait a háztartások, a vállalatok és az állam (ezen belül is kiemelten az ellátórendszerek) szintjén indokolt...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Élelmiszer-biztonság; Kockázat; Tökéletlen piacok; Food safety; Risks; Imperfect markets; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57724

Strategic Interactions, Risks and Coordination Costs in Food Marketing Channels: The Mediating Role of Futures Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kuwornu,   John K.M.; Kuiper,   W. Erno; Pennings,   Joost M.E.; Meulenberg,   Matthew T.G.
We examine the interaction of marketing channel members and the influence of these interactions on incentives, coordination costs, and risk allocation strategies in a food marketing channel. For this purpose we specify a three-stage principal-agent marketing channel model involving producers, wholesalers, retailers and a futures market. We compare the situation with and without futures market. The empirical results regarding the Dutch ware potato marketing channel during 1971-2003 reveals that, possibly as a result of increases in incentives to producers and wholesalers, the coordination costs of the marketing channel decreased significantly, both with and without futures trade. The coordination costs of a marketing channel with a futures market are lower...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contracts; Risks; Coordination Costs; Futures Markets; Food Marketing Channels; Agribusiness; Marketing.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7740

Agent Behavior under Risky and Uncertain Conditions. An Empirical Verification of Irving Fisher’s Notion of Time Preference
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Balgah,   Roland Azibo; Buchenrieder,   Gertrud.
Irving Fisher's theory on time preference in the 1930s arguably influenced the analysis of agents' current behavior with respect to future outcomes. By suggesting linear discount rates implying rational and self-interested motives of agents, Fisher substantiated neoclassical economic thinking. However, Fisher's notion of time preference, the choice between present and future enjoyment that actually integrates a psychological discounting component has not received similar attention in the scholarly literature. This paper aims at closing this gap. It empirically examines agent behavior under uncertain conditions culminating from natural shocks, and differentiates the psychic from the physical component. To empirically test Fisher's notion of time preference,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Risks; Uncertainty; Agent behavior; Fisher; Time preference; Cameroon; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114214

VIABILIDADE FINANCEIRA NA INTERNALIZAÇÃO DA PRODUÇÃO DE RAÇÃO NA SUINOCULTURA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bispo,   Oscar Neto De Almeida; Ferreira,   Marco Aurelio Marques; Abrantes,   Luiz Antonio.
Utilizando-se a avaliação de viabilidade financeira, associada às técnicas de análise de risco, este estudo investigou os benefícios e a atratividade da internalização da fabricação de ração na suinocultura, considerando os quesitos atratividade financeira e custos de transação. No cenário determinístico a internalizacão apresentou viabilidade, porém, à luz da teoria de riscos essa viabilidade foi questionada. Isso porque a internalização que gera benefícios rentáveis, traz consigo a incorporação de riscos que antes eram do produtor de ração e não do suinocultor. O estudo demonstrou que, ainda que existam riscos, os possíveis custos gerados pelos ativos específicos podem ser diluídos através do horizonte de tempo do projeto de investimento, visto que as...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Investimento; Agronegócios; Risco; Custos de transação; Suinocultura; Investment; Agrobusiness; Risks; Transaction costs; Swine confinement; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112723

Transfer of toxic substances from feed to food
Provedor de dados: 96
Autores: Kan,Cornelis Adriaan.
The title may raise questions about definitions of the terms used. The more obvious ones are: 1) What is transfer? 2) How to define toxic; and 3) How to define feed or food. A more underlying question is how to measure the substances we are interested in. The (often) chemical methods used, are not always sensitive or specific enough. Sometimes, biologically based methods are used which detect a biological response, but seldom identify the compound responsible for that. Transfer is often not quantified in absolute terms but expressed in concentrations in feed and food. Mass balance between intake and excretion are quite rare as a steady state situation of residues in the animal is sometimes not obtained. Toxicity is mostly dependent on the concentration of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Carry-over; Feed; Food; Risks; Toxic substances; Transfer.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982009001300042

Prevalence, susceptibility profile for fluconazole and risk factors for candidemia in a tertiary care hospital in southern Brazil
Provedor de dados: 55
Autores: Aquino,Valério Rodrigues; Lunardi,Luciano W.; Goldani,Luciano Zubaran; Barth,Afonso Luis.
Bloodstream infections caused by yeast, Candida spp, are quite important clinically and epidemiologically due to a high mortality rate and an increasing number of non-albicans species with a more resistant (differentiated susceptibility) profile. We examined species prevalence and susceptibility profile for fluconazole and the risk for nosocomial infections by Candida spp at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, a general tertiary care hospital in southern Brazilian, through a retrospective study, beginning with positive cultures of hospitalized patients. The distribution by species in 131 documented episodes was as follows: Candida albicans (45%), C. parapsilosis (24.4%), C. tropicalis (15.3%), C. glabrata (6.9%), C. krusei (4.6%) and 3.8% other...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Fluconazole; Candidemia; Risks; Southern Brazil.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702005000500009