Consulta: subjectFacets:"Urbanization"
Registros recuperados: 61
Data/hora: 09/06/2024 01:22:01

Responses of Emergent Marsh Wetlands in Upstate New York to Variations in Urban Typology
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Kleppel, G. S.; Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY; gkleppel@csc.albany.edu; Madewell, Shirley A; Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY; madewell@mail.com; Hazzard, Sarah E; Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY; hazzads@ecostudies.org.
Although it has been repeatedly demonstrated that urbanization has negative environmental consequences, the conversion of land to urban use is increasing worldwide and is not likely to abate. We tested the hypothesis that different urban typologies, i.e., distributions of human population and infrastructure, differentially influence the water quality and ecological functionality of emergent marsh wetlands in New York State's Hudson River Valley. Wetlands were studied in two watersheds, defined as landscapes bounded by ridge lines, containing traditional small-town development and two watersheds containing suburban typologies. Land cover attributes were evaluated by analyzing ground-truthed, orthophotoquad data with a GIS. Water quality, the cover and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Hudson River Valley; New York State; Buffers; Land use; Small towns; Suburbs; Trophic transfer efficiency; Urban typology; Urbanization; Water quality; Watershed; Wetlands.
Ano: 2004

Synthesis of the Storylines
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Cork, Steven J; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems and Land &amp; Water Australia; stevecork@grapevine.net.au; Peterson, Garry D; Department of Geography &amp; McGill School of the Environment, McGill University; garry.peterson@mcgill.ca; Bennett, Elena M; Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison; elena.bennett@mcgill.ca; Zurek, Monika; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO); monika.zurek@fao.org.
This paper outlines the qualitative components (the storylines) of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) scenarios. Drawing on a mixture of expert knowledge, experience, and published literature, we have explored plausible consequences of four trajectories for human development. The storylines have been designed to draw out both benefits and risks for ecosystems and human well-being in all four trajectories with enough richness of detail to allow readers to immerse themselves in the world of the scenario. Only a summarized version of the storylines is presented here; readers are encouraged to read the more detailed versions (MA 2005). Together with the quantitative models (Alcamo et al. 2005) the storylines provide a base from which others can consider...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Economic development; Ecosystem services; Environmental management; Environmental technology; Futures; Poverty reduction; Regime shifts; Resilience; Scenarios; Urbanization.
Ano: 2006

Landscape Change in the Southern Piedmont: Challenges, Solutions, and Uncertainty Across Scales
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Conroy, Michael J; USGS Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; conroy@forestry.uga.edu; Allen, Craig; University of Nebraska; allencr@unl.edu; Peterson, James T; USGS Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit;; Pritchard, Lowell, Jr.; Emory University; lpritc2@emory.edu; Moore, Clinton T; ;.
The southern Piedmont of the southeastern United States epitomizes the complex and seemingly intractable problems and hard decisions that result from uncontrolled urban and suburban sprawl. Here we consider three recurrent themes in complicated problems involving complex systems: (1) scale dependencies and cross-scale, often nonlinear relationships;     (2) resilience, in particular the potential for complex systems to move to alternate stable states with decreased ecological and/or economic value; and (3) uncertainty in the ability to understand and predict outcomes, perhaps particularly those that occur as a result of human impacts. We consider these issues in the context of landscape-level decision making, using as an example water resources and lotic...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Piedmont; Adaptive management; Land use; Model; Resilience; Scale; Sprawl; Uncertainty; Urbanization; Water resources.
Ano: 2003

Elevated Levels of Herbivory in Urban Landscapes: Are Declines in Tree Health More Than an Edge Effect?
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Christie, Fiona J; University of Sydney; christie@bio.usyd.edu.au; Hochuli, Dieter F; University of Sydney; dieter@bio.usyd.edu.au.
Urbanization is one of the most extreme and rapidly growing anthropogenic pressures on the natural world. Urban development has led to substantial fragmentation of areas of natural habitat, resulting in significant impacts on biodiversity and disruptions to ecological processes. We investigated the levels of leaf damage caused by invertebrates in a dominant canopy species in urban remnants in a highly fragmented urban landscape in Sydney, Australia, by assessing the frequency and extent of chewing and surface damage of leaves in urban remnants compared to the edges and interiors of continuous areas of vegetation. Although no difference was detected in the frequency of leaves showing signs of damage at small, edge, and interior sites, small sites suffered...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Urban landscapes; Herbivory; Invertebrates; Urbanization; Remnant vegetation; Fragmentation; Leaf damage; Australia.
Ano: 2005

The Effects of Urban Sprawl on Birds at Multiple Levels of Biological Organization
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Blair, Robert; University of Minnesota; blairrb@umn.edu.
Urban sprawl affects the environment in myriad ways and at multiple levels of biological organization. In this paper I explore the effects of sprawl on native bird communities by comparing the occurrence of birds along gradients of urban land use in southwestern Ohio and northern California and by examining patterns at the individual, species, community, landscape, and continental levels. I do this by assessing the distribution and abundance of all bird species occupying sites of differing land-use intensity in Ohio and California. Additionally, I conducted predation experiments using artificial nests, tracked the nest fate of American Robins and Northern Cardinals, and assessed land cover in these sites. At the individual level, predation on artificial...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Avian community; California; Cardinalis cardinalis; Extinction; Faunal homogenization; Invasion; Landscape heterogeneity; Nesting success; Ohio; Predation; Turdus migratorius; Urbanization.
Ano: 2004

Biodiversity, Urban Areas, and Agriculture: Locating Priority Ecoregions for Conservation
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Ricketts, Taylor; World Wildlife Fund; taylor.ricketts@wwfus.org; Imhoff, Marc; NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center; mimhoff@LTPmail.gsfc.nasa.gov.
Urbanization and agriculture are two of the most important threats to biodiversity worldwide. The intensities of these land-use phenomena, however, as well as levels of biodiversity itself, differ widely among regions. Thus, there is a need to develop a quick but rigorous method of identifying where high levels of human threats and biodiversity coincide. These areas are clear priorities for biodiversity conservation. In this study, we combine distribution data for eight major plant and animal taxa (comprising over 20,000 species) with remotely sensed measures of urban and agricultural land use to assess conservation priorities among 76 terrestrial ecoregions in North America. We combine the species data into overall indices of richness and endemism. We...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: North America; Agriculture; Biodiversity; Conservation; Conservation priorities; Ecoregions; Endemism; Human land use; Species richness; Threats to biodiversity; Urbanization.
Ano: 2003

Development of a Compendium of Local, Wild-Harvested Species Used in the Informal Economy Trade, Cape Town, South Africa
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Petersen, L. M.; University of Queensland, Australia; Sustainable Livelihoods Foundation, South Africa; Leif.petersen@livelihoods.org.za; Moll, E. J.; Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, South Africa;; Collins, R.; School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia;; Hockings, Marc T.; Department of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, Australia; m.hockings@uq.edu.au.
Wild harvesting has taken place over millennia in Africa. However urbanization and cash economies have effectively altered harvesting from being cultural, traditional, and subsistence activities that are part of a rural norm, to being a subculture of commonly illicit activities located primarily within the urban, cash-based, informal economy. This paper focuses on Cape Town, South Africa where high levels of poverty and extensive population growth have led to a rapidly growing informal industry based on the cultural, subsistence, and entrepreneurial harvesting and consumption of products obtained from the local natural environment.  Through a process of literature reviews, database analysis, and key informant interviews, a compendium of harvested species...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Cape Town  South Africa; Cash-based economy; Compendium; Conservation; Illicit harvesting; Informal economy; Urbanization; Wild harvesting; Wild harvest trade.
Ano: 2012

A Peri-Urban Neotropical Forest Transition and its Consequences for Environmental Services
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Exotic species invasion; Forest transition; GIS; Land-use change; Subtropical Argentina; Urbanization; Watershed conservation; Yungas.
Ano: 2008

A mixed-methods analysis of social-ecological feedbacks between urbanization and forest persistence
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: BenDor, Todd; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; bendor@unc.edu; Shoemaker, Douglas A.; North Carolina State University; douglas.shoemaker@gmail.com; Thill, Jean-Claude; University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Jean-Claude.Thill@uncc.edu; Dorning, Monica A.; North Carolina State University; madorning@gmail.com; Meentemeyer, Ross K.; North Carolina State University; ross_meentemeyer@ncsu.edu.
We examined how social-ecological factors in the land-change decision-making process influenced neighboring decisions and trajectories of alternative landscape ecologies. We decomposed individual landowner decisions to conserve or develop forests in the rapidly growing Charlotte, North Carolina, U.S. region, exposing and quantifying the effects of forest quality, and social and cultural dynamics. We tested the hypothesis that the intrinsic value of forest resources, e.g., cultural attachment to land, influence woodland owners&amp;#8217; propensity to sell. Data were collected from a sample of urban, nonindustrial private forest (U-NIPF) owners using an individualized survey design that spatially matched land-owner responses to the ecological and timber...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Forest persistence; Land-use change; Social-ecological feedbacks; Tax policy; Urban forests; Urbanization.
Ano: 2014

Fast and furious: a look at the death of animals on the highway MS-080, Southwestern Brazil
Provedor de dados: Iheringia Série Zoologia
Autores: Carvalho,Naira C. de; Bordignon,Marcelo O.; Shapiro,Julie T.
Several factors, such as hunting and the pet trade, are responsible for the worldwide decline of wildlife populations. In addition, fatal collisions with vehicles on highways have also taken one of the largest tolls. This study aimed to quantify the richness and abundance of vertebrate roadkill along highway MS-080 in Mato Grosso do Sul, Central-West Brazil. We compare the amount of roadkill to the distance between cities, moon phases and the flow of vehicles on the highway. Samples were collected weekly between March and September 2011, totaling 257 individuals, belonging to 32 families and 52 species, resulting in an index of 0.13 individuals hit/km. Birds were the most frequently hit taxa, followed by mammals. The most affected species was Cariama...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Roads; Roadkill; Urbanization; Habitat fragmentation.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0073-47212014000100006

Helminths of introduced house sparrows (Passer domesticus) in Brazil: does population age affect parasite richness?
Provedor de dados: Iheringia Série Zoologia
Autores: Calegaro-Marques,Cláudia; Amato,Suzana B.
Species introductions have altered host and parasite diversity throughout the world. In the case of introduced hosts, population age appears to be a good predictor of parasite richness. Habitat alteration is another variable that may impact host-parasite interactions by affecting the availability of intermediate hosts. The house sparrow (Passer domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758)) is a good model to test these predictions. It was introduced in several parts of the world and can be found across rural-urban gradients. A total of 160 house sparrows from Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were necropsied. Thirty house sparrows (19 %) were parasitized with at least one out of five helminth species (Digenea: Tamerlania inopina Freitas, 1951 and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Aves; Passeridae; Urbanization; Host sex; Host age.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0073-47212010000100010

Occurrence of Hirudinea species in a post urban reach of a Patagonian mountain stream
Provedor de dados: Iheringia Série Zoologia
Autores: Miserendino,M. Laura; Gullo,Bettina S.
Temporal (May 2005 to February 2006) and habitat distribution (pools and riffles) of Hirudinea species was analyzed at a post urban reach from Esquel stream (Chubut province, Patagonia, Argentina). Site was located 5.7 km downstream a Waste Treatment Plant. Mean values of nutrients: ammonia, nitrates and soluble reactive phosphate, as well water conductivity, turbidity and total suspended solids indicated physical and organic pollution. Leeches assemblage was composed by the glossiphonids: Helobdella scutifera Blanchard, 1900, H. michaelseni (Blanchard, 1900), H. simplex (Moore, 1911), Helobdella sp., H. hyalina Ringuelet, 1942, H. obscura Ringuelet, 1942 and the semiscolecid Patagoniobdella variabilis (Blanchard, 1900). From these H. hyalina and H....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Leeches; Assemblages; Streams; Urbanization; Organic pollution.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0073-47212014000300006

A World for Reactive Phenotypes
Provedor de dados: Institutional Archive of Ifreme (ArchiMer)
Autores: Geoffroy, Benjamain; Alfonso, Sebastien; Sadoul, Bastien; Blumstein, Daniel T.
Humans currently occupy all continents and by doing so, modify the environment and create novel threats to many species; a phenomenon known as human-induced rapid environmental changes (HIREC). These growing anthropogenic disturbances represent major and relatively new environmental challenges for many animals, and invariably alter selection on traits adapted to previous environments. Those species that survive often have moved from their original habitat or modified their phenotype through plasticity or genetic evolution. Based on the most recent advances in this research area, we predict that wild individuals with highly plastic capacities, relatively high basal stress level, and that are generally shy—in other words, individuals displaying a reactive...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Coping style; Antipredator behavior; Evolution; Stress physiology; Ecology; Predation; Urbanization; Pollution.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00664/77564/79528.pdf

The COVID-19 pandemic and global environmental change: emerging research needs
Provedor de dados: Institutional Archive of Ifreme (ArchiMer)
Autores: Barouki, Robert; Kogevinas, Manolis; Audouze, Karine; Belesova, Kristine; Bergman, Ake; Birnbaum, Linda; Boekhold, Sandra; Denys, Sebastien; Desseille, Celine; Drakvik, Elina; Frumkin, Howard; Garric, Jeanne; Destoumieux-garzon, Delphine; Haines, Andrew; Huss, Anke; Jensen, Genon; Karakitsios, Spyros; Klanova, Jana; Koskela, Iida-maria; Laden, Francine; Marano, Francelyne; Franziska Matthies-wiesler, Eva; Morris, George; Nowacki, Julia; Paloniemi, Riikka; Pearce, Neil; Peters, Annette; Rekola, Aino; Sarigiannis, Denis; Šebková, Katerina; Slama, Remy; Staatsen, Brigit; Tonne, Cathryn; Vermeulen, Roel; Vineis, Paolo.
The outbreak of COVID-19 raised numerous questions on the interactions between the occurrence of new infections, the environment, climate and health. The European Union requested the H2020 HERA project which aims at setting priorities in research on environment, climate and health, to identify relevant research needs regarding Covid-19. The emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2 appears to be related to urbanization, habitat destruction, live animal trade, intensive livestock farming and global travel. The contribution of climate and air pollution requires additional studies. Importantly, the severity of COVID-19 depends on the interactions between the viral infection, ageing and chronic diseases such as metabolic, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: SARS-COV-2; Biodiversity; Urbanization; Climate; Chemicals; Transformational change.
Ano: 2021
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00659/77146/78471.pdf

Urbanization and Waterborne Pathogen Emergence in Low-Income Countries: Where and How to Conduct Surveys?
Provedor de dados: Institutional Archive of Ifreme (ArchiMer)
Autores: Bastaraud, Alexandra; Cecchi, Philippe; Handschumacher, Pascal; Altmann, Mathias; Jambou, Ronan.
A major forthcoming sanitary issue concerns the apparition and spreading of drug-resistant microorganisms, potentially threatening millions of humans. In low-income countries, polluted urban runoff and open sewage channels are major sources of microbes. These microbes join natural microbial communities in aquatic ecosystems already impacted by various chemicals, including antibiotics. These composite microbial communities must adapt to survive in such hostile conditions, sometimes promoting the selection of antibiotic-resistant microbial strains by gene transfer. The low probability of exchanges between planktonic microorganisms within the water column may be significantly improved if their contact was facilitated by particular meeting places. This could...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Waterborne diseases; Drug resistance; Urbanization; Surface water; Plastics; Metagenomic.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00601/71328/69758.pdf

The population ecology of Muscina stabulans (Fallén) (Diptera: Muscidae), along an Urban-Rural Gradient of Buenos Aires, Argentina
Provedor de dados: Neotropical Entomology
Autores: Patitucci,Luciano D; Mulieri,Pablo R; Mariluis,Juan C; Schnack,Juan A.
The false stable fly, Muscina stabulans (Fallén), was surveyed along an urban-rural gradient at Almirante Brown, Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Samples were taken at monthly intervals from May 2005 to April 2007. Hourly captures of adult flies (10:00 am - 04:00 pm) were taken at each sampling date with a hand net. The baits used were 250 g of rotten cow liver and 250 g of fresh dog faeces exposed in shaded and sunny areas. The entire sample accumulated 358 specimens. The number of specimens captured during the second year was higher than in the fi rst year. Muscina stabulans was more abundant at urban-suburban sites. Females showed significant preferences for cow liver. We caught more specimens in shaded areas. The hourly activity increased toward the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: False stable fly; Bait preference; Heliophily; Urbanization.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-566X2010000300020

Local fish extinction in a small tropical lake in Brazil
Provedor de dados: Neotropical Ichthyology
Autores: Pompeu,Paulo dos Santos; Alves,Carlos Bernardo Mascarenhas.
Lagoa Santa is a shallow permanent lake, located in Belo Horizonte metropolitan region, Brazil. In this study, the loss in fish diversity of the lake over the past 150 years is evaluated. Local extinction of almost 70% of the original fish fauna is described. Probably, the main causes of this richness loss were: obstruction of natural communication with rio das Velhas, non-native species introduction, change in the water level, organic pollution, and elimination of littoral and submerged vegetation.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Rio das Velhas; Lagoa Santa; Urbanization; Habitat destruction; Species introduction; Historical diversity loss.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252003000200008

Effects of abiotic variables on the distribution of fish assemblages in streams with different anthropogenic activities in southern Brazil
Provedor de dados: Neotropical Ichthyology
Autores: Daga,Vanessa Salete; Gubiani,Éder André; Cunico,Almir Manoel; Baumgartner,Gilmar.
Studies on fish assemblages in streams point out, that understanding the relationship between species and their environment is crucial for conservation. The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of changes in abiotic variables on the composition and structure of fish assemblages in Neotropical urban streams from southern Brazil with different levels of urbanization. The composition and structure of fish assemblages showed significant differences along the urbanization gradient observed in the streams. Tolerant and non-native species were found in more urbanized sites. A matrix correlation revealed a relationship between abiotic variables and the spatial pattern of structure and composition of fish assemblages. Abiotic variables, such as total...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Abiotic variables; Anthropogenic effects; Ichthyofauna; Urbanization.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252012000300018

Dynamique urbaine et croisement culturel sur les côtes Ouest-Africaines au debut du xxè siecle : Lome fut-elle une exception ?
Provedor de dados: Ocean Docs: e-repository of  publications
Autores: Coquery-Vidrovitch, C.
La plupart des interventions présentées dans ce colloque insistent sur l'originalité de la ville de Lomé. Or, est-il sûr que la ville soit à ce point une exception ? Et si oui,comment l'expliquer ? Cette communication se propose d'examiner cette question sur plusiers plans, notamment à propose de l'origine de la ville, de sa dynamique urbaine (à la fois démographique et politique), et du niétissage culturel de la population loméenne.
Tipo: Proceedings Paper
Palavras-chave: Urbanization; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8088.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/1229

Fonction et signe de l'arbre dans l'espace urbain de Lomé
Provedor de dados: Ocean Docs: e-repository of  publications
Autores: Tchamie, T.T.K.; Badameli, M.K.
Le monde végétal est inscrit naturellement dans la conscience des population africaines. Il n'est donc pas étonnant que l'arbre soit omniprésent dans les champs et les agglomérations. Cette présence de l'arbre s'explique par son importance dans la vie des hommes : rôle alimentaire aussi bien pour les hommes que pour les animaux, rôle réligieux, rôle écologique, rôle énergétique...
Tipo: Proceedings Paper
Palavras-chave: Urbanization; Trees; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8088; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7887.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/1231

Croissance urbaine et inondations à Lomé : Réflexion sur les facteurs responsables et les perspectives d'avenir.
Provedor de dados: Ocean Docs: e-repository of  publications
Autores: Klassou, K.S.
Cette étude, qui évoque l'idée d'un lien entre la croissance urbaine de Lomé et celle de redoutables inondations, veut mettre l'accent sur les facteurs responsables de la submersion saisonnière de la ville. Le travail visé particulièrement à préciser l'impact conjugué de l'hétérogénéité morphologique du site, de la concentration excessive des pluies, mais aussi des responsabilités humaines dans la survenance des inondations.
Tipo: Proceedings Paper
Palavras-chave: Floods; Urbanization; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8088.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/1230

Water quality trends and input loads to Lake Nakuru
Provedor de dados: Ocean Docs: e-repository of  publications
Autores: Kulecho, Andrew; Muhandiki, Victor.
Water quality trends of Lake Nakuru, Kenya and its feeder streams were monitored in 2001-2004. Water samples were obtained from eleven stations in the lake and five points on inflowing streams. The items monitored were physico-chemical and biological components. The drainage basin was characterized by recurrence of dry spells throughout the period with water losses in the lake exceeding the amount received to cause a fall in water volume. The lake water salts content rose – conductivity and alkalinity reached 58 ms/cm and 5,200 mg/l respectively. PH was more or less constant (10.00 – 10.36). Daytime oxygen concentration in the mid-lake system rose (to greater than 20 mg/l) while remaining low in the inflow portions of the lake. On one occasion, the lake...
Tipo: Proceedings Paper
Palavras-chave: Water quality; Biomass; Mortality causes; Anthropogenic factors; Phytoplankton; Pollution effects; Degradation; Man-induced effects; Inland waters; Freshwater pollution; Physicochemical properties; Inflow; Environmental monitoring; Land use; Urbanization; Environmental impact; Pollution; Freshwater.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/5312

Les mécanismes de la péri-urbanisation à Lomé dans les années 1970
Provedor de dados: Ocean Docs: e-repository of  publications
Autores: Le Bris, E.
La "péri-urbanisation" est-elle en train de ... la ville, au Sud comme au Nord? Est elle au contraire en train de faire apparaître des "nouveax de centralité périphérique" compatables à la ville mère ?
Tipo: Proceedings Paper
Palavras-chave: Urbanization; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8088.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/1201

Effects of land use changes on bird composition along River Njoro: A watershed of Lake Nakuru
Provedor de dados: Ocean Docs: e-repository of  publications
Autores: Shivoga, W.A.; Ngugi, F.M.; Muchiri, M.S.; Miller, S.N.
The rift valley lakes and their associated watersheds are home for millions of resident and migratory waterfowl. However, they have been recently challenged by land use changes. Lake Nakuru (Kenya) supports diverse biological resources of global, regional and national importance. It is saline and River Njoro is its main source of freshwater. Deforestation, cultivation and urbanization in vital watershed areas have altered the hydrological regime of River Njoro. There is need to preserve and restore aquatic, riparian and terrestrial biological diversity in the watershed to be able to restore and maintain ecological health of Lake Nakuru. The impact of these recent land use changes on birds in the River Njoro Watershed is of concern to conservationists. This...
Tipo: Proceedings Paper
Palavras-chave: Land use; Aquatic birds; Urbanization; Resource conservation; Resource management; Migratory species; Environment management; Protected resources; Watersheds; Lake basins; Inland waters; Environmental effects; Species diversity; Riparian environments; Aquatic birds; Urbanization; Resource conservation; Resource management; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8898; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8088; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6523; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6524.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/1499

CDM Potential for Rural Transition in China Case Study: Options in Yinzhou District, Zhejiang Province
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Zhao,   Xingshu; Michaelowa,   Axel.
This paper aims to examine the potential of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to address energy- related issues during the rural transition process in China, using a case study of quickly urbanizing and industrializing Yinzhou district in coastal Zhejiang province. Yinzhou's per capita GDP reached US$ 3100 in 2002, three times China's average, and is targeted to achieve $10,000 in 2020. We assess the current energy status of Yinzhou, and provide projections of energy consumption and CO2 emissions up to the year 2020. Energy resource shortages and limited possibilities to obtain coal-fired electricity from national grid illustrate the opening gap between energy supply and demand. We find that Yinzhou's CDM potential is concentrated in efficiency...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Clean Development Mechanism; China; Urbanization; Energy efficiency; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q 540; Q 580.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26152

LOCATIONAL EFFECTS OF URBANIZATION ON AGRICULTURE IN SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Larson,   Janelle M.; Findeis,   Jill L.; Smith,   Stephen M.
Most agricultural output in the northeastern United States comes from counties that have experienced significant development. A mail survey, with 300 responses, was conducted in southeastern Pennsylvania to determine farmer adaptation to urbanization in this region. Despite development, traditional agriculture still predominates. Changes in land use were examined using multinomial logit models. Results show that changes in population density and farm preservation policies have an influence, as increased population density reduced total land operated and having land in an agricultural security area increased it.  Other measures of urbanization, such as proximity to a city or inter-state highway had no statistically significant effect on farm practices....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural adaptation; Rural development; Off-farm income; Urbanization; Land use; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21885

Urbanization, Educational Expansion, and Expenditures Inequality in Indonesia in 1996, 1999, and 2002
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Akita,   Takahiro; Miyata,   Sachiko.
This paper considers urban-rural location and education as the main causes of expenditure inequality and attempts to examine inequality changes associated with urbanization and educational expansion in Indonesia from 1996 to 2002, using Indonesian monthly household consumption expenditure data. It introduces a hierarchical framework of inequality decomposition by population subgroups, which enables researchers to analyze inequality resulting from differences in educational attainment as well as inequality within each educational group, after the effects on inequality of urban– rural differences in the composition of educational attainments are removed. It finds that the urban sector’s higher educational group contributes significantly to overall...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Expenditure Inequality; Urbanization; Educational Expansion; Indonesia; Theil Index; Two-stage Nested Inequality Decomposition Analysis; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42371

How Fast Do Urban Migrants Change Their Diets?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Gibson,   John.
Rapid urbanization is a major cause of structural change in food demand. In West Africa, urbanization is associated with a switch from coarse grains to rice and wheat, in Melanesia the switch is from root crops to rice and wheat, while in much of Asia the switch is away from cereals (and within cereals to wheat). Although reasons why urban diets differ from traditional rural diets are well known, the rate at which recent arrivals from the countryside switch their diet has not been estimated. Evidence on the speed of this dietary change can help to show whether studies of urban food demand need to control for cohort effects and may also help producers forecast the size of their future urban markets. This paper uses cross-sectional household survey data from...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food demand; Migration; Urbanization; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D12; O15.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123806

Land-losing Farmers’ Citizenization in the Process of Urbanization
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Qu,   Xiao-juan.
Starting from the status of citizenization of land-losing farmers, problems in the citizenization are analyzed, such as the difficulty in land-losing farmers’ economic life after turning into citizens, employment difficulties of land-losing farmers after living in the city, and the prominent problems in social security of land-losing farmers. Causations for the citizenization problems of land-losing farmers are analyzed. Firstly, institutionalized rejection is the root of the obstacle in citizenization of land-losing farmers. Secondly, exclusion from social security system is a fundamental reason. Thirdly, exclusion of land-losing farmers from both urban citizens and themselves is the subjective factor. Fourthly, exclusion of land-losing farmers from urban...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Land-losing farmer; Citizenization; Social security; Urbanization; China; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113219

Feeding the Cities and Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Beyond the Food Miles Approach
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: de Cara,   Stephane; Fournier,   Anne; Gaigne,   Carl.
In this paper, we study the impact of urbanization on the location of agricultural production and the GHG emissions related to transportation activities. We develop an economic geography model where the location of agricultural activities and urban population are endogenous. We show that increasing agricultural yields induce the spatial concentration of agricultural production in the least urbanized region if agricultural transport costs are relatively low and in the most urbanized region otherwise. In addition, interregional trade in agricultural commodities is desirable to reduce GHG emissions, except when urban population is equally split between cities. However, the market may induce too much agglomeration of agricultural production when yields are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Urbanization; Agriculture location; Transport; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Q10; Q54; R12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114350

Geography and Economic Transition: Global Spatial Analysis at the Grid Cell Level
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Motamed,   Mesbah J.; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.; Masters,   William J.
This paper addresses the timing of historical transition from rural to urban activity. In our model, rural production has constant returns and meets subsistence needs, while urban production has scale economies and meets the demands of higher-income consumers. Urbanization occurs sooner when rural or urban productivity is higher or transport costs are lower. We test the model on worldwide data that divides the earth's surface at half-degree intervals into over 60,000 cells. From an independent estimate of each cell's rural and urban population history, we identify the date at which each cell achieves various thresholds of urbanization. Controlling for country fixed effects and neighbors' urbanization using spatial techniques, we find that the date at which...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Economic growth; Economic geography; Urbanization; Agriculture; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C21; N50; O11; O18; R1.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49589

Analysis of the Price of Development Right of Agricultural Land in China
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sun,   Nan; Chen,   Shuhui.
According to the viewpoints of predecessors, we define the signification of development right of agricultural land and connotation of the price of development right of agricultural land as follows, the development right of agricultural land is to change the former use nature of agricultural land, so as to become the right of construction Use land; the price of development right of agricultural land refers to the price that is difference between the price of construction use land, and summation of the price of former agricultural land. the expense of developing agricultural land, the expense of management, and profit, after the agricultural land is transformed into non-agricultural construction use land. By using the principle of economics of land, this...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Urbanization; Development right of agricultural land; The price of development right of agricultural land; China; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118287

Innovative approaches to agricultural water use for improving food security in Sub-Saharan Africa
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Inocencio,   Arlene; Sally,   Hilmy; Merrey,   Douglas J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Irrigated farming; Water use; Food security; Water resources; Water supply; Rain; Water harvesting; Wetlands; Food production; Groundwater management; Urbanization; Recycling; Effluents; Waste waters; Water reuse; Water demand; Crop production; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92701

Expansion Strategy of Agricultural Industrial Chain of Suburban Villages and Towns in the Process of Urbanization - A Case Study of Yongle Town in Nanming District of Guiyano City
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Zhu,   Li; Zhu,   Jing.
On the basis of introducing the connotation of agricultural industrial chain, taking Yongle Town in Nanming District of Guiyang City as an example, this paper analyzes me advantages and constraint factors of the suburban villages and towns in the process of expanding agricultural industrial chain in the context of urbanization. Corresponding strategies of expanding the agricultural industrial chain of Yongle Town in the process of urbanization as follows, vigorously develop the leading enterprises; strengthen the construction of farmers' specialized cooperatives and agricultural associations: build and perfect agricultural industrial chain organizations: set up the public information platform; rely on the food industrial Dark to propel the deep processing...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Urbanization; Suburban villages and towns; Income increase of farmers; Expansion of agricultural industry chain; China; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118311

The Impact of Urbanization on CO2 Emissions: Evidence from Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Martinez-Zarzoso,   Inmaculada.
This paper analyzes the impact of urbanization on CO2 emissions in developing countries. In this study we treat population as a predictor in the model, instead of assuming a unitary elasticity of emissions with respect to population growth. We contribute to the existing literature by examining the effect of urbanization, taking into account the presence of heterogeneity in the sample of countries and testing for the stability of the estimated elasticities over time. The sample covers the period from 1975 through 2005 for different groups of countries, classified according to their income levels. Our results show that, whereas the impact of population growth on emissions is above unity and only slightly different for upper, middle, and low-income countries,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: CO2 Emissions; Developing Countries; Panel Data; Population Growth; Urbanization; Q25; Q4; Q54.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37673

Developing a Research and Action Agenda for Examining Urbanization and Caregiving: Examples from Southern and Eastern Africa
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Engle,   Patrice L.; Menon,   Purnima; Garrett,   James L.; Slack,   Alison.
The UNICEF-expanded model for nutrition is used to analyze the circumstances of care in urban environments. The model postulates that there are six major types of care behaviors: feeding and breast-feeding, food preparation and handling, hygiene behavior, psychosocial care, care for women, and home health practices. These behaviors require the resources of education and knowledge of the caregivers, the physical and mental health of caregivers, autonomy in decisionmaking, time availability, and the social support of the family and community in order to ensure adequate care for the child. This paper describes each of these constraints, and two of the behaviors (feeding and health care utilization) in urban and rural areas. Data from Demographic and Health...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Child Feeding; Food handling; Urban health; Urbanization; Education; Research; Gender; Health and Nutrition; Education; Childcare and work; Livelihoods; Urban programming; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97296

UK parliamentary inquiry into global food crisis: call for evidence: How to better manage water so that 9 billion people can be fed equitably, healthily, safely and sustainably by 2050
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Chartres,   Colin J.
Invited submission from the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) to the United Kingdom Parliament on 2 June 2009.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research institutes; Agricultural research; Policy; Water resource management; Irrigated farming; Rainfed farming; Farming systems; Food security; Water productivity; Water scarcity; Population growth; Water reuse; Food production; Water use; Biofuels; Urbanization; Climate change; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Political Economy; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91800

Construction of Governmental Function Network Based on the Perspective of Problem of Farmers Who Lose Their Land
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Li,   Cui-ping; Wang,   Yu-hua.
This paper illustrates three developmental stages of the functional transformation of western governments characterized by different extent of state involvement in economic activities. It investigates the functional role of nation-state in urbanization process in the context of western advanced economies with a particular focus on the laws and regulations, delineating the subjects, objectives, operational procedure, approval system, compensation standard and so on in relation to land expropriation. It also discusses the direction of the adjustment of state functions in China along three lines, including the transformation from political government to economic government, from direct management to indirect management and from comprehensive government to...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Landless farmers; Urbanization; Governmental functions; Network; China; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113421

Spatial variation in water supply and demand across river basins of India
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Amarasinghe,   Upali A.; Sharma,   Bharat R.; Aloysius,   Noel; Scott,   Christopher A.; Smakhtin,   Vladimir U.; de Fraiture,   Charlotte.
India is a large country with regional differences in per-capita water supply and demand. Attempts to describe the water situation in India at a national level are often misleading due to the tremendous diversity in the water situation across the country. This Report analyzes the spatial variation of water supply and demand across river basins in India. The study identifies basins that are water-scarce because of inadequate water availability to meet the effective demand. It also identifies issues that are important for estimating the future water demand and for the formation of policy for future water-resources development and management.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water supply; Water demand; River basins; Catchment areas; Water availability; Water scarcity; Estimation; Irrigation water; Domestic water; Population growth; Urbanization; Groundwater extraction; Crop production; Policy; Water transfer; India; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Production Economics.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52966

Incorporating Spatial Complexity into Economic Models of Land Markets and Land Use Change
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Chen,   Yong; Irwin,   Elena G.; Jayaprakash,   Ciriyam.
Recent work in regional science, geography, and urban economics has advanced spatial modeling of land markets and land use by incorporating greater spatial complexity, including multiple sources of spatial heterogeneity, multiple spatial scales, and spatial dynamics. Doing so has required a move away from relying solely on analytical models to partial or full reliance on computational methods that can account for these added features of spatial complexity. In the first part of the paper, we review economic models of urban land development that have incorporated greater spatial complexity, focusing on spatial simulation models with spatial endogenous feedbacks and multiple sources of spatial heterogeneity. The second part of the paper presents a spatial...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Urban growth; Urbanization; Land development; Spatial dynamics; Heterogeneity; Agent-based models; Spatial interactions; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120644

Child Development: Vulnerability and Resilience
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Engle,   Patrice L.; Castle,   Sarah; Menon,   Purnima.
Many of the challenges facing children now are a function of the changing times, including increases in urbanization, political violence, changing family forms, and, in some areas, decreased supplies of adequate food. This paper reviews the evolving nature of these risks. In addition, the paper analyzes the development of formal and informal strategies to ameliorate the vulnerability and promote the resilience of young children to these risks. The paper identifies four stages in the research process regarding risks for children: (1) identification of the risk; (2) clarification of etiology and consequences; (3) recognition of resilience among some individuals; and (4) definition of factors in resilience and implications for intervention.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Supply; Urbanization; Child Development; Health Services; Welfare Economics; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97309

Exploration of Priority Strategies for Harmonious Development between Urbanization and the Construction of New Countryside in China Based on the Theory of Unbalanced Growth
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Liang,   Ying; Cai,   Cheng-zhi.
Based on the theory of unbalanced growth, we analyze priority strategy of different regions in China. It is prior to enhance the quality of urbanization in the East, make a long-term planning for construction of small towns, focus on harmony between human and nature, so as to realize its development to integrate with international urbanization level. For the middle areas, urbanization and construction of new countryside should be developed simultaneously, take a road of interactive development of urban and rural areas, finally to raise the level of urbanization. As to the western areas, it is required to firstly build new countryside, focus on construction of infrastructural facilities, adjust and optimize structure of agricultural production, and push...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Unbalanced growth; Urbanization; Construction of new countryside; Priority; China; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121288

Emerging Challenges for Food and Nutrition Policy in Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Stamoulis,   Kostas G.; Pingali,   Prabhu L.; Shetty,   Prakash.
As the income and the average caloric intake of developing country populations increase, a relative shift in diets is taking place. The general pattern of change can be described as a shift towards more 'westernized' diets and away from traditional ones. Accompanying this dietary trend are the substantial and rapid changes in food production, retailing and distribution systems. After reviewing these combined shifts and changes, the paper discusses the implications for rural poverty and food security, food safety and quality but also for diet-related non-communicable diseases and the related, emerging challenges for policymakers.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food policy; Food systems; Nutrition; Food insecurity; Undernutrition; Malnutrition; Urbanization; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12000

A Research to Village Combination and the Analysis of the Influences of Which Having on Social Economy During the Urbanization Process of Yantai City
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Yu,   Huilu; Xia,   Yanling; Lu,   Qingshui.
With the rapid development of urbanization of our country, serious conflicts on land using appear. Village combination in rural areas is an important way to increase cultivated land, promote the development of urbanization and effectively solve conflicts on land using, which plays an significant role in solving agriculture problems, countryside problems and peasant problems, assuring foods safety and constructing social new countryside.Taking Yantai City as example, the paper firstly makes analyses on the necessaries and the feasibility of village combination. And then based on the mode GM (1,1) of grey theory, the paper forecasts the urbanization ratio, the proportion of urban and rural areas to the whole population and finally programs the rational scale...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Village combination; Urbanization; Reclaimation; China; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118309

The Global Supply and Demand for Agricultural Land in 2050: A Perfect Storm in the Making?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Hertel,   Thomas W.
2010 AAEA Presidential Address; forthcoming in January 2011 AJAE in shortened version.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Global agriculture; Land use; Projections; Population; Yields; Urbanization; Biodiversity; Water; Climate change; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q11; Q15; Q16; Q17.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92639

Determinants of Public Health expenditures in Pakistan
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Abbas,   Faisal; Hiemenz,   Ulrich.
This study describes the macroeconomic determinants of health care spending in a broad context using time series data from Pakistan on economic, demographic, social, and political variables. The data spans a period from 1972- 2006 and was analyzed using cointegration and error correction approaches. All variables were found to be first difference stationary and the results confirm the presence of one cointegrating vector. This proves the existence of a long-run relationship between public health care expenditures and the other variables used in the model. The income elasticity of public health care expenditures is estimated at 0.23. As this value is less than unity it suggests that, contrary to most of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Health Expenditures; Unemployment; Urbanization; Cointegration; Time series; Pakistan; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118422

Vertical coordination in high-value commodities: Implications for Smallholders
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Birthal,   Pratap Singh; Joshi,   P.K.; Gulati,   Ashok.
Rising per capita income, urbanization and globalization are changing the consumption basket in the developing countries towards high-value commodities (like fruits &amp; vegetables, milk, meat, poultry, fish, etc.). This paper explores how smallholders can benefit from the emerging opportunities from a silent demand-driven changes in high-value agriculture in India. The study examines the institutional mechanisms adopted by different firms to integrate small producers of milk, broilers and vegetables in supply chain and their effects on producers’ transaction costs and farm profitability. The study finds that the innovative institutional arrangements in the form of contract farming have considerably reduced transaction costs and improved market efficiency...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: High value commodities; Urbanization; High value agriculture; Scaling up; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59824

Cointegration Analysis on the Relation between Urbanization and Economic Growth in China
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Liu,   Ai-ying; Yao,   Li-fen; Li,   Qing-chen.
This paper utilizes cointegration theory, error correcting model and Granger causality testing theory to make an empirical research on the relation between urbanization and GDP in China, and also implements a comparative analysis to the relation between three industries and degree of urbanization, the related coeffecient is 0.97, 0.95, 0.97, 0.97. And the result shows a long-term balance between these two factors, and the promoting effect to tertiary industry by urbanization is more obvious. Urbanization and economic growth are the long-term balanced relations. In the long-term balance, every 1% increment of urbanization can make 4.82% increment of GDP; In short-term balance, if the balance depart from the long-term balance at the i-th term, the model will...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Economic growth; Urbanization; Cointegration test; Error correction model; China; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113441

How Fast Do Urban Migrants Change Their Diets?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Gibson,   John.
Rapid urbanization is a major cause of structural change in food demand. In West Africa, urbanization is associated with a switch from coarse grains to rice and wheat, in Melanesia the switch is from root crops to rice and wheat, while in much of Asia the switch is away from cereals (and within cereals to wheat). Although reasons why urban diets differ from traditional rural diets are well known, the rate at which recent arrivals from the countryside switch their diet has not been estimated. Evidence on the speed of this dietary change can help to show whether studies of urban food demand need to control for cohort effects and may also help producers forecast the size of their future urban markets. This paper uses cross-sectional household survey data from...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food demand; Migration; Urbanization; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D12; O15.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123806

Rapid Urbanization and Food Security: Using Food Density Maps to Identify Future Food Security Hotspots
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Matuschke,   Ira.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Urbanization; Food security; Food density maps; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51643

Urbanization and Rural development
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Molnar,   Melinda.
Urbanization means the growth of the number and size of the towns and the spreading of quality of life in towns (Enyedi, 1996). Naturally the growth and development is different in several parts of the world. On the other hand the urbanization is not only effect to towns. It has also an effect on rural region. Several attendant phenomenons belong to the urbanization (economic development, rural development, infrastructural development etc.). Primary target is to demonstrate the connection between urbanization and rural development.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Urbanization; Regional development; Rural development; Urban-explosion; Relative deconcentration; Dezurbanization; Urbanization of informatics; Sustainable development; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47552

FARM OPERATIONS FACING DEVELOPMENT:  RESULTS FROM THE CENSUS LONGITUDINAL FILE
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Hoppe,   Robert A.; Korb,   Penelope J.
This paper examines farms in areas undergoing development, using a longitudinal file constructed by linking several agricultural censuses.  Individual farms are followed over the 1982-97 period.  Survival, exit, and entrance rates are presented for three types of farms:  recreational, adaptive, and traditional.  The three types of farms are located where one would expect.  Traditional farms are concentrated in nonmetropolitan (nonmetro) counties, while adaptive farms are concentrated in metro core counties.  Recreational farms are least common in nonmetro nonadjacent areas, where off-farm opportunities are fewest.  The concentration of adaptive farms in metro core counties does not appear to be the result of these farms simply surviving an urban...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Urban development; Urbanization; Specialty agriculture; High-value agriculture; Farming; Farm structure; Farm Management.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20771

The Value of Water Rights in Agricultural Properties in the Phoenix Active Management Area
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Yoo,   James; Perrings,   Charles; Kinzig,   Ann; Abbott,   Joshua K.; Simonit,   Silvio; Connors,   John P.; Maliszewski,   Paul J.
This paper estimates the value of water rights in the Phoenix Active Management Area (AMA), Arizona. Within AMAs groundwater rights cannot be transferred separately from the agricultural land to which they apply. As a result there is no separate market for ground water rights. The lack of a market creates two problems: there is no direct signal of the scarcity of water and no mechanism for reallocating water from low-to-high value uses. Water can only be reallocated by changing land use. With the growth of metropolitan Phoenix the value of water committed to residential, commercial or industrial use has increased rapidly relative to the value of water committed to agriculture. This has led to the reallocation of land from agriculture to urban uses. To...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water rights; Hedonic price method; Urbanization; Farmland prices; Elasticity; Marginal willingness to pay; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124095

New record of Pterotaenia fasciata (Wiedemann) (Diptera, Ulidiidae) in Brazil, a probably mechanical vector of enteric bacteria
Provedor de dados: Revista Brasileira de Entomologia
Autores: Barnabe,Anderson Sena; Laporta,Gabriel Zorello; Laporta,Marcia Zorello; Lamas,Carlos José Einicker.
Pterotaenia fasciata is commonly recorded in rural areas in Argentina, but during a Diptera survey study developed in a reservoir which retains storm water from polluted canals in an urban area of Taboão da Serra municipality, SP, Brazil, we could capture P. fasciata adults. Enteric bacteria Escherichia coli T. Escherich, 1885 and Proteus sp. were isolated from P. fasciata collected in traps inside the reservoir and around it. Fecal coliforms and E. coli were found in the water of the reservoir. These records suggest that a high abundance of this species at urban areas with inadequate sewage canals should reveal these muscoid dipterans as mechanical vectors of enteric bacteria.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Microbiology; Neotropical; Parasitology; Taxonomy; Urbanization.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0085-56262007000100020

Diet and trophic guilds of fish assemblages in two streams with different anthropic impacts in the northwest of Paraná, Brazil
Provedor de dados: Revista Brasileira de Zoologia
Autores: Bonato,Karine Orlandi; Delariva,Rosilene Luciana; Silva,Jislaine Cristina da.
In the present study, we describe the diets of the fish assemblages in two streams in the Maringá region of Paraná that are under the influence of different anthropic impacts. We also evaluate how the origin and use of food resources varies temporally and spatially and how the trophic organization of the fish assemblages differs between the two streams. Fish were collected every two months from October 2006 to October 2007 using sieves, seining and closing nets along two 50 m stretches of each stream. We used the volumetric method to analyze the stomach contents of 599 fish belonging to 15 species. We then employed ANOSIM, SIMPER, NMDS and cluster analyses (using the Bray-Curtis index) to examine how different factors (species, stream, sampling site and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Food resources; Seasonality; Spatial variation; Urbanization.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702012000100004

Does urbanization have positive or negative effects on Crab spider (Araneae: Thomisidae) diversity?
Provedor de dados: Revista Brasileira de Zoologia
Autores: Argañaraz,Carina I.; Gleiser,Raquel M.
ABSTRACT Urbanization has a great impact on the diversity of living organisms. Spiders, for example, have been shown to respond negatively (some orb weaving species) and positively (ground dwelling species) to urbanization. The effects of urbanization on crab spiders (Thomisidae) (sit-and-wait predators that generally ambush their prey on flowers and leaves) are not sufficiently known. This paper describes the Thomisidae community that inhabits green patches in a temperate Neotropical city, Cordoba, Argentina, and its surroundings, and ascertains whether there are differences in species richness, abundance and composition between urban and exurban sites. Samples were collected from 30 sites during the summer and spring of 2013 and 2014, using the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Arachnid; Biodiversity; City; Richness; Turn-over; Urbanization.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702017000100319

Communities of soil macrofauna in green spaces of an urbanizing city at east China
Provedor de dados: Revista Chilena de Historia Natural
Autores: BAO-MING,GE; ZHEN-XING,LI; DAI-ZHEN,ZHANG; HUA-BIN,ZHANG; ZONG-TANG,LIU; CHUN-LIN,ZHOU; BO-PING,TANG.
We evaluated the diversity of soil macrofauna communities inhabiting urban green spaces in Yancheng City, an urbanizing city located east of China. In the end of April 2011, the taxonomic richness, abundance and composition of soil macrofauna communities were assessed and compared among five types of green space (poplar forest, rapeseed farm, grassland in park, lawn and nursery garden) and three depth layers in the soil, with taxonomic resolution attained at the order level. Taxonomic richness (orders) and abundance were significantly different among green spaces. Diversity indices (Margalef's taxonomic richness R and Shannon-Weaver diversity index H') were higher in poplar forest, grassland in park and nursery garden than in rapeseed farm and lawn....
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: China; Diversity; Soil layer; Urbanization; Yancheng City.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2012000200008

Can insect assemblages tell us something about the urban environment health?
Provedor de dados: Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
Autores: VALENTE-GAIESKY,VERA LÚCIA DA SILVA.
Abstract Abstract: If we consider Drosophilidae, the answer to the question above is yes. Many research groups in Brazil and abroad have been showing that assemblages of flies of this family can reflect environmental alteration levels caused by urbanization, and/or by other human disturbances. I will present here a summary of our findings in Drosophilidae assemblages reflecting different degrees of environmental perturbation. These studies were done by graduate students of two post graduate programs of UFRGS, under my supervision, along several decades. I will also present the results stemming from the effort of other Brazilian Drosophilid study groups while identifying the members of those assemblages in different Biomes. As a result of those field...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Bioindication; Brazilian Biomes; Drosophilidae; Urbanization.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652019000600606

Phosphorus dynamics in a highly polluted urban drainage channel-shallow reservoir system in the Brazilian semiarid
Provedor de dados: Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
Autores: ARAÚJO,GERMÁRIO M.; LIMA NETO,IRAN E.; BECKER,HELENA.
Abstract: This paper investigates phosphorus dynamics in a highly polluted system composed of a drainage channel followed by a shallow reservoir in the city of Fortaleza, Brazilian semiarid. During the dry season, significant non-point source loads of total phosphorus originated from residences unconnected to sewers were identified along the channel, resulting in an increasing flow rate of untreated sewage towards the reservoir. During the rainy season, as a consequence of dilution, phosphorus concentrations decreased by about 5-fold. The results also revealed that the reservoir was acting similarly to a waste stabilization pond, with phosphorus removal efficiency of about 33%. Assuming one-dimensional flow for the channel and complete mixing for the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Diffuse pollution; Eutrophication; Nutrients; Semiarid; Urbanization; Water quality modeling.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652019000500902

Opportunistic adaptations to man-induced habitat changes by some South American Caprimulgidae
Provedor de dados: Brazilian Journal of Biology
Autores: INGELS,J.; ONIKI,Y.; WILLIS,E. O.
We describe the opportunistic adaptation to man-induced changes in the habitats of six neotropical Caprimulgidae. Habitats created by those changes, and similar to their original and usual ones, are readily occupied by these nightjars. The occasional invasion of urban environments ("urbanization") is the most recent and most remarkable behavioural adaptation.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Habitats; Urbanization; Neotropical; Caprimulgidae.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-71081999000400005

Comparative metagenome of a stream impacted by the urbanization phenomenon
Provedor de dados: Brazilian Journal of Microbiology
Autores: Medeiros,Julliane Dutra; Cantão,Maurício Egídio; Cesar,Dionéia Evangelista; Nicolás,Marisa Fabiana; Diniz,Cláudio Galuppo; Silva,Vânia Lúcia; Vasconcelos,Ana Tereza Ribeiro de; Coelho,Cíntia Marques.
Abstract Rivers and streams are important reservoirs of freshwater for human consumption. These ecosystems are threatened by increasing urbanization, because raw sewage discharged into them alters their nutrient content and may affect the composition of their microbial community. In the present study, we investigate the taxonomic and functional profile of the microbial community in an urban lotic environment. Samples of running water were collected at two points in the São Pedro stream: an upstream preserved and non-urbanized area, and a polluted urbanized area with discharged sewage. The metagenomic DNA was sequenced by pyrosequencing. Differences were observed in the community composition at the two sites. The non-urbanized area was overrepresented by...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Aquatic environment; Urbanization; Microbial community; Metagenomic.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822016000400835