Consulta: subjectFacets:"Water balance"
Registros recuperados: 69
Data/hora: 01/06/2024 09:45:00

El uso de tecnologías de la información en el desarrollo de un plan de manejo sustentable del acuífero del Valle de Guadalupe, B. C.
Provedor de dados: Depósito Institucional Abierto de Documentos Digitales del Colegio de Postgraduados (COLPOS DIGITAL )
Autores: Salgado Tránsito, Jorge Arturo.
El presente trabajo se realizó en la región del Valle de Guadalupe, municipio de Ensenada, Baja California, y consistió en la elaboración de un Plan de manejo sustentable del acuífero a partir del uso de tecnologías de la información. El plan de manejo servirá para equilibrar las extracciones con las recargas del acuífero del Valle de Guadalupe. La metodología llevada a cabo en la investigación partió de la elaboración del Sistema de Información Geográfica de la zona. Posteriormente se realizó una estimación de la descarga del acuífero mediante el censo de las extracciones observadas en campo, así como los gastos reportados para el uso urbano. Con la información obtenida y datos de las estaciones meteorológicas de influencia se determinó el balance general...
Palavras-chave: Sistemas de Información Geográfica; Balance hídrico; Análisis químico; Desalinización; GIS; Water balance; Chemical analysis; Desalination; Doctorado; Hidrociencias.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/321

Zonificación agroclimática de la cuenca de México.
Provedor de dados: Depósito Institucional Abierto de Documentos Digitales del Colegio de Postgraduados (COLPOS DIGITAL )
Autores: Villeda Monsalvo, Alondra.
La variación de las condiciones climáticas en este país ha sido un factor limitante para poder establecer cultivos sustentables en regiones en donde solo se practica agricultura de autoconsumo. Este tipo de fenómenos no se pueden cambiar, sin embargo se pueden establecer cultivos que se adapten a las condiciones del lugar, es por eso que en este trabajo se analizaron las variables meteorológicas de temperatura y precipitación para saber si los cultivos de Frijol, Haba, Maíz, Papa y Trigo presentan condiciones para desarrollarse satisfactoriamente en la cuenca de México. Se procesaron las variables meteorológicas con el programa Excel, mediante el análisis Frecuencial de Lluvias se determinó el periodo o estación de crecimiento, pero para fines prácticos se...
Palavras-chave: Zonificación; Balance hídrico; Indice de satisfacción de necesidades hídricas; Zoning; Water balance; Rate of satisfaction of the hydric needs; Hidrociencias; Maestría.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/2004

Energy and Water Use Related to the Cultivation of Energy Crops: a Case Study in the Tuscany Region
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Dalla Marta, Anna; DIPSA-University of Firenze; anna.dallamarta@unifi.it; Natali, Francesca; DIPSA-University of Firenze;; Mancini, Marco; DIPSA-University of Firenze;; Ferrise, Roberto; DIPSA-University of Firenze;; Bindi, Marco; DIPSA-University of Firenze;; Orlandini, Simone; DIPSA-University of Firenze;.
The contribution of agrobiomasses, as a source of energy, to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions was confirmed by several studies. Biomass from agriculture represents one of the larger and more diverse sources to exploit and in particular  ethanol and diesel have the potential to be a sustainable replacement for fossil fuels, mainly for transport purposes. However, the cultivation of energy crops dedicated to the production of biofuels presents some potential problems, e.g., competitiveness with food crops, water needs, use of fertilizers, etc., and the economic, energy, and environmental convenience of such activity depends on accurate evaluations about the global efficiency of the production system. In this study, the processes related to the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Agroenergy; Bioethanol; Energy balance; Pure vegetable oil; Water balance.
Ano: 2011

Test of a microlysimeter for measurement of soil evaporation
Provedor de dados: Engenharia Agrícola
Autores: Flumignan,Danilton L.; Faria,Rogério T. de; Lena,Bruno P.
Quantifying soil evaporation is required on studies of soil water balance and applications aiming to improve water use efficiency by crops. The performance of a microlysimeter (ML) to measure soil evaporation under irrigation and non-irrigation was evaluated. The MLs were constructed using PVC tubes, with dimensions of 100 mm inner diameter, 150 mm depth and 2.5 mm wall thickness. Four MLs were uniformly distributed on the soil surface of two weighing lysimeters conducted under bare soil, previously installed at Iapar, in Londrina, PR, Brazil. The lysimeters had 1.4 m width, 1.9 m length and 1.3 m depth and were conducted with and without irrigation. Evaporation measurements by MLs (E ML) were compared with measurements by lysimeters (E L) during four...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Water management; Water balance; Lysimeters; Soil water.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-69162012000100009

Potential of utilization of rain water excess for irrigation of green roofs in Mato Grosso, Brasil
Provedor de dados: Engenharia Agrícola
Autores: Vieira,Nathan L.; Queiroz,Tadeu M. de; Fagundes,Minéia C.; Dallacort,Rivanildo.
The aim of this study was to identify the relation between the evapotranspirometer demand and the supply of water from local rainfall, evaluating the possibility of using water excess for irrigation of Green Roofs in the State of Mato Grosso, in Brazil. The study was done using a series of historical data provided by the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET - Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia) which has official climatological stations in 12 cities and regions of the State. The evapotranspiration values were obtained by the Penman-Monteith method and by the Climatic Water Balance (CWB) by the Thornthwaite and Mather method using Available Water Capacity (AWC) of 12mm. With the CWB the excess and deficit were calculated, which were used for the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Water balance; Rainfall and sustainability.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-69162013000400024

CROP MODELING WITH LESS DATA: THE FAO MODEL FOR SOYBEAN YIELD ESTIMATION
Provedor de dados: Engenharia Agrícola
Autores: Richetti,Jonathan; Johann,Jerry Adriani; Uribe-Opazo,Miguel Angel.
ABSTRACT Crop growth simulation models such as WOFOST and DSSAT are useful, but require several inputs that sometimes are not available, especially in developing areas. In addition, measured data is usually time and labor-intensive. In search of faster and easier methods for soybean estimates, this study presents a lower input requiring methodology for yield estimation. This study combines the FAO-33 yield model with the agro-ecological zone approach for soybean yield estimations using mostly indirect data. Sowing and harvest dates and yield were collected from 74 soybean commercial farms. Agrometeorological data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) were used. Fifty farms (66%) were used to calibrate the model and 24 farm...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Water balance; Evapotranspiration; Thornthwaite and Mather.
Ano: 2021
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-69162021000200196

HIGH PRECISION WEIGHING LYSIMETERS FOR EVAPOTRANSPIRATION MEASUREMENTS OF SUGARCANE PRE-SPROUTED PLANTLETS
Provedor de dados: Engenharia Agrícola
Autores: Libardi,Luís G. P.; Faria,Rogério T. de; Dalri,Alexandre B.; Rolim,Glauco de S.; Palaretti,Luiz F.
Abstract Sugarcane pre-sprouted plantlets (PSP) production system is an innovative method to enhance crop multiplication rate. Determination of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) is crucial for water requirement identification throughout the plant cycle for irrigation management. ETc can be satisfactorily measured by weighing lysimeters. The objective of the study was to construct and calibrate three low-cost weighing lysimeters to measure ETc of PSP. The built lysimeters had 0.6909 m2 area (1179 mm × 586 mm), with 400 mm depth supported by 3 load cells. Lysimeters calibration showed excellent precision measurements, due to high linear correlation (R2 = 1.0000) between electric signal and equivalent mass, high accuracy, confirmed by mean absolute error between...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Irrigation; Water balance; Water requirement.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-69162018000200208

Estimation of evaporation in the Banabuiú dam, in the state of Ceará, Brazil, by different combined methods, derived from the Penman equation
Provedor de dados: Engenharia Agrícola
Autores: Leão,Raimundo A. de O.; Soares,Antônio A.; Teixeira,Adunias dos S.; Silva,Demetrius D. Da.
The state of Ceará, Brazil, has 75% of its area covered by Brazilian semiarid, with its peculiar features. In this state, the dams are constituted in water structure of strategic importance, ensuring, both in time and space, the development and supply of water to population. However, construction of reservoirs results in various impacts that should be carefully observed when deciding on their implementation. One of the impacts identified as negative is the increased evaporation, which constitutes a major component of water balance in reservoirs, especially in arid regions. Several methods for estimating evaporation have been proposed over time, many of them deriving from the Penman equation. This study evaluated six different methods for estimating...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Dams; Semiarid; Hydrologycal modelling; Water balance.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-69162013000100014

Water requirement and yield of fig trees under different drip irrigation management
Provedor de dados: Engenharia Agrícola
Autores: Andrade,Irineu P. de S.; Carvalho,Daniel F. de; Almeida,Wilk S. de; Silva,Jonathas B. Gonçalves; Silva,Leonardo D. B. da.
This work aimed to study the effect of drip irrigation management on growth and yield of the 'Roxo de Valinhos' fig tree (Ficus carica L.), at three years old, and to determine crop coefficients (Kc) and its water requirement (ETc) under Baixada Fluminense climate and soil conditions, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The study was carried out in the experimental area of SIPA (Sistema Integrado de Produção Agroecológica) in Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro State, from July 2011 to May 2012. The experimental area was divided in two blocks, named B1 (sandy clay loam texture) and B2 (loamy sand texture). In each block, irrigation frequencies (IF) of two (T1) and four days (T2) were evaluated, as well as the irrigation absence (T3). Irrigation management and water...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Crop coefficient; Ficus carica L.; TDR; Irrigation frequency; Water balance.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-69162014000100003

Climate risk in maize crop in the northeastern of Brazil based on climate change scenarios
Provedor de dados: Engenharia Agrícola
Autores: Silva,Vicente de P. R. da; Campos,João H. B. da C.; Silva,Madson T.
This study evaluates the impacts of climate change on the agricultural zoning of climatic risk in maize crop cultivated in the Northeastern of Brazil, based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports. The water balance model, combined with geospatial technologies, was used to identify areas of the study region where the crops could suffer yield restrictions due to climate change. The data used in the study were the time series of rainfall with at least 30 years of daily data, crop coefficients, potential evapotranspiration and duration of the crop cycle. The scenarios of the increasing of air temperature used in the simulations were of 1.5ºC, 3ºC and 5ºC. The sowing date of maize crop from January to March appears to be less affected...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Global warming; Water balance; Rainfall; Agricultural zoning.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-69162012000600019

Avaliação do manejo de águas no perímetro irrigado de Bebedouro, Petrolina, PE.
Provedor de dados: Informação Tecnológica em Agricultura (Infoteca-e)
Autores: VALDIVIESO SALAZAR, C. R.; CORDEIRO, G. G.
O uso pouco racional da agua de irrigacao (condicoes de mau manejo de agua) tem originado a formacao de lencol freatico que se aproxima da superficie do solo em lugares e epocas determinadas, criando condicoes improprias ou desvangajosas para o desenvolvimento das culturas e limitando a sua produtividade. O presente trabalho refere-se a quantificacao de uso de agua no Perimetro Irrigado de Bebedouro, em Petrolina,PE, avaliando as eficiencias de irrigacao nos diferentes niveis de conducao, distribuicao e aplicacao e que permitem determinar a grandeza da quantidade de agua perdida que contribui para o problema de drenagem. Dessa forma sao conferidas frequencias de irrigacao inadequadas que mantem um regime de umidade tambem inadequado na zona radicular, em...
Tipo: Boletim de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Eficiência; Brasil; Pernambuco; Petrolina; Projeto Bebedouro; Efficiency; Soil moisture.; Irrigação; Água; Balanço Hídrico; Manejo; Umidade; Solo.; Irrigation; Frequency; Water balance; Water management.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/133649

Spatial variation in small scale of soil wetness evaluated by different methods.
Provedor de dados: Informação Tecnológica em Agricultura (Infoteca-e)
Autores: TEIXEIRA, W. G.; MARQUES, J. D. de O.; HUWE, B.
Evaluations of dielectric constants E and samplings for the determination of ø and bulk density þm were carried out in four profiles of a Xanthic Ferralsol with high clay content (Latossolo Amarelao - Brazil Classification) at the Experimental Statation of Embrapa Amazonia Ocidental (Manaus, AM, Brazil). The sample were taken near the soil surface. Three undisturbed core samples and three disturbed auger samples were collected at each depth. The E was determined in advance at six points with the probe inserted vertically and three points horizontally in each depth. Results and discussion on: a) volume evaluated and probe orientation; b) topsoil and subsoil measurements; c) soil characteristics; and d) accuracy of empirical equations for the determination...
Tipo: Capítulo em livro técnico (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Brasil; Amazonas; Manaus; Floresta Tropical Úmida; Relação Solo-Água; Soil water; Tropical rain forests; Water; Water balance.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/668348

Priorização de municípios para ações de conservação do solo e da água: componentes socioeconômico e ambiental
Provedor de dados: Informação Tecnológica em Agricultura (Infoteca-e)
Autores: FIDALGO, E. C. C.; MARTINS, A. L. da S.; SCHULER, A. E.; PRADO, R. B.; MONTEIRO, J. M. G.; OLIVEIRA, A. P. de; PEDREIRA, B. da C. C. G.; DART, R. de O.
O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de identificar e mapear municípios em uma escala de priorização com base em indicadores socioeconômicos e ambientais relacionados à gestão do solo e da água no meio rural. O trabalho visa produzir informações técnicas a fim de subsidiar a seleção de municípios para implementar ações de conservação do solo e da água. Para tal, optou-se por buscar um conjunto mínimo de indicadores capaz de evidenciar a distribuição espacial de fatores condicionantes de natureza socioeconômica e ambiental e refletir situações relevantes do território a serem consideradas na priorização de municípios brasileiros. Após levantamento de indicadores usados em programas de conservação do solo e da água desenvolvidos no Brasil e...
Tipo: Boletim de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Estabelecimentos agropecuários; Balanço hídrico quantitativo; Apoio à tomada de decisão; Recurso Hídrico; Gestão; Microbacia; Agricultura Familiar; Indicador Econômico; Indicador Social; Renda; Family farms; Income; Water balance; Decision making.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1127559

Variação espaço-temporal dos excedentes hídricos no território brasileiro.
Provedor de dados: Informação Tecnológica em Agricultura (Infoteca-e)
Autores: GUIMARAES, D. P.; LANDAU, E. C.; BRANDÃO, G. R.
RESUMO-A determinação do balanço hídrico climatológico decendial na resolução espacial de 5 km e quantificação dos excedentes hídricos foi efetuada para todo o território brasileiro com o emprego de álgebra de imagens. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com os valores disponibilizados pelo INMET no Sistema de Suporte à Decisão na Agropecuária (Sisdagro) e apresentaram Coeficiente de Determinação (R2) acima de 70%. A tendência de subestimar os valores disponibilizados pelo INMET pode estar relacionada com a identificação de uma maior frequência de locais com excedentes hídricos nulos e o uso da capacidade de água disponível variável em função do tipo de solo. A região conhecida como Cabeça de Cachorro foi a única que apresentou excedentes hídricos...
Tipo: Folhetos
Palavras-chave: Recurso Hídrico; Água; Evapotranspiração; Precipitação Pluvial; Balanço Hídrico; Disponibilidade de Água; Water balance; Evapotranspiration; Available water capacity.
Ano: 2022
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1150230

Water and nutrient fluxes as indicators for the stability of different land use systems on the terra firme near Manaus.
Provedor de dados: Informação Tecnológica em Agricultura (Infoteca-e)
Autores: SHIFT PROJECT ENV 45 (Manaus-AM).
This is the third annual report of the project summarizing the results of 1997. The results of the biomass determination and nutrient uptake are included which were conducted during 1996/97. First results from stand hydrology (stemflow, throughfall) and soil nitrogen dynamics are incorporated. The report is devided into two parts. In the main part, the project team is presented and is activities throughout the year 1997 are briefly summarized. The annexes give detailed information on selected research activities of the project. The research programme could be conducted according to the schedule outlined in previous report. This detailed and integrated analyses of the soil nutrient and water dynamics is yet to be done. This will involve mathematical...
Tipo: Outras publicações técnicas (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Brasil; Amazonas; Manaus; Tropical rain forest; Água; Balanço Hídrico; Biomassa; Floresta Tropical Úmida; Nutriente; Solo; Transporte de Nutriente; Uso da Terra; Biomass; Land use; Nutrient uptake; Nutrients; Soil; Water; Water balance.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/667941

Agua: manejar e preciso.
Provedor de dados: Informação Tecnológica em Agricultura (Infoteca-e)
Autores: NASCIMENTO, T.
Quando irrigar? turno de rega calculado, balanço de água no solo; tensão de água noslo. Quanto irrigar? Como irrigar?
Tipo: Artigo de divulgação na mídia (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Manejo de solo e água.; Irrigação; Agricultura; Água; Balanço Hídrico; Manejo.; Irrigation; Water balance; Water management.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/134488

BHCalc: manual do usuário.
Provedor de dados: Informação Tecnológica em Agricultura (Infoteca-e)
Autores: SILVA, J. P. da; MEIRELES, E. J. L.; CAMARGO, M. B. P. de; PANTANO, A. P.; ROMANI, L. A. S.
Este manual tem por objetivo apresentar, de forma rápida e prática, a ferramenta para cálculo o balanço hídrico pelo método de Thornthwaite e Mather (1955), otimizando seu uso e aquisição de resultados pelo público interessado, contribuindo, assim, para o planejamento e tomadas de decisão das atividades agropecuárias e de pesquisas.
Tipo: Documentos (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Evapotranspiração potencial; Excedente hídrico; Balanço hídrico; Deficiência hídrica; Evapotranspiração; Water balance; Evapotranspiration; Drought.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1065245

Caracterização agroclimática do Estado da Bahia: probabilidades do balanço hídrico mensal.
Provedor de dados: Informação Tecnológica em Agricultura (Infoteca-e)
Autores: REDDY, S. J.; AMORIM NETO, M. da S.
Este estudo apresenta uma caracterização climática do Estado da Bahia, utilizando probabilidades do balanço hídrico mensal. Na estimativa da probabilidade, dados de precipitação mensal de um período de 15 anos ou mais foram utilizados. A análise foi efetuada para 196 locais. Os valroes de evapotranspiração potencial para anos individuais, foram calculados utilizando a metodologia de Reddy * Amorim Neto (1983) e Reddy (1979). A técnica do balanço hídrico mensal de Thornthwaite &amp; Mather (1955 e 1957) com algumas modificações foi utilizada na estimativa da evapotranspiração real, deficit hídrico e escorrimento superficial (runnoff). Com estes parametros, a probabilidade do déficit hídrico relativo a evapotranspiração potencial, e, do runnoff sob...
Tipo: Boletim de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Bahia; Probabilidade; Balanço Hídrico; Climatologia; Bioclimatologia; Aclimatação; Climatology; Probability; Water balance.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/132998

Determinação da evapotranspiração em tomate industrial através do balanço completo de água sob diferentes regimes de irrigação.
Provedor de dados: Informação Tecnológica em Agricultura (Infoteca-e)
Autores: MILLAR, A. A.; CHOUDHURY, E. N.; ABREU, T. A. dos S.
Determinou-se a evapotranspiração do tomate industrial sob diferentes regimes de irrigação num oxisol, empregando-se o método do balanço completo de água.
Tipo: Fôlder / Folheto / Cartilha (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Tomate industrial; Tomate; Balanço Hídrico; Evapotranspiração; Irrigação; Tomato products; Tomatoes; Soil water balance; Water balance; Evapotranspiration.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/157893

Incidence de la salinite sur les equilibres de distribution hydrique et ioniques et sur le metabolisme respiratoire dans le muscle blanc, le muscle rouge et la branchie chez le muge Chelon labrosus
Provedor de dados: Institutional Archive of Ifreme (ArchiMer)
Autores: Gallis, J; Piquemal, S; Lambert, J; Sergent, P; Rousseau, V.
Oxygen consumption, water, K super(+) and Na super(+) contents were measured in white muscle, red muscle and gill epithelium in the mullet Chelon labrosus) in relation with the duration of fresh water or sea water (1500mOsm) adaptation. The unit respiratory activities in gill and red muscle where respectively 5 and 3 timesmore elevated than in white muscle. The pericellular K super(+)/Na super(+) ratio of the 3 tissues decreased with the fresh water adaptation duration. In the gill, the intracellular K super(+)/Na super(+) ratio was stable while the parameter decreased strongly in the white muscle. The results are discussed in relation to energetic cost of homocellular regulation and homoepithelial regulation.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Chelon labrosus; Mugilidae; Pisces; Gills; Muscles; Oxygen consumption; Respiration; Ions; Water balance; Osmoregulation; Salinity effects.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1983/acte-1251.pdf

Drought Research Priorities for the Dryland Tropics
Provedor de dados: Open Acess Agriculture Research Repository
Autores: F.R.
Palavras-chave: Crops; Soil water; Transpiration (animals); Water balance; Weather hazards; Drought stress; Harvest index; Leaf area; Water potential.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4045

Agroclimatology of West Africa: Burkina Faso
Provedor de dados: Open Acess Agriculture Research Repository
Autores: M.V.K.
Palavras-chave: Land management; Water balance; Agroclimatology; Evapotranspiration; Climate; Wet season; Temperature; Atmospheric disturbances; Runoff; Climatic zones.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4043

Soil Water Balance in the Sudano-Sahelian Zone
Provedor de dados: Open Acess Agriculture Research Repository
Palavras-chave: Water balance; Soil water; Hydrology; Meteorology; Agrometeorology; Soil physics; Transpiration (animals); Land management; Runoff; Participation.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4100

Modeling the Growth and Development of Sorghum and Pearl Millet
Provedor de dados: Open Acess Agriculture Research Repository
Autores: S.M.
Palavras-chave: Leaf area; Photoperiodicity; Crop modelling; Soil water; Genotypes; Sorghum; Transpiration (animals); Water balance; Dry matter.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4082

Small Watershed Hydrology
Provedor de dados: Open Acess Agriculture Research Repository
Palavras-chave: Runoff; Watersheds; Hydrology; Water balance; Bunding; Resource conservation; Evapotranspiration; Agricultural engineering; Precipitation.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4057

A handbook on the rainfall climatology of West Africa: data for selected locations
Provedor de dados: Open Acess Agriculture Research Repository
Autores: S.J.
Palavras-chave: Latitude; Evapotranspiration; Microclimate; Agroclimatology; Location; Precipitation; Climatology; Water balance; Plant production; Electrophoresis.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3990

Water storage in a Plinthaqualf cultivated with sugarcane under straw levels
Provedor de dados: Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira
Autores: Anjos,João Carlos Rocha dos; Andrade Júnior,Aderson Soares de; Bastos,Edson Alves; Noleto,Donavan Holanda; Melo,Francisco de Brito; Brito,Raimundo Rodrigues de.
Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate water storage in a Plinthaqualf under different straw levels during the fourth ratoon season of a sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) crop. The study was conducted in the 2013/2014 crop season, with the cultivar SP-813250, at two soil depths (0.0-0.3 and 0.3-0.6 m), in a randomized complete block design, with five straw levels (0.0, 4.2, 9.5, 13.0, and 18.4 Mg ha-1) and four replicates. Soil moisture content was monitored with a time-domain reflectometer. The straw provided gains of up to 20 Mg ha-1 stems and kept increased water storage in the soil, in comparison with the soil without straw, in all evaluated periods. Maintenance of up to 50% (9.5 Mg ha-1) of sugarcane straw on soil surface promotes better...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Saccharum officinarum; No-tillage; Soil mulch; Water balance.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-204X2017000600464

Brazilian maize genotypes sensitivity to water deficit estimated through a simple crop yield model
Provedor de dados: Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira
Autores: Andrioli,Kleber Gustavo; Sentelhas,Paulo Cesar.
The objective of this work was to determine the sensitivity of maize (Zea mays) genotypes to water deficit, using a simple agrometeorological crop yield model. Crop actual yield and agronomic data of 26 genotypes were obtained from the Maize National Assays carried out in ten locations, in four Brazilian states, from 1998 to 2006. Weather information for each experimental location and period were obtained from the closest weather station. Water deficit sensitivity index (Ky) was determined using the crop yield depletion model. Genotypes can be divided into two groups according to their resistance to water deficit. Normal resistance genotypes had Ky ranging from 0.4 to 0.5 in vegetative period, 1.4 to 1.5 in flowering, 0.3 to 0.6 in fruiting, and 0.1 to 0.3...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Zea mays; Agrometeorology; Drought resistance; Water balance.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-204X2009000700001

Alternative reference evapotranspiration methods for the main climate types of the state of Paraná, Brazil
Provedor de dados: Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira
Autores: Gurski,Bruno César; Jerszurki,Daniela; Souza,Jorge Luiz Moretti de.
Abstract: The objective of this work was to define the best alternative methods for estimating the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) in the main climatic types (Cfa and Cfb) of the state of Paraná, Brazil. The methods tested were Budyko, Camargo, Hargreaves-Samani, Linacre, and Thornthwaite, which were compared to the ETo calculated with the Penman-Monteith ASCE (EToPM) method, between 1986 and 2015, in eight meteorological stations. The performance of the alternative methods was obtained from the coefficient of determination (R2), index “d” of agreement, index “c” of performance, and root mean square error (RMSE). The Hargreaves-Samani method has a better performance in estimating the ETo for the main climatic types in the state of Paraná. The Camargo...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Climate variability; Irrigation management; Missing climate data; Penman Monteith; Simplified models; Water balance.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-204X2018000901003

Forecasting of the annual yield of Arabic coffee using water deficiency
Provedor de dados: Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira
Autores: Aparecido,Lucas Eduardo de Oliveira; Rolim,Glauco de Souza.
Abstract: The objective of this work was to develop agrometeorological models for the forecasting of the annual yields of Arabic coffee (Coffea arabica), using monthly water deficits (DEFs) during the coffee cycle, in important locations in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. For the construction of the models, a meteorological data set spanning of 18 years and multiple linear regressions were used. The models were calibrated in high- and low-yield seasons due to the high-biennial yields in Brazil. All calibrated models for high- and low-yield seasons were accurate and significant at 5% probability, with mean absolute percentage errors ≤2.9%. The minimum forecasting period for yield is six months for southern Minas Gerais and Cerrado Mineiro. In high-yield...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Coffea arabica; Agrometeorology; Climate; Forecasting; Model; Water balance.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-204X2018001201299

Estimating productivity of water at different spatial scales using simulation modeling
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Droogers,   Peter; Kite,   Geoff.
A clear understanding of the current water balance is required to explore options for water saving measures. However, measurement of all the terms in the water balance is infeasible in terms of spatial and temporal scale, but hydrological simulation models can fill the gap between measured and required data. For a basin in Western Turkey, simulation modeling at three different scales, field, irrigation scheme and basin scale, was performed to obtain all terms of the water balance. These water balance numbers were used to calculate the Productivity of Water at the three spatial levels distinguished to assess the performance of the systems.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water resources; Productivity; Simulation models; Water scarcity; Water supply; Water balance; Performance indexes; Indicators; River basins; Cropping systems; Crop yield; Cotton; Hydrology; Economic analysis; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44568

Policies drain the North China Plain: Agricultural policy and groundwater depletion in Luancheng County, 1949-2000
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Kendy,   Eloise; Molden,   David J.; Steenhuis,   Tammo S.; Liu,   Changming; Wang,   Jinxia.
The report examines the relationships between agricultural policies in the North China Plain, the approaches to water management that evolved from them, the quantity of water that was actually used, and the consequent groundwater depletion beneath Luancheng County, Hebei Province, from 1949 to 2000. To systematically address these relationships, we use a comprehensive water-balance approach. Our results indicate that a single, longstanding policy-that of using groundwater to meet the crop-water requirements not supplied by precipitation-is responsible for the steady rate of groundwater decline.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural production; Groundwater; Aquifers; Water shortage; Irrigation efficiency; Agricultural policy; Crop production; Wastewaters; Water management; Hydrology; Economic development; Crop yield; Cotton; Wheat; Sprinkler irrigation; Water conservation; Water use efficiency; Pumping; Water balance; Vegetables; Rural economy; Irrigated framing; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44560

World water demand and supply, 1990 to 2025: scenarios and issues
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Seckler,   David; Amarasinghe,   Upali A.; Molden,   David J.; de Silva,   Radhika; Barker,   Randolph.
Presents two alternative scenarios of water demand and supply for 118 countries over the 1990 to 2025 period and develops indicators of water scarcity for each country and for the world as a whole. This study is the first step in IWMI's long-term research goal: to determine the extent and depth of water scarcity, its consequences for individual countries and what can be done about it.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Water balance; River basins; Basin irrigation; Water use efficiency; Water supply; Water requirements; Domestic water; Water scarcity; Water demand; Water shortage; Irrigated farming; Productivity; Food security; Recycling; Rice; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61108

Sustaining surface and groundwater resources; Proceedings of the Internatinal Workshop on Conjunctive Water Management for Sustainable Irrigated Agriculture in South Asia, April 16-17, 2002 Lahore, Pakistan
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water resource management; Conjunctive use; Surface water; Groundwater; Models; Crop production; Water requirements; Water balance; Water table; Sustainable agriculture; Environmental sustainability; Supplementary irrigation; Water quality; Rain; Pumping; Salinity control; Remote sensing; GIS; Water scarcity; Farm income; Institutional development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118417

Integrated development and management of water resources for productive and equitable use in the Indrawati River Basin, Nepal
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Bhattarai,   Madhusudan; Pant,   Dhruba; Mishra,   V.S.; Devkota,   Hari; Pun,   Shuku; Kayastha,   R.N.; Molden,   David J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: River basin development; Water transfer; Water rights; Water supply; Water demand; Water balance; Environmental effects; Social aspects; Development projects; Non-governmental organizations; Villages; Water users associations; Conflict; Farmers; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92699

Possible impacts of the transformation of water infrastructure on productive water uses: The case of the Seokodibeng village in South Africa
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ladki,   Marvan; Seshoka,   Jetrick; Faysse,   Nicolas; Levite,   Herve; van Koppen,   Barbara.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Water users’ associations; Water supply; Social participation; Land use; Water use; Villages; History; Domestic water; Irrigation water; Food security; Sanitation; Cost recovery; Project management; Pipes; Water balance; Livestock; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92656

Improved water and land management in the Ethiopian highlands: its impact on downstream stakeholders dependent on the Blue Nile; Intermediate Results Dissemination Workshop February 5-6, 2009, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Awulachew,   Seleshi Bekele; Erkossa,   Teklu; Smakhtin,   Vladimir U.; Fernando,   Ashra.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: River basin management; Watershed management; Farming systems; Water balance; Reservoirs; Water supply; Irrigation requirements; Irrigation programs; Simulation models; Sedimentation; Rainfall-Runoff relationships; Erosion; Soil water; Water balance; Soil conservation; Institutions; Organizations; Policy; Water governance; International waters; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118389

Trees and water: smallholder agroforestry on irrigated lands in Northern India
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Zomer,   Robert J.; Bossio,   Deborah A.; Trabucco,   Antonio; Yuanjie,   Li; Gupta,   Diwan C.; Singh,   Virendra P.
Trees are increasingly grown on-farm to supply wood and biomass needs within developing countries. Over the last several decades, within the irrigated rice-wheat growing lands of northern India, fast-growing poplar trees have been planted on tens of thousands of small farms. Recent debate regarding afforestation has raised the issue that water use is often increased when trees are planted. This ongoing debate focuses primarily on afforestation or reforestation of upland and rain-fed agricultural areas, and off-site impacts such as reduced streamflow. Adoption of poplar agroforestry in northern India, in contrast, is occurring in areas where land and water are already intensively used and managed for agricultural production. This study based on farmer...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Trees; Populus deltoids; Agroforestry; Afforestation; Reforestation; Models; Water use; Water balance; Evapotranspiration; Precipitation; Remote sensing; Irrigation requirements; India; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53067

Poverty reduction through improved agricultural water management; Proceedings of the Workshop on Pro-poor Intervention Strategies in Irrigated Agriculture in Asia Islamabad, Pakistan, 23-24 April 2003
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water management; Irrigated farming; Poverty; Food security; Households; Income; Drought; Forest policy; Natural disasters; Land ownership; Groundwater; Water market; Water balance; Legislation; Tube wells; Institutional development; Crop production; Wages; Economic aspects; Tillage; Water harvesting; Public policy; Surface water; Labor; Exports; Public sector; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118414

Accounting for water use and productivity
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Molden,   David J.
This paper presents a conceptual framework for water accounting and provides generic terminologies and procedures to describe the status of water resource use and consequences of water resources related actions. The framework applies to water resource use at three levels of analysis: a use level such as an irrigated field or household, a service level such as an irrigation or water supply system, and a water basin level that may include several uses. Water accounting terminology and performance indicators are developed and presented with examples at all the three levels. Concepts and terminologies presented are developed to be supportive in a number of activities including: identification of opportunities for water savings and  increasing water...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Water management; Irrigation management; Water supply; Terminology; Performance indexes; Water use; Water allocation; Productivity; Water balance; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113623

Sustaining crop water productivity in rice-wheat systems of South Asia: A case study from the Punjab, Pakistan
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Jehangir,   Waqar Ahmed; Masih,   Ilyas; Ahmed,   Shehzad; Gill,   Mustaq Ahmad; Ahmad,   Maqsood; Mann,   Riaz Ahmad; Chaudhary,   Muhammad Rafiq; Qureshi,   Asad Sarwar; Turral,   Hugh.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Rice; Wheat; Cereals; Irrigated farming; Zero tillage; Watercourses; Water balance; Productivity; Water table; Groundwater; Water quality; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91874

Growing more rice with less water:  Increasing water productivity in rice-based cropping systems – Progress of research, 1 July 2001 to 30 June 2002
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural research; Research projects; Experiments; Rice; Fertilizers; Farmer participation; Irrigation programs; Water balance; Flow measurement; Remote sensing; Cropping systems; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92660

Agricultural water productivity: estimation at plot, farm and basin scale
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Cook,   Simon; Gichuki,   Francis; Turral,   Hugh.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Irrigated farming; Productivity; Estimation; Water balance; Water use; Simulation models; Water use efficiency; Livestock; Fisheries; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91959

What are the effects of climate change on agriculture in North East Central Europe?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Eulenstein,   Frank; Willms,   Matthias; Schindler,   Uwe; Muller,   Lothar; Mirschel,   Wilfried; Dalchow,   Claus; Augustin,   Jurgen; Wiggering,   Hubert.
Global and climate changes influence the basic conditions for agriculture and so there is not only a demand for a consequent climate protection but also for an adaptation of agriculture to these global changing conditions. For the whole "Maerkisch-Oderland" district (60x40 km) within the moraine landscape of North-East-Germany mainly used for agriculture water balance, nitrogen and sulphur loads as well as crop yields are calculated for two land use and climate scenarios. The comparison between the Scenario2050 and the Scenario2000 reveals significant changes of the water balance (decrease in percolation water, increase in actual evapotranspiration) as well as the concentration of the examined nitrogen in the percolation water. For the study region the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change impact assessment; Water balance; Nitrogen load; Crop yield; Moraine landscape; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9256

Improved water and land management in the Ethiopian highlands: its impact on downstream stakeholders dependent on the Blue Nile; Intermediate Results Dissemination Workshop February 5-6, 2009, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Awulachew,   Seleshi Bekele; Erkossa,   Teklu; Smakhtin,   Vladimir U.; Fernando,   Ashra.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: River basin management; Water governance; Environmental flows; Simulation models; Reservoirs; Sedimentation; Rainfall-Runoff relationships; Hydrology; Water balance; Erosion; Soil conservation; Watersheds; Irrigation schemes; Water use; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118388

Spatial and Temporal Potential Groundwater Recharge: the Case of the Doce River Basin, Brazil
Provedor de dados: Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
Autores: Souza,Eliana de; Pontes,Lucas Machado; Fernandes Filho,Elpídio Inácio; Schaefer,Carlos Ernesto Goncalves Reynaud; Santos,Eliana Elizabet dos.
ABSTRACT: Little is known about the groundwater recharge potential of weathered tropical catchments, where increasing water uptake is widespread to meet various water demands. This study aimed to estimate the volume of groundwater recharge of the Doce River Basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The BALSEQ model was applied to calculate the water balance over a period of two years (2007-2009). Evapotranspiration, runoff, and potential groundwater recharge (PGR) were calculated, using daily data on rainfall, potential evapotranspiration, and plant-available water. A soil survey was undertaken for all major soils occurring in the basin. Soils samples were used to determine hydraulic conductivity, bulk density, and water content at field capacity and at the permanent...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Aquifer; Infiltration; Potential recharge; Random Forests Model; Water balance.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-06832019000100501

Dual crop coefficient for the early-cycle soybean cultivar SoyTech 815 RR
Provedor de dados: Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental
Autores: Bariviera,Guilherme; Dallacort,Rivanildo; Freitas,Paulo S. L. de; Barbieri,Joao D.; Daniel,Diego F.
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the dual crop coefficient of an early-cycle soybean cultivar for the city of Tangará da Serra, MT, Brazil, using high-precision lysimeters. The method used was the dual crop coefficient (dual Kc) of FAO Bulletin 56, constitued by soil evaporation coefficient (Ke), determined by microlysimeters, and by basal crop coefficient (Kcb), determined by weighing lysimeters. Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was calculated using the Penman-Monteith equation. Soybean sowing and harvesting were performed in the 2015/16 season with spacing of 0.45 m between rows. The reference evapotranspiration (ETo) estimated for the cultivation period was 267.06 mm; the crop evapotranspiration was 323.61 mm throughout its cycle....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Glycine max (L.) Merril; Water balance; Lysimeters; Microlysimeters.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-43662020000200075

Evapotranspiration and crop coefficient of cucumber in greenhouse
Provedor de dados: Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental
Autores: Blanco,Flávio F.; Folegatti,Marcos V.
The evapotranspiration (ETc) and crop coefficient (Kc) of cucumber in a greenhouse were determined during the winter-spring season in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Crop was irrigated with water of three different levels of salinity: S1 = 1.5, S2 = 3.1 and S3 = 5.2 dS m-1. Electrical conductivity of S1 was obtained only by addition of fertilizers, as fertigation was used, and the S2 and S3 levels in addition to fertilizers received magnesium sulphate, calcium chloride and sodium chloride. Cucumber seedlings, cv. Hokushin, were grafted on squash, transplanted on beds in double rows and directed vertically with a single stem. Irrigation was performed when soil matric potential reached -30 kPa, which was determined by the mean matric potential at 0.15 and 0.30 m...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Water balance; Water flow; Deep percolation; Evaporation pan.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-43662003000200017

Construction and calibration of weighing lysimeters with an automated drainage system
Provedor de dados: Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental
Autores: Sanches,Arthur C.; Souza,Débora P. de; Mendonça,Fernando C.; Maffei,Rodolfo G.
ABSTRACT Quantification of the drained volume is one of the difficulties involved in using weighing lysimeters. Typically, this volume is measured by accessing a moat at the base of a lysimeter. However, it is not feasible to install the moat in small devices. Thus, the aim of this study involves developing, installing, calibrating, and checking the efficiency of small weighing lysimeters with automated drainage systems to test their functionality in field conditions. Each lysimeter is composed of a round PVC water tank with a diameter of 1.22 m and a depth of 0.58 m that is placed over a metal frame with three electronic load cells with the nominal capacity of each cell corresponding to 500 kg. The drainage system is composed of a small reservoir with a...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Evapotranspiration; Water balance; Water consumption.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-43662017000700505

Water balance of a sugarcane crop: quantitative and qualitative aspects of its measurement
Provedor de dados: Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental
Autores: Timm,Luis C.; Oliveira,Julio C. M. de; Tominaga,Tania T.; Cássaro,Fabio A. M.; Reichardt,Klaus; Bacchi,Osny O. S.
The quantification of soil water balance components was conducted in a sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) field differently managed, as well as a qualitative analysis of the methodologies used for their estimation. The study was conducted in randomized block experiment with four replicates and three treatments: bare soil, mulched soil using trash left on the soil surface after harvest, and soil with burnt trash. The soil was classified as a Rhodic Kandiudalf, locally called 'Terra Roxa Estruturada', the experimental area having a slope of 7.4%. Run-off, soil water fluxes at the lower soil volume limit, and soil water storage changes were not affected by the different soil management practices. Furthermore, it was found that the evaluation of run-off and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Water balance; Soil physical properties; Soil management.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-43662002000100011

Construção e calibração de lisímetros de alta precisão
Provedor de dados: Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental
Autores: Faria,Rogério T. de; Campeche,Fernando de S. M.; Chibana,Eduardo Y.
Os lisímetros de pesagem determinam a evaporação ou evapotranspiração pelo balanço de massa de água e são considerados padrões para aferição dos demais métodos. Para a obtenção de medidas confiáveis, sua calibração deve ser realizada no local de uso. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar detalhes da construção de uma bateria de dez lisímetros de pesagem, calibrá-los e testar sua capacidade de medir variações de massa de água em condições de campo. Cada lisímetro tinha dimensões de 1,4 m de largura, 1,9 m de comprimento e 1,3 m de profundidade e era colocado sobre uma balança com alavancas de redução de peso e uma célula carga, cujo sinal era registrado por um sistema de aquisição de dados. A calibração foi feita utilizando-se recipientes de massa...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Balanço hídrico; Evapotranspiração; Uso consuntivo; Water balance; Evapotranspiration; Consumptive use.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-43662006000100035

Development, calibration and validation of weighing lysimeters for measurement of evapotranspiration of crops
Provedor de dados: Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental
Autores: Fenner,William; Dallacort,Rivanildo; Faria Junior,Cleonir A.; Freitas,Paulo S. L. de; Queiroz,Tadeu M. de; Santi,Adalberto.
ABSTRACT The evapotranspiration process is critical to studies on the water balance and water demand of crops and can be determined by several methods. A widely-used method, despite its high installation costs, is weighing lysimeters, which consists of a box over a balance connected to a load cell that monitors variations in the soil-water-plant-atmosphere system. The aim of this study was to develop and calibrate six weighing lysimeters (with dimensions of 1.5 x 1.5 x 1.2 m each) by high precision load cells, testing their ability to measure water mass changes in field conditions and cultivated with common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), in the city of Tangará da Serra, in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. All lysimeters showed coefficients of determination...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Crop coefficient; Water balance; Lysimetry; Water soil engineering.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-43662019000400297

Soil water extraction by roots and Kc for the coffee crop
Provedor de dados: Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental
Autores: Silva,Adriana L. da; Bruno,Isabeli P.; Reichardt,Klaus; Bacchi,Osny O. S.; Dourado-Neto,Durval; Favarin,José L.; Costa,Flávio M. P. da; Timm,Luis C.
Basic information for a rational soil-water management of the coffee crop is still insufficient, particularly under irrigated conditions. Of great importance for the estimation of water requirements of coffee crops are their root distribuition and evapotranspiration crop coefficients. This study compares soil water extraction by roots of coffee plants of the variety "Catuaí Vermelho" (IAC-44), grown in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, 3 to 5 years old, with direct measurements of root dry matter, showing a good agreement between both approaches, and confirming that most of the root system is distributed in the top soil layer (0-0.3 m) and that less than 10% of the root system reaches depths greater than 1.0 m. Calculated evapotranspiration crop coefficients are in...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Perenial crop; Soil water storage; Water balance.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-43662009000300006

Water and small ruminant production
Provedor de dados: Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia
Autores: Araújo,Gherman Garcia Leal de; Voltolini,Tadeu Vinhas; Chizzotti,Mario Luiz; Turco,Silvia Helena Nogueira; Carvalho,Francisco Fernando Ramos de.
Water is a nutrient of extreme importance for animals and must be considered vital in any rearing phase. The increasing scarcity of this precious natural resource has concerned different segments of society in order to find solutions for rational and sustainable use of this nutrient. Small ruminants, especially sheep and goats, have social and economic importance due to their great ability in adapting to adverse environmental conditions and using water efficiently. Thus, they might be a good alternative to mitigate the climate change effects and to generate foreign exchange and improving life condition in many places of the world. The concept of water productivity for livestock production is relatively new and there are few studies in the world, especially...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Climate changes; Goat; Salinity; Sheep; Water balance.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982010001300036

Climatic risk zoning for corn and palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv: Marandu) cultivated in integrated crop-livestock systems in São Paulo state, Brazil
Provedor de dados: Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia
Autores: Santos,Patrícia Menezes; Pezzopane,José Ricardo Macedo; Mendonça,Fernando Campos; Bettiol,Giovana Maranhão; Evangelista,Balbino Antônio; Silva,Fernando Antônio Macena da.
Climatic risk zoning allows the identification of areas of low risk of reduced crop productivity due to climatic events. In Brazil, losses to agriculture due to climate are mainly caused by drought. The objective of this research was to determine areas of low climatic risk for corn and palisade grass cultivated in integrated crop-livestock systems in Sao Paulo state. Corn varieties characterized by a 120-day growing cycle and soil with three different water holding capacities (sandy, medium and clayey soils) were considered. A daily water balance model was used to simulate planting dates between September and December. The water requirement satisfaction index (WRSI) was calculated for critical phenological phases of both cultures (germination, emergence...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Evapotranspiration; Integrated crop-livestock production systems; Rainfall; Water balance.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982012000100006

Global warming and avian occupancy of hot deserts: a physiological and behavioral perspective
Provedor de dados: Revista Chilena de Historia Natural
Autores: WOLF,BLAIR.
Avian adjustments to desert environments are characterized by an integration of behavior and physiology. These responses serve to maintain homeostasis and conserve vital resources such as water. The small size of birds confers a close coupling to the thermal environment and demands rapid adjustments to environmental challenges. Physiological responses to heat stress include hyperthermia, and increased evaporative cooling as environmental temperatures approach body temperature. Behaviorally, desert birds respond to heat stress by drastically reducing activity during the hottest parts of the day and selecting cool shaded microsites. This characteristic behavioral response presents a potential problem in the face of global warming. If birds totally forgo...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Global warming; Hot deserts; Birds; Water balance; Evaporative water loss; Avian distribution.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2000000300003

Evaporative water loss and dehydration during the night in hummingbirds
Provedor de dados: Revista Chilena de Historia Natural
Autores: HARTMAN BAKKEN,BRADLEY; SABAT,PABLO.
Nectar-feeding birds oscillate between avoiding overhydration when they are feeding and preventing dehydration during fasts. Here, we examined how resting rates of total evaporative water loss (TEWL) and metabolic water production (MWP) influence water balance in the green-backed firecrown (Sephanoides sephanoides), a Chilean hummingbird. We hypothesized that a circadian rhythm in TEWL would assuage the dehydration risk that hummingbirds face during the night. However, we did not find support for this idea. In resting hummingbirds, rates of TEWL during the day (54 ±6 µLh-1,n = 8) and night (65 ± 12 h-1, n = 5) were similar. Rates of MWP were also similar between the day (22 ±3 µL h-1, n = 8) and night (23 ± 2 µL h-1, n = 5). MWP rates were significantly...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Circadian rhythm; Evaporative water loss; Hummingbird; Osmoregulation; Water balance.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2007000300001

Water extraction and implications on soil moisture sensor placement in the root zone of banana
Provedor de dados: Scientia Agricola
Autores: Silva,Alisson Jadavi Pereira da; Coelho,Eugênio Ferreira; Coelho Filho,Maurício Antônio; Souza,José Leonaldo de.
ABSTRACT: The knowledge on spatial and temporal variations of soil water storage in the root zone of crops is essential to guide the studies to determine soil water balance, verify the effective zone of water extraction in the soil and indicate the correct region for the management of water, fertilizers and pesticides. The objectives of this study were: (i) to indicate the zones of highest root activity for banana in different development stages; (ii) to determine, inside the zone of highest root activity, the adequate position for the installation of soil moisture sensors. A 5.0 m3 drainage lysimeter was installed in the center of an experimental area of 320 m2. Water extraction was quantified inside the lysimeter using a 72 TDR probe. The concept of time...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Soil water storage; Irrigation management; Water balance.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162018000200095

Climate changes and technological advances: impacts on sugarcane productivity in tropical southern Brazil
Provedor de dados: Scientia Agricola
Autores: Gouvêa,Júlia Ribeiro Ferreira; Sentelhas,Paulo Cesar; Gazzola,Samuel Thomazella; Santos,Marcelo Cabral.
The climatic projections for this century indicate the possibility of severe consequences for human beings, especially for agriculture where adverse effects to productivity of crops and to agribusiness as a whole may occur. An agrometeorological model was used to estimate sugarcane yield in tropical southern Brazil, based on future A1B climatic scenarios presented in the fourth Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report, in 2007. Sugarcane yield was evaluated for 2020, 2050, and 2080 considering the possible impacts caused by changes in temperature, precipitation, sunshine hours and CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, as well as technological advances. Increasingly higher temperatures will cause an increase of the potential productivity (PP), since...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Global warming; Water balance; Agrometeorological model; Sugarcane yield.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162009000500003

Seasonality of soil water exchange in the soybean growing season in southern Brazil
Provedor de dados: Scientia Agricola
Autores: Moreira,Virnei Silva; Roberti,Débora R.; Minella,Jean Paolo; Gonçalves,Luis Gustavo G de; Candido,Luiz Antônio; Fiorin,Jackson E.; Moraes,Osvaldo L. L.; Timm,Andréa U.; Carlesso,Reimar; Degrazia,Gervásio Annes.
The processes of water transfer in the soil-plant-atmosphere system are strongly affected by soil use and management. Differences in the dynamics of soil water transfer between no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) practices during a soybean (Glycine max) growing season in southern Brazil were assessed in this study. All the water balance components were analyzed during the soybean growing season (2009/2010). Rainfall, runoff, soil water storage and hydro-physical soil properties were analyzed under two tillage systems. The land-atmosphere water vapor exchanges, obtained from eddy covariance stations, were analyzed with regard to the soybean agroecosystem. Characterizations of soil water storage were also formulated in the 2006/2007 and 2008/2009...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Water balance; Soil water content; Evapotranspiration; No-tillage; Conventional tillage.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162015000200103

Modelos agro-meteorológicos na estimativa da produtividade da cultura da soja na região de Ponta Grossa, Estado do Paraná - doi: 10.4025/actasciagron.v33i1.5062
Provedor de dados: Acta Scientiarum: Agronomy
Autores: Araujo, Marla Alessandra; UFPR; Souza, Jorge Luiz Moretti de; Universidade Federal do Paraná; Tsukahara, Rodrigo Yoiti; 3Fundação ABC para Assistência e Divulgação Técnica Agropecuária.
O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho de modelos simplificados e agro-meteorológicos na estimativa da produtividade da cultura da soja, na região de Ponta Grossa, Estado do Paraná, visando à previsão e ao planejamento de safras. A região estudada possui Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico e clima Cfb. Os dados de produtividade da cultura da soja (11 safras) e climáticos foram disponibilizados pela Fundação ABC e Simepar, respectivamente. A evapotranspiração de referência foi estimada com o método de Penman-Monteith e os balanços hídricos diários foram determinados com um programa desenvolvido especialmente para esta finalidade. Dentre as inúmeras análises realizadas, os melhores resultados foram obtidos, considerando-se: (a) a...
Tipo: Pesquisa de campo e laboratório
Palavras-chave: 5.01.05.00-0 planejamento de safras; Glycine max; Balanço hídrico Agrometeorologia crops planning; Glycine max; Water balance.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciAgron/article/view/5062

Agrometeorological models for groundnut crop yield forecasting in the Jaboticabal, São Paulo State region, Brazil
Provedor de dados: Acta Scientiarum: Agronomy
Autores: Moreto, Victor Brunini; Rolim, Glauco de Souza.
Forecast is the act of estimating a future event based on current data. Ten-day period (TDP) meteorological data were used for modeling: mean air temperature, precipitation and water balance components (water deficit (DEF) and surplus (EXC) and soil water storage (SWS)). Meteorological and yield data from 1990-2004 were used for calibration, and 2005-2010 were used for testing. First step was the selection of variables via correlation analysis to determine which TDP and climatic variables have more influence on the crop yield. The selected variables were used to construct models by multiple linear regression, using a stepwise backwards process. Among all analyzed models, the following was notable: Yield = - 4.964 x [SWS of 2° TDP of December of the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Agrometeorologia 5.01.05.00-0 crop model; Water balance; Prediction; Production. agrometeorologia.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciAgron/article/view/19766

Modified crop model estimation of depleted and potential soybean yield - doi: 10.4025/actasciagron.v34i4.15274
Provedor de dados: Acta Scientiarum: Agronomy
Autores: Martin, Thomas Newton; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Dourado Neto, Durval; Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo; Vieira Junior, Pedro Abel; Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária; Pereira, Antonio Roberto; Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo; Manfron, Paulo Augusto; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Fitotecnia; Christoffoleti, Pedro Jacob; Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo.
Despite the great importance of soybeans in Brazil, there have been few applications of soybean crop modeling on Brazilian conditions. Thus, the objective of this study was to use modified crop models to estimate the depleted and potential soybean crop yield in Brazil. The climatic variable data used in the modified simulation of the soybean crop models were temperature, insolation and rainfall. The data set was taken from 33 counties (28 Sao Paulo state counties, and 5 counties from other states that neighbor São Paulo). Among the models, modifications in the estimation of the leaf area of the soybean crop, which includes corrections for the temperature, shading, senescence, CO2, and biomass partition were proposed; also, the methods of input for the...
Tipo: Pesquisa, modelagem
Palavras-chave: 5.01.00.00-9 leaf area index; Water balance; Crop model; Glycine max 5.01.03.00-8.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciAgron/article/view/15274

Construction and calibration of a bar weighing lysimeter
Provedor de dados: Acta Scientiarum: Agronomy
Autores: Mariano, Daiane Cinque; Faria, Rogério Teixeira; Freitas, Paulo Sergio Lourenço de; Lena, Bruno Patias; Johann, Andre Luiz.
Generally, standard lysimeters include a lever-load cell scale, which has become expensive compared to new electronic equipment available for experimental purposes. Currently, lysimeters containing weighing bars with up to 4 load cells are economically feasible. This goal of this study was to present the construction and calibration of four weighing lysimeters built using two rectangular tanks, with a surface area of 1.35 m2 (1 m by 1.35 m) and a depth of 1.5 m, loaded on two weighing bars. Each bar had two high accuracy loading cells connected to a junction box and a datalogger by a coaxial cable. Calibration of each lysimeter was performed after field installation. The results showed a linear response (R2 &gt; 0.9999) of electric signal (mV) to mass...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: 5.03.02.00-0 evapotranspiration; Water balance; Soil water engenharia de água e solo.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciAgron/article/view/19368

Estimation of leaching flow using a gee passive capillary lysimeter under controlled conditions
Provedor de dados: Agrociencia
Autores: Lahuathe,Braulio; Rivera,Diego; Arumi,José; Sandoval,Marco.
Knowledge of the dynamic of water in the soil is essential to estimate both the movement of nutrients from the unsaturated to the saturated zone and groundwater contamination. The objective of this study was to compare drained water data from a Gee Passive Capillary Lysimeter (GPCL; Decagon Devices Inc, Pullman, USA) with model simulations in a soil column. Two experiments were set with the GPCL with different sensor settings and initial moisture content. Preliminary evaluation of the measured data was compared with data simulated by a soil-water model (CRITERIA BdP). The first experiment (GPCL1, soil column with disturbed soil and dry soil as initial condition) generated reliable data. The second experiment (GPCL2, soil column with disturbed soil with wet...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Gee passive capillary lysimeter; Water balance; Drainage; CRITERIA model.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1405-31952013000700001

Microclimate and soil moisture in a silvopastoral system in southeastern Brazil
Provedor de dados: Bragantia
Autores: Pezzopane,José Ricardo Macedo; Bosi,Cristiam; Nicodemo,Maria Luiza Franceschi; Santos,Patrícia Menezes; Cruz,Pedro Gomes da; Parmejiani,Renan Suaiden.
In this study, the microclimate changes in silvopastoral systems are quantified at different time and spatial scales and compared with single-pasture systems. The study was conducted in a silvopastoral system in São Carlos, Brazil (22°01' South and 47°53' West). The silvopastoral system consisted of grass pastures [Urochloa (sin. Brachiaria) decumbens cv. Basilik] lined with strips of native trees spaced at 17 m. Continuous microclimate measurements (air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and incident photosynthetically active radiation) were carried out from September 2010 to September 2012 at two positions of the silvopastoral system (2.0 and 8.5 m from the rows of trees) and at a pasture under full sunlight, located in an adjacent area. The...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Solar radiation; Air temperature; Cattle; Water balance; Urochloa decumbens.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0006-87052015000100110

Water balance in karst: case study of the Ribeirão da Onça catchment in Colombo City, Paraná State - Brazil
Provedor de dados: Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology
Autores: Vestena,Leandro Redin; Kobiyama,Masato.
With the objective to analyze the hydrological processes and the water balance, a simplified water balance method and the modified Penman formula were applied to the Ribeirão da Onça river catchment in Colombo city, Paraná State. For the analysis, the data obtained during the monitoring period from 1997 to 2000 were utilized. The results showed that the values of the real evapotranspiration estimated by the method of the simplified water balance were negative for the certain periods and for other period sometimes more than those of the potential evapotranspiration estimated by the modified Penman formula. It implied the existence of significant groundwater recharge from other catchments to the study area, and indicates that the simplified water balance...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Water balance; Evapotranspiration; Karst.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132007000500020

Risk of water surplus in soybean crop on haplic planosol soil in the Central Depression of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
Provedor de dados: Ciência Rural
Autores: Bortoluzzi,Mateus Possebon; Heldwein,Arno Bernardo; Trentin,Roberto; Lucas,Dionéia Daiane Pitol; Righi,Evandro Zanini; Leonardi,Mateus.
ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to identify soybean sowing dates on which there was low water surplus risk. The crop was raised on a Haplic Planosol soil in the Central Depression of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Soybean development simulations and daily water balances were calculated for different sowing dates from August 1968 to July 2012. Water surplus data was subjected to BoxPlot analyses and Scott-Knott tests at a 5% error probability. Exponential, gamma, lognormal, normal and Weibull functions were tested and the best fits to the data were obtained for both subperiods and total cycle. The highest number of fits for the development cycle and subperiods were obtained using the gamma and weibull functions, respectively. For sowing carried out after...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Glycine max; Water balance; Numerical analysis; Probability distribution function.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782017000200205

Köppen, Thornthwaite and Camargo climate classifications for climatic zoning in the State of Paraná, Brazil
Provedor de dados: Ciência e Agrotecnologia
Autores: Aparecido,Lucas Eduardo de Oliveira; Rolim,Glauco de Souza; Richetti,Jonathan; Souza,Paulo Sergio de; Johann,Jerry Adriani.
ABSTRACT Climate is the set of average atmospheric conditions that characterizes a region. It directly influences the majority of human activities, especially agriculture. Climate classification systems (CCSs) are important tools in the study of agriculture, enabling knowledge of the climatic characteristics of a region. Thus, we aimed to perform the climatic characterization of the State of Paraná using the methods proposed by Köppen and Geiger (1928), modified by Trewartha (1954) (KT), Thornthwaite (1948) (TH) and Camargo (1991) and modified by Maluf (2000) (CM), using data from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) model. The results of spatial interpolation (virtual stations) were performed using the Kriging method in spherical...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Water balance; Agriculture; Climatic characterization; ECMWF.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-70542016000400405