Consulta: subjectFacets:"Wildfire"
Registros recuperados: 21
Data/hora: 01/06/2024 16:49:08

The Significance of Context in Community-Based Research: Understanding Discussions about Wildfire in Huslia, Alaska
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Huntington, Henry P; Huntington Consulting; hph@alaska.net; Trainor, Sarah F; University of Alaska Fairbanks; fnsft@uaf.edu; Natcher, David C; Department of Anthropology, Memorial University of Newfoundland; dnatcher@mun.ca; Huntington, Orville H; Alaska Native Science Commission; o.huntington@att.net; DeWilde, La'ona; Yukon River Intertribal Watershed Council;; Chapin III, F. Stuart; University of Alaska Fairbanks; terry.chapin@uaf.edu.
Community workshops are widely used tools for collaborative research on social-ecological resilience in indigenous communities. Although results have been reported in many publications, few have reflected explicitly on the workshop itself, and specifically on understanding what is said during a workshop. Drawing on experience from workshops held in Huslia, Alaska in 2004 on wildfire and climate change, we discuss the importance of considering cultural, political, and epistemological context when analyzing statements made by indigenous people in community workshops. We provide examples of statements whose meaning and intent were, and may remain, unclear, with descriptions of our attempts to understand what was being said by placing the statements in a...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Alaska; Cross-cultural communication; Indigenous knowledge; Wildfire; Workshops.
Ano: 2006

Re-envisioning community-wildfire relations in the U.S. West as adaptive governance
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Abrams, Jesse B; Ecosystem Workforce Program, Institute for a Sustainable Environment, University of Oregon; jabrams@uoregon.edu; Knapp, Melanie; U.S. Institute for Environmental Conflict Resolution, Morris K. Udall and Stewart L. Udall Foundation; previous: Ecosystem Workforce Program, Institute for a Sustainable Environment, University of Oregon; knapp@udall.gov; Paveglio, Travis B; Department Of Natural Resources and Society, University of Idaho; tpaveglio@uidaho.edu; Ellison, Autumn; Ecosystem Workforce Program, Institute for a Sustainable Environment, University of Oregon; autumne@uoregon.edu; Moseley, Cassandra; Ecosystem Workforce Program, Institute for a Sustainable Environment, University of Oregon; cmoseley@uoregon.edu; Nielsen-Pincus, Max; Department of Environmental Science and Management, Portland State University; maxnp@pdx.edu; Carroll, Matthew S; School of the Environment, Washington State University; carroll@wsu.edu.
Prompted by a series of increasingly destructive, expensive, and highly visible wildfire crises in human communities across the globe, a robust body of scholarship has emerged to theorize, conceptualize, and measure community-level resilience to wildfires. To date, however, insufficient consideration has been given to wildfire resilience as a process of adaptive governance mediated by institutions at multiple scales. Here we explore the possibilities for addressing this gap through an analysis of wildfire resilience among wildland-urban interface communities in the western region of the United States. We re-engage important but overlooked components of social-ecological system resilience by situating rural communities within their state- to national-level...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Disaster resilience; Institutions; Learning; Scale-matching; Wildfire; Wildland-urban interface.
Ano: 2015

Setting priorities for private land conservation in fire-prone landscapes: Are fire risk reduction and biodiversity conservation competing or compatible objectives?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Syphard, Alexandra D.; Conservation Biology Institute; asyphard@yahoo.com; Butsic, Van; Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley; vanbutsic@berkeley.edu; Bar-Massada, Avi; Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa at Oranim; barmassada@gmail.com; Keeley, Jon E.; U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Sequoia-Kings Canyon Field Station, Three Rivers, California; jon_keeley@usgs.gov; Tracey, Jeff A.; Western Ecological Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, San Diego Field Station, San Diego, California; jatracey@usgs.gov; Fisher, Robert N.; Western Ecological Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, San Diego Field Station, San Diego, California; rfisher@usgs.gov.
Although wildfire plays an important role in maintaining biodiversity in many ecosystems, fire management to protect human assets is often carried out by different agencies than those tasked for conserving biodiversity. In fact, fire risk reduction and biodiversity conservation are often viewed as competing objectives.  Here we explored the role of management through private land conservation and asked whether we could identify private land acquisition strategies that fulfill the mutual objectives of biodiversity conservation and fire risk reduction, or whether the maximization of one objective comes at a detriment to the other.  Using a fixed budget and number of homes slated for development, we simulated 20 years of housing growth under alternative...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Housing arrangement; Reserve design; Site selection; Southern California; Species richness; Wildfire.
Ano: 2016

Generalizable principles for ecosystem stewardship-based management of social-ecological systems: lessons learned from Alaska
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hansen, Winslow D.; Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; whansen3@wisc.edu.
Human pressure could compromise the provision of ecosystem services if we do not implement strategies such as ecosystem stewardship  to foster sustainable trajectories. Barriers to managing systems based on ecosystem stewardship principles are pervasive, including institutional constraints and uncertain system dynamics. However, solutions to help managers overcome these barriers are less common. How can we better integrate ecosystem stewardship into natural resource management practices? I draw on examples from the literature and two broadly applicable case studies from Alaska to suggest some generalizable principles that can help managers redirect how people use and view ecosystems. These include (1) accounting for both people and ecosystems in management...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Alaska; Bark beetle outbreak; Ecosystem disservices; Ecosystem services; Ecosystem stewardship based management strategies; Kenai Peninsula; King salmon; Regime shift; Resilience; Social-ecological systems; Transformation; Wildfire; Yukon River drainage.
Ano: 2014

A Case for Developing Place-Based Fire Management Strategies from Traditional Ecological Knowledge
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ray, Lily A; Department of Geography, Clark University; Resilience and Adaptation Program, University of Alaska, Fairbanks ; lray@kawerak.org; Kolden, Crystal A; Department of Geography, University of Idaho; ckolden@uidaho.edu; Chapin III, F. Stuart; Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks ; terry.chapin@alaska.edu.
Sustainability science promotes place-based resource management because natural processes vary among ecosystems. When local science is limited, land managers may be forced to generalize from other ecosystems that function differently. One proposed solution is to draw upon the traditional ecological knowledge that indigenous groups have accumulated through resource use. Integrating traditional ecological knowledge with conventional resource management is difficult, especially when the two offer competing explanations of local environments. Although resource managers may discount traditional ecological knowledge that contradicts conventional resource management, we investigate the possibility that these disagreements can arise when nonlocal resource...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Alaska; Climate change; Indigenous knowledge; Traditional ecological knowledge; Wildfire.
Ano: 2012

U.S. wildfire governance as social-ecological problem
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Steelman, Toddi; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan; North Carolina State University, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources; toddi.steelman@usask.ca.
There are fundamental spatial and temporal disconnects between the specific policies that have been crafted to address our wildfire challenges. The biophysical changes in fuels, wildfire behavior, and climate have created a new set of conditions for which our wildfire governance system is poorly suited to address.  To address these challenges, a reorientation of goals is needed to focus on creating an anticipatory wildfire governance system focused on social and ecological resilience. Key characteristics of this system could include the following: (1) not taking historical patterns as givens; (2) identifying future social and ecological thresholds of concern; (3) embracing diversity/heterogeneity as principles in ecological and social responses; and (4)...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Environmental governance; Institutions; Policy; Scale; Social-ecological system; United States; Wildfire.
Ano: 2016

Conservation Policy in Time and Space: Lessons from Divergent Approaches to Salvage Logging on Public Lands
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Robinson, George; University at Albany, State University of New York; grobins@csc.albany.edu; Zappieri, Jeffrey; NYS Department of State, Division of Coastal Resources; jjamzip@superior.net.
A 50-yr precedent was reversed in 1995 when, following a powerful windstorm, salvage logging was disallowed in the protected Adirondack Park State Forest Preserve of New York, United States. Damage from a similar windstorm in 1950 had provoked massive salvage operations, approved by the New York State legislature on the grounds of fire prevention and resource conservation. Following the 1995 storm, state conservation officers and consulting ecologists were prepared with up-to-date assessment tools and a theoretical framework that treated large disturbances as normal ecosystem processes; the executive branch acted in accord with their recommendations to forgo salvage. Prior to these events in New York State, federal forest preserves in western states had...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adirondack Park; Forest disturbance; Forest health legislation; Public land use; Salvage logging; Science and public policy; Wildfire; Windstorm.
Ano: 1999

Deciding Where to Burn: Stakeholder Priorities for Prescribed Burning of a Fire-Dependent Ecosystem
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Costanza, Jennifer K.; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; currently: North Carolina State University; jennifer_costanza@ncsu.edu; Moody, Aaron; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; aaronm@email.unc.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collaborative conservation; Fire management; Longleaf pine; Management liability; Risk; Wildfire; Wildland-urban interface.
Ano: 2011

Suitability of a lumped rainfall–runoff model for flashy tropical watersheds in New Caledonia
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Desclaux, Terence; Lemonnier, Hugues; Genthon, Pierre; Soulard, Benoit; Le Gendre, Romain.
The GR4H lumped hourly rainfall–runoff model was assessed for its integration in a ridge-to-reef modelling framework. Particular attention was paid to rainfall representation, robustness of parameter estimates and ability to reproduce main runoff features. The study was conducted in four tropical mountainous watersheds in New Caledonia, exposed to intense rainfall events, large annual climatic variations triggered by El Niño oscillation, and wildfires. The inverse distance and elevation weighting algorithm outperformed other classical rainfall interpolation methods under data-limited conditions. The time-span of data needed for robust calibration was site-specific and varied from 6–7 years to 10 years, which may be linked to El Niño events and to...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Hydrological model; Ridge-to-reef; GR4H; Rainfall-runoff model; Integrated modelling; New Caledonia; Lagoon; Wildfire.
Ano: 2018
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00455/56681/58466.pdf

History of the landscape of Obihiro city before modern development
Provedor de dados: 19
Autores: 橋本, 靖; 佐藤, 雅俊; 赤坂, 卓美.
　自然環境や生物多様性保全の必要性への認識の高まりから，近年，人為的な緑地造成が行われる機会が増えている。その際，対象地本来の自然景観を参考にすることは，より目的に叶った緑地の造成につながりやすいと考えられる。そこで，帯広市周辺の本来の自然景観を推測するために，明治期の開拓以前の状況を，様々な文献を参考にして考察した。有名な江戸後期の十勝日誌等の記述からは，この地域に広い草原地帯があったことがうかがわれ，また，開拓期の様々な記録からも広い草原の存在が示された。また，黒ボク土の分布との関係からは，本地域での広い草原の存在と，野火の発生の歴史が想定された。このように，開拓前の帯広市周辺は，一面が原生的な森林に被われていたわけでなく，その平野部の広大な河川敷は，主に草原に被われていたものと推測された。そのため，帯広市の平野部において緑地の再生を考える際，森林環境だけではなく，湿性の草原や疎林のような環境も，再生するべき緑地景観の候補として，考えに入れる必要があると考えられる。
Palavras-chave: 帯広市; 開拓; 河川敷; 黒ボク土; 湿地; 森林; 草原; 十勝川; 氾濫原; 野火; Andosols; Floodplain; Grassland; Marsh; Obihiro city; Tokachi River; Wildfire.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/4558

Sensitivity of WTP Estimates to Definition of ‘Yes’: Reinterpreting Expressed Response Intensity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kobayashi,   Mimako; Rollins,   Kimberly S.; Evans,   M.D.R.
Willingness to pay (WTP) estimation typically involves some strategy for mapping nondichotomous contingent valuation (CV) responses onto a dichotomous yes/no dependent variable. We propose a new approach to selecting which responses qualify as ‘yes.’ We apply the proposed method to polychotomous CV data for preventative land management programs in the Great Basin. We also estimate WTP using other methods of response recoding found in the literature. By contrasting the results under different approaches, we demonstrate how and why WTP point estimates vary across recoding methods and discuss the comparative advantages of our more generalized recoding approach that is based on predicted probabilities of ‘yes’ responses.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Great Basin; Invasive weeds; Land management; Polychotomous format; Response intensity; Response mapping; Wildfire; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59332

Firefights and Fuel Management: A Nested Rotation Model for Wildfire Risk Mitigation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lankoande,   Mariam D.; Yoder,   Jonathan K.
Scientists and policymakers are increasingly aware that wildfire management efforts should be broadened beyond the century-long emphasis on suppression to include more effective efforts at fuel management. Because wildfire risks change over time as vegetation matures, fuel management can be viewed as a timing problem, much like timber harvest itself. We develop a nested rotation model to examine the fuel treatment timing issue in the context of a forest environment with both timber value and non-timber values-at-risk. Simulations are performed for a ponderosa pine forest and discussed with a focus on three important aspects of wildfire management: 1) the economic tradeoffs between fuel treatments, suppression, and timber harvest 2) the effects of public...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wildfire; Fuels management; Fire suppression; Optimal rotation; Wildfire economics.; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; D81.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12959

Wildland Fire Hazard and Urban Development Pattern: Why California Civil Code 1103 Fails to Protect Households from Wildfires
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Xu,   Wenchao; Wu,   JunJie.
Recent years have seen mass casualties and severe property damage caused by wildland fires. With increasing housing development in natural-amenity-rich fire-prone areas, human activities not only exert intense pressures on local ecosystems, but also increase difficulties for wildland fire suppression. To cope with wildland fire threats and protect life and property from wildfire, a new California Natural Hazard Disclosure Law (California Civil Code Sec. 1103) went into effect in 1998. Information disclosure required by Sec. 1103 and its related laws is expected to enhance the efficiency of market allocation of land and developments in hazardous areas, making land price and development pattern better reflect the benefit and risk of living in the natural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Wildfire; Land use; Urban development pattern; Income mix; Natural amenity; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49428

Influence of vegetation physiognomy, elevation and fire frequency on medium and large mammals in two protected areas of the Espinhaço Range
Provedor de dados: 103
Autores: Pinho,Fernando Ferreira de; Ferreira,Guilherme Braga; Paglia,Adriano Pereira.
ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to determine the richness of medium and large mammal species in two protected areas of the Espinhaço Mountain Range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil; and to investigate the factors affecting the occurrence of those species. To accomplish that we placed 49 camera traps activated by heat and motion at Rio Preto State Park (RPSP) and 48 at Sempre Vivas National Park (SVNP). We also collected data on three environmental variables: vegetation physiognomy, elevation and wildfire frequency, to evaluate the influence of these factors on species richness and use intensity (inferred from camera trap detection rate) by large mammals. We recorded 23 large mammal species in the two parks combined. The lowest species richness was...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Cerrado; Campo rupestre; Species richness; Use of habitat; Wildfire.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702017000100300

Threats to and viability of the giant anteater, Myrmecophaga tridactyla (Pilosa: Myrmecophagidae), in a protected Cerrado remnant encroached by urban expansion in central Brazil
Provedor de dados: 103
Autores: Diniz,Milena F.; Brito,Daniel.
Urbanization poses a serious threat to wildlife populations inhabiting native vegetation remnants surrounded by the expanding urban and suburban sprawl. The close contact with human activities causes not only direct impacts, such as habitat loss, but also indirect negative effects, such as population isolation, roadkills and anthropogenic fires. The Parque Nacional de Brasília is a large Cerrado remnant almost completely surrounded by the city of Brasília, in central Brazil. Here, we use population viability analysis to model the impacts of urbanization on a population of Myrmecophaga tridactyla (Linnaeus, 1758) inhabiting that park. Our results show that roadkill mortality is by far the most serious threat to the long-term persistence of the giant...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Extinction; Inbreeding; PVA; Roadkill; Wildfire.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702013000200005

Effect of wildfire on soil physical and chemical properties in a Nothofagus glauca forest, Chile
Provedor de dados: 97
Autores: LITTON,CREIGHTON M.; SANTELICES,RÓMULO.
Effects of a wildfire on soil chemical and physical properties in a Nothofagus glauca (Phil.) Krasser forest in the Coastal Mountain Range of south-central Chile were investigated. Response of the soil during the first two years following a wildfire was examined, where data from soil in a burned forest were compared to that in an adjacent, unburned stand. The effects that wildfire have on soil properties in this highly fragmented ecosystem are not well understood, but results from this study suggest similar responses to those found in other mediterranean forest systems. Both physical (bulk density, percent soil moisture, and soil organic matter content) and chemical properties (exchangeable inorganic nitrogen, extractable phosphorus, exchangeable...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Nothofagus glauca; Soil chemical properties; Soil physical properties; Wildfire.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2003000400001

Spatiotemporal variation in fire occurrence in the state of Amazonas, Brazil, between 2003 and 2016
Provedor de dados: 36
Autores: WHITE,Benjamin Leonardo Alves.
ABSTRACT Wildland fires can be responsible for negative impacts on the environment, causing damage to the fauna and flora and increasing the release of greenhouse gases. In the state of Amazonas, wildland fires represent a risk for biodiversity conservation, since more than 95% of the state is covered by Amazon rainforest, one of the largest and most biodiverse tropical forests of the world. This study aimed to analyze the spatiotemporal variation of fire occurrence from 2003 to 2016 in the state of Amazonas, based on data from the AQUA satellite processed by the Brazilian National Institute for Space Research, using the “Collection 5” detection algorithm. The correlation between fire incidence versus anthropogenic and climatic variables was also tested. A...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Hot spots; Fire prevention; Wildfire; Remote sensing.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0044-59672018000400358

Post-fire dynamics of the woody vegetation of a savanna forest (Cerradão) in the Cerrado-Amazon transition zone
Provedor de dados: 39
Autores: Reis,Simone Matias; Lenza,Eddie; Marimon,Beatriz Schwantes; Gomes,Letícia; Forsthofer,Mônica; Morandi,Paulo Sérgio; Marimon Junior,Ben Hur; Feldpausch,Ted R.; Elias,Fernando.
ABSTRACTFire can change the species composition, diversity, and structure of savanna vegetation, thus altering growth and mortality rates. Such changes in the woody vegetation of burned savanna forest were evaluated over four years in comparison to unburned savanna forest. All woody plants with a diameter at breast height &gt; 10 cm were measured in 100 permanent plots. Six months later, 38 of these plots were burned. Three and a half years later, all surviving individuals were re-sampled. Species richness, diversity, and the number of individuals did not change in the burned plots, although they had significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) increases in basal area and mortality rates (5.1% year-1) than the unburned plots (3.0% year-1).Tachigali vulgarishad the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Land-use change; Mortality; Structural and floristic changes; Wildfire.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-33062015000300408

Histological features, starch accumulation and sprouting in the early root development of Jacaranda ulei(Bignoniaceae)
Provedor de dados: 42
Autores: SILVA,PAULO R.D. DA; STEFENON,VALDIR M.
The plant species occurring in the savanna region of the Cerrado biome in Brazil present typical morphological and physiological adaptations to a dry climate with seasonal occurrence of wildfires. In this study, the histological features of the root system, the main sites of synthesis and storage of starch and the initial phases of the bud development were characterized inJacaranda ulei. The anatomical features observed in the root system of J. ulei are related to the needs of the species to survive in the Cerrado. The histochemical analyses demonstrated high synthesis of glucose and glycoprotein after the third day of in vitro culture, in the proximal cells of the cortical parenchyma of the exoderm. Meristematic primordia were observed in the ninth day...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Cerrado Biome; Histology; Savanna; Wildfire.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652014000100271

The influence of fire on the assemblage structure of foraging birds in grasslands of the Serra da Canastra National Park, Brazil
Provedor de dados: 42
Autores: Reis,Matheus G.; Fieker,Carolline Z.; Dias,Manoel M.
Grasslands are the most threatened physiognomies of the Cerrado biome (Brazilian savanna), a biodiversity hotspot with conservation as a priority. The Serra da Canastra National Park protects the most important remnants of the Cerrado's southern grasslands, which are under strong anthropogenic pressure. The present study describes the structure of bird assemblages that directly use food resources in burned areas, comparing areas affected by natural fire to the areas where controlled fires were set (a management strategy to combat arson). The tested null hypothesis was that different bird assemblages are structured in a similar manner, regardless of the post-fire period or assessed area. Between December/2012 and January/2015, 92 species were recorded...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Cerrado biome; Diversity; Environmental management; Prescribed burning; Wildfire.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652016000300891

Green propolis ethanolic extract in bean plant protection against bacterial diseases
Provedor de dados: 65
Autores: Jaski,Jonas Marcelo; Telaxka,Fabio Junior; Moura,Gabriela Silva; Franzener,Gilmar.
ABSTRACT:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the ethanolic extract of green propolis (EEP) in the protection of common bean plants against two main bacterial cultures, bacterial blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli) and wildfire (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci). Experiments on antimicrobial activity were performed, inducing phytoalexins, defense-related enzymes, and disease severity, under concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0%. The EEP presented antimicrobial activity on both phytobacteria, causing a decrease in their development. It has also promoted a linear accumulation of phaseolin in bean hypocotyls according to the EEP concentration used. There was a reduction in the lesion area, which was caused by bacterial blight on bean leaves...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Alternative control; Wildfire; Bacterial blight; Resistance induction.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782019000600151