Consulta: subjectFacets:"Africa"
Registros recuperados: 333
Data/hora: 09/06/2024 09:32:05

Evaluating the Household Level Outcomes of Community Based Natural Resource Management: the Tchuma Tchato Project and Kwandu Conservancy
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Suich, Helen; Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University; Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University; helen.suich@anu.edu.au.
Community based natural resource management (CBNRM) programs aim to link the achievement of conservation objectives with those of rural development and poverty alleviation. However, after more than a decade of implementation in southern Africa, there is remarkably little rigorous analysis of their achievements with respect to these goals. An evaluation of two CBNRM interventions, the Tchuma Tchato Project in Mozambique and the Kwandu Conservancy in Namibia,  measured the impacts at the household level using multidimensional poverty indices. The analysis found no positive impacts on the multiple dimensions of poverty arising from the Tchuma Tchato initiative in Mozambique. In Kwandu Conservancy in Namibia, positive impacts were felt only on household...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Community based natural resource management; Impact evaluation; Mozambique; Namibia; Poverty.
Ano: 2013

Strengthening threatened communities through adaptation: insights from coastal Mozambique
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Blythe, Jessica L.; University of Victoria; jessica.blythe@jcu.edu.au; Murray, Grant; Vancouver Island University; grant.murray@viu.ca; Flaherty, Mark; University of Victoria; flaherty@office.geog.uvic.ca.
Change is a defining characteristic of coastal social-ecological systems, yet the magnitude and speed of contemporary change is challenging the adaptive capacity of even the most robust coastal communities.  In the context of multiple drivers of change, it has become increasingly important to identify how threatened communities adapt to livelihood stressors.  We investigate how adaptation is negotiated in two coastal fishing communities by documenting livelihood stressors, household assets, adaptive strategies, and factors that facilitate or inhibit adaptation.  Declining catch is the most common stressor being experienced in both communities, however, socioeconomic, e.g., disease or theft, and ecological, e.g., severe storms and drought, changes are also...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Africa; Diversification; Intensification; Livelihoods; Small-scale fisheries.
Ano: 2014

Going Transboundary?  An Institutional Analysis of Transboundary Protected Area Management Challenges at Mt Elgon, East Africa.
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Vedeld, Paul; Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Noragric; pal.vedeld@umb.no; Vatn, Arild; Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Noragric; arild.vatn@umb.no.
We analyze institutional challenges for a joint transboundary protected area regime. Employing the case of Mt Elgon in Uganda and Kenya, we use the concepts of fit and interplay to guide our examination in the challenges of the establishment of a transboundary protected area management (TBPAM) regime. Although transboundary regimes are thought to provide better fit for the resources, fitness is a contested phenomenon. The findings are critical to the perceived benefits of the TBPAM strategy in the form of one, fully integrated regional regime. We reveal how such a regime will be seriously constrained by the interplay of complex institutional factors. We moreover find evidence that TBPAM entails a reintroduction of the old top-down conservation paradigms,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Fit; Kenya; Protected areas; Institutions; Interplay; Transboundary conservation; Uganda.
Ano: 2013

Quantifying the Human Appropriation of Fresh Water by African Agriculture
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Alcamo, Joseph; Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel; alcamo@usf.uni-kassel.de.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Agriculture; Blue water; Green water; Hydrological modeling; LandSHIFT; Land-use modeling; WaterGAP.
Ano: 2009

The Social and Environmental Impacts of Biofuel Feedstock Cultivation: Evidence from Multi-Site Research in the Forest Frontier
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: German, Laura; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); L.GERMAN@cgiar.org; Schoneveld , George  C.; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); G.Schoneveld@cgiar.org; Pacheco, Pablo; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); p.pacheco@cgiar.org.
Preoccupation with global energy supplies and climate change in the global North, and a desire to improve the balance of trade and capture value in the emerging carbon market by developing countries, together place biofuels firmly on the map of global land use change. Much of this recent land use change is occurring in developing countries where large agro-ecologically suitable tracts of land may be accessed at lower economic and opportunity cost. This is leading to the gradual penetration of commercial crops that provide suitable biofuel feedstocks (e.g., sugarcane, soybean, oil palm, jatropha) into rural communities and forested landscapes throughout many areas of the global South.   Expansion of biofuel feedstock cultivation in developing countries is...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Biofuels; Environmental impacts; Forest frontier; Latin America; Social impacts; Southeast Asia.
Ano: 2011

The Contributions of Regional Knowledge Networks Researching Environmental Changes in Latin America and Africa: a Synthesis of what they can do and why they can be policy relevant
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Lahsen, Myanna; Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais; myanna@sir.inpe.br; Swap, Robert; University of Virginia; swapper@virginia.edu; McNie, Elizabeth; Department of Political Science, Purdue University; emcnie@gmail.com; Ometto, Jean P. H. B.; Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais; jean.ometto@inpe.br; Schor, Tatiana; Universidade Federal do Amazonas; tschor@ufam.edu.br; Tiessen, Holm; Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research; htiessen@dir.iai.int; Andelman, Sandy; Conservation International; sandelman@conservation.org; Annegarn, Harold; Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa; hannegarn@gmail.com.
We provide a synthesis of what regional scientific research networks in less developed regions of the world can do and why they might be relevant for societal decisions and practice. We do so through a focus on three regional science network initiatives that aim to enhance understanding of the multiscalar dynamics of global environmental change (GEC) regionally and globally, namely the Southern Africa Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000), the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA), and the Inter-American Institute for Global Change (IAI).  With a view to aiding future efforts at regional research network formation, we assess whether and how these three networks enhanced regional science, and the extent to which they sought and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Capacity building; Global change; Latin America; Scientific research networks.
Ano: 2013

Accelerating Deforestation in the Congo Basin Can Pose Climate Risks
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Baidya Roy, Somnath; Duke University; sbroy@duke.edu; Walsh, Peter D; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Primatology; walsh@eva.mpg.de.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Climate change; Conversion to grassland; Deforestation; Logging.
Ano: 2005

Conservation and Development in Latin America and Southern Africa: Setting the Stage
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Romero, Claudia; Tropical Conservation and Development Program, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida.; romero@ufl.edu; Athayde, Simone; Tropical Conservation and Development Program and Amazon Conservation Leadership Initiative, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida.; simonea@ufl.edu; Collomb, Jean-Gael E.; Wildlife Conservation Network; jgcollomb@gmail.com; DiGiano, Maria; Tropical Conservation and Development Program, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida; marimardig@mac.com; Schmink, Marianne; Tropical Conservation and Development Program, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida.; schmink@LATAM.UFL.EDU; Schramski, Sam; Tropical Conservation and Development Program, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida; schramski@ufl.edu; Seales, Lisa; Tropical Conservation and Development Program, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida; lisaseal@ufl.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Complex social-ecological systems; Conservation; Development; Knowledge networks; Local institutions; Economic incentives; Latin America.
Ano: 2012

Evaluating Successful Livelihood Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change in Southern Africa
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Osbahr, Henny; University of Reading and Walker Institute for Climate System Research; h.osbahr@reading.ac.uk; Twyman, Chasca; University of Sheffield;; Adger, W. Neil; Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia;; Thomas, David S. G.; University of Oxford;.
This paper examines the success of small-scale farming livelihoods in adapting to climate variability and change. We represent adaptation actions as choices within a response space that includes coping but also longer-term adaptation actions, and define success as those actions which promote system resilience, promote legitimate institutional change, and hence generate and sustain collective action. We explore data on social responses from four regions across South Africa and Mozambique facing a variety of climate risks. The analysis suggests that some collective adaptation actions enhance livelihood resilience to climate change and variability but others have negative spillover effects to other scales. Any assessment of successful adaptation is, however,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Africa; Climate change; Livelihoods; Resilience.
Ano: 2010

Rural local institutions and climate change adaptation in forest communities in Cameroon
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Peach Brown, H. Carolyn; University of Prince Edward Island; hcpbrown@upei.ca; Sonwa, Denis J.; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); D.SONWA@CGIAR.ORG.
Surveys and interviews were used to understand community resilience in forest-dependent communities facing climate change in Cameroon. Surveys of 232 individuals showed a diversity of formal and informal institutions that relate to most aspects of rural life. Although direct activities related to climate change adaptation were limited, the activities and density of membership in rural local institutions could increase the community&amp;#8217;s adaptive capacity. Twenty-six semistructured interviews were also conducted with representatives of diverse local institutions who had some responsibility for agriculture, forests, conservation, or development. Local governmental institutions had not received any information from the national level and were limited...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Africa; Climate change; Community forests; Local institutions; Resilience.
Ano: 2015

The hedgification of maizescapes? Scalability and multifunctionality of Jatropha curcas hedges in a mixed farming landscape in Zambia
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: van der Horst, Dan; University of Edinburgh; dan.vanderhorst@ed.ac.uk; Vermeylen, Saskia; Lancaster University; s.vermeylen@lancaster.ac.uk; Kuntashula, Elias; University of Zambia; ekuntashula@unza.zm.
We argue that reading the local agricultural landscape is a prerequisite to understanding the plausible local impacts of external drivers for change, such as the introduction of new crops and technologies. Initially driven by a desire to understand the potential for small-scale farmers to produce jatropha biodiesel in a sustainable way, we started to examine how farmers related to trees in different parts of the agricultural landscape. This provided us with insights into small-scale processes of land enclosure and conversion, which indicate that agricultural intensification is taking place. We learned that although the landscape could in theory accommodate a lot of jatropha hedges around existing (maize dominated) arable land, farmers were only creating...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Agricultural intensification; Biofuels; Live fence; Marginal land.
Ano: 2014

Conservation and Unscripted Development:  Proximity to Park Associated with Development and Financial Diversity
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Baird, Timothy D.; Virginia Tech; tbaird@vt.edu.
Decades of research on the social dynamics of biodiversity conservation has shown that parks and protected areas have added hardship to rural communities throughout much of the developing world.  Nonetheless, some recent studies have found evidence of poverty alleviation near protected areas.  To build on these conflicting accounts, I use a comparative, mixed-methods design to examine opportunistic, unplanned, i.e., unscripted, development in indigenous communities near Tarangire National Park (TNP) in northern Tanzania.  I ask the questions: (1) How is proximity to TNP related to community-level infrastructural development?  (2) How has the process of development changed over time? and (3) How is proximity to TNP related to infrastructure-related social...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Conservation; Development; Education; Infrastructure; Tanzania.
Ano: 2014

Indicators for wild animal offtake: methods and case study for African mammals and birds
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Ingram, Daniel J.; School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex; D.Ingram@sussex.ac.uk; Coad, Lauren; Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford; United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre; lauren.coad@ouce.ox.ac.uk; Collen, Ben; Centre for Biodiversity &amp;#38; Environment Research, University College London; b.collen@ucl.ac.uk; Breuer, Thomas; Global Conservation Program, Wildlife Conservation Society; tbreuer@wcs.org; Fa, John E.; Division of Biology and Conservation Ecology, School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University; Center for International Forestry Research; jfa949@gmail.com; Gill, David J. C.; Fauna &amp;#38; Flora International; david.gill@fauna-flora.org; Maisels, Fiona; Global Conservation Program, Wildlife Conservation Society; African Forest Ecology Group, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling; fmaisels@wcs.org; Schleicher, Judith; Department of Geography, University of Cambridge; js525@cam.ac.uk; Stokes, Emma J.; Global Conservation Program, Wildlife Conservation Society; estokes@wcs.org; Taylor, Gemma; Centre for Biodiversity &amp;#38; Environment Research, University College London; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London; gemma.taylor@ioz.ac.uk.
Unsustainable exploitation of wild animals is one of the greatest threats to biodiversity and to millions of people depending on wild meat for food and income. The international conservation and development community has committed to implementing plans for sustainable use of natural resources and has requested development of monitoring systems of bushmeat offtake and trade. Although offtake monitoring systems and indicators for marine species are more developed, information on harvesting terrestrial species is limited. Building on approaches developed to monitor exploitation of fisheries and population trends, we have proposed two novel indicators for harvested terrestrial species: the mean body mass indicator (MBMI) assessing whether hunters are relying...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Bushmeat; Exploitation; Harvest; Indicator.
Ano: 2015

Can Logging in Equatorial Africa Affect Adjacent Parks?
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Baidya Roy, Somnath; Princeton University; sbroy@duke.edu; Walsh, Peter D; Princeton University; walsh@eva.mpg.de; Lichstein, Jeremy W; Princeton University; jwl@princeton.edu.
Tropical deforestation can cause fundamental regional-scale shifts in vegetation structure and diversity. This is particularly true in Africa. Although national parks are being established to protect areas from deforestation and to conserve biodiversity, these parks are not immune to disturbances outside their boundaries. We used regional-scale atmospheric simulation experiments to investigate how deforestation in timber concessions might affect precipitation inside adjacent, undisturbed national parks in the equatorial African countries of Gabon and the Republic of Congo. The experiments revealed a complex response. Some parks showed rainfall reduced as much as 15%, while others showed slight increases. Rainfall inside parks was particularly sensitive to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Deforestation; Logging; Precipitation; Climate change; Africa; Tropics; National park.
Ano: 2005

Compensation and Rewards for Environmental Services in the Developing World:  Framing Pan-Tropical Analysis and Comparison
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Swallow, Brent M.; World Agroforestry Centre; B.Swallow@cgiar.org; Kallesoe, Mikkel F.; World Conservation Union; mfk@iucnsl.org; Iftikhar, Usman A.; World Conservation Union; usman.iftikhar@undp.org; van Noordwijk, Meine; World Agroforestry Centre; M.Vannoordwijk@cgiar.org; Bracer, Carina; Forest Trends; C.Bracer@climatefocus.com; Scherr, Sara J.; Ecoagriculture Partners; sscherr@ecoagriculture.org; Raju, K. V.; Institute for Social and Economic Change; kvraju@isec.ac.in; Duraiappah, Anantha Kumar; United Nations Environment Programme; Anantha.Duraiappah@unep.org; Ochieng, Benson O.; African Centre for Technology Studies; b.ochieg@ilegkenya.org; Mallee, Hein; International Development Research Centre; hmallee@idrc.org.sg; Rumley, Rachael; World Agroforestry Centre; r_rumley2@yahoo.com.
This is the first of a series of papers that review the state of knowledge and practice regarding compensation and rewards for environmental services in the developing world. The paper begins with an assessment of the historical development of compensation and reward mechanisms within a broader context of changing approaches to nature conservation and environmental policy. The assessment shows that greater interest in compensation and reward mechanisms has emerged within a policy context of changing approaches to nature conservation and flexible multi-stakeholder approaches to environmental management. In the developing world, an even greater variety of perspectives has emerged on the opportunities and threats for using compensation and rewards for...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Asia; Compensation; Ecosystems service; Latin America; Payment for environmental service; Rewards.
Ano: 2009

Recent developments in biotech industry outside of the USA and Western Europe: Report from BIO 2005
Provedor de dados: Electronic Journal of Biotechnology
Autores: Bourinbaiar,Aldar S.
The BIO 2005 international convention is the largest gathering of the biotech industry in the world. This year it was held on June 19-22 inside the behemoth Convention Center in downtown Philadelphia, bringing together 18,730 executives, investors, consultants, lawyers, politicians, scientists, and dreamers from 56 countries. More than 500 media representatives covered the event. Biotechnology research and findings presented by countries outside the USA and Western Europe has begun to make a significant impact on these annual BIO gatherings. The achievements of some of these countries are briefly reviewed.
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Africa; Asia; Bioindustry; Biotech; Biodefense; Eastern Europe; Latin America; Pacific; Russia.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-34582006000200002

Analysis of paternal lineages in Brazilian and African populations
Provedor de dados: Genetics and Molecular Biology
Autores: Carvalho,Mónica; Brito,Pedro; Lopes,Virgínia; Andrade,Lisa; Anjos,Mª João; Real,Francisco Corte; Gusmão,Leonor.
The present-day Brazilian population is a consequence of the admixture of various peoples of very different origins, namely, Amerindians, Europeans and Africans. The proportion of each genetic contribution is known to be very heterogeneous throughout the country. The aim of the present study was to compare the male lineages present in two distinct Brazilian populations, as well as to evaluate the African contribution to their male genetic substrate. Thus, two Brazilian population samples from Manaus (State of Amazon) and Ribeirão Preto (State of São Paulo) and three African samples from Guinea Bissau, Angola and Mozambique were typed for a set of nine Y chromosome specific STRs. The data were compared with those from African, Amerindian and European...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Chromosome Y; STRs; Lineages; Brazil; Africa.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572010000300004

Recomendacoes tecnicas para o cultivo de milho e de macunde (caupi) em Sao Tome e Principe.
Provedor de dados: Informação Tecnológica em Agricultura (Infoteca-e)
Autores: EMBRAPA. Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuaria dos Cerrados (Planaltina, DF).
bitstream/item/107020/1/doc-11.pdf
Tipo: Documentos (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Caupi; Macunde; Cultivo; Recomendacao tecnica; Sao Tome e Principe; Savana; Maize; Cultivation.; Feijão de Corda; Milho; Zea Mays.; Vigna Unguiculata; Africa; Savannas; Tropical rain forests.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/549453

Lithospheric modification by extension and magmatism at the craton-orogenic boundary: North Tanzania Divergence, East Africa
Provedor de dados: Institutional Archive of Ifreme (ArchiMer)
Autores: Tiberi, C.; Gautier, S; Ebinger, C.; Roecker, S.; Plasman, M.; Albaric, J.; Deverchere, Jacques; Peyrat, S.; Perrot, Julie; Wambura, R. Ferdinand; Msabi, M.; Muzuka, A.; Mulibo, G.; Kianji, G.
We present a joint analysis of newly acquired gravity and teleseismic data in the North Tanzanian Divergence, where the lithospheric break-up is at its earliest stage. The impact of a mantle upwelling in more mature branches of the East African Rift has been extensively studied at a lithospheric scale. However, few studies have been completed that relate the deep-seated mantle anomaly detected in broad regional seismic tomography with the surface deformation observed in the thick Archaean Pan-African suture zone located in North Tanzania. Our joint inversion closes the gap between local and regional geophysical studies, providing velocity and density structures from the surface down to ca. 250 km depth with new details. Our results support the idea of a...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Gravity anomalies and Earth structure; Africa; Joint inversion; Seismic tomography; Intra-plate processes.
Ano: 2019
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00637/74944/76038.pdf

Astronomically forced variations in western African rainfall (21 N-20 S) during the Last Interglacial period
Provedor de dados: Institutional Archive of Ifreme (ArchiMer)
Autores: Govin, Aline; Varma, Vidya; Prange, Matthias.
This study documents the long-term evolution of western African precipitation during the Last Interglacial (LIG). We compare geochemical records obtained on nine sediment cores from the western African margin to a transient simulation (130–115 ka) performed with an ocean-atmosphere general circulation model and insolation as sole forcing. Good agreement between proxy records and model outputs indicates that long-term changes in western African precipitation largely responded to insolation variations during most of the LIG. After an early LIG dry phase (related to high-latitude iceberg melting or dating uncertainties), boreal summer insolation controlled the intensification of the North African monsoon between 127 and 122 ka, perhaps facilitating human...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Last Interglacial; Africa; Precipitation; Astronomical forcing; Marine sediment cores; Model simulations.
Ano: 2014
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00290/40164/38778.pdf

Biologie et pêche traditionnelle des crevettes pénéides dans l'embouchure d'un fleuve en milieur semi-aride (sud-ouest de Madagascar)
Provedor de dados: Institutional Archive of Ifreme (ArchiMer)
Autores: Laroche, Jean; Benoely,; Siaviri, A.
Traditional fishing using beach seines was studied over a period of one year at the mouth of the Onilahy river. The catches/efforts were recorded on a daily basis, biological sampling and the measurement of hydrological parameters being carried out twice a month. The moderate variations of salinity and temperature (14 &lt; salinity &lt; 35; 25 degrees C &lt; temperature &lt; 30 degrees C) which were observed in the estuary can be explained by the semiarid climate of the area. Four species of penaeid shrimps are to be found on the Onilahy: Metapenaeus monoceros, Panaeus indicus, Penaeus monodon and Penaeus japonicus, which were mainly caught at the subadult/adult stage with a Carapace length between 10 and 50 mm. The presence of these important sizes at the...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Pêche; Estuaire; Dynamique population; Croissance; Taille corporelle; Cycle évolutif; Zone semi aride; Madagascar; Penaeus japonicus; Penaeus monodon; Penaeus indicus; Metapenaeus monoceros; Rivière Onilahy; Afrique; Milieu saumâtre; Macrura; Decapoda; Crustacea; Arthropoda; Invertebrata; Fishing; Estuaries; Population dynamics; Growth; Body size; Life history; Semi arid zone; Malagasy Republic; Penaeus japonicus; Penaeus monodon; Penaeus indicus; Africa; Brackish water environment; Macrura; Decapoda; Crustacea; Arthropoda; Invertebrata.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00097/20828/42822.pdf

Middle to Late Pleistocene vegetation and climate change in subtropical southern East Africa
Provedor de dados: Institutional Archive of Ifreme (ArchiMer)
Autores: Castaneda, Isla S.; Caley, Thibaut; Dupont, Lydie; Kim, Jung-hyun; Malaize, Bruno; Schouten, Stefan.
In this study we investigate Pleistocene vegetation and climate change in southern East Africa by examining plant leaf waxes in a marine sediment core that receives terrestrial runoff from the Limpopo River. The plant leaf wax records are compared to a multi-proxy sea surface temperature (SST) record and pollen assemblage data from the same site. We find that Indian Ocean SST variability, driven by high-latitude obliquity, exerted a strong control on the vegetation of southern East Africa during the past 800,000 yr. Interglacial periods were characterized by relatively wetter and warmer conditions, increased contributions of C3 vegetation, and higher SST, whereas glacial periods were marked by cooler and arid conditions, increased contributions of C4...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Vegetation; Africa; N-alkane; Pollen; Subtropical Front; Mid-Brunhes.
Ano: 2016
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00345/45601/45215.pdf

Geophysical evidence for a transform margin offshore Western Algeria: a witness of a subduction-transform edge propagator?
Provedor de dados: Institutional Archive of Ifreme (ArchiMer)
Autores: Badji, Rabia; Charvis, Philippe; Bracene, Rabah; Galve, Audrey; Badsi, Madjid; Ribodetti, Alessandra; Benaissa, Zahia; Klingelhoefer, Frauke; Medaouri, Mourad; Beslier, Marie-odile.
For the first time, a deep seismic data set acquired in the frame of the Algerian-French SPIRAL program provides new insights regarding the origin of the westernmost Algerian margin and basin. We performed a tomographic inversion of traveltimes along a 100-km-long wide-angle seismic profile shot over 40 ocean bottom seismometers offshore Mostaganem (Northwestern Algeria). The resulting velocity model and multichannel seismic reflection profiles show a thin (3-4 km thick) oceanic crust. The narrow ocean-continent transition (less than 10 km wide) is bounded by vertical faults and surmounted by a narrow almost continuous basin filled with Miocene to Quaternary sediments. This fault system, as well as the faults organized in a negative-flower structure on the...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Seismic tomography; Continental margins: transform; Crustal structure; Africa; Europe.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00255/36670/35278.pdf

Tsunamigenic submarine landslides along the Xauen-Tofino banks in the Alboran Sea (WesternMediterranean Sea)
Provedor de dados: Institutional Archive of Ifreme (ArchiMer)
Autores: Rodriguez, Mathieu; Maleuvre, Clement; Jollivet-castelot, Martin; D'Acremont, Elia; Rabaute, Alain; Lafosse, Manfred; Ercilla, Gemma; Vazquez, Juan-tomas; Alonso, Belen; Ammar, Abdellah; Gorini, Christian.
The active Eurasia-Nubia plate boundary runs across the Alboran Sea in theWestern Mediterranean Sea, where the connection between the Atlantic and Mediterranean water masses occurs. Earthquakes above magnitude M-w &gt; 6 may favour the occurrence of landslides within contouritic drifts in the Alboran Sea. A compilation of recent multibeam data reveals for the first time the distribution of slope failures along the Xauen-Tofino banks, in the southern Alboran Sea. Here, we provide a detailed mapping and description of the morphology of eight Holocene landslides, including volume estimations of the failed mass and the related mass transport deposits (MTDs). The most voluminous landslide mobilized similar to 0.5 km(3) of sediment at the initial stage of slope...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Tsunamis; Submarine landslides; Submarine tectonics and volcanism; Africa.
Ano: 2017
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00474/58560/61118.pdf

La cinématique de l'Atlantique Nord : la question de la déformation intraplaque
Provedor de dados: Institutional Archive of Ifreme (ArchiMer)
Autores: Fidalgo González, Luis.
The main features of geodynamic evolution in the North Atlantic and the lithospheric plates surrounding it have been known for a quarter of a century now.  However, a number of questions raised by the first models published have still not been clearly answered in detail. Among them, the difficulty in adjusting the domain to the north and the south of the Faeroe-Iceland-Greenland ridge should be highlighted. This study addresses the issue by using fracture zones as the main data for our reconstructions. We show that they accurately bound the kinematical reconstructions. They also enable kinematical reorganisation periods to be studied on the scale of oceans, as well as their duration.  Reconstructions carried out on these bases confirm the existence of...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Europa; Africa; North Atlantic; Modelling; Fracture zone; Magnetic anomaly; Ocean crust; Deformation; Plate tectonic; Europe; Afrique; Atlantique Nord; Modélisation; Zone Fracture; Ouverture; Anomalie Magnétique; Croute Oceanique; Déformation; Tectonique Plaque.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2001/these-1205.pdf

Ambient noise Rayleigh wave tomography across the Madagascar island
Provedor de dados: Institutional Archive of Ifreme (ArchiMer)
Autores: Adimah, N I; Padhy, S.
The unusual complex lithospheric structure of Madagascar is a product of a number of important geological events, including: the Pan-African Orogeny, episodes of Late Cenozoic intraplate volcanism and several phases of deformation and metamorphism. Despite this rich history, its detailed crustal structure remains largely underexplored. Here, we take advantage of the recently obtained data set of the RHUM-RUM (Réunion Hotspot and Upper Mantle–Réunions Unterer Mantel) seismological experiment, in addition to previously available data sets to generate the first Rayleigh wave group velocity maps across the entire island at periods between 5 and 30 s using the ambient noise tomography technique. Prior to preliminary data preparation, data from Ocean Bottom...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Seismic tomography; Africa; Crustal structure; Surface waves and free oscillations; Seismic noise.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00600/71184/69539.pdf

Comment on 'A new scheme for the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean and the dissection of an Aptian salt basin' by Trond H. Torsvik, Sonia Rousse, Cinthia Labails and Mark A. Smethurst
Provedor de dados: Institutional Archive of Ifreme (ArchiMer)
Autores: Aslanian, Daniel; Moulin, Maryline.
P&gt;Torsvik et al. recently presented a revised model for the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean. According to these authors, this new plate tectonic model is internally consistent and consistent with globally balanced plate motion solutions and takes into account realistic intraplate deformation. However, this model shows a number of kinematic and geological problems that we underline here, together with some comparisons with the new kinematic model recently proposed by Moulin et al.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Plate motions; Continental margins: divergent; Africa; Atlantic Ocean; South America.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00014/12504/9878.pdf

Lithospheric low-velocity zones associated with a magmatic segment of the Tanzanian Rift, East Africa
Provedor de dados: Institutional Archive of Ifreme (ArchiMer)
Autores: Plasman, M.; Tiberi, C.; Ebinger, C.; Gautier, S; Albaric, J.; Peyrat, S.; Deverchere, Jacques; Le Gall, B.; Tarits, Pascal; Roecker, S.; Wambura, F.; Muzuka, A.; Mulibo, G.; Mtelela, K.; Msabi, M.; Kianji, G.; Hautot, S.; Perrot, J.; Gama, R.
Rifting in a cratonic lithosphere is strongly controlled by several interacting processes including crust/mantle rheology, magmatism, inherited structure and stress regime. In order to better understand how these physical parameters interact, a 2 yr long seismological experiment has been carried out in the North Tanzanian Divergence (NTD), at the southern tip of the eastern magmatic branch of the East African rift, where the southward-propagating continental rift is at its earliest stage. We analyse teleseismic data from 38 broad-band stations ca. 25 km spaced and present here results from their receiver function (RF) analysis. The crustal thickness and Vp/Vs ratio are retrieved over a ca. 200 x 200 km(2) area encompassing the South Kenya magmatic rift,...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Time-series analysis; Continental tectonics: extensional; Africa; Crustal imaging.
Ano: 2017
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00638/75026/75673.pdf

High-resolution estimates of Southwest Indian Ridge plate motions, 20 Ma to present
Provedor de dados: Institutional Archive of Ifreme (ArchiMer)
Autores: Demets, C.; Merkouriev, S.; Sauter, D.
We present the first estimates of Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) plate motions at high temporal resolution during the Quaternary and Neogene based on nearly 5000 crossings of 21 magnetic reversals out to C6no (19.72 Ma) and the digitized traces of 17 fracture zones and transform faults. Our reconstructions of this slow-spreading mid-ocean ridge reveal several unexpected results with notable implications for regional and global plate reconstructions since 20 Ma. Extrapolations of seafloor opening distances to zero-age seafloor based on reconstructions of reversals C1n (0.78 Ma) through C3n.4 (5.2 Ma) reveal evidence for surprisingly large outward displacement of 5 ± 1 km west of 32°E, where motion between the Nubia and Antarctic plates occurs, but 2 ± 1 km...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Plate motions; Africa; Antarctica.
Ano: 2015
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00296/40684/39674.pdf

Advanced insights into magmatism and volcanism of the Mozambique Ridge and Mozambique Basin in the view of new potential field data
Provedor de dados: Institutional Archive of Ifreme (ArchiMer)
Autores: Koenig, Matthias; Jokat, Wilfried.
P&gt;A new plate tectonic model is presented which describes the emplacement of the Mozambique Ridge off southeast Africa as the result of long lasting volcanic activity (140-122 Ma) during the initial opening between Africa and Antarctica. Thus, an oceanic origin for the Mozambique Ridge is proposed. This model is based on a new and systematic high resolution magnetic anomaly data set acquired across the Mozambique Ridge and throughout the Mozambique Basin. Data from the Mozambique Basin allow the identification of Mesozoic magnetic anomalies from M0r to M26 (124.61-155.3 Ma) with previously unmatched accuracy. Small-scale fracture zones are recognized by offsets of magnetic anomalies in the westernmost part of the basin. Additionally, a bend in the major...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Magnetic anomalies: modelling and interpretation; Marine magnetics and palaeomagnetics; Oceanic plateaus and microcontinents; Large igneous provinces; Africa; Antarctica.
Ano: 2010
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00231/34261/32626.pdf

Crustal seismic structure and anisotropy of Madagascar and south-eastern Africa using receiver function harmonics: interplay of inherited local heterogeneities and current regional stress
Provedor de dados: Institutional Archive of Ifreme (ArchiMer)
Autores: Tsang-hin-sun, Eve; Evain, Mikael; Julia, J; Lamarque, G; Schnurle, Philippe.
This study investigates the seismic structure and anisotropy in the crust beneath Madagascar and south-eastern Africa, using receiver functions. The understanding of seismic anisotropy is essential for imaging past and present deformation in the lithosphere-asthenosphere system. In the upper mantle, seismic anisotropy mainly results from the orientation of olivine, which deforms under tectonic (fossil anisotropy) or flow processes (in the asthenosphere). In the crust, the crystallographic alignment of amphiboles, feldspars(plagioclase) or micas or the alignment of heterogeneities such as fractures, add to a complex geometry, which results in challenges to understanding the Earth's shallow structure. The decomposition of receiver functions into back-azimuth...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Crustal seismic anisotropy; Inherited structural heterogeneities; Crustal stress; Receiver function harmonics; Madagascar; Africa; EARS.
Ano: 2021
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00686/79843/82668.pdf

Crustal structure of the eastern Algerian continental margin and adjacent deep basin: implications for late Cenozoic geodynamic evolution of the western Mediterranean
Provedor de dados: Institutional Archive of Ifreme (ArchiMer)
Autores: Bouyahiaoui, B.; Sage, F.; Abtout, A.; Klingelhoefer, Frauke; Yelles-chaouche, K.; Schnuerle, P.; Marok, A.; Deverchere, Jacques; Arab, M.; Galve, A.; Collot, J.y.
We determine the deep structure of the eastern Algerian basin and its southern margin in the Annaba region (easternmost Algeria), to better constrain the plate kinematic reconstruction in this region. This study is based on new geophysical data collected during the SPIRAL cruise in 2009, which included a wide-angle, 240-km-long, onshore–offshore seismic profile, multichannel seismic reflection lines and gravity and magnetic data, complemented by the available geophysical data for the study area. The analysis and modelling of the wide-angle seismic data including refracted and reflected arrival travel times, and integrated with the multichannel seismic reflection lines, reveal the detailed structure of an ocean-to-continent transition. In the deep basin,...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Tomography; Composition of the oceanic crust; Continental margins; Divergent; Africa.
Ano: 2015
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00269/38016/36103.pdf

Seismic imaging of the eastern Algerian margin off Jijel: integrating wide-angle seismic modelling and multichannel seismic pre-stack depth migration
Provedor de dados: Institutional Archive of Ifreme (ArchiMer)
Autores: Mihoubi, A.; Schnurle, Philippe; Benaissa, Z.; Badsi, M.; Bracene, R.; Djelit, H.; Geli, Louis; Sage, F.; Agoudjil, A.; Klingelhoefer, Frauke.
This study presents the results of a deep seismic survey across the north Algerian margin, based on the combination of 2-D multichannel and wide-angle seismic data simultaneously recorded by 41 ocean bottom seismometers deployed along a north-south line extending 180 km off Jijel into the Algerian offshore basin, and 25 land stations deployed along a 100-km-long line, cutting through the Lesser Kabylia and the Tellian thrust-belt. The final model obtained using forward modelling of the wide-angle data and pre-stack depth migration of the seismic reflection data provides an unprecedented view of the sedimentary and crustal structure of the margin. The sedimentary layers in the Algerian basin are 3.75 km thick to the north and up to 4.5-5 km thick at the...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Tomography; Continental margins: divergent; Africa.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00217/32836/32150.pdf

Updated geographic range maps for giraffe, Giraffa spp., throughout sub‐Saharan Africa, and implications of changing distributions for conservation
Provedor de dados: Institutional Archive of Ifreme (ArchiMer)
Autores: O'Connor, David; Stacy‐dawes, Jenna; Muneza, Arthur; Fennessy, Julian; Gobush, Kathleen; Chase, Michael J.; Brown, Michael B.; Bracis, Chloe; Elkan, Paul; Zaberirou, Abdoul Razazk Moussa; Rabeil, Thomas; Rubenstein, Dan; Becker, Matthew S.; Phillips, Samantha; Stabach, Jared A.; Leimgruber, Peter; Glikman, Jenny A.; Ruppert, Kirstie; Masiaine, Symon; Mueller, Thomas.
Giraffe populations have declined in abundance by almost 40% over the last three decades, and the geographic ranges of the species (previously believed to be one, now defined as four species) have been significantly reduced or altered. With substantial changes in land uses, loss of habitat, declining abundance, translocations, and data gaps, the existing geographic range maps for giraffe need to be updated. We performed a review of existing giraffe range data, including aerial and ground observations of giraffe, existing geographic range maps, and available literature. The information we collected was discussed with and validated by subject‐matter experts. Our updates may serve to correct inaccuracies or omissions in the baseline map, or may reflect actual...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Aerial survey; Africa; Decline; Endangered; Geographic range; Giraffe; Spatial ecology.
Ano: 2019
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00509/62106/66281.pdf

Post-exposure treatment of Ebola virus using passive immunotherapy: proposal for a new strategy
Provedor de dados: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases
Autores: Chippaux,Jean-Philippe; Boyer,Leslie V; Alagón,Alejandro.
Background Better treatments are urgently needed for the management of Ebola virus epidemics in Equatorial Africa. Methods We conducted a systematic review of the literature on the use of passive immunotherapy for the treatment or prevention of Ebola virus disease. We placed findings from this review into the context of passive immunotherapy currently used for venom-induced disease, and recent improvements in manufacturing of polyvalent antivenom products. Results Passive immunotherapy appears to be one of the most promising specific treatments for Ebola. However, its potential has been incompletely evaluated, considering the overall experience and recent improvement of immunotherapy. Development and use of heterologous serum derivatives could protect...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ebola; Epidemics; Immunotherapy; Prophylaxis; Africa.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992015000100203

Delayed double reading of whole blood clotting test (WBCT) results at 20 and 30 minutes enhances diagnosis and treatment of viper evenomation
Provedor de dados: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases
Autores: Benjamin,Jordan Max; Chippaux,Jean-Philippe; Sambo,Bio Tamou; Massougbodji,Achille.
Abstract  Background The whole blood clotting test (WBCT) is a simple test of coagulation that is often used in the assessment, diagnosis, and therapeutic monitoring of snakebite patients in sub-Saharan Africa. WBCT requires only a clean glass tube and several milliliters of venous blood and is ideal for use in poorly equipped health centers throughout the rural areas where 95% of snakebites occur. However, questions surrounding the accuracy and reliability of the test remain unanswered due to variations in testing conditions and a lack of comparative research with which to validate them. This is the first study to evaluate WBCT results at both 20-min (WBCT20) and 30-min (WBCT30) reading times in the same group of snakebite patients.  Methods In order to...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Africa; Snakebite; Echis; Envenomation; Whole blood clotting test; WBCT; Venom-induced consumption coagulopathy; Carpet viper; Saw-scaled viper.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992018000100308

Yellow fever in Africa and the Americas: a historical and epidemiological perspective
Provedor de dados: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases
Autores: Chippaux,Jean-Philippe; Chippaux,Alain.
Abstract Yellow fever was transported during the slave trade in the 15th and 16th centuries from Africa to the Americas where the virus encountered favorable ecological conditions that allowed creation of a sustainable sylvatic cycle. Despite effective vector control and immunization programs for nearly a century, yellow fever epidemics reemerged in many Latin American countries, particularly Brazil. The emergence or reemergence of vector-borne diseases encompasses many intricate factors. Yellow fever outbreaks occur if at least three conditions are fulfilled: the introduction of the virus into a non-immune human community, presence of competent and anthropophilic vectors and insufficiency of prevention and/or adequate management of the growing outbreak....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Yellow fever; Aedes aegypti; Haemagogus sp.; Sabethes sp. Vector; Arbovirus; Epidemiology; Brazil; Latin America; Africa.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992018000100207

Use of antivenoms for the treatment of envenomation by Elapidae snakes in Guinea, Sub-Saharan Africa
Provedor de dados: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases
Autores: Baldé,Mamadou C; Chippaux,Jean-Philippe; Boiro,Mamadou Y; Stock,Roberto P; Massougbodji,Achille.
Background In Guinea Elapids are responsible for 20% of envenomations. The associated case fatality rate (CFR) ranged 15-27%, irrespective of treatment. Results We studied 77 neurotoxic envenomations divided in 3 groups: a set of patients that received only traditional or symptomatic treatments, and two other groups that received either 2 or 4 initial vials of Antivipmyn® Africa renewed as necessary. CFR was 27.3%, 15.4% and 17.6%, respectively. Although antivenom treatment was likely to reduce CFR, it didn’t seem to have an obvious clinical benefit for the patients, suggesting a low treatment efficacy. Mean delay to treatment or clinical stages were not significantly different between the patients who recovered and the patients who died, or between...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Elapid; Neurotoxins; Treatment; Antivenom; Guinea; Africa.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992013000100304

Outbreaks of Ebola virus disease in Africa: the beginnings of a tragic saga
Provedor de dados: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases
Autores: Chippaux,Jean-Philippe.
The tremendous outbreak of Ebola virus disease occurring in West Africa since the end of 2013 surprises by its remoteness from previous epidemics and dramatic extent. This review aims to describe the 27 manifestations of Ebola virus that arose after its discovery in 1976. It provides an update on research on the ecology of Ebola viruses, modes of contamination and human transmission of the disease that are mainly linked to close contact with an infected animal or a patient suffering from the disease. The recommendations to contain the epidemic and challenges to achieve it are reminded.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ebola; Outbreak; Virus; Hemorrhagic fever; Africa.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992014000200209

Snakebite on the hand: lessons from two clinical cases illustrating difficulties of surgical indication
Provedor de dados: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases
Autores: Gras,S; Plantefève,G; Baud,F; Chippaux,JP.
Snakebite is a particularly important health problem in rural areas of tropical regions. A large number of victims survive with permanent physical sequelae due to local tissue necrosis. However, necrosis may be associated with compartment syndrome especially when the bite is on the hands or feet. Herein, we describe two cases reported at a rural district hospital in Central African Republic. The present study suggests that active multidisciplinary management may improve patient prognosis while evidencing how difficult it is to decide on surgical intervention.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/report
Palavras-chave: Snakebite; Africa; Compartment syndrome; Surgery.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992012000400019

The 6th international conference on envenomation by Snakebites and Scorpion Stings in Africa: a crucial step for the management of envenomation
Provedor de dados: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases
Autores: Chippaux,Jean-Philippe; Akaffou,Marc Hermann; Allali,Bernard Kouadio; Dosso,Mireille; Massougbodji,Achille; Barraviera,Benedito.
Abstract During the 6th International Conference on Envenomation by Snakebites and Scorpion Stings in Africa held in Abidjan, from 1 to 5 June 2015, the measures for the management of envenomation were discussed and new recommendations were adopted by the participants. The high incidence and severity of this affliction were confirmed by several studies conducted in African countries. The poor availability of antivenom, particularly because of the cost, was also highlighted. Some experiences have been reported, mainly those regarding the financial support of antivenom in Burkina Faso (more than 90 %) and Togo (up to 60 %) or the mandatory reporting of cases in Cameroon. Key recommendations concerned: improvement of epidemiological information based on case...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other
Palavras-chave: Envenomation; Antivenom; Epidemiology; Drug policy; Africa.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992016000100101

The Systematist's Muse – two new damselfly species from 'Elisabetha' in the Congo Basin (Odonata: Chlorocyphidae, Platycnemididae)
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Dijkstra, K.-D.B.
Platycypha eliseva spec. nov. and Mesocnemis saralisa spec. nov. are described from Lokutu (formerly Elisabetha) in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The taxonomy and distribution of Platycypha and Mesocnemis are discussed and keys are provided for the males.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Odonata; Zygoptera; Dragonfly; Platycypha; Mesocnemis; Taxonomy; Systematics; Africa; 42.75.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/261760

Monograph of African Costaceae
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Maas-van de Kamer, H.; Maas, P.J.M.; Wieringa, J.J.; Specht, C.D.
A taxonomic revision of the African genera of Costaceae (Costus and Paracostus) is given. Within the genus Costus 24 species are recognized, 8 of which are here described as new and one is given a new name. Included are chapters on the history of the taxonomy of the family, morphology, flower biology, pollination, dispersal, distribution, ecology, phylogeny and molecular studies and conservation. The species treatments include descriptions, full synonymy, geographical and ecological notes and taxonomic notes. For all species distribution maps are provided. A complete identification list with all exsiccatae studied and an index to scientific names is included at the end.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Africa; Costus; History; Morphology; Paracostus; Phylogeny; Taxonomy.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/621671

Diopsis (Diopsidae, Diptera) with unusual wing spots: two new species from Malawi with a longer eye span in females than in males
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Feijen, H.R.; Feijen, C.
Diopsis malawiensis spec. nov. and D. vanbruggeni spec. nov. are described from Malawi. Subgeneric grouping of Diopsis Linnaeus, 1775, is briefly discussed, but the genus awaits revision. A redescription is given of Diopsis micronotata Brunett i, 1926, from the D.R. of Congo, as this species might be confused with D. vanbruggeni. The two new species and D. micronotata are closely related and are tentatively placed in the absens Brunett i group. Diopsis surcoufi Séguy, 1955, from Mozambique and Tanzania, is redescribed because of its superficial resemblance to D. malawiensis. All four species are characterised by tiny, but distinct, apical or subapical wing spots. In D. malawiensis, D. micronotata and D. vanbruggeni, eye span is, in absolute and relative...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Diopsidae; Diptera; Diopsis; New species; Redescriptions; Africa; Sexual dimorphism; 42.75.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/311948

Novitates Gabonenses 61. A new rare endemic Calvoa (Melastomataceae) from Mbe National Park, Gabon
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Leal, M.E.
A new species of Calvoa from the Mbe National Park, Monts de Cristal is described.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Calvoa; Melastomataceae; Africa; Gabon; Taxonomy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/525908

The anatomy and phylogeny of the African land snail Limicena Connolly, 1925 (Pulmonata: Cerastidae)
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Mordan, P.
An investigation of the anatomy of Limicena confirms its position as a monotypic genus in the Cerastidae. Phylogenetic analysis places Limicena as the most plesiomorphic member of a clade characterised by a pseudosigmurethrous excretory system, the more advanced members of which are Rhachistia, Amimopina and Edouardia. Its position at the base of such a widely dispersed, advanced clade with apparently xerophilic adaptations lends support to a dispersalist hypothesis for the extra-Afrotropical distribution of the Cerastidae.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Pulmonata; Orthurethra; Cerastidae; Limicena; Anatomy; Pseudosigmurethrous condition; Biogeography; Africa; Parsimony analysis; 42.73.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/215076

Disjunct Hepaticae in tropical America and Africa
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Gradstein, S.R.; Pócs, T.; Váňa, J.
An increasingly large number of macrodisjunct species is emerging from recent literature dealing with taxonomy and floristics of tropical bryophytes. This paper reviews present knowledge concerning Afro-American disjunctions in Hepaticae and seeks to interprete the data in the light of current phytogeographical theory. Numerous new floristic records and range extensions are given and some taxonomic novelties are proposed. For 35 Afro-American species known three main distribution types are recognized, each further subdivided: Tropical Afro-American (lowland, montane and the alpine element), Subtropical-Mediterranean (southern, wide element) and Temperate-Subantarctic (southern, wide element). Most species belong to Jungermanniales except for the...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Africa; America; Disjunction; Dispersal; Hepaticae; Plate tectonics; Phytogeography.; Taxonomy; Vicariants.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/535250

A new species of Coccinia (Cucurbitaceae) from West Africa
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Jongkind, C.C.H.
A new Coccinia species from the forests of Liberia, Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana is described.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Coccinia; Cucurbitaceae; Africa; Taxonomy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/525155

A new species and a new name for a subspecies of Clerodendrum (Lamiaceae) from Africa
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Jongkind, C.C.H.
Clerodendrum atlanticum Jongkind and C. cephalanthum Oliv. subsp. occidentale Jongkind are described and illustrated.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Lamiaceae; Clerodendrum; Taxonomy; Africa.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/525981

Endocarp morphology of African Celtis (Celtidaceae/Ulmaceae)
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Sattarian, A.; Maesen, L.J.G. van der.
Endocarp morphology of 14 species of mainly African Celtis was examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. Macro- and micro-morphological characters included endocarp shape, colour, size, surrounding rim and SEM examination of the outer layer of the endocarp. Different classes of shape and sculpture were recognised. A key for the identification of the investigated taxa based on endocarp characters is provided.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Celtis; Africa; Endocarp; Sculpture; Shape.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/524593

Taxonomic novelties in the genus Campylospermum (Ochnaceae)
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Bissiengou, P.; Chatrou, L.W.; Wieringa, J.J.; Sosef, M.S.M.
Four new species, one with two subspecies, of the genus Campylospermum are described, all endemic or sub-endemic to Gabon. These are C. auriculatum, C. gabonensis, C. gabonensis subsp. australis, C. glaucifolium and C. occidentalis. Distribution maps and scans of the holotypes are provided as well as preliminary IUCN Red List assessments. New combinations for nine species formerly assigned to the genus Ouratea and/or Gomphia are proposed: C. andongensis, C. glomeratum, C. longestipulatum, C. lunzuensis, C. lutambensis, C. nutans, C. plicatum and C. warneckei. Finally, one taxon is raised from the variety to species level, leading to the new combination C. costatum.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Africa; Campylospermum; Conservation; Gabon; Gomphia; IUCN Red List; Ochnaceae; Ouratea; Taxonomy.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/525772

Costigulella primennilus spec. nov., a new minute western African terrestrial snail, with remarks on the genus Costigulella (Gastropoda Pulmonata: Streptaxidae)
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Winter, A.J. de.
Costigulella primennilus spec. nov. is the first representative of Costigulella reported from Cameroon. It is probably the smallest species of the family Streptaxidae known world-wide. Arguments are provided to consider Costigulella an independent radiation and genus, rather than a subgenus of Gulella. The mode of development of apertural barriers in juvenile shells in Costigulella and in other Streptaxidae is discussed.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Mollusca; Gastropoda; Gulella; Costigulella; New status; New species; Distribution; Africa; Cameroon; Shell development; Apertural barriers; 42.73.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/261785

Novitates Gabonenses 63. Illigera Cava (Hernandiaceae), a new species from Gabon and Congo (Brazzaville)
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Breteler, F.J.; Wieringa, J.J.
Illigera cava, endemic to Lower Guinea, is described, illustrated, and mapped. The new taxon brings the number of African Illigera species to four. Maps, and a key to the four species of Africa are presented.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Hernandiaceae; Illigera; New species; Africa; Lower Guinea.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/526227

Novitates Gabonenses 52. A new variety within the Sporobolus indicus complex (Gramineae)
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Sosef, M.S.M.; Ngok Banak, L.
Within the polymorphic S. indicus complex a new variety, var. saxicola Sosef &amp; Ngok Banak, is being distinguished, based on its small habit, short and narrow leaves and especially its lax panicle with short primary branches.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Sporobolus; Grasses; Inselbergs; Taxonomy; Africa; Gabon.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/524798

Kyllinga cataphyllata (Cyperaceae), a new species from the highlands of West and Central Africa
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Huygh, W.; Schouppe, D.; Larridon, I.; Simpson, D.A.; Goetghebeur, P.
Kyllinga cataphyllata, a new species of Cyperaceae from the highlands of Western and Central Africa, is described and illustrated. This new species is easy recognized by the ascending rhizome densely covered by large cataphylls. The head-like inflorescence consisting of a single spike with spikelets made up of two to three glumes and only one flower, and the glumes characterized by a spinulose greenish keel. It is closely related to K. brevifolia, but differs in having conspicuous cataphylls, glumes with a strongly toothed keel and an asymmetrical pedicel to the nutlet.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Africa; Cyperaceae; Highland flora; Kyllinga.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/525316

Redefinition of Thapsia Albers, 1860, and description of three more helicarionoid genera from western Africa (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora)
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Winter, A.J. de.
As presently used, the helicarionoid genus Thapsia Albers, 1860 embraces a large, heterogeneous assemblage of species. As a first step in the revision of this group of taxa, the genus Thapsia (type species Helix troglodytes Morelet, 1848) is redefined anatomically and conchologically. In the absence of alcohol-preserved material of T. troglodytes, Thapsia ebimimbangana spec. nov. from Cameroon and T. wieringai spec. nov. from Gabon are described to characterize the soft parts morphology of Thapsia. Three new genera are introduced, viz. Saphtia gen. nov. (type species S. granulosa spec. nov.), Pseudosaphtia gen. nov. (type species P. brunnea spec. nov.) and Vanmolia gen. nov. (type species Thapsia sjoestedti d’Ailly, 1896). A second species of Saphtia, S....
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Cameroon; Côte d'Ivoire; Gabon; Africa; Gastropoda; Taxonomy; Land snails; Helicarionoidea; Thapsia; Saphtia; Pseudosaphtia; Vanmolia; Urocyclidae; 42.73.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/273964

Taxonomic novelties in African Dracaena (Dracaenaceae)
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Damen, T.H.J.; Burg, W.J. van der; Wiland-Szymańska, J.; Sosef, M.S.M.
In preparing the treatment of Dracaena for Flore du Gabon and Flore d’Afrique centrale, a relatively high number of taxonomic and nomenclatural novelties were discovered; these are presented here. Within Dracaena five species and one forma are described as new, D. bushii, D. haemanthoides, D. marina, D. wakaensis, D. waltersiae and D. laxissima forma aureilicia. Each new species is provided with a full description and taxonomic notes. Apart from that, five species are reinstated, D. braunii, D. nitens, D. perrottetii, D. tholloniana and D. usambarensis. A further 23 names are treated here as a synonym for the first time: D. bequaertii, D. buettneri, D. cuspidibracteata, D. densifolia, D. gabonica, D. gazensis, D. ledermannii, D. letestui, D. litoralis, D....
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Africa; Central Africa; Dracaena; Gabon; Lucky Bamboo; New species; Taxonomy.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/650130

Revision of the African genus Heckeldora (Meliaceae)
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Wilde, J.J.F.E. de.
The African genus Heckeldora (Meliaceae) is revised. Contrary to earlier views the widespread and variable H. staudtii is shown to consist of four distinct entities, each worthy of specific status. Heckeldora zenkeri is therefore re-instated and two other species, originally described in the much larger genus Guarea, and formerly also considered conspecific with H. staudtii, are resurrected and formally transferred to Heckeldora. In addition, two new species, H. jongkindii J.J. de Wilde from Liberia and H. trifoliolata J.J. de Wilde from Gabon are recognized and described. Heckeldora mangenotiana is transferred to Guarea and the new combination made. A key to the six Heckeldora species now recognized is provided and maps of their distribution are presented.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Guarea; Heckeldora; Meliaceae; Africa; Revision; Taxonomy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/524929

The correct name for Pentas schimperiana is Pentas schimperi (Rubiaceae)
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Wieringa, J.J.
As so far nobody considered the name Mussaenda schimperi Hochst. to be validly published, combinations of the superfluous name Vignaldia schimperiana A.Rich. became in use. The correct combination for this species in Pentas and that for one subspecies is presented here.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Rubiaceae; Pentas; Schimper; Africa; Ethiopia; Nomenclature.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/526008

A new species of Coelocraera (Coleoptera: Histeridae) from Ruanda
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Kanaar, P.
The new species Coelocraera tuberiventer is described and figured. Its position within the genus Coelocraera is discussed.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Coleoptera; Histeridae; Coelocraera; Myrmecophiles; Ruanda; Africa; 42.75.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/318019

DNA barcodes, expanded distribution, and redescription of Apanteles hemara Nixon, 1965 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), a potential biocontrol species   against amaranth leaf-webbers in Africa
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Fernandez-Triana, J.; Beaudin, M.; Achterberg, K. van; Agbodzavu, M.K.; Othim, S.T.O.; Nyamu, F.W.; Fiaboe, K.K.M.
The microgastrine parasitoid wasp Apanteles hemara Nixon, 1965, is currently being considered as a potential biocontrol agent of amaranth leaf-webber pests in Africa. To facilitate future research and identification of the species, we characterize it from an integrative taxonomy perspective by providing a comprehensive morphological redescription, extensive illustrations (including the first images of the holotype), DNA barcodes, wasp biology, host data (Choreutidae and Crambidae caterpillars), and updated geographical distribution of the species (including eight new country records). Despite a wide distribution across four major biogeographical regions (mostly within the Old World tropics), the species seems to be relatively uniform from a molecular and...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Microgastrinae; Amaranthus; Biocontrol; DNA barcode; Geographical distribution; Africa.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/643636

Revision of Millettia section Truncaticalyces (Leguminosae–Papilionoideae)
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Mollel, N.; Adema, F.
A revision of Millettia sect. Truncaticalyces is presented. Five species are recognized. A key to the species and an identification list are included.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Millettia; Section Truncaticalyces; Africa.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/524599

The morphological range in Mallotus (Euphorbiaceae) and a taxonomic revision of its section Rottleropsis (including Axenfeldia) in Malesia, Thailand and Africa .
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Sierra, S.E.C.; Aparicio, M.; Gebraad, M.J.H.; Kulju, K.K.M.; Welzen, P.C. van.
The range of diagnostic morphological features in the whole genus Mallotus is reviewed as background to the taxonomic treatment of section Rottleropsis s.l. Special emphasis is given to the indumentum, habit, stipules, leaves, extrafloral nectaries, domatia, inflorescences, flowers, pollen and fruits. Notes on the geographical distribution, ecology, pollinators, fruit and seed dispersal, and uses of the genus are also presented. The section Axenfeldia is reduced to sect. Rottleropsis on account of the absence of suitable morphological characters to distinguish them. A taxonomic revision of 38 species of sect. Rottleropsis s.l. from Malesia, Thailand and Africa is presented, together with regional and synoptical identification keys, distribution maps and...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Euphorbiaceae; Axenfeldia; Mallotus; Rottleropsis; Malesia; Thailand; Africa.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/524640

Reestablishment of Pycreus section Tuberculati (Cyperaceae)
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Reynders, M.; Goetghebeur, P.
Pycreus sect. Tuberculati was created by Chermezon to contain a single species with derived nutlets: P. divulsus, a Malagasy endemic. Kükenthal transferred this species to his new section Muricati. However, a detailed study of the nutlet epidermis shows P. divulsus is not closely related to the other species Kükenthal placed in the latter section. In addition P. divulsus subsp. africanus is upgraded to the species level based on its larger, smooth nutlets and African continental range.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Africa; Cyperaceae; Pycreus sect. Tuberculati; Pycreus africanus; Pycreus divulsus; Scanning electron microscopy; Taxonomy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/525530

Radfordia (Radfordia) Daltoni spec. nov. (Acarina: Prostigmata: Myobiidae) from Praomys (Myomyscus) Daltoni (Mammalia: Rodentia: Muridae)
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Scheperboer, G.; Lukoschus, F.S.; Fain, A.
Radfordia (Radfordia) daltoni spec. nov. ex Praomys (Myomyscus) daltoni is illustrated, described in detail, and compared with the related species Radfordia (R.) praomys Zumpt &amp; Coffee, 1977, ex Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis (A. Smith, 1834) from South Africa, and Radfordia (R.) praomys trifurcata Fain, 1973, from the same host species from Ivory Coast. G.Scheperboer &amp; F. S. Lukoschus1, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Catholic University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Acarina; Mites; Taxonomy; Africa; 42.74.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/317912

Novitates Gabonenses 70. The advantages of a specimen database: Alafia velutina is a synonym of Farquharia elliptica (Apocynaceae)
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Wieringa, J.J.
The type of Alafia velutina Leeuwenb. proves to be conspecific with Farquharia elliptica Stapf and hence becomes a new synonym of the latter name. Maintaining a specimen database may help in avoiding mistakes like this.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Africa; Alafia; Apocynaceae; Farquharia; Specimen database.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/525556

Markets, mixtures and molecular methods: investigating medicinal plant and edible orchid diversity in Tanzania and Zambia
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Veldman, S.
Medicinal plants are an important source of primary healthcare for many people in Tanzania. These medicinal plants are harvested from the wild, and increasing commercial trade poses a serious threat to local plant populations. Currently it is unknown which species are traded and in what amounts. Across the southwestern border in Zambia, the traditional dish chikanda has transformed from a niche product to being a mainstream delicacy. One of the main ingredients are wild-harvested orchids, and these have become depleted throughout the country as an effect of the increased trade. It is unclear which orchid species are targeted and might be at risk of overharvesting. The aims of my doctorate are to map harvest and trade of Tanzanian medicinal plants and...
Tipo: Book (monograph)
Palavras-chave: DNA barcoding; Africa; Species delimitation; Orchids; Medicinal plants.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/668031

Revisionary notes on Negulus O. Boettger, 1889, a genus of minute African land snails (Gastropoda Pulmonata: Vertiginidae)
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Bruggen, A.C. van.
The genus Negulus is reviewed; only four Recent species, restricted to continental Africa, are recognized. The genus is extinct in Europe, being only recorded from Tertiary deposits. A key to the shells of the Recent species (all figured) is supplied. The anatomy is as yet unknown. A sinistral shell of N. abyssinicus is described from among a series of paralectotypes in the Leiden Museum, the first such abnormality in the genus (figured). A fair amount of shell material has become available (among which some historical specimens) so that metric data may be compared with greater confidence. Recent occurrence is established/confirmed for Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Malaŵi, and Bioko (Fernando Poo). The small size of the shell...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Gastropoda; Pulmonata; Vertiginidae; Negulus; Africa; St. Helena Is.; Taxonomy; 42.73.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/318176

Revision of the genus Paratropus Gerstaecker (Coleoptera: Histeridae)
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Kanaar, P.
The myrmecophilous and termitophilous genus Paratropus Gerstaecker is revised and figured. A key to the species is given. The number of species in this genus has been brought up to 80, of which 31 species are described as new: P. arriagadai (Tanzania), P. bakxi (Zaire), P. baloghi (Congo, Zaire, Ruanda, Gabon), P. basquinianus (Central African Republic), P. cavatus (Central African Rep.), P. cavifrons (Gabon), P. erbelingi (Botswana), P. gomyi (Congo, Cameroon, Gabon), P. hervei (Central African Rep., Nigeria, Liberia, Ghana, Ivory Coast), P. kapleri (Cameroon), P. keukelaari (Zambia), P. khandalensis (India), P. kovariki (Ghana), P. kryzhanovskii (Congo, Gabon, Nigeria), P. lamotteorum (Tanzania), P. legionarius (Central African Rep.), P. oculofoveatus...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Coleoptera; Histeridae; Paratropus; Orphistes; Termitophiles; Myrmecophiles; Africa; Oriental region; New species; Key.; 42.75.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/317703

In and out of Africa: Dr A.C. van Bruggen, keen educator and eminent biologist
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Breure, A.S.H.; Gittenberger, E.; Maassen, W.J.M.; Winter, A.J. de.
A brief biography of A.C. van Bruggen is presented, with special emphasis on his scientific career, on the occasion of his 80th birthday. His many-fold interests and publications are highlighted and eponyms are listed that were introduced in the entomological and malacological literature. A list of new taxa proposed in malacology, entomology and botany is presented.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Biography; A.C. van Bruggen; Entomology; Malacology; Botany; List of taxa; Eponyms; Africa; 42.73.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/311929

A new species of Dalbergia (Leguminosae, Dalbergieae) from Western Africa
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Jongkind, C.C.H.
Dalbergia hepperi from Western Africa is described and illustrated. The combination of glabrous ovaries, flat and glabrous fruits and ovate to obovate leaflets with a conspicuous acuminate apex is not known from any other Dalbergia species from this region.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Leguminosae; Dalbergia; Africa; Liberia; Sierra Leone; Taxonomy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/524824

New combinations in African Cucurbitaceae
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Wilde, W.J.J.O. de; Duyfjes, B.E.E.
Eight new combinations are made for African Cucurbitaceae, two in the genus Neoachmandra, six in Pilogyne.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Africa; Bryonia; Cucurbitaceae; Melothria; Neoachmandra; Pilogyne; Zehneria.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/526148

Novitates Gabonenses 57. Begonia sosefiana (Begoniaceae). A new species in section Loasibegonia from Gabon
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Wilde, J.J.F.E. de; Valkenburg, J.L.C.H. van.
A new narrowly endemic Begonia species discovered during recent fieldwork in the northern part of the Doudou Mountains in Gabon is described.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Begoniaceae; Begonia; Sect. Loasibegonia; Africa; Gabon; Taxonomy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/525099

Studies on the Streptaxidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda Pulmonata) of Malaw^ i 5. Description of Gulella meredithae spec. nov.
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Bruggen, A.C. van.
Gulella meredithae spec. nov. is described from the uplands of central and northern Malawi. It belongs to what has been termed the G. browni-group (better called the G. radius-group), an assemblage of Central and East African taxa with small shells with a noticeably acute apex, with more or less smooth nepionic whorls and with marked costulation on the remaining whorls. Attention is drawn to the striking juvenile apertural dentition.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Gastropoda; Pulmonata; Streptaxidae; Gulella; Africa; Malawi; Juvenile dentition; Taxonomy; 42.73.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/216030

A new species of Cola (Malvaceae) from West Africa
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Jongkind, C.C.H.
A new Cola species from the forests of Liberia is described.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Malvaceae; Cola; Africa; Taxonomy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/524990

The early specimens of the potto Perodicticus potto (Statius Müller, 1776) in the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, with the selection of a neotype
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Smeenk, C.; Godfrey, L.R.; Williams, F.L.
The potto was first recorded and figured by Willem Bosman in 1704. The name Lemur potto Statius Müller, 1776 is exclusively based upon Bosman’s account and figure, which are reproduced in full. The type locality is Elmina on the Gold Coast, the present Ghana. No type specimen was collected. The early pottos in the Leiden Museum are listed and their history is given, with special reference to the animals obtained by H.S. Pel. The publications on this material are reviewed. An adult female, RMNH 39375: mounted skin and skeleton acquired by Pel in 1849 at Dabocrom (Dabo Krom) near Sekondi, coastal Ghana, is designated the neotype of Lemur potto Statius Müller, 1776. The neotype is extensively described and figured. Taxonomic notes on the putative (sub)species...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Primates; Lorisidae; Perodicticus potto; History; Nomenclature; Neotype; Ghana; Africa; 42.82; 42.70.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/198497

Didelotia korupensis and Tessmannia korupensis (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae), two new tree species from Korup National Park in Cameroon
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Burgt, X.M. van der.
Two new tree species, Didelotia korupensis and Tessmannia korupensis (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae), are described and illustrated. Didelotia korupensis is the 12th species in the genus. It is an understory tree to 15 m tall with an often leaning stem to 30(–53) cm diam. Didelotia korupensis is only known from an area of c. 4 km2 in and near the permanent plots along the P transect in the southern part of Korup National Park in Cameroon, where 51 trees have been recorded so far. Didelotia korupensis is assessed according to IUCN criteria as Endangered. Tessmannia korupensis is the 13th species in the genus. It is a canopy tree to 39 m tall with a stem to 105 cm diam. Tessmannia korupensis is known from seven groups of trees of 9 to 43 trees each, in and...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Africa; Detarieae; Endangered; Fabaceae; IUCN; Rain forest; Taxonomy; 42.48.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/606363

Revision of the genus Paratropus Gerstaecker (Coleoptera: Histeridae). II. Supplement
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Kanaar, P.
A supplement to the “Revision of the genus Paratropus Gerstaecker” (Kanaar, 1997) is given. Additional faunistic data are presented. The following four new species are described and figured: P. angulifrons (Malaysia: Sabah), P. strigosus (Cameroon, Ghana), P. tenuis (Indonesia: Sumatra) and P. transvalensis (South Africa: Transvaal).
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Coleoptera; Histeridae; Paratropus; Termitophiles; Myrmecophiles; Africa; Oriental region; New species; 42.75.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/214415

Novitates Gabonenses 69. A new endemic species of and a new combination in Campylospermum (Ochnaceae)
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Bissiengou, P.; Sosef, M.S.M.
A new species of Campylospermum endemic to the Crystal Mountains, Gabon, and belonging to sect. Notocampylum is described. Besides that, a West-Central African species of Ouratea, nowadays a strictly South American genus, is transferred to Campylospermum and the necessary new combination made.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Ochnaceae; Campylospermum; Ouratea; Africa; Gabon; Crystal Mountains; Endemism; Taxonomy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/525330

Hypolytrum unispicatum (Cyperaceae), a new species from Cameroon
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Sosef, M.S.M.; Simpson, D.A.
A new species of Hypolytrum (Cyperaceae), H. unispicatum Sosef &amp; D.A. Simpson, from southern Cameroon is described and illustrated. Some remarks on its ecology and related species are given.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Cyperaceae; Hypolytrum; Africa; Cameroon; Taxonomy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/525420

Ancyrocephalidae (Monogenea) of Lake Tanganyika: does the Cichlidogyrus parasite fauna of Interochromis loocki (Teleostei, Cichlidae) reflect its host’s phylogenetic affinities?
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Pariselle, A.; Van Steenberge, M.; Snoeks, J.; Volckaert, F.A.M.; Huyse, T.; Vanhove, M.P.M.
The faunal diversity of Lake Tanganyika, with its fish species flocks and its importance as a cradle and reservoir of ancient fish lineages seeding other radiations, has generated a considerable scientific interest in the fields of evolution and biodiversity. The Tropheini, an endemic Tanganyikan cichlid tribe, fills a peculiar phylogenetic position, being closely related to the haplochromine radiations of Lakes Malawi and Victoria. Several problems remain regarding their genus-level classification. For example, the monotypic genus Interochromis is phylogenetically nested within Petrochromis; its only representative, I. loocki, has often been reclassified. As monogenean flatworms are useful markers for fish phylogeny and taxonomy, the monogenean fauna of...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Africa; Dactylogyridea; Petrochromis; Platyhelminthes; Species description; Tropheini; 42.81.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/515971

A revised bibliography of the malacological papers of Paul Pallary
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Bank, R.A.; Menkhorst, H.P.M.G.
A bibliography is given of the malacological oeuvre of Paul Pallary (1869-1942), who carried out extensive systematic research on the molluscs from northern African and the Middle East during five decades.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Mollusca; Bibliography; Paul Pallary; Africa.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/311931

Two new African species of Salacia (Salacioideae, Celastraceae)
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Gosline, G.; Cheek, M.
Two new African species of Salacia (Salacioideae, Celastraceae) are described. Salacia arenicola is a scandent shrub endemic to a restricted white sand habitat in coastal Republic of Congo. It is assessed as IUCN 2012 category Vulnerable (VU). Salacia nigra is an erect shrub or small tree with dark purple flowers and large leaves found in the wet coastal forests of Cameroon and Nigeria and is also assessed as Vulnerable. A key to nonlianescent tropical African Salacias is given.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Africa; Cameroon; Celastraceae; Congo (Brazzaville); Conservation; Primate-dispersed; Salacia; White sand.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/525198

The nomenclature of the African wild ass
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Groves, C.P.; Smeenk, C.
The 19th-century reports on the occurrence and identity of wild asses in North-East Africa are reviewed, as well as the names applied in various publications by Fitzinger and von Heuglin, respectively. The first published name for the African wild ass, Asinus africanus Fitzinger, 1858, is a nomen nudum. The name Equus taeniopus von Heuglin, 1861 is rejected as indeterminable, as it is based on an animal that cannot be identified and may have been a hybrid between a domestic donkey and a Somali wild ass; the type has not been preserved. The first available name thus becomes Asinus africanus von Heuglin &amp; Fitzinger, 1866. A lectotype is designated: a skull of an adult female collected by von Heuglin near Atbara River, Sudan, and present in the Museum für...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Perissodactyla; Equidae; Equus africanus africanus; Equus africanus somaliensis; Equus taeniopus; History; Taxonomy; Nomenclature; Lectotype; Africa; 42.84.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/226643

Novitates Gabonenses 64. A new species of Campylospermum (Ochnaceae) from coastal Gabon
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: M.S.M. Sosef; D.J. Harris &amp; K.E. Armstrong.
A curious new species of Campylospermum, C. paucinervatum, from coastal Gabon is described including some comments on its ecology and its relationship within the genus. The high botanical diversity of Loango National Park is noted.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Ochnaceae; Campylospermum; Africa; Gabon; Taxonomy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/525236

Novitates Gabonenses 65. A new rare endemic Amphiblemma (Melastomataceae) from Mve Lakene, Gabon
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Leal, M.E.
A new species of Amphiblemma from the Mvé Lakéné Plateau, Monts de Cristal is described
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Amphiblemma; Melastomataceae; Africa; Taxonomy; Gabon.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/525147

Notes on Micractaeon, a monotypic genus of African land snails (Gastropoda Pulmonata: Ferussaciidae?)
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Bruggen, A.C. van; Winter, A.J. de.
Micractaeon kakamegaensis Verdcourt, 1993 (type loc. Kenya, Kakamega Forest), is a synonym of Pseudopeas koptawelilense Germain, 1934 (type loc. Kenya, Mt. Elgon); the proper name is therefore Micractaeon koptawelilensis (Germain, 1934). New anatomical data are supplied, more or less confirming classification in the family Ferussaciidae. The shell is subject to some considerable variation in size, shape and sculpture. The species appears to be widely distributed in various types of forest in tropical Africa (Ghana, Cameroon, eastern and south-eastern Zaïre, Kenya, Malawi, and eastern Zambia); hypsometrical distribution is generally from c. 950 m to c. 2300 m, although in Ghana it has been collected at altitudes of between &amp;lt; 250 and c. 700 m.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Gastropoda; Pulmonata; Ferussaciidae; Micractaeon; Africa; Ghana; Cameroon; Zaïre; Kenya; Zambia; Mala?i; Taxonomy; Distribution; 42.73.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/319133

Novitates Gabonenses 73. A new species of Anthocleista (Gentianaceae) from Gabon
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Wilde, J.J.F.E. de.
Anthocleista potalioides, a new narrowly endemic species of the Chaillu Mountains in Gabon is described and illustrated. Its taxonomic position among the known African species is discussed. It stands apart by a small 8-merous corolla and a 2-locular ovary. Remarks on the affinities of the African genus Anthocleista and Potalia from tropical America are presented.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Africa; Anthocleista; Gabon; Gentianaceae; Neotropics; Potalia; Potalieae; Taxonomy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/524971

Sustainable agriculture for economic development - case of East Africa -
Provedor de dados: Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Academic Repository (OAK)
Autores: Koaze, Hiroshi; 小疇, 浩.
2005年8月4日とかちプラザ・レインボーホールで開催､日本ユネスコ国内委員会主催の帯広農村開発教育国際セミナー(OASERD)国際連合ユネスコアジア太平洋地域教育開発計画事業(APEID)シンポジウム「地球にやさしい農業をめざして :　資源リサイクルを利用した持続可能な食糧生産－」講演資料
Palavras-chave: Sustainable; Agriculture; Sub-Sahara; Africa; Economic; Development; Poverty reduction.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/1896

African Aquaculture: A Regional Summary with Emphasis on Sub-Saharan Africa
Provedor de dados: Ocean Docs: e-repository of  publications
Autores: Moehl, J.; Machena, C.
The African Region consists of 48 countries and five island nations, most of which are practising some form of aquaculture, often at a very low level. Over half the countries report producing less than 100 mt annually. The largest producer is Nigeria (17 700 mt) followed by Madagascar (5 100 mt) and Zambia (4 700 mt). The 1997 combined aquaculture production of the region was 40 300 mt. Aquaculture is estimated to be 95 percent small scale, with fish ponds integrated into the mosaic of agricultural activities. Mean yield is approximated as 500 kg/ha/yr, although the range is wide, from less than a hundred to more than 10 000 kg/ha/yr. A typical scenario would be a 300 m2 pond producing 15 kg a year relying on family labour and on-farm inputs. There is...
Tipo: Proceedings Paper
Palavras-chave: Fish Farming; Aquaculture; Sub-Saharan Africa; Development; Africa; Aquaculture.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/371

&lt;i&gt;Doxomysis algoaensis&lt;/i&gt;, a new mysid species (Crustacea: Mysidacea) from Algoa Bay (South Africa)
Provedor de dados: Open Marine Archive
Autores: Wooldridge, T.; Mees, J.
&lt;i&gt;Doxomysis algoaensis&lt;/i&gt; sp.nov. is described from Algoa Bay, South Africa where it is common in nearshore marine waters just beyond the breaker line. &lt;i&gt;D. algoaensis&lt;/i&gt; sp.nov. is morphologically similar to &lt;i&gt;D. australiensis&lt;/i&gt;, but can readily be distinguished by the shape and armature of the telson and the length of the exopod of the fourth male pleopod. The apical cleft is one fifth the telson length in the former species and one third the length in &lt;i&gt;D. australiensis&lt;/i&gt;. The telson apex on each side of the cleft is also armed with five and four stout spines in the two species, respectively. In &lt;i&gt;D. australiensis&lt;/i&gt;, the exopod of the fourth male pleopod is almost three times the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Coastal zone Doxomysis Gastrosaccus olivae Mysida PSW; Africa; South; Algoa Bay.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://www.vliz.be/nl/open-marien-archief?module=ref&refid=3513

Research needs for development of organic agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Ssekyewa, Charles; George, Francisca; Müller, Adrian.
World population is about 7 billion in 2010 and is expected to grow much more. The expected growth is highest in parts of the world that are vulnerable to hunger and adverse climatic conditions, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This then translates into the likely need for more food in these regions.  The situation is exacerbated by the lack of appropriate farming technologies and the many constraints limiting production and productivity of major commodities. Apart from hunger, unless the situation is addressed through a holistic approach to research, there is a very real danger that environmental  degradation will escalate. UNEP (2009) found that the recent food crisis could even exacerbate in the next decade if there are no explicit answers to...
Tipo: Book chapter
Palavras-chave: Research communication and quality; Africa.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://orgprints.org/25626/1/HalbergMullerProofs_ReducedSize.pdf

The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2014
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Organic agriculture is practiced in 164 countries, and more than 37.5 million hectares of agricultural land are managed organically by 1.9 million farmers.  The global sales of organic food and drink reached almost 64 billion US dollars in 2012.  The 15th edition of The World of Organic Agriculture documents recent developments in global organic agriculture. It includes contributions from representatives of the organic sector from throughout the world and provides comprehensive organic farming statistics that cover surface area under organic management, specific information about land use in organic systems, numbers of farms and other operator types as well as selected market data.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Surveys and statistics; Africa; Asia; Latin America; North America; World; Europe.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://orgprints.org/25172/1/willer-lernoud-2014-world-of-organic.pdf

Ecological Organic Agriculture in Africa: Researches done from 2002 to 2012 on Ecological Organic Agriculture in Tanzania
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Saidia, Paul Sabas; Chilagane, Emmanuel Amos; Maro, Janet Fares; Wostry, Alexander.
A research was carried out to identify research works done from 2002 to 2012 on ecological organic agriculture in Tanzania. Organic agriculture combines tradition, innovation and science to benefit the shared environment and promote fair relationships and a good quality of life for all involved. Ecological organic agriculture draws on agro-ecology that is the science of applying ecological concepts and principles to design and manage ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions. There was a problem of identifying various researches done in organic agriculture, hence difficult to know the gap on research works related to ecological organic agriculture. Therefore, this work aimed at identifying research works done on ecological...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: "Organics" in general; Africa.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://orgprints.org/24694/1/REPORT%20ON%20EOA%20RESEARCHES.rtf

Animal-friendly pig husbandry
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Früh, Barbara.
The guide explains the relevant aspects for animal-friendly husbandry systems to trainers based on the natural behaviour and needs of pigs. It presents proven solutions as well as relevant additional information on production issues.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Health and welfare; Pigs; Africa.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://orgprints.org/30560/1/1713-animal-friendly-pig-husbandry.pdf

Development of Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) in Selected Organic Market  Waste Fractions in Accra, Ghana
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Ewusie, E. A.; Kwapong, P. K.; Ofosu-Budu, G.; Sandrock, C.; Akumah, A.; Nartey, E.; Teye-Gaga, C.; Agyarkwah, S. K.; Adamtey, N.
Aims: To assess the effect of organic waste and their formulations on the development of the black soldier fly larvae.  Study Design: The experiment used one time feeding (lump feeding) of feedstocks obtained from organic market waste fractions and their combinations. The arrangement of composting containers followed a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), replicated three times.  Place and Duration of Study: The study took 3 months and was conducted at the BSF laboratory of the Soil and Environmental Science Research Centre, Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute of the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission in Accra, Ghana, West Africa.  Methodology: Two hundred and forty (240) hand counted 5 day old BSF larvae were inoculated onto 2 kg each...
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: Composting and manuring; Feeding and growth; Produce chain management; Africa.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://orgprints.org/34699/1/Ewusie-etal-2018-AJB2T-Vol4-Isuue1-p1-16-Articleno-AJB2T42371.pdf

Atlas of Organics: Four maps of the world of organic agriculture
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Paull, John; Hennig, Benjamin.
This paper presents four maps of the world of organic agriculture. Density equalising maps (cartograms) have previously been published of the world of organic agriculture based on the reported hectares of certified organically managed agriculture land. The four maps in the present atlas of organic agriculture are visual presentations of current global organics data: (a) certified organic agriculture hectares; (b) certified organic wildculture hectares; (c) total certified organic production hectares (organic agriculture plus wildculture plus forestry plus aquaculture); (d) certified organic producers. Australia dominates in the world map of the organic agriculture hectares, Europe is strongly represented, and Africa is weakly represented. Finland dominates...
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: "Organics" in general; Farming Systems; Africa; Asia; Australia; China; European Union; India; Latin America; North America; United Kingdom; United States; World; Knowledge management; Europe.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://orgprints.org/30187/1/PaullHennig2016.OAMaps.pdf

Organics Olympiad 2012: Global Indices of Leadership in  Organic Agriculture
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Paull, John.
One hundred and sixty countries now practice organic agriculture. But where are the pockets of excellence? The Organics Olympiad 2012 presents twelve indices of organics leadership with awards medals of gold, silver and bronze in each category. Twenty seven countries score medals in the Organics Olympiad 2012. Germany leads with four medals, India takes second position with one gold and one silver, and Switzerland and USA are equal third on the medal tally, each with one gold and one bronze medal .
Tipo: Newspaper or magazine article
Palavras-chave: "Organics" in general; Africa; Asia; Australia; Austria; Brazil; China; Denmark; European Union; Finland; France; India; Italy; Latin America; Switzerland; United States; Knowledge management; Germany; Mexico.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://orgprints.org/22527/7/22527.pdf

Organic farming in Khartoum
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Alkhalifa, Batoul; Elkhatim, Azza; Awouda, Elhag; Tawfig, Suad.
Interest in organic agriculture and its products has widely grown in the world, mainly because of the increasing environmental and health hazards associated with the intensive use of chemicals in agriculture. Sudan, in spite of its high potential of organic agricultural production along the shores of the Nile, rivers, and the seasonal streams, has not been able to widely invest in organic production. Over the last years, the paradigm of organic agriculture as a sustainable mode of production has strongly grown among the Sudanese community. Furthermore, the importance of this type of production is progressively increasing amongst researchers, as well as policy makers as a good sign for a healthy thinking lead to take serious steps toward organic production...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Palavras-chave: Africa.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://orgprints.org/23236/7/23236.pdf

Climate Change Adaptation Through Science-Farmer-Policy Dialogue in Mali
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Bautze, Lin; Nicolay, Gian L.; Meier, Matthias; Gattinger, Andreas; Müller, Adrian.
Climate change increases the number of risks for agricultural production in arid and semiarid regions, especially in Western Africa. Smallholder farmers are particularly vulnerable to climate change risks. These risks affect their socioeconomic situation, as well as the local food sector value chain in general. Therefore, their food security is threatened if smallholder farming structures do not adapt to them. Thus, effective climate change adaptation measures for smallholders are essential and should be implemented without delay. However, success hinges on the acceptance of the promoted measures among various stakeholders. Thus, their acceptance needs to be assessed before promoting.    The project “The potential of sustainable land-use systems to promote...
Tipo: Book chapter
Palavras-chave: Air and water emissions; Policy environments and social economy; Africa.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://orgprints.org/34706/1/Bautze-etal-2018_ReferenceWorkEntry_ClimateChangeAdaptationThrough-Chapter-p1-15.pdf

Nitrogen leaching losses and balances in conventional and organic farming systems in Kenya
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Musyoka, Martha W.; Adamtey, Noah; Muriuki, Anne W.; Bautze, David; Karanja, Edward N.; Mucheru-Muna, Monica; Fiaboe, Komi K.M.; Cadisch, Georg.
Organic farming has been proposed as a solution to foster agricultural sustainability and mitigate the negative environmental impacts of conventional farming. This study assessed N losses and soil surface N balances in conventional and organic farming systems in a sub-humid and semi-humid (Chuka and Thika) sites in Kenya. Nitrate–N (NO3−–N) leached was trapped at 1 m depth using the Self Integrating Accumulator core method and the changes in mineral-N were assessed at different soil depths and different crop growth stages. Both conventional and organic farming systems lost substantial amounts of NO3−–N at the early growth stages of all the crops. Cumulative NO3−–N leached was similar in all the farming systems in each cropping season. More NO3−–N was...
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: Air and water emissions; Africa.
Ano: 2019

The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2015
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
This book documents recent developments in organic agriculture worldwide and presents the latest data on organic areas, producers and domestic markets.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Africa; Asia; Australia; Canada; European Union; North America; United States; World.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://orgprints.org/28168/1/willer-lernoud-2015-master-document-PDF.pdf

Socio-Economic Effects of Organic Agriculture in Africa
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Lyons, Dr Kristen; Burch, Prof David.
The African continent has experienced significant growth in the organic sector in recent years. This paper draws from in-depth interviews with fifty organic farmers across four selected countries – Egypt, Ghana, Kenya and Uganda – to document the socio-economic impacts associated with the uptake of organic farming practices. Our results demonstrate five benefits for farmers, farm families and surrounding communities arising from entry into organics: increased farm incomes; expanded marketing opportunities; empowerment of farmers; health benefits, and; sustaining environments. Our paper concludes with a series of recommendations to assist the on-going expansion of organics in Africa.
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Palavras-chave: Africa.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://orgprints.org/12071/1/Lyons_12071_ed.doc

Organics Olympiad 2007 - Perspectives on the Global State of Organic Agriculture
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Paull, John.
Organic food has been described as the world’s fastest growing food sector, and many countries have now set targets for conversion to Organic Agriculture. The stated goal of the organic movement is the adoption worldwide of Organic Agriculture. That task has a long path to travel, with Organic Agriculture currently accounting for 1.8% of worldwide agricultural land. One strategy for success in any endeavour, is: find out who "the winners” are, identify what they are doing, and do that; and there is a corollary to this maxim. Which countries are leaders in the adoption of Organic Agriculture? In the absence of a single comprehensive index of organic-ness, this paper identifies 12 indices of organic-ness, and presents the leadership by country, for each of...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Palavras-chave: United States; Australia; History of organics; World; Europe; Africa; China; "Organics" in general; Markets and trade; European Union; Asia.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://orgprints.org/12892/1/12892.pdf

Analyse des déterminants de la rentabilité du coton biologique et conventionnel au Bénin
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Tovignan, D. Silvère; Sodjinou, Epiphane; Glin, Laurent C.; Hinvi, Jonas; Bonou-zin Dossi, Clariss Regina; Koussahoué, Stanislas; Nicolay, Gian L.
L’objectif de l’article est de faire une analyse financière comparative de la production du coton biologique et du coton conventionnel ainsi que les déterminants de leur rentabilité. L’étude a été conduite dans les communes de Glazoué, Banikoara et Tanguiéta appartenant à trois zones agro écologiques différentes. Dans chacune de ces communes, les données été collectées, dans des villages produisant les deux types de coton, sur un échantillon aléatoire stratifié de 215 producteurs (111  producteurs conventionnels et 104 biologiques). Il ressort des résultats obtenus que le coton biologique et le coton  conventionnel sont rentables dans les trois zones d’étude. Le coton biologique a présenté les meilleures performances  financières. D’une manière générale...
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: Crop husbandry; Africa.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://orgprints.org/34703/1/Tovignon_etal-2018_InternJInnovationSciResearch-Vol39-No1-p79-90.pdf

Afrikaanse landbouwgigant wordt langzaam wakker
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Johnson, Mike.
De agrarische sector in Nigeria bloeide, totdat de olieindustrie opkwam. Van die industrie heeft slechts een klein deel van de bevolking geprofiteerd. Men komt nu tot het inzicht dat landbouw weer één van de pijlers van de economie zou moeten worden, en dat biologische land- bouw daarin een belangrijk aandeel moet hebben. Nigeria heeft nog veel te winnen.
Tipo: Newspaper or magazine article
Palavras-chave: Africa.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://orgprints.org/18733/1/2514.pdf

The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2016
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
The 17th edition of The World of Organic Agriculture, published by the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) and IFOAM – Organics International, provides a comprehensive review of recent developments in global organic agriculture. It includes contributions from representatives of the organic sector from throughout the world and provides comprehensive organic farming statistics that cover area under organic management, specific information about land use in organic systems, numbers of farms and other operator types as well as selected market data.    The book also contains information on the global market for organic food, information on standards and regulations, organic policy, as well as insights into current and emerging trends in organic...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Africa; Asia; Australia; Latin America; North America; United States; World; Europe.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://orgprints.org/31151/1/willer-lernoud-2016-world-of-organic.pdf

Welche Landwirtschaft für Afrika? Akzeptanz und Potenzial biologischer Methoden
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Nicolay, Gian L.
Afrika, dieser grosse, vielseitige und verkannte Kontinent kämpft zurzeit heftig um die Ausrichtung seiner  Landwirtschafts – und Ernährungspolitik. Die Lage ist dramatisch. Südlich des Sahel leiden von den knapp 800 Mio Menschen mindestens ein Drittel an  Hunger und Misere. Ein Grossteil der Ackerböden und Weidegründe ist stark beschädigt und gibt nur noch Bruchteile der üblichen Erträge her. Wälder und Savannenlandschaften sowie Biodiversität stehen unter Dauerdruck und fallen ungebremst dem Landhunger zum Opfer.  Hat die biologische Landwirtschaft das Potenzial, wesentlich zur Ernährungssicherheit, zum guten Leben und zur Regeneration der Bodenfruchtbarkeit beizutragen? Das Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau (FiBL) hat gute Gründe, daran zu...
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: Africa.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://orgprints.org/18434/1/Afrika_Bulletin_141_2011.pdf

ECONOMICS OF MAIZE PRODUCTION UNDER DIFFERENT COWPEA-BASED GREEN MANURE PRACTICES IN DERIVED SAVANNA ZONE OF NIGERIA
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Fabunmi, Thomas. O.; Agbonlahor, Mure. U.
There is a challenge in Nigeria of how to sustainably increase land productivity in the face of land pressures, un-availability and/or high cost of fertilizers, and reduced fallow periods. The present study analyzed the economic potential of producing maize under different regimes of cowpea green manure cropping.
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: Composting and manuring; Africa.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://orgprints.org/21788/7/21788.pdf

The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2019
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Organic agriculture is practiced in 181 countries, and 69.8 million hectares of agricultural land are managed organically by approximately 2.9 Million farmers. The global sales of organic food and drink reached 97 billion US Dollars in 2017, according to Ecovia Intelligence.  The 20th edition of The World of Organic Agriculture, published by the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture(FiBL) and IFOAM – Organics International, provides a comprehensive review of recent developments in global organic agriculture.  It includes contributions from representatives of the organic sector around the world and presents detailed organic farming statistics that cover the area under organic management, specific information about land use in  organic systems, the...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Africa; Asia; Australia; Latin America; North America; United States; World; Europe.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://orgprints.org/34570/10/WILLER-LERNOUD-2018-final-PDF-low.pdf

Organic Food and Farming in Kenya
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Kledal, Paul Rye; Oyiera, Habwe Florence; Njoroge, John Wanjau; Kiarii, Eustace.
The organic farm sector itself is basically organized around a minor number of large farm enterprises, or various supply organizations, based on purely commercial, community, faith or simply farmer cooperation involved in packaging, domestic or export sales. 35 farm enterprises covered the organic production in Kenya’s eight provinces. More than half are concentrated in the Central Province, where also most of the outgrowers are connected in relation to the labour intensive crop production within horticulture. A total of 1’811 farm outgrowers (smallholders of various sizes) were included to secure the ‘critical mass of supply’ – either for export or national market chains. The total organic area is distinguished between what is agricultural land and what...
Tipo: Book chapter
Palavras-chave: Africa.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://orgprints.org/17933/1/kledal%2Detal%2D2009%2Dworld%2Dorganic%2Dagriculture.pdf

Understanding and Changing Farming, Food &amp; Fiber Systems. The Organic Cotton Case in Mali and West Africa
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Nicolay, Gian L.
Science should be capable of covering issues as diverse as farming systems, technology, innovation, climate change adaptation, poverty alleviation, extension, policy and practice, as they all relate to sustainable agriculture and development. Some years ago, the call for a new farming systems approach was raised to accommodate the principles of interdisciplinary, systems thinking and participatory research. Society calls for systems performance that provides stability and sustainability (SDGs!), multi-scale and territorial approaches and looks for solutions for critical issues such as employment, migration and inclusion/exclusion at the global level (World Society). We propose here a way in dealing with this complexity by addressing the mentioned problem...
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: Social aspects; Africa.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://orgprints.org/36389/1/nicolay-2019-openAgriculture-Vol4-Issue1-p86-97.pdf

The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2018
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Organic agriculture is practiced in 178 countries, and 57.8 million hectares of agricultural land are managed organically by approximately 2.7 million farmers.  The global sales of organic food and drink reached almost 90 billion US Dollars in 2016, according to Ecovia Intelligence.  The 19th edition of The World of Organic Agriculture, published by the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) and IFOAM – Organics International, provides a comprehensive review of recent developments in global organic agriculture.  It includes contributions from representatives of the organic sector around the world and provides comprehensive organic farming statistics that cover the area under organic management, specific information about land use in organic...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Surveys and statistics; Africa; Asia; Latin America; North America; World; Europe.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://orgprints.org/34669/1/WILLER-LERNOUD-2018-final-PDF-low.pdf

Impact of sustainable development principles on the food service and hospitality sector in the Western Cape (South Africa)
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Mattausch, Nancy.
Ob verantwortungsvoller Tourismus, nachhaltiger Fisch oder regionale Lebensmittel – der Außer-Haus-Markt in Western Cape ist äußerst dynamisch und damit im landesweiten Vergleich auf der Überholspur.   Erst kürzlich erfolgte die Einführung fair gehandelter Produkte auf dem heimischen Markt. Südafrika ist weltweit das erste Land, das Fair Trade Produkte von nun an nicht nur exportiert, sondern auch selbst konsumiert. Und ein Fair Trade Zertifizierungsprogramm für die Tourismusbranche ist in seiner Art einzigartig.   Vor allem die Provinzregierung von Western Cape und die Stadtverwaltung von Kapstadt übernehmen hinsichtlich nachhaltiger Entwicklung eine Vorbildfunktion innerhalb Südafrikas. 2008 veröffentlichte die Provinzregierung ihren ersten...
Tipo: Thesis
Palavras-chave: Social aspects; Africa.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://orgprints.org/19065/4/19065.pdf

The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2018
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Organic agriculture is practiced in 178 countries, and 57.8 million hectares of agricultural land are managed organically by approximately 2.7 million farmers.  The global sales of organic food and drink reached almost 90 billion US Dollars in 2016, according to Ecovia Intelligence.    The 19th edition of The World of Organic Agriculture, published by the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) and IFOAM – Organics International, provides a comprehensive review of recent developments in global organic agriculture.    It includes contributions from representatives of the organic sector around the world and provides comprehensive organic farming statistics that cover the area under organic management, speci�c information about land use in organic...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Africa; Asia; Australia; Latin America; North America; United States; World; Europe.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://orgprints.org/34569/10/WILLER-LERNOUD-2018-final-PDF-low.pdf

Organics Olympiad 2007 - Perspectives on the Global State of Organic Agriculture
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Paull, John.
The Organics Olympiad 2007 identifies world leading countries in organic agriculture.  Gold, silver and bronze medals are awarded to the top countries in each of 12 categories of organic leadership.
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: United States; Australia; History of organics; Switzerland; World; Europe; Latvia; Africa; China; "Organics" in general; Research methodology and philosophy; Romania; Denmark.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://orgprints.org/15568/1/15568.pdf

The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2017
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
The 18th edition of The World of Organic Agriculture, published by the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) and IFOAM – Organics International, provides a comprehensive review of recent developments in global organic agriculture. It includes contributions from representatives of the organic sector around the world and provides comprehensive organic farming statistics that cover the area under organic management, specific information about land use in organic systems, the number of  farms and other operator types, and selected market data.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Africa; Asia; Australia; Latin America; North America; United States; World; Europe.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://orgprints.org/34568/7/willer-lernoud-2017-02-12-v1-4.pdf

Cattle management practices and milk production on mixed  smallholder organic pineapple farms in Central Uganda
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Nalubwama, Sylvia; Kabi, Fred; Vaarst, Mette; Kiggundu, Muhammad; Smolders, Gidi.
A longitudinal study to assess animal management practices and milk production was conducted for a period of 12 months on 30 smallholder farms keeping dairy cattle and certified organic pineapple production in Luwero and Kayunga districts, based on questionnaire and on-farm collected data. Farm sizes were 9.3 ± 6.7 acres in tethering system and 4.3 ± 2.6 acres in zero-grazing. Fifty-four percent of the zero-grazing herds had animal housing facilities. All farmers in tethering system kept cows on earthen floors and calves without bedding. Hygiene level in existing farms was low. Majority of calves were fed once a day by restricted suckling (77 %). Seventy-four percent of tethered cows were only fed on natural grass, while cows under zero-grazing system had...
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: Farming Systems; Health and welfare; Africa.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://orgprints.org/32997/1/Published%20article%20_%20Nalubwama%20et%20al%202016.pdf

Effect of organic and conventional farming systems on nitrogen use efficiency of potato, maize and vegetables in the Central highlands of Kenya
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Musyoka, Martha W.; Adamty, Noah; Muriuki, Anne W.; Cadisch, Georg.
Increased per capita food production in the tropics is closely tied to soil organic matter and water management, timely nitrogen (N) supply and crop N use efficiency (NUE) which are influenced by farmingsystems. However, there is lack of data on the effect of organic farming systems on NUE and how thiscompares to conventional farming systems under tropical conditions. Therefore, the objectives of thisstudy were to determine the effect of conventional and organic farming systems at low and high management intensities on N uptake and N use efficiency of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), maize (Zea mays L.),cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata), kale (Brassica oleracea var. Acephala) and Swiss chard (Beta vul-garis sub sp. Cicla). The organic high input...
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: Composting and manuring; Vegetables; Africa; Root crops.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://orgprints.org/31473/1/musyoka-etal-2017-EuropeanJourAgri-Vol86-p24-36.pdf

SYPROBIO: Driving farmer-led innovation platforms to address food security, poverty alleviation and resilience to climate change in West African cotton communities
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Gian, Nicolay; Dabire, Rémy; Fliessbach, Andreas; Glin, Laurent; Sissoko, Fagaye.
The social problem of food insecurity and the challenge for farmers in adapting successfully to climate change in West African societies build the framework and scope of our research for development (R4D). It is addressed through a project called Syprobio, operating in Mali, Burkina Faso  and  Benin. Elected farmers, representing 2000–3000 organic  farmers, are conducting on-farm research and cooperating with 40–50 researchers and technicians in testing  27  innovative practices by forming innovation platforms. Soil  fertility, seed improvement, pest management, agronomy and socio-economics are the main themes. The innovations being tested are meant to improve food security and climate change adaptation. The main R4D methods used are transdisciplinarity,...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Palavras-chave: Systems research and participatory research; Research methodology and philosophy; Africa.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://orgprints.org/25747/1/Nicolay_syprobio_2013.pdf

Resilience of Organic versus Conventional Farming Systems in  Tropical Africa: The Kenyan Experience
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Muriuki, Anne; Musyoka, Martha; Fließbach, Andreas; Forster, Dionys.
In Kenya, agriculture is largely carried out by smallholder farmers, in a mixed farming noncommercialised setting where application of synthetic fertilisers and pesticides is minimal.  Agricultural production is low and constrained by declining soil fertility, pest and diseases and increasingly unpredictable weather due to global warming. This calls for more resilient farming systems.
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Palavras-chave: "Organics" in general; Crop husbandry; Africa.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://orgprints.org/21835/1/muriuki-etal-2012-tropentag2012-proceedings-p180.pdf

Key results from the FiBL survey on organic agriculture  worldwide 2017: Key data, crops, regions
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Lernoud, Julia; Willer, Helga.
The 3 presentations summarize the key results of the FiBL survey on organic agriculture worldwide 2017 (data 2015).  Apart from the global data, key results on crop and on regional data are presented.  More information is available at www.organic-world.net   The following three presentations are available at http://www.organic-world.net/yearbook/yearbook2017/slide-presentations.html :  Part 1: Global data 2015 and survey background   Part 2: Land use and key crops in organic agriculture 2015  Part 3: Organic agriculture in the regions 2015
Tipo: Other
Palavras-chave: Surveys and statistics; Africa; European Union; Latin America; North America; World; Europe.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://orgprints.org/31424/7/fibl-2017-global-data-2015.pdf

Organics Olympiad 2016: Global Indices of Leadership in Organic Agriculture
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Paull, John.
Organic production (including agriculture, wild culture, forestry and aquaculture) is a worldwide phenomenon that is practiced in at least 172 countries. The Organics Olympiad presents 14 indices of global organics leadership, each at three levels (Gold, Silver and Bronze). The Organics Olympiad of 2016 yields 29 countries as global organics leaders, and confirms that organics leadership is diversely distributed across countries, large and small, rich and poor, developed and less so, and cuts across linguistic, ethnic and cultural boundaries. Australia continues to lead the world in organic agriculture hectares. Australia also leads in the increase of organic hectares over the past four years (since the Organics Olympiad 2012) and in the number of WWOOF...
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: Farming Systems; Food systems; Africa; Asia; Australia; China; Denmark; European Union; Finland; France; India; Italy; Latin America; Lithuania; Switzerland; Tunisia; United States; World; Knowledge management; Europe; Germany; Mexico.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://orgprints.org/30369/1/Paull2016.OlympiadJSDS.pdf

The Potential Role of Organic Soil Fertility Management in the Kenya Highlands
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Bett, Msc Eric; Freyer, Prof. Bernhard; Leonhartsberger, Msc Philipp.
Soil fertility degradation still remains the single most important constraint to food production in the Kenyan Highlands. It is estimated that 64% of the population resides in the highlands, with population densities in some areas of over 1000 persons/km2. Use of inorganic fertilisers on smallholdings in the Kenya Highlands has been steadily declining since the 1960s, when heavy promotion and subsidization of fertilisers coincided with the release of improved maize varieties and the creation of co-operatives such as the Kenya Grain Growers Co-operative Union. Currently, their use continues to be constrained by their high cost, the low purchasing power of smallholders, and limited access to credit facilities. Farm sizes are getting smaller, and this...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Palavras-chave: Africa.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://orgprints.org/12658/1/Bett_12658_ed.doc

The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2013
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
The 14th edition of The World of Organic Agriculture documents recent developments in global organic agriculture. It includes contributions from representatives of the organic sector from throughout the world and provides comprehensive organic farming statistics that cover surface area under organic management, specific information about land use in organic systems, numbers of farms and other operator types  as well as selected market data.    The book also contains information on the global market for organic food, the latest developments in organic certification, information on standards and regulations as well as insights into current and emerging trends for organic agriculture in Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, North America and Oceania.  In...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Africa; Asia; European Union; North America; World.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://orgprints.org/25188/1/1606-organic-world-2013.pdf

Influence of poultry composted manure on soil organic carbon and selected soil properties under Tomato cultivation
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Wahab, Adesina A; Dada, Olasunkanmi A; Aina, Oluseyi; Agbanna, Kola; Hamza, Abdulmajeed.
Soil quality improvements provide an environment for plant nutrient uptake that impacts the development and yield of the crop. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of applied poultry composted organic manure (PCOM) on selected soil physical attributes and soil organic carbon content (SOC) under two tomatoes (UC82B and BESKE) varieties planted in succession. Three rates 0, 10 and 20 t ha-1 of compost were applied to two tomato varieties. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design (split-plot layout). The soil physical parameters considered are - bulk density, aggregate stability, total porosity and SOC. It was observed that application of PCOM increased SOC, total porosity, aggregate stability and decreased the bulk density in the...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Palavras-chave: Soil quality; Composting and manuring; Africa.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://orgprints.org/33054/17/30%20Wahab%20AA%20Article.pdf

The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2012
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
The World of Organic Agriculture - Statistics and Emerging Trends 2012 documents recent developments in global organic agriculture. “The World of Organic Agriculture 2012“ includes contributions from representatives of the organic sector from throughout the world and provides comprehensive organic farming statistics that cover surface area under organic management, numbers of farms and specific information about land use in organic systems. The book also contains information on the global market for organic food, the latest developments in organic certification, standards and regulations and insights into current status and emerging trends for organic agriculture by geographical region. In addition, the volume contains a number of country reports:...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Africa; European Union; Latin America.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://orgprints.org/25208/1/1581-organic-world-2012.pdf

Organic Food and Farming in Tanzania
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Kledal, Paul Rye; Kwai, Noel.
Organic production is located mostly in the northern and eastern parts of Tanzania. Production consists mainly of coffee, tea, nuts, spices and various types of vegetables. In addition to the fertile soils and good climatic conditions in this part of the country, urban centres, accessible infrastructure, and transportation possibilities play an important role. For example, the northern region of Kagera, bordering Uganda, is only 200 kilometres from the Ugandan capital Kampala with its international airport Entebbe. The region of Arusha, close to the fertile volcano soils of Kilimanjaro, likewise has an international airport, and in the east at the coast, the Tanzanian capital Dar es Salaam (which is Arabic for ‘heaven of peace’), offers international air...
Tipo: Book chapter
Palavras-chave: Africa.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://orgprints.org/17934/1/kledal%2Dkwai%2D2010%2Dworld%2Dorganic%2Dagriculture.pdf

CONSUMER CHARACTERISTICS AND PREFERENCES FOR ORGANIC PRODUCTS IN KAMPALA, UGANDA
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Anecho, Stephen.
This study describes the findings from a consumer survey that was conducted to understand the consumer characteristics and preferences for organic products in Kampala, Uganda. The survey used a mall intercept survey method to investigate consumer revealed preferences for key organic and conventional products attributes. A face-to-face interview was used to collect data on consumer preferences towards organic food attributes that reveals preference for specific organic and conventional products. The survey was conducted in two purely organic retail outlets in Kampala as well as from consumer outlets that sell conventional alongside few organic products. A sample of 228 respondents was interviewed. An empirical analysis of the factors that influenced...
Tipo: Thesis
Palavras-chave: Consumer issues; Africa.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://orgprints.org/30908/1/Anecho%20Stephen%20Msc%20Final%20Thesis.pdf

Opportunities and challenges for integrating dairy cattle  into farms with certified organic pineapple production  as perceived by smallholder farmers in Central Uganda
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Nalubwama, Sylvia; Kabi, Fred; Vaarst, Mette; Kiggundu, Muhammad; Smolders, Gidi.
A study was conducted in 2013 to assess opportunities and challenges of integrating dairy cattle into organic pineapple production in Uganda. Thirty organic pineapple farmers were interviewed using a semistructured questionnaire. The main dairy cattle management systems were tethering (73%) and zero grazing (27%). Average landholding was 1.74 ± 1.06 and 3.75 ± 2.70 ha for zero grazing and tethering systems, respectively. All farms were diversified with various livestock such as cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, and chickens and crops including pineapples, maize, coffee, bananas, beans, sweet potatoes, and cassava. The level of integration of dairy cattle into pineapple production depended on the distance of crop fields from the livestock enterprises. More farms...
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: Dairy cattle; Africa.
Ano: 14
URL: http://orgprints.org/32998/1/Nalubwama_et_al-2018-Organic_Agriculture%20%281%29.pdf

Papers presented at the Session "Global Organic Market Overview"
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Luttikholt, Louise; Batcha, Laura; Willer, Helga; Xing, Jianping; Flores, Patricia; Menon, Manoj; Sahota, Amarjit.
The global organic market develops dynamically. Organic 3.0  postulates further growth, inclusiveness and  rientation towards a more differentiated sustainability products market. At this session, the  market information from the IFOAM – Organics International/FiBL statistics book was deepened to reflect about trends and strategic market positioning.
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Palavras-chave: Africa; Asia; Latin America; North America; World; Europe.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://orgprints.org/34608/1/Amudavi-2019-Biofach-2019.pdf

Nitrogen release and synchrony in organic and conventional farming systems of the Central Highlands of Kenya
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Musyoka, Martha W.; Adamtey, Noah; Bünemann, Else K.; Muriuki, Anne W.; Karanja, Edward N.; Mucheru-Muna, Monica; Fiaboe, Komi K.M.; Cadisch, Georg.
To match Nitrogen (N) supply to crop N demand, it is essential to understand N release and uptake patterns in different farming systems and crops. To assesses the dynamics of N released in organic and conventional systems and potential synchrony and asynchrony in crop N uptake, a study was conducted over three cropping seasons (potato, maize and leafy vegetables) at two sites in the Central Highlands of Kenya. Mineral-N release and synchrony were monitored in conventional and organic systems at high (recommended N, P, pesticides and irrigation) and low input (low N, P, pesticide use and rainfed) systems. Mineral-N release was assessed using in situ buried bags and N synchrony was measured by the daily differences in N fluxes. The percentage of N applied...
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: Soil quality; Composting and manuring; Africa.
Ano: 2019

Microbial biomass and acid phosphomonoesterase activity in soils of the Central Highlands of Kenya
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Kiboi, M. N.; Ngetich, K. F.; Mugendi, D. N.; Muriuki, A.; Adamtey, N.; Fliessbach, A.
Soil biological properties are the most sensitive soil quality indicators that respond quickly to short-term soil fertility management changes. We studied the combined effects of tillage and soil external inputs on total soil organic carbon and nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) and acid phosphomonoesterase activity (ACP). This was done in Meru South and Kandara sub-counties in Kenya for three consecutive cropping seasons. Tillage was the main factor [minimum (D0) and conventional (D15)], and soil external inputs were the sub-factors: sole mineral fertiliser (F), crop residues + mineral fertiliser (RF), crop residues + animal manure + legume intercrop Dolichos lablab L. (RML), crop residues + mineral fertiliser + animal manure...
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: Farming Systems; Soil biology; Africa; Farm nutrient management.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://orgprints.org/34443/2/1-s2.0-S2352009418301366-main.pdf

De la vulnérabilité au prestige? L’agriculture écologique et biologique, un outil de négociation et d’exercice du pouvoir des femmes
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Delphine, Bodjrenou.
Les études en agriculture écologique et biologique montrent très peu d’intérêt aux questions langagières en général et celles des femmes en particulier en considérant à tort ou à raison les travaux linguistiques comme non adéquates en agriculture. Toutefois, la langue se trouve au cœur de toute discipline et c’est qui nous motive lorsque nous nous intéressons au discours de femmes qui s’investissent dans ce mode de production. Au Bénin, les femmes rurales sont au cœur des systèmes de production agricole où elles jouent des rôles primordiaux. Néanmoins, à l’heure de s’exprimer, elles sont reléguées au second rang et deviennent des invisibles et des sans voix. Ceci revient au fait que si la femme doit parler, étant la propriété privée d’un homme, cet homme...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Palavras-chave: Africa.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://orgprints.org/33631/3/47%20Bodjrenou%20Delphine%20Article.pdf

Influence of the cultivated plant diversity on the abundance of arthropod trophic groups and Helicoverpa armigera biological control in tomato cropping systems in Benin
Provedor de dados: Organic Eprints
Autores: Dassou, Anicet Gbèblonoudo; Vodouhe, Simplice Davo; Bokonon-Ganta, Aimé.
With the aim of optimizing pest management, a study was carried out to determine the effect of cultivated plant diversity on arthropod communities and Helicoverpa armigera regulation in tomato cropping systems. Therefore, the diversity of cultivated plants and arthropod communities were assessed within and around tomato fields from 30 farmer’s fields randomly selected in South of Benin. In each tomato field, an experimental plot (or elementary plot) (20x20m) in the center of each tomato field was delimited. Each experimental plot was subdivided into a 4 m by 4 m quadrats in which all cropped plants were identified and counted. In the center of each quadrat, one Pitfall trap with soapy water leading to 25 Pitfall traps per field was placed and uplifted...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Palavras-chave: Food systems; Africa; Countries and regions.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://orgprints.org/33433/3/40%20Anicet%20Gb%C3%A8blonoudo%20Dassou%20Article.pdf

Value added of Cluster Membership for Micro Enterprises of the Handloom Sector in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ali,   Merima; Peerlings,   Jack H.M.
By contrasting the performance of clustered micro enterprises with that of dispersed ones in the handloom sector in Ethiopia, this study shows that clustering significantly increases profit. To correct for selection bias, we match clustered and dispersed micro enterprises that share similar observable characteristics except for being clustered both in urban and rural areas. Results show that clustering is more profitable in urban than rural areas. It is also found that regional specific factors determining clustering of micro enterprises are different in urban and rural areas, highlighting the need to focus on local circumstances when formulating policies to promote clusters.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cluster; Micro enterprises; Propensity score matching; Handloom; Africa; Ethiopia.; Industrial Organization; L10; L67; R12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49922

Food security for sub-Saharan Africa: does water scarcity limit the options?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Gowing,   John W.
Future food security can be achieved only by delivering substantial increases in agricultural production, but this has important implications for water availability. Water scarcity is not currently a major issue in sub-Saharan Africa, but it would be a mistake to neglect this issue. It would be a mistake also to assume that only plans for irrigated agriculture are affected. It should be recognised that a land-use decision is also a water-use decision. A plan based on improving rain-fed agriculture through adoption of measures to make better use of rainfall brings trade-offs in that there may be less runoff to satisfy the water needs of downstream users and environmental functions. Planning for future food security requires integrated analysis of land-use...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food security; Water scarcity; Irrigation; Agriculture; Africa; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47864

The Food Retail Revolution in Poor Countries: Is It Coming or Is It Over?: Evidence From Madagascar
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Minten,   Bart.
Global retail chains are becoming increasingly dominant in the global food trade and their rise leads to dramatic impacts on agricultural supply chains and on small producers. However, the prospects and impacts of a food retail revolution in poor countries are not yet well understood. Here, we examine this question in Madagascar, a poor but stable country where global retailers have been present for over a decade. Our survey and analysis finds that while global retail chains sell better quality food, their prices are 40 to 90% higher, ceteris paribus, than those seen in traditional retail markets. In poor settings, characterized by high food price elasticities, a lack of willingness to pay for quality, and small retail margins, supermarkets appear to set...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food retail; Supermarkets; Food quality; Africa; Madagascar; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42394

Atlas demographique des populations de poissons d'eau douce d'Afrique
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Moreau,   J.; Palomares,   M.L.D.; Torres,   F.S.B.; Pauly,   Daniel.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Freshwater fish; Population dynamics; Stock assessment; Growth curves; Catch/effort; Recruitment; Fishery biology; Africa; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44838

Smallholder Heterogeneity and Maize Market Participation in Southern and Eastern Africa: Implications for Investment Strategies to Increase Marketed Food Staple Supply
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Mather,   David; Boughton,   Duncan; Jayne,   Thomas S.
In many African countries, as well as in other parts of the world where a significant part of the rural population is poor and food insecure, policymakers face what is called the food price dilemma. On the one hand, they need to provide farmers with incentives to increase the quantity of marketed food staples to feed a growing population, especially in rapidly growing urban centers where unrest can be politically destabilizing. On the other hand, because staple foods account for a large portion of total household expenditures for both urban and rural households, policymakers also are drawn to policies that lower the retail price of staple foods for consumers. Achieving both objectives – increasing marketed supplies of food staples while maintaining low...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Maize; Africa; Food security; Food supply; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118473

Potential Impacts of a Green Revolution in Africa – the Case of Ghana
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Breisinger,   Clemens; Diao,   Xinshen; Thurlow,   James; Al-Hassan,   Ramatu M.
Agricultural growth in Africa has accelerated, yet most of this growth has been driven by land expansion. Land expansion potential is reaching its limits, urging governments to shift towards a green revolution type of productivity-led growth. Given the huge public investments required, this paper aims to assess the potential impacts of a green revolution. Results from a CGE model for Ghana show that green revolution type growth is strongly pro-poor and provides substantial transfers to the rest of the economy, thus providing a powerful argument to raise public expenditure on agriculture to make a green revolution happen in Africa.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Green Revolution; Growth; Poverty; Africa; Ghana; CGE; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; D58; O13; O55.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51086

Land Degradation in Ethiopia: What do Stoves Have to Do with it?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Gebreegziabher,   Zenebe; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; van Soest,   Daan P.
Land degradation is a particularly vexing problem in developing countries; as forests are depleted, crop residues and dung are used for fuel, which degrades cropland. In Ethiopia, the government encourages tree planting and adoption of energy efficient stove technologies to mitigate land degradation. We use data from 200 households in Tigrai, Ethiopia to examine the adoption of new stove technologies. Adoption is an economic decision, related to savings in time spent collecting fuel and cooking, and cattle required for everyday purposes. Results indicate adopters of efficient stoves reduce respective wood and dung use by 68 and 316 kg per month.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land degradation; Technology adoption; Africa; Ethiopia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O55; Q24; Q55.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37026

Smallholder Household Maize Production and Marketing Behavior in Zambia and Its Implications for Policy.
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Zulu,   Ballard; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Beaver,   Margaret.
The ability of agricultural policy makers to promote national development objectives requires an accurate and reasonably current picture of what crops farmers grow, what they eat, the importance of various crops in their incomes, and how they spend their money. In Zambia’s case, there is reasonably accurate information on production levels and trends in a specific set of crops grown by smallholder farmers, but very little knowledge of how important these specific crops are in smallholders’ total crop incomes, the importance of crop production in total smallholder incomes (which include livestock and non-farm activities), and how changes in crop prices affect smallholders’ welfare. This paper presents a comprehensive picture of crop production and marketing...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Maize; Marketing; Production; Zambia; Africa; Crop Production/Industries; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54481

Cotton in Zambia: 2007 Assessment of its Organization, Performance, Current Policy Initiatives, and Challenges for the Future
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Tschirley,   David L.; Kabwe,   Stephen.
Cotton is one unquestioned success of Zambia’s turn towards a market economy. After liberalization in late 1994, production rose from 20,000 mt to over 100,000 mt in the 1998 harvest year. After collapsing to less than 50,000 mt in 2000, it has risen steadily, nearing 200,000 mt in 2005. Over 2002-2005, exports of cotton lint were first among all agricultural exports in value, 30% higher than any other agricultural export (Export Board of Zambia 2006). The closest competitor to cotton during this time –raw cane sugar –is primarily produced on large operations, while cotton is almost entirely a smallholder crop. Its potential role in poverty alleviation and food security is, thus, very large. The success of this sector has been achieved despite persistent...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Policy; Zambia; Africa; Cotton; Crop Production/Industries; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54485

Was There a Credit Crunch in Namibia Between 1996-2000?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ikhide,   Sylvanus.
Commercial bank credit is a useful tool for promoting economic growth especially at the early stages of development. It has been observed that between 1996 and the early part of 2000, the growth rate of real credit to the private sector declined significantly in Namibia. This period coincided with observed strong demand for commercial bank loans. There has therefore been public discourse on the possibility of a restriction in the supply of credit by commercial banks and hence the occurrence of a credit crunch in the economy since commercial bank lending capacity did not fall. This paper attempts to provide some evidence in this regard by examining the main determinants of commercial bank credit in the economy and ascertaining if credit has been demand or...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Africa; Namibia; Credit crunch; Asymmetric information; Economic growth; Financial Economics; E51.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43995

Local and Regional Food Aid Procurement: An Assessment of Experience in Africa and Elements of Good Donor Practice.
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Tschirley,   David L.; del Castillo,   Anne Marie.
This report discusses the potential for procurement of food aid in local/regional markets to improve the effectiveness of response to food emergency victims. The paper examines the relevance of local/regional procurement (LRP) to donors and the rationale for using it, reviews LRP’s efficiency relative to in-kind food aid and to local prices in the markets in which it occurs (focusing on Africa), proposes a classification of risks involved in LRP, discusses a range of potential LRP modalities, and closes by proposing a framework of guiding principles, information systems, and operational procedures for responsible and effective LRP.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Africa; Food security; Food policy; Food aid; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54562

Le Coton en Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre: Adaptation d’un Modèle réussi à de nouvelles réalités
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Kelly,   Valerie A.; Tschirley,   David L.
Produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development under the WACIP project funded by USAID (Programme de Renforcement du Secteur Coton en Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Africa; Cotton; Crop Production/Industries; Q13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55359

Population and Sustainability: Understanding Population, Environment, and Development Linkages
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Clay,   Daniel C.; Reardon,   Thomas.
The triple challenge of rapid population growth, declining agricultural productivity, and natural resource degradation are not isolated from one another; they are intimately related. However, strategic planning and development programming tend to focus on individual sectors such as the environment, agriculture, and population; they do not explicitly take into account the compatibilities and inconsistencies among them. Farm households and their livelihood strategies are at the core of the intersectoral linkages approach advocated in this chapter. Three key aspects of the population-environment-development debate are discussed: first, the finding that inconsistencies between public and individual household behavior regarding childbearing and family planning...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Africa; Agriculture; Rwanda; Population; Sustainability; Environment; Food security; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Q56.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57055

The Structure and Behavior of Vegetable Markets Serving Lusaka: Main Report.
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Tschirley,   David L.; Hichaambwa,   Munguzwe.
Rapid growth in urban populations and renewed growth in per capita incomes in  Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are creating major opportunities for local farmers by driving rapid growth in domestic market demand for food. At the same time, these trends plus rising income are putting enormous stress on the supply chains that these farmers rely on to respond to this increasing demand: demand for marketed food is likely to grow more than 5% per year on the continent, doubling marketed volumes in 12-14 years. Currently, fresh produce marketing systems are the biggest users of public marketing infrastructure, and have been most severely affected by the lack of investment in these systems across much of the continent. This lack of investment has led to an exploding...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Africa; Produce; Vegetable markets; Zambia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Marketing.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93006

Crop switching as a strategy for adapting to climate change
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Kurukulasuriya,   Pradeep; Mendelsohn,   Robert.
This paper examines the impact of climate change on primary crops grown in Africa. An innovative approach is presented that bridges the gap between agro-economic and traditional Ricardian models. We label it a ‘structural Ricardian model’. It first captures the type of crop a farmer will select and then examines the conditional net revenue of that crop. The model is estimated using a sample of over 5000 farmers across 11 countries in Africa. The analysis finds that farmers shift the crops they plant to match the climate they face. Studies that fail to account for crop switching will overestimate the damages from climate change and underestimate the benefits.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Crops; Africa; Crop Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56970

Competition between the U.S. and West Africa in International Cotton Trade: A Focus on Import Demand in China
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Muhammad,   Andrew; McPhail,   Lihong Lu; Kiawu,   James.
We estimate the demand for imported cotton in China and assess the competitiveness of cotton-exporting countries. Given the assertion that African cotton producers are ill affected by U.S. cotton subsidies, our focus is the price competition between the C4 countries (Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad and Mali) and United States in China. Demand estimates are used to project how U.S. prices affect China’s imports by country. In comparing demand projections, results show that the relationship between the United States and the C4 has more to do with how U.S. prices can affect global prices rather than any substitute or competitive relationship in the Chinese market.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Africa; China; Cotton; Demand; Imports; United States; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; F17; Q11; Q17.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103210

AN EXAMINATION OF PROFIT INEFFICIENCY OF RICE FARMERS IN NORTHERN GHANA
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Abdulai,   Awudu; Huffman,   Wallace E.
This paper employs a stochastic frontier model to examine profit inefficiency of rice farmers in the Northern Region of Ghana using farm-level survey data. The efficiency index, based on a half-normal distribution of the stochastic error term is related to farm and household characteristics. The empirical results show that farmers' human capital represented by the level of schooling contributes positively to production efficiency, suggesting that investment in farmers' education improves their allocative performance. Access to credit and greater specialization in rice production, are found to be positively related to production efficiency. A farmer's participation in nonfarm employment and being older, however, reduce production efficiency.  Farmers...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Africa; Ghana; Production efficiency; Profit frontier; Rice; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18271

Does Land Abundance Explain African Institutions?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Fenske,   James.
I show how abundant land and scarce labor shaped African institutions before colonial rule. I present a model in which exogenous suitability of the land for agriculture and endogenously evolving population determine the existence of land rights, slavery, and polygyny. I then use cross-sectional data on pre-colonial African societies to demonstrate that, consistent with the model, the existence of land rights, slavery, and polygyny occurred in those parts of Africa that were the most suitable for agriculture, and in which population density was greatest. Next, I use the model to explain institutions among the Egba of southwestern Nigeria from 1830 to 1914. While many Egba institutions were typical of a land-abundant environment, they sold land and had...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Africa; Institutions; Land rights; Slavery; Polygyny; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; N57; O10.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55707

Accelerating Growth and Structural Transformation: Ghana’s Options for Reaching Middle-Income Country Status
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Breisinger,   Clemens; Diao,   Xinshen; Thurlow,   James; Yu,   Bingxin; Kolavalli,   Shashidhara.
Ghana is an emerging success story in Africa and in a couple of years will become the first African country to achieve the first Millennium Development Goal of halving its national poverty rate. The government of Ghana has therefore extended its development vision and recently declared the goal of reaching middle-income-country (MIC) status by 2015. To analyze possible pathways and implications of achieving MIC status, this paper examines other countries’ experiences on their way to becoming MICs and emphasizes the important role of growth acceleration, export diversification, and economic structural change in the transformation process. The paper further analyzes Ghana’s growth options and their structural implications using a dynamic computable general...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Growth and development; Middle income country; Applied general equilibrium modeling; Ghana; Africa; International Development.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42347

Assessment of Kenya's Domestic Horticultural Production and Marketing Systems and Lessons for the Future
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Tschirley,   David L.; Ayieko,   Miltone W.
After reviewing trends in the production and marketing of fresh produce for the domestic market in Kenya since 1997, this paper presents detailed information on the structure of the flow of this produce from rural areas to wholesale markets in Nairobi and from those wholesale markets to assorted retail markets. Market shares are estimated by product for geographic areas supplying Nairobi, and for each important wholesale and retail market in the city. It is found that horticultural production for the domestic market is keeping up with rural population growth but not with the much faster urban population growth. The urban wholesaling and retailing system has decentralized dramatically and with little planning over the past two decades in response to lack of...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Africa; Horticulture; Market; Production; Crop Production/Industries; Q13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55431

Spatial Disadvantages or Spatial Poverty Traps: Household Evidence from Rural Kenya.
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Burke,   William J.; Jayne,   Thomas S.
The goals of this study are: 1) to determine the relative importance of spatial factors in explaining household wealth; 2) to identify the spatial characteristics of the chronically poorest, the consistently well off, and households escaping from poverty as well as descending into poverty; 3) to determine effects of compound disadvantages on the likelihood of chronic poverty; and 4) to assess the evidence of spatial poverty traps (SPTs).  Quantitative analysis is conducted using panel data collected from 1275 households, each surveyed four times with a structured questionnaire over an 11 year period from 1997 to 2007. We identified four distinct groups. The chronically poor are defined as households remaining consistently in the bottom third (tercile) of...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Africa; Food security; Kenya; Spatial; Poverty; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54560

Trends and Spatial Distribution of Public Agricultural Spending in Zambia: Implication for Agricultural Productivity Growth
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Govereh,   Jones; Malawo,   Emma; Lungu,   Tadeyo; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Chinyama,   Kasweka; Chilonda,   Pius.
This paper assesses the level and composition of the Zambia’s public expenditures in the agricultural sector from 2000 to 2008. By measuring the size of public agricultural expenditures, the study will answer whether the Government of Zambia met CAADP’s target of allocating 10% of national budget to agriculture in 2008. Furthermore, examining what the fund is being spent on will shed light on the extent to which spending contributes to agricultural growth. This review will also characterize the spatial patterns of expenditures across provincial boundaries. The results of this work will hopefully lay a foundation for future analysis of  the impacts of public agricultural spending on sector performance.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Policy; Zambia; Africa; Public finance; Growth; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54497

The Value of Accurate Crop Production Forecasts.
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Jayne,   Thomas S.; Rashid,   Shahidur.
Crop production forecasts are widely recognized as an important input into food balance sheets and for anticipating production shortfalls. However, the role of accurate crop production forecasting systems in mitigating food price instability and transitory food insecurity is often under-appreciated. This paper explains how crop production forecasting systems affect price instability and risks, and how they can be improved to stabilize the food system.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Africa; Food security; Forecasts; Production; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Productivity Analysis; C10; Q11.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97032

Successful Community-Based Seed Production Strategies
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Designed to address the issues that limit the access of small-scale farmers in sub-Saharan Africa to quality, affordable seed of the crops on which they depend for food security and livelihoods, this collection of articles describes successful principles for and experiences in community-based seed production. Among other things, the manuscripts analyze current seed production systems and models; propose ways to design successful community-based seed production schemes; describe proper seed production practices for selected cereals, vegetatively propagated plants, and other crops; and outline basic business practices for seed producers.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Seed production; Food security; Quality; Plant propagation; Crops; Models; Farmers; Partnerships; Small farms; Business management; Africa; Crop Production/Industries; F03; E10.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56188

Smallholder Income Diversification in Zambia: The Way Out of Poverty?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Bigsten,   Arne; Tengstam,   Sven.
This paper investigates the relationship between income diversification and income change within Zambian smallholder households, and investigates what the constraints of income diversification are in this group. A panel data set of roughly 7000 smallholder farmer households interviewed in 2001 and 2004 is used. Different combinations of the four main income generating activities – farm income, agricultural wage work, non-agricultural wagework, and own-business income – are analyzed.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Policy; Zambia; Africa; Smallholder; Income; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54490

What is the irrigation potential for Africa? A Combined Biophysical and Socioeconomic Approach
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: You,   Liangzhi; Ringler,   Claudia; Nelson,   Gerald C.; Wood-Sichra,   Ulrike; Robertson,   Richard D.; Wood,   Stanley; Guo,   Zhe; Zhu,   Tingju; Sun,   Yan.
Although irrigation in Africa has the potential to boost agricultural productivities by at least 50 percent, food production on the continent is almost entirely rainfed. The area equipped for irrigation, currently slightly more than 13 million hectares, makes up just 6 percent of the total cultivated area. Eighty-five percent of Africa’s poor live in rural areas and mostly depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. As a result, agricultural development is key to ending poverty on the continent. Many development organizations have recently proposed to significantly increase investments in irrigation in the region. However, the potential for irrigation investments in Africa is highly dependent upon geographic, hydrologic, agronomic, and economic factors...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Irrigation potential; Internal rate of return; Large-scale irrigation; Small-scale irrigation; Investment; Africa; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93736

Local and Regional Food Aid Procurement: An Assessment of Experience in Africa and Elements of Good Donor Practice
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Tschirley,   David L.; del Castillo,   Anne Marie.
This report discusses the potential for procurement of food aid in local/regional markets to improve the effectiveness of response to food emergency victims. The paper examines the relevance of local/regional procurement (LRP) to donors and the rationale for using it, reviews LRP’s efficiency relative to in-kind food aid and to local prices in the markets in which it occurs (focusing on Africa), proposes a classification of risks involved in LRP, discusses a range of potential LRP modalities, and closes by proposing a framework of guiding principles, information systems, and operational procedures for responsible and effective LRP.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Policy; Zambia; Africa; Food aid; Crop Production/Industries; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54486

Do Fertilizer Subsidies Affect the Demand for Commercial Fertilizer? An Example from Malawi
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ricker-Gilbert,   Jacob; Jayne,   Thomas S.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/24/09.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Africa; Fertilizer subsidies; Panel data; Double hurdle model; Endogeneity; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51606

SECURITY IS LIKE OXYGEN: EVIDENCE FROM UGANDA
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Zhang,   Xiaobo.
Since the early 1990s, Uganda has been one of Africa’s fastest growing countries. However, at the sub-national level, growth has been uneven due to civil conflict in the northern region. Using a panel of household and community level data, this paper examines the links between security and economic growth. It is found that security is a pre-condition for successful economic development and that there is in fact a threshold level of security below which public investments in infrastructure and education have little impact on growth. Only when security exceeds this threshold do public investments stimulate economic growth. Economists and policy advisors living in peaceful countries often prescribe economic policies that hinge on the assumption of good...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Security; Civil Strife; Growth; Poverty; Uganda; Africa; International Development; Political Economy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16172

Local and Regional Food Aid Procurement in Zambia
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Haggblade,   Steven; Tschirley,   David L.
By law, US food aid relies on commodity procurement in the US. A powerful political coalition of US farm groups, shippers and relief agencies vigorously supports these in-kind food aid donation. As an alternative, local procurement of food aid, in Africa, has attracted growing interest because of its potential to reduce landed costs and speed delivery times. For this reason, many food aid donors, other than the US, have switched to local and regional procurement of food aid commodities. This paper reviews experience with local and regional food aid procurement in Zambia. The study focuses primarily on experience of the World Food Programme (WFP), the agency with the most extensive experience conducting local and regional procurement in Africa. WFP’s...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Policy; Zambia; Africa; Food aid; Crop Production/Industries; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54487

Dairy development in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ahmed,   Mohamed A. M.; Ehui,   Simeon K.; Assefa,   Yemesrach.
Ethiopia holds large potential for dairy development due to its large livestock population, the favorable climate for improved, high-yielding animal breeds, and the relatively disease-free environment for livestock. Given the considerable potential for smallholder income and employment generation from high-value dairy products, development of the dairy sector in Ethiopia can contribute significantly to poverty alleviation and nutrition in the country. Like other sectors of the economy, the dairy sector in Ethiopia has passed through three phases or turning points, following the economic and political policy in the country. In the most recent phase, characterized by the transition towards market-oriented economy, the dairy sector appears to be moving...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ethiopia; Dairy; Livestock; Dairy products industry; Livestock productivity; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; East Africa; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60321

Seed Cotton Market Structure and Cotton Sector Performance: Many Lessons but No Fixed Prescriptions
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Kelly,   Valerie A.; Tschirley,   David L.
Produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development under the WACIP project funded by USAID (Programme de Renforcement du Secteur Coton en Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Cotton; Seed; Market structure; Africa; Crop Production/Industries; Q13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55360

Variation in Staple Food Prices in Eastern and Southern Africa: Causes, Consequences and Policy Options
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
AAMP Policy Briefing 1 January, 2010 This brief summarizes the policy implications of three thematic papers and seven country background papers prepared for the COMESA-ACTESA policy seminar on “Variations in staple food prices: Causes, consequences, and policy implications.” There is little controversy about the need for governments to support staple food markets with infrastructure, market information, agricultural research, and other public goods. However, many of the most costly agricultural programs in eastern and southern Africa involve raising food prices to protect farmers, lowering food prices to protect consumers, and reducing volatility in food prices through a variety of mechanisms including tariffs, export restrictions, public trading in staple...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Africa; Food policy; Marketing; Prices; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; International Development; Marketing; Q18; Q11.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62158

THE IMPACTS OF U.S. COTTON PROGRAMS ON THE WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICAN COUNTRIES COTTON EXPORT EARNINGS
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Fadiga,   Mohamadou L.; Mohanty,   Samarendu; Pan,   Suwen.
This study uses a stochastic simulation approach based on a partial equilibrium structural econometric model of the world fiber market to examine the effects of a removal of U.S. cotton programs on the world market. The effects on world cotton prices and African export earnings were analyzed. The results suggest that on average an elimination of U.S. cotton programs would lead to a marginal increase in the world cotton prices thus resulting in minimal gain for cotton exporting countries in Africa.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Stochastic simulation; Partial equilibrium model; United States; Africa; Cotton subsidies; Export earnings; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Q11; Q17.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20312

Input Use and Conservation Investments among Farm Households in Rwanda: Patterns and Determinants
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Clay,   Daniel C.; Kelly,   Valerie A.; Mpyisi,   Edson; Reardon,   Thomas.
One of the Government of Rwanda’s key post-war policy objectives has been to increase agricultural productivity and ensure food security by promoting a transition from semi-subsistence production and marketing practices to intensive production and highly commercialized agricultural markets. The government wants farmers to increase land and labor productivity through the use of modern inputs, thereby generating substantial surpluses which can be sold to pay for inputs and generate increases in farm incomes.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Africa; Food security; Rwanda; Inputs; Conservation; Households; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; Q12.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57053

The Benefits of Sugarcane Chain Development in Africa
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Fava Neves,   Marcos; Chaddad,   Fabio Ribas.
The International Food and Agribusiness Management Review is published quarterly by IFAMA. www.ifama.org
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Sugar Cane; Strategy; Africa; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Q.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120863

Are Staple Foods Becoming More Expensive For Urban Consumers In Eastern And Southern Africa? Trends in Food Prices, Marketing Margins, and Wage Rates in Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, and Zambia
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Mason,   Nicole M.; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Donovan,   Cynthia; Chapoto,   Antony.
The world food and financial crises threaten to undermine the real incomes of urban consumers in eastern and southern Africa. This study investigates patterns in staple food prices, wage rates, and marketing margins for urban consumers in Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, and Zambia between 1993 and 2009. There is high correlation among wage rate series for various government and private sector categories. We find that average formal sector wages rose at a faster rate than retail maize meal and bread prices in urban Kenya and Zambia between the mid-1990s and 2007. Although the 2007/08 food price crisis partially reversed this trend, the quantities of staple foods affordable per daily wage in urban Kenya and Zambia during the 2008/09 marketing season were still...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Africa; Agriculture; Food security; Prices; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Q11.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53451

Intensifying agricultural sustainability: An analysis of impacts and drivers in the development of ‘bright spots’
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Noble,   Andrew D.; Bossio,   Deborah A.; Penning de Vries,   Frits W.T.; Pretty,   Jules N.; Thiyagarajan,   T.M.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Farming systems; Sustainable agriculture; Productivity; Investment; Thailand; Palestine; Latin America; Africa; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91818

Promoting Fertilizer Use in Africa: Current Issues and Empirical Evidence from Malawi, Zambia, and Kenya
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Minde,   Isaac J.; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Crawford,   Eric W.; Ariga,   Joshua; Jones,   Govereh.
It is generally agreed that increasing agricultural productivity                         is critical to stimulating the rate of economic growth in Africa.                         There are many important and often complementary                         determinants of agricultural productivity. In this brief and the                         full paper it draws from, the focus is on fertilizer and                         improved seed, without intending to imply that they are the                         only or most significant productivity  determinants.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Fertilizer; Africa; Malawi; Zambia; Kenya; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54509

The Impacts of Trade Barriers and Market Interventions on Maize Price Predictability: Evidence from Eastern and Southern Africa
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Chapoto,   Antony; Jayne,   Thomas S.
There is continuing debate in east and southern Africa about the effects of food market reform on the welfare of small-scale farmers and low-income consumers. At the center of this debate is the perception that food prices have become more unstable in countries that have liberalized their staple food markets, thereby exacerbating the plight of poor consumers and farmers. This perception has led many governments in the region to shun an open maize borders policy and pursue a variety of food marketing and trade policy tools to stabilize food prices. Unfortunately, there remains a dearth of empirical evidence on the effects of alternative food marketing and trade policies, including that of liberalization, on price stability and predictability. Assessments of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Africa; Food security; Maize; Trade; Markets; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56798

Are there customary rights to plants? An inquiry among the Baganda (Uganda), with special attention to gender
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Howard,   Patricia L.; Nabanoga,   Gorettie.
Debates around Common Property Resources and Intellectual Property Rights fail to consider traditional and indigenous rights regimes that regulate plant resource exploitation, establish bundles of powers and obligations for heterogeneous groups of users, and create differential entitlements to benefits that are related to social structures. Such rights regimes are important to maintaining biodiversity and to human welfare; failing to recognize them presents dangers. The case study investigates the gendered nature of informal rights to selected tree and plant species that are distinct from, but related to, customary rights to land and trees, and are embedded in cosmology and social norms.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Common Property Resources; Intellectual Property Rights; Plant resources; Gender; Africa; Uganda; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50033

Market Integration with Transaction Costs in Developing  Country Staple Food Markets: the Case of the Malawi Maize market
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Zant,   Wouter.
We investigate measurement of market integration of staple food markets in developing countries. The analysis takes the Parity Bound Model as starting point and modifies this model by parameterizing and estimating transaction costs. The specification of transaction costs takes account of transport costs, fixed source costs, fixed destination costs, ad valorem taxes &amp; levies and seasonality an is implemented on the basis of a specific sub-sample of price differentials. Price differentials combined with predicted transaction costs enable the measurement of market integration for each location and each period. The proposed method is applied to the Malawi maize market with monthly data from June 1999 to October 2009 for 26 districts. This period covers two...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food markets; Transaction costs; Trade; Market integration; Parity Bound Model; Malawi; Africa; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing; F14; Q13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95777

Potential for Intra-Regional Maize Trade in Southern Africa: an Analysis for Zambia at the Sub-National Level
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Haggblade,   Steven; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Tschirley,   David L.; Longabaugh,   Steven.
This working paper explores the prospects for regional                         maize trade in helping to stabilize food availability and prices                          in Zambia. It reviews these general prospects within the                         maize economy of southern Africa. Given the important                         regional differences in Zambia’s food economy, it explores                         spatial differences in national food production, consumption                         and marketed surpluses. It also evaluates the impact of                         regional maize trade on price stability and food security in                         different parts of Zambia. The empirical evidence from                         Zambia, summarized in this...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Policy; Zambia; Africa; Maize; Trade; Crop Production/Industries; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54494

Evidence of Returns to Schooling in Africa from Household Surveys: Monitoring and Restructuring the Market for Education
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Schultz,   T. Paul.
Wage-differentials by education of men and women are examined from African household surveys to suggest private wage returns to schooling. It is commonly asserted that returns are highest at primary school levels and decrease at secondary and postsecondary levels, whereas private returns in six African countries are today highest at the secondary and post secondary levels, and rates are similar for women as for men. The large public subsidies for postsecondary education in Africa, therefore, are not needed to motivate students to enroll, and those who have in the past enrolled in these levels of education are disproportionately from the better-educated families. Higher education in Africa could be more efficient and more equitably distributed if the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Africa; Wage returns to schooling; Inequality; HIV; AIDS; Labor and Human Capital; 015; 055; J31; J24.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28481

Determinants of African farmers’ strategies for adapting to climate change: Multinomial choice analysis
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Hassan,   Rashid M.; Nhemachena,   Charles.
This study analyzed determinants of farm-level climate adaptation measures in Africa using a multinomial choice model fitted to data from a cross-sectional survey of over 8000 farms from 11 African countries. The results indicate that specialized crop cultivation (mono-cropping) is the agricultural practice most vulnerable to climate change in Africa. Warming, especially in summer, poses the highest risk. It encourages irrigation, multiple cropping and integration of livestock. Increased precipitation reduces the probability of irrigation and will benefit most African farms, especially in drier areas. Better access to markets, extension and credit services, technology and farm assets (labor, land and capital) are critical for helping African farmers adapt...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Impacts; Adaptation; Agriculture; Africa; Farm Management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56969

Smallholder Marketing Behavior and Urban Consumption Patterns in Eastern and Southern Africa
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Accurate information on farmer and consumer behavior is the foundation for identifying public investments and policies that can effectively promote national food security and income growth objectives. This policy brief summarizes recent findings from a study on smallholder crop marketing behavior and urban consumption patterns in Eastern and Southern Africa.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Africa; Food policy; Marketing; Smallholders; Consumption; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; Marketing; Q18; Q11; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62155

Asian-driven Resource Booms in Africa: Rethinking the Impacts on Development
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Breisinger,   Clemens; Thurlow,   James.
Today’s resource boom in Africa, driven by Asian economic growth, offers new opportunities for resource-rich African countries. Contrary to the experience of previous booms, however, most mining profits now accrue to foreign companies, leaving little room for governments to use revenues for pro-poor investments or to mitigate adverse distributional impacts. Taking Zambia as a case study, this paper shows that despite privatization, Dutch disease remains a valid concern and may hamper economic diversification, worsen income distribution, and undermine poverty reduction strategies. Mining royalties must, therefore, be increased and used to finance growth-inducing investments that encourage pro-poor economic diversification, else many African countries will...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Dutch disease; Resource booms; Privatization; Income distribution; Africa; Zambia; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42351

A Test of the New Variant Famine Hypothesis: Panel Survey Evidence from Zambia
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Mason,   Nicole M.; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Chapoto,   Antony; Myers,   Robert J.
Replaced with revised version of paper 08/04/09.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: HIV/AIDS; Food security; Rural livelihoods; New variant famine hypothesis; Zambia; Africa; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51485

The changing organizational basis of African agricultural research
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Roseboom,   Johannes; Pardey,   Philip G.; Beintema,   Nienke M.
"November 1998". Also published as ISNAR paper no. 98-17". Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-69).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research--Economic aspects; Research institutes; Africa; Agriculture--Research; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97515

Improving Food Security in Africa: Highlights of 25 Years of Research, Capacity-Building, and Outreach.
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Food Security Group at Michigan State University.
Decades of research have led to substantially improved understanding of the nature of food insecurity. A combination of economic growth and targeted programs resulted in a steady fall (until the food crisis of 2007/08) in the percentage of the world’s population suffering from undernutrition (from 20% in 1990/92 to 16% in 2006). Yet over a billion people still face both chronic and/or transitory food insecurity due to long-standing problems of inadequate income, low-productivity in agricultural production and marketing, and related problems of poor health and absence of clean water. Assuring adequate food security for such a large share of the world’s population is increasingly challenging due to continuing resource degradation driven by a combination of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Africa; Food Security; Research; Capacity building; Outreach; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q10; Q18; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55050

Effects of Trade Openness on Economic Growth: The Case of African Countries
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Yeboah,   Osei-Agyeman; Naanwaab,   Cephas B.; Saleem,   Shaik; Akuffo,   Akua S.
The relationship between trade and productivity has not been established theoretically.  Some researchers have indeed found some, if not complete, support for the view that increasing openness has a positive impact on productivity.  This study used a Cobb-Douglas production function as in Miller and Upadhyay (2000) to estimate the impact of FDI, exchange rate, capital-labor ratio and trade openness on GDP for 38 African countries from 1980 to 2008.  Data were transformed to natural logs and estimated   using alternative panel models; which included one- or-two-way fixed or random effects models.  The results found trade openness having a positive relationship with GDP; which is comparable to findings of Ahmed et al.; (2008).
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade Openness; Productivity; Africa; Cobb Douglas Production Function.; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119795

THE ROAD TO PRO-POOR GROWTH IN ZAMBIA: PAST LESSONS AND FUTURE CHALLENGES
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Thurlow,   James; Wobst,   Peter.
Zambia is one of the poorest countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Almost three-quarters of the population were considered poor at the start of the 1990s, with a vast majority of these people concentrated in rural and remote areas. This extreme poverty arose in spite of Zambia’s seemingly promising prospects following independence. To better understand the failure of growth and poverty-reduction this paper first considers the relationship between the structure of growth and Zambia’s evolving political economy. A strong urban-bias has shaped the country’s growth path leading to a economy both artificially and unsustainably distorted in favor of manufacturing and mining at the expense of rural areas. For agriculture it was the maize-bias of public policies that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Copper mines and mining; Poverty alleviation; Africa; Zambia; Manufacturing industries; Spatial analysis; Household surveys; Agricultural growth; International Development.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60169

The Impact of Life Expectancy in Human Capital Accumulation: AIDS
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Huang,   Rui; Fulginiti,   Lilyan E.; Peterson,   E. Wesley F.
A three period overlapping generations model is developed to investigate the impact of shorter life expectancy due to disease, on human capital investment decisions and income growth. This research is particularly relevant to Sub-Saharan Africa given the dramatic reduction in life expectancy due to HIV/AIDS and the potential lasting effects on growth. Our results indicate that as life expectancy shortens so does schooling inducing a lower growth rate of income.  These relationships are even more pronounced for the African continent than for the rest of the world.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: HIV/AIDS; Africa; Life expectancy; Growth; Overlapping generations.; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22126

Climate change impacts on hydrology and water resources of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Kim,   Ungtae; Kaluarachchi,   Jagath J.; Smakhtin,   Vladimir U.
The report evaluates the impacts of climate change on the hydrological regime and water resources of the Blue Nile River Basin in Ethiopia. It starts from the construction of the climate change scenarios based on the outcomes of several general circulation models (GCMs), uses a simple hydrological model to convert theses scenarios into runoff, and examines the impacts by means of a set of indices. The results, however uncertain with existing accuracy of climate models, suggest that the region is likely to have the future potential to produce hydropower, increase flow duration, and increase water storage capacity without affecting outflows to the riparian countries in the 2050s.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Hydrology; River basins; Runoff; Precipitation; Models; Dams; Operating policies; Water power; Drought; Analysis; Africa; Ethiopia; Egypt; Sudan; Upper Blue Nile River Basin; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53025

Health and Growth: Causality through Education
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Huang,   Rui; Fulginiti,   Lilyan E.; Peterson,   E. Wesley F.
Replaced with revised version of paper 08/24/09.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: HIV/AIDS; Africa; Life expectancy; Growth; Overlapping generations; Health Economics and Policy; International Development; I18; I20; O15.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51735

Commercial Dynamics in Zambia’s Cassava Value Chain
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Haggblade,   Steven; Nyembe,   Misheck.
Cassava production has grown rapidly in Zambia since the early 1990’s. Available evidence suggests that volumes of traded cassava have been increasing roughly twice as fast as production.  Yet this cassava production boom could stall unless commercial markets for it develop. To help accelerate commercial development of cassava and cassava-based products at the national level, Zambia’s Agricultural Consultative Forum (ACF) initiated an Acceleration of Cassava Utilization (ACU) Task Force, beginning in August 2005. At a regional level, efforts such as the Cassava Transformation in Southern Africa (CATISA) project aim to complement national efforts and help facilitate regional spillovers, so that new products, new technologies or new lessons can help to...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Policy; Zambia; Africa; Cassava; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54491

HIV/AIDS and Agrarian Livelihoods in Zambia: A Test of the New Variant Famine Hypothesis
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Mason,   Nicole M.; Chapoto,   Antony; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Myers,   Robert J.
Since the southern African food crisis of 2001/02, the ‘new-variant famine’ (NVF) hypothesis first proposed by de Waal and Whiteside (2003) has become an important part of the conventional wisdom surrounding the relationship between HIV/AIDS and food crises in the region. The NVF hypothesis suggests that HIV/AIDS is eroding agrarian livelihoods and exacerbating the effects of drought and other shocks on agrarian communities. These concepts have begun to shape the HIV/AIDS mitigation and food security policies and programs of governments and development agencies. To date, however, there is a dearth of empirical evidence to support the NVF hypothesis, and there have been no studies specifically designed to tests its predictions.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Policy; Zambia; Africa; HIV/AIDS; Crop Production/Industries; Health Economics and Policy; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54489

Potential Consequences of Intra-Regional Trade in Short-Term Food Security Crises in Southeastern Africa
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Haggblade,   Steven; Nielson,   Hunter; Govereh,   Jones; Dorosh,   Paul A.
A report prepared by Michigan State University for the World Bank under contract No. 7144132, Strengthening Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa through Trade Liberalization and Regional Integration
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Africa; Trade; Emergency; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Q13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55376

Alert at Maradi: Preventing Food Crises in West Africa by Using Price Signals
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Araujo,   Claudio; Araujo-Bonjean,   Catherine; Brunelin,   Stephanie.
The aim of this paper is to exploit grain price data to detect the warning signs of looming food crises in Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger. Firstly we identify which markets play a leading role at the national and regional level. The second step consists of identifying crisis periods and characterizing price movements during the period proceeding a crisis. This analysis leads to the identification of early warning indicators whose relevance is tested using panel data qualitative choice models. The results show that monitoring price movements on "leading markets" during crucial periods of the year can help in forecasting future crises.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food security; Africa; Niger; Early warning systems; Discrete choice panel model; Food Security and Poverty; Q18; C25; D40; O18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114226

An Assessment of the UN's Millennium Development Goals and its Millennium Declaration
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
The United Nations’ Millennium Declaration, passed by the General Assembly in September 2000, is assessed with particular attention being given to the Millennium Development Goals and associated targets outlined in the Declaration. The focus of the article is not so much on the extent to which these goals are being met but on the adequacy of the Declaration itself.  The fundamental values outlined in the Declaration are listed and assessed. The Millennium Development Goals are means for the attainment of these values, along with some other objectives specified in the Declaration.  Both sets of objectives are examined, with most attention being given to the Millennium Development Goals and Targets. The Millennium Development Goals aim to reduce social and...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: United Nations' Millennium Development Goals; Environmental sustainability; Poverty eradication; Africa; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123453

Biting the Bullet : How to Secure Access to Drylands Resources for Multiple Users
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Mwangi,   Esther; Dohrn,   Stephan.
Close to one billion people worldwide depend directly upon the drylands for their livelihoods. Because of their climatic conditions and political and economic marginalization drylands also have some of the highest incidents of poverty. Pastoral and sedentary production systems coexist in these areas and both very often use common property arrangements to manage access and use of natural resources. Despite their history of complementary interactions, pastoralists and sedentary farmers are increasingly faced with conflicting claims over land and other natural resources. Past policy interventions and existing regulatory frameworks have not been able to offer lasting solutions to the problems related to land tenure and resource access; problems between the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Drylands; Secure access; Land tenure; Customary rights; Natural resources; Multiple users; Africa; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42498

Pathways to Improved Profitability and Sustainability of Cotton Cultivation at Farm Level in Africa: an Approach to Addressing Critical Knowledge Gaps
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Kelly,   Valerie A.; Boughton,   Duncan; Magen,   Benjamin B.
In 2009, the World Bank published a comparative study of cotton sector reforms, based on detailed case studies carried out during 2007/08 in nine of Africa’s main cotton producing countries. The purpose of the study was to draw practical insights from the diversity of experiences in institutional reforms of cotton sectors and to better understand the strengths and weaknesses of the different types of sectors operating in Africa, the likely effects of specific types of policy change, and the possible ways forward.  This paper develops a concept note for additional research that would address the perceived weaknesses of the earlier work. The underlying hypothesis of the proposed study is that technology research, farmer training, and policy and institutional...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Africa; Cotton; Sustainability; Profitability; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101163

Trends in Agricultural and Rural Development Indicators in Zambia.
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Jayne,   Thomas S.; Govereh,   Jones; Chilonda,   Pius; Mason,   Nicole M.; Chapoto,   Antony; Haantuba,   Hyde H.
Effective agricultural and food security policies in Africa need to be based on a solid empirical foundation. In Zambia, it is widely perceived that poverty rates are increasing, agricultural growth is stagnant, and real food prices are higher as food production declines. This study examines these trends and finds that all of these perceptions are wrong. Rural poverty rates have declined substantially in rural Zambia since the early 1990s, although they are still unacceptably high. Real staple food prices for consumers have declined by 20% over the past decade, thanks to major reductions in maize milling and retailing margins. And there is evidence of impressive production growth for some crops that are becoming increasingly important sources of income and...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Policy; Development; Indicators; Zambia.; Africa; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54483

To Trade or Not to Trade? Non-Separable Farm Household Models in Partial and General Equilibrium
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Lofgren,   Hans; Robinson,   Sherman.
"January 1999." Includes bibliographical references (p. 11-12). Published as Lofgren, Hans and Sherman Robinson. 1999. Non-separable farm household models in a computable general equilibrium model. American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 81(3): 663-670.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Africa; Sub-Saharan -- Economic policy; Microeconomics -- Africa; Sub-Saharan; Decision-making; Households -- Africa; Sub-Saharan; Equilibrium (Economics) -- Models; Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97557

Wage Rentals for Reproducible Human Capital: Evidence from Ghana and the Ivory Coast
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Schultz,   T. Paul.
Education, child nutrition, adult health/nutrition, and labor mobility are critical factors in achieving recent sustained growth in factor productivity.  To compare the contribution of these four human capital inputs, as expanded specification of the wage function is estimated from household (LSMS) surveys of The Ivory Coast and Ghana.  Specification tests assess whether the human capital inputs are exogenous, and instrumental variable techniques are used to estimate the wage function.  Smaller panels from the Ivory Coast imply the magnitude of measurement error in the human capital inputs and provide more efficient instruments to estimate the wage equation.  The conclusion emerges that weight-for-height and height are endogenous, particularly prone to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Endogenous human capital returns; Health; Migration; Schooling; Africa; Physical stature; Labor and Human Capital; J24; I12; O15; J31.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28533

The Role of Customary Institutions in Managing Conflict on Grazing Land: A Study from Mieso District, Eastern Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Beyene,   Fekadu.
This paper examines interethnic conflict on grazing land previously accessed as common property.   The study was undertaken in Mieso District of eastern Ethiopia where two ethnic groups experience different production systems – pastoral and agropastoral. Game theoretic approach and analytic narratives have been used as analytical tools. Results show that the historical change in land use by one of the ethnic groups, resource scarcity, violation of customary norms, power asymmetry and livestock raids are some of the factors that have contributed to the recurrence of the conflict. The role of raids in triggering conflict and restricting access to grazing area becomes particularly important. Socio-economic and political factors are responsible for power...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Property rights; Conflict; Grazing land; Power asymmetry; Access rights; Customary institutions; Mieso; Ethiopia; Africa; Land Economics/Use; O17; Z13; Q15.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7703

The role of agriculture in development implications for Sub-Saharan Africa
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Diao,   Xinshen; Hazell,   Peter B.R.; Resnick,   Danielle; Thurlow,   James.
This paper provides a nuanced perspective on debates about the potential for Africa’s smallholder agriculture to stimulate growth and alleviate poverty in an increasingly integrated world. In particular, the paper synthesizes both the traditional theoretical literature on agriculture’s role in the development process and discusses more recent literature that remains skeptical about agriculture’s development potential for Africa. In order to examine in greater detail the relevance for Africa of both the “old” and “new” literatures on agriculture, the paper provides a typology of African countries based on their stage of development, agricultural conditions, natural resources, and geographic location… More broadly, the paper demonstrates that conventional...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Growth-poverty linkages; Smallholders; Poverty alleviation; Agricultural development; Africa; Economic aspects; Agricultural sector; Ethiopia; Ghana; Rwanda; Uganda; Zambia; International Development.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55405

The impacts of mobile phone coverage expansion and personal networks on migration: evidence from Uganda
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Muto,   Megumi.
Personal networks can help rural workers find urban jobs. Moreover, when the information flow increases due to the mobile phone coverage expansion, the new information flow may strengthen the existing personal networks or bypass them, helping those who were previously outside the networks in the latter case. We examine the combined impact of mobile phone coverage expansion and personal networks by using panel data of 856 households in 94 communities in rural Uganda, where the number of communities covered by mobile phone coverage increased from 41 to 87 communities over a two-year period between first and second surveys in 2003 and 2005, respectively. We first find that, when the household head’s ethnicity belongs to a larger ethnic group in Kampala, an...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Africa; Networks; Information; Migrants; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; J21; J61; O15.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51898

Investigating the Sources of Agricultural Growth in Africa: Factor Accumulation, Total Factor Productivity, and Technology Absorption
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Nkamleu,   Guy Blaise.
This paper investigates sources and determinants of agricultural growth in Africa, concentrating on the growth path during the last three decades. The analysis employs the broader framework provided by empirical growth literature and recent developments in Total Factor Productivity (TFP) measurement to search for fundamental determinants of growth in African agriculture. One main contribution and new findings in this analysis is the quantification of the contribution of the productivity growth and the contribution of different inputs such as land, labor, tractor and fertilizer in the agricultural growth. Growth accounting computation highlights the fact that factor accumulation rather than TFP accounts for a large share of agricultural output growth and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Growth accounting; TFP; Factor accumulation; Capital absorption; Africa; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; N50; O47; D24.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52108

Supermarkets, farm household income and poverty: Insights from Kenya
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Rao,   Elizaphan J.O.; Qaim,   Matin.
Expansion of supermarkets in developing countries is increasingly providing opportunities for farmers to participate in modern supply chains. While some farmers are excluded by stringent supermarket requirements, there are important gains for participating farmers. However, studies analyzing income effects of high-value chains use approaches that either show no causality or ignore structural differences between farmers in different channels. Using endogenous switching regression and data from a survey of vegetable growers in Kenya, we account for systematic differences and show that participation in supermarket chains yields 50% gain in household income leading to 33% reduction in poverty. Supermarket expansion is therefore likely to have substantial...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Supermarkets; Per capita income; Sample selection; Endogenous switching regression; Kenya; Africa; Agribusiness; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95771

Scaling up HIV/AIDS intervention through expanded partnerships (STEPs) in Malawi
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Kadiyala,   Suneetha.
Includes bibliographical references.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Capacity strengthening; HIV/AIDS; Collective action; Community organizations; Community mobilization; Scaling up; Community-driven development (CDD); Civil society; Government Policy; Africa; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60399

Control of Newcastle Disease in Village Chickens
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Centre for International Economics.
Between 1983 and 1992, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) invested A$3 million in research to find a vaccine that could provide protection from Newcastle disease in chickens and be applied in village environments in developing countries. A further $160 000 was invested in follow up projects which ended in 1996. Village chickens often provide the only source of protein to poor villagers living in remote areas and Newcastle disease frequently devastates unvaccinated village flocks. The ACIAR-sponsored research was highly successful in developing a heat resistant vaccine (HRV4) which could be readily used in the field by coating it onto chicken feed. The vaccine was commercialised by an Australian company which subsequently...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Newcastle disease; Chickens; Poultry; Vaccine; Malaysia; Vietnam; ACIAR; Australia; Developing country; Village; Africa; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47190

Opportunities and Challenges for Strengthening Staple Food Markets in Eastern and Southern Africa
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
This study highlights the major challenges facing governments and international agencies in their efforts to strengthen the performance of staple food markets in Eastern and Southern Africa.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Africa; Food policy; Markets; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; Marketing; Q18; Q13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62156

Atelier sur la transformation de l'agriculture en Afrique: Abidjan, Côte D'Ivoire, September 26-29, 1995
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ba,   Moussa Batchily; Staatz,   John M.; Farrelly,   Laura L.; Camara,   Youssouf; Dimithe,   Georges.
À l'initiative de l'USAID, la BAD, MSU et l’INSAH, une quarantaine de chercheurs, de décideurs politiques et d’opérateurs-terrain venus de 19 pays et représentants une vingtaine d'institutions Africaines ou internationales se sont retrouvés à Abidjan dans le cadre d'un atelier continental pour débattre sur le thème de la transformation de l'agriculture Africaine. Cet atelier a été parrainé par le Ministre de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique de la Côte d'Ivoire. L'atelier d'Abidjan s'est basé sur les réflexions précédentes portant sur les défis à relever (insécurité alimentaire, pauvreté, et dégradation de l’environnement) au cours du processus de stimulation de la transformation structurelle de l'agriculture en Afrique, notamment...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Agricultural transformation; Africa; International Development; Downloads July 2008 - July 2009: 21; F11.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54669

Factors Influencing the Profitability of Fertilizer Use on Maize in Zambia
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Xu,   Z.; Guan,   Zhengfei; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Black,   J. Roy.
Major Findings: The additional maize produced from a given amount of fertilizer applied varied widely across households even after largely controlling for soil and rainfall conditions. The median estimated response rate was 15.9kgs of maize per kg nitrogen applied; Under the range of conditions and smallholder management practices, average maize fertilizer response rates declined as the application rate increased beyond 2 bags of urea and 2 bags of D compound; Factors raising the response rate and profitability of fertilizer use included timely availability, application rates less than the MOA 4x4 recommendation, use of animal draft power in land preparation, and use of hybrid seed. In remote areas, and given current management practices, fertilizer use...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Africa; Zambia; Fertilizer; Crop Production/Industries; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54639

Security of Widows’ Access to Land in the Era of HIV/AIDS: Panel Survey Evidence from Zambia (revised version)
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Chapoto,   Antony; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Mason,   Nicole M.
The view that widows and their dependents face greater livelihood risks in the era of HIV/AIDS is indeed supported by nationally-representative survey results from Zambia. Efforts to safeguard widows’ rights to land through land tenure innovations involving community authorities may be an important component of social protection, poverty alleviation, and HIV/AIDS mitigation strategies. Several of the findings reported show the influence of local traditional authorities in affecting the extent to which widows are able to retain land. Increased government commitment to ensure security of widows’ access to land is another approach, but initial evaluations of government efforts provide mixed evidence (see Izumi, 2006). Government decrees appear to have little...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Policy; HIV/AIDS; Land; Zambia.; Africa; Health Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54484

Agricultural Statistics in Sub-Saharan Africa: Differences in Institutional Arrangements and their Impacts on Agricultural Statistics Systems. A Synthesis of Four Country Case Studies.
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Kelly,   Valerie A.; Donovan,   Cynthia.
A major push supporting improved data collection and                         analysis is required if African                         countries are to successfully design and implement results-                         based Poverty Reduction Strategy                         Programs (PRSP) and the Comprehensive Africa Agricultural                          Development Program                         (CAADP) being promoted by the New Partnership for African                         Development (NEPAD).                         Over the years there have been many initiatives to build                         statistical capacity in Africa. Many                         problems have plagued these efforts, including inadequate                         funding and...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Africa; Agriculture; Statistics; Institutions; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q10.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54558

Measuring Market Potential for Fresh Organic Fruit and Vegetable in Ghana
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Owusu,   Victor; Owusu,   Michael Anifori.
This paper examines the market potential for fresh organic lettuce and water melon with a recently collected data on consumers from Kumasi metropolis of Ghana. Using a doublebounded dichotomous choice contingent valuation technique, consumer’s willingness to pay is estimated with a Tobit model to address the zero willingness to pay responses in the sample data. As much as 71% of the consumers are willing to pay over 50% price premiums for organic vegetables and over 82% are willing to pay 1%–50% price premiums for organic fruits. The empirical results indicate that human capital, product attributes and consumer perception influence consumers’ willing to pay for organic food products. The estimated market potential for organic fruit is GH¢32,117,113 (US$...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Willingness to Pay; Price Premium; Organic Products; Consumer Perception; Market Potential; Africa; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95955

A Value Chain Task Force Approach for Managing Private-Public Partnerships:  Zamiba’s Task Force on Acceleration of Cassava Utilization.
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Chitundu,   Maureen; Droppelmann,   Klaus; Haggblade,   Steven.
Smallholder farmers operate in vertical supply chains. Therefore, an understanding of key opportunities and constraints up through the value chain becomes necessary for sustaining smallholder growth. Yet market analysis is of little value unless key private and public sector stakeholders agree to implement necessary reforms. This paper advocates an approach which marries together value chain analysis with a stakeholder taskforce to ensure that analysis of opportunities and constraints gets translated into actions that will facilitate commercial growth. Using Zambia’s cassava task force as an example, the paper describes the value chain task force method and identifies elements critical to its effective implementation.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Cassava; Value chain; Task force; Zambia; Africa; Crop Production/Industries; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54480

Transmission des fluctuations et calcul des prix de parité à l’importation/exportation dans la sous-région. Approche méthodologique
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Parity price; Africa; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Marketing; Q11.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57250

Biofuels, Poverty, and Growth: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis of Mozambique
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Arndt,   Channing; Benfica,   Rui M.S.; Tarp,   Finn; Thurlow,   James; Uaiene,   Rafael N.
This paper assesses the implications of large-scale investments in biofuels for growth and income distribution. We find that biofuels investment enhances growth and poverty reduction despite some displacement of food crops by biofuels. Overall, the biofuel investment trajectory analyzed increases Mozambique’s annual economic growth by 0.6 percentage points and reduces the incidence of poverty by about six percentage points over a 12-year phase-in period. Benefits depend on production technology. An outgrower approach to producing biofuels is more pro-poor, due to the greater use of unskilled labor and accrual of land rents to smallholders, compared with the more capital-intensive plantation approach. Moreover, the benefits of outgrower schemes are enhanced...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bio-fuels; Growth; Poverty; Mozambique; Africa; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52004

What Kind of Agricultural Strategies Lead to Broad-Based Growth: Implications For Country-Led Agricultural Investment Programs
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Jayne,   Thomas S.; Boughton,   Duncan.
Without renewed attention to sustained agricultural productivity growth, most small farms in developing countries will become increasingly unviable economic and social units. Sustained agricultural productivity growth and poverty reduction will require progress on a number of fronts, most importantly increased public goods investments to agriculture; a policy environment that supports private investment in input, output, and financial markets and provision of key support services; a more level global trade policy environment; supportive donor programs; and improved governance. Subsidies, if they are focused, appropriately conceived, effectively implemented, and temporary, can play a complementary role but should not – based on both the Asian and African...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural strategies; Investment programs; Feed The Future; Africa; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107459

PROSPECTS FOR RURAL GROWTH? MEASURING GROWTH LINKAGES IN A SOUTH AFRICAN SMALLHOLDER FARMING AREA
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Simphiwe,   N.
This paper addresses the possible impact of rising smallholder incomes on local non-agricultural development in a case study area located in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa.  It determines how increased rural incomes are spent on a mix of goods and services, and debates the implications of these spending patterns for growth in rural areas through the alleviation of demand constraints.  These results make it possible to identify areas of intervention necessary for sustaining growth originating from stimulus to tradable agriculture from economic reforms.  This paper thus contributes to an emerging literature on the possible impact of promoting smallholder agriculture in South Africa on rural livelihoods.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Rural; Growth linkages; Multipliers; Smallholder; South Africa; Africa; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18027

Agricultural Subsidies and Forest Pressure in Malawi's Miombo Woodlands
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Fisher,   Monica G.; Shively,   Gerald E.
This paper examines impacts of an agricultural subsidy program on forest pressure in Malawi. Using household survey data, we measure the effect on forest product marketing and on forest clearing of Malawi's Starter Pack Scheme (SPS). Regression results show households receiving a free packet of hybrid maize seed and chemical fertilizer (a "starter pack") had lower levels of commercial forest extraction than nonrecipient households. In addition, no measurable effect of starter pack receipt is found on forest clearing decisions, suggesting the program raised agricultural output without encouraging agricultural expansion. Findings thus indicate potential modest improvement in forest condition due to the SPS.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Africa; Agricultural intensification; Conservation and development; Malawi; Tropical deforestation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8646

Improving the Use of Experimental Auctions in Africa: Theory and Evidence
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Morawetz,   Ulrich B.; De Groote,   Hugo; Kimenju,   Simon Chege.
Experimental auctions have not been widely used in Africa. However, auctions are important tools for evaluating new products and technologies. To increase the quality of these experiments, we explore an alternative first-price bidding mechanism that is more similar to African market exchanges and we analyze factors likely to affect bidding. Experiments with African consumers show that the proposed first-price mechanism has no advantage over conventional second-price mechanisms. Results show high and significant cash-in-hand, experimenter, and time of day effects in main rounds, and significant ordering effects in test rounds. These effects need to be carefully considered when applying the Becker-DeGroot-Marschak mechanism in Africa.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Africa; BDM mechanism; Experimenter effect; First-price auction; Income effect; Order effect; Time of day effect; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117161

Trade in Food Staples: Promoting Price Stability and Food Security through Intra-Regional Trade
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Published by Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Security; Trade; Africa; Agriculture; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54504

Workshop on Agricultural Transformation in Africa: Abidjan, Côte D'Ivoire, September 26-29, 1995
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ba,   Moussa Batchily; Staatz,   John M.; Farrelly,   Laura L.; Camara,   Youssouf; Dimithe,   Georges.
At the initiative of USAID, the ADB, MSU, and INSAH, 40 researchers, policy makers and private-sector entrepreneurs from 19 countries, representing 20 African and international organizations, met in Abidjan for a continent-wide workshop to debate issues related to transformation of African agriculture. The Abidjan workshop built on previous discussions organized by Winrock International, the World Bank, USAID (AFR/SD/PSGE/FSP) and IFPRI concerning the key challenges (food insecurity, poverty, and environmental degradation) that need to be addressed while fostering a structural transformation of African agriculture.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Agricultural transformation; Africa; International Development; Downloads July 2008-July 2009: 20; R11.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54668

Market Liberalization and Agricultural Intensification in Kenya (1992-2002)
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: De Groote,   Hugo; Kimenju,   Simon Chege; Owuor,   George; Wanyama,   Japheter.
This study analyses the impact of the liberalization on the intensification of maize production in Kenya. It first analyses the impact of liberalization on input and output prices, followed by an analysis of farmer practices comparing two major farmer surveys, from 1992 and 2002. The results show that liberalization has had a general positive impact on the evolution of prices, with a decrease of input/output price ratios. However, fluctuations of maize prices has become very high and, combined with a decrease of marketing by the marketing board, has increased the uncertainty in maize production. The liberalization has also resulted in a decrease in extension services. Fortunately, farmers have an increased access to credit services. The combined effect of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Liberalization; Intensification; Adoption; Maize; Africa; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25419

Constraints to the Development of Commodity Exchanges in Africa:  A Case Study of ZAMACE
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sitko,   Nicholas J.; Jayne,   Thomas S.
The development of agricultural commodity exchanges in Africa has become an increasingly popular strategy for addressing some of the ills plaguing African food  markets, including poorly developed risk management systems, high transaction costs, and limited price discovery. However, despite substantial support from donors and, in some cases, national governments, commodity exchanges in most African countries are having difficulties getting off the ground. While previous studies (Rashid, Winter-Nelson, and Garcia 2010) highlight the fact that low trade volumes passing through African commodity exchanges limit their development, the question of why exchanges are thinly traded remains poorly understood. Using the Zambian Agricultural Commodity Exchange...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Africa; Commodity exchange; ZAMACE; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107461

Why market institutions disfavor smallholder farmers’ compliance with international food safety standards: Evidence from Kenya, Zambia and Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Okello,   Julius Juma; Narrod,   Clare A.; Roy,   Devesh.
This paper examines the high value chains (HVC) for green bean exports from Africa to identify the critical points at which exporters exercise great caution in preventing produce contamination with pathogens and pesticide residues. It then examines the control points that pose greatest threat to continued participation of smallholder farmers in the HVC and discusses the strategies African countries have used to maintain smallholder farmers in the green bean HVC. The paper identifies six critical control points. Among these, smallholders are most threatened with exclusion from HVC at two control points. At those points the farmer must make costly lumpy investments to meet the standards. To overcome the likelihood of smallholders being excluded from HVC at...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Smallholder farmers; International food safety standards; Critical control points; Exclusion; Green beans; Africa; Health Economics and Policy; International Development; Marketing.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51900

Has Kenyan Farmers’ Access to Markets and Services Improved? Panel  Survey Evidence, 1997-2007
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Chamberlin,   Jordan; Jayne,   Thomas S.
This report uses panel data on 1,267 smallholder households to monitor changes in their access to markets and services. We find that Kenyan smallholders’ proximity to infrastructure, markets, and services has improved markedly over the last decade. These improvements, however, have not been uniformly distributed over either time or space. Farmers in high-potential areas of the country continue to enjoy closer proximity to most kinds of markets and services compared to low-potential areas, but the greatest relative improvements over the 1997-2007 period have been in areas of medium and low potential. We also distinguish between public and private investments in examining changes in smallholders’ access to markets. Changes deriving from public investments...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Kenya; Markets; Food security; Africa; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Q18; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58545

Transmission des hausses des prix internationaux des produits alimentaires en Afrique de l’Ouest : Leçons de la crise de 2007-2008 pour l’expansion de la production
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Diallo,   Boubacar Cisse; Dembele,   Niama Nango; Staatz,   John M.; Cisse,   Moussa; Adjao,   Ramziath.
CONFERENCE INTERNATIONALE SUR LES BIOCARBURANTS EN AFRIQUE : Les biocarburants, facteur d’insécurité ou moteur de développement (Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 10-12 Novembre 2009)
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Price transmission; Agriculture; Africa; Food security; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Marketing; Q11.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57244

EDUCATING AGRICULTURAL RESEARCHERS: A REVIEW OF THE ROLE OF AFRICAN UNIVERSITIES
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Beintema,   Nienke M.; Pardey,   Philip G.; Roseboom,   Johannes.
The number of higher-education institutions and the students enrolled in them has grown rapidly throughout Africa since the early 1960s. The number of universities increased from less than 20 in 1960 to nearly 160 by 1996; student numbers grew from 119,000 to almost two million over the same period, yet enrollment ratios in Africa continue to lag well behind developed and other-developing country norms. Funding for higher-education in Africa kept pace with the expanding institutional base during the 1960s and 1970s, but has fallen well behind the growth in student numbers since 1980. The pattern of the development of the agricultural sciences has matched the general pattern of development of the higher-education sector. Three quarters of the countries in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: University education; Agriculture; R&amp;D; Human capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; Africa.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16046

Who Should be Interviewed in Surveys of Household Income?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Fisher,   Monica G.; Reimer,   Jeffrey J.; Carr,   Edward R.
This study tests the null hypothesis that it is sufficient to interview only the household head to obtain accurate information on household income. Results show that using a husband’s estimate of his wife’s income does not produce statistically reliable results for poverty analysis. Estimates of the wife’s income provided by the husband and wife are in agreement in only six percent of households. While limiting interviews to one person has the advantage of reducing the time and expense of household surveys, this appears detrimental in terms of accuracy, and may lead to incorrect conclusions on the determinants of poverty.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Africa; Gender; Household dynamics; Household surveys; Malawi; Poverty; Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95950

Measuring the Impact of Public and Private Assets on Household Crop Income in Rural Mozambique, 2002-2005
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Mather,   David.
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Directorate of Economics, Republic of Mozambique
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Income; Mozambique; Africa; Food security; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56073

Government responses to the world food crisis 2007-08: A political economy perspective
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Maas,   Sarah; Matthews,   Alan.
This paper examines the performance of African agri-food exports to the EU market over the first decade of the new millennium. The EU is Africa’s single largest export market absorbing just half of all African agri-food exports. Countries are grouped according to the preferential trade regime they enjoy to enter the EU market: North African countries under EuroMed agreements; least developed African countries under the Everything but Arms arrangement; other African countries under the Cotonou Agreement; and South Africa under its Trade, Development and Cooperation Agreement. Despite these preferences, Africa appears to be losing market share. A shift-share analysis confirms that, with the exception of the African Mediterranean countries, the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Africa; EU; Agricultural exports; Market access; Preference agreements; Food Security and Poverty; F14; Q17.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114664

Regional Integration in Developing Countries: Some Lessons Based on Case Studies
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Shams,   Rasul.
The main focus of this paper is the question if the success of regional integration organisation in developing countries is, in fact, dependent on factors like similarity of their economic structure, market size or lack of commitment. It is shown that there are also other more important institutional and politico-economical reasons to explain the functioning of such organisations in developing countries. Case studies of ECOWAS and SADC will be used to discuss this question. It is also very often argued that southsouth integration is inferior to north-south integration. This will be discussed considering the case of MERCOSUR as an example.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Regional integration; Economic development; Africa; Latin America; Political economy; International Relations/Trade; F15; O1; P16.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26272

Aflatoxin Redux: Does European Aflatoxin Regulation Hurt Groundnut Exporters from Africa?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Xiong,   Bo; Beghin,   John C.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/02/10.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food safety; Standards; Aflatoxin; Maximum Residues Limit; Groundnut; Gravity equation; Africa; Market access; EU; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Q17; F13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61314

Diversity of Communities and Economic Development: An Overview
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ranis,   Gustav.
This paper reviews the literature on the impact of ethnic diversity on economic development. Ethnically polarized societies are less likely to agree on the provision of public goods and more likely to engage in rent seeking activities  providing lower levels of social capital. Initial conditions are important determinants of adverse development outcomes.  The role of decentralization, democracy and markets as potential remedies are discussed.  The paper then presents a number of preliminary hypotheses on the relationship between diversity and instability in order to stimulate future research.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Africa; Diversity; Economic Growth; Instability; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Political Economy; O11; O40; O43; O55.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115713

Cotton in West and Central Africa: Adapting a Successful Model to New Realities
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Kelly,   Valerie A.; Tschirley,   David L.
Produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development under the WACIP project funded by USAID (Programme de Renforcement du Secteur Coton en Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Cotton; Africa; Crop Production/Industries; Q13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55358

An Impact Study of the Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) in the Six ACP Regions
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Fontagne,   Lionel; Laborde,   David; Mitaritonna,   Cristina.
This article intends to present a very detailed analysis of the trade-related aspects of Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) negotiations. We use a dynamic partial equilibrium model – focusing on the demand side – at the HS6 level (covering 5,113 HS6 products). Two alternative lists of sensitive products are constructed, one giving priority to the agricultural sectors, the other focusing on tariff revenue preservation. In order to be WTO compatible, EPAs must translate into 90 percent of bilateral trade fully liberalised. We use this criterion to simulate EPAs for each negotiating regional block. ACP exports to the EU are forecast to be 10 percent higher with the EPAs than under the GSP/EBA option. On average ACP countries are forecast to lose 70...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Preferential Trade Agreements; Africa; EPAs; Partial Equilibrium Simulations; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44194

A Ricardian analysis of the impact of climate change on African cropland
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Kurukulasuriya,   Pradeep; Mendelsohn,   Robert.
This study examines the impact of climate change on cropland in Africa, using a Ricardian cross-sectional approach. Relying on farm data from an 11-country survey of over 9500 farmers, annual net revenue is regressed on climate and other variables. The study confirms that current climate affects the net revenues of farms across Africa. Applying these results to possible future climates reveals that dryland farms are especially climate sensitive. Even as early as 2020, climate change could have strong negative impacts on currently dry and hot locations. By 2100, dryland crop net revenues could rise by 51% if future warming is mild and wet but fall by 43% if future climates are hot and dry. The crop net revenues of currently irrigated farms are likely to be...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Agriculture; Valuation; Africa; Crop Production/Industries; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12; Q25.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56965

Unpacking the Meaning of “Market Access”
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Chamberlin,   Jordan; Jayne,   Thomas S.
Improving farmers’ access to markets is widely recognized as a major development challenge.  A review of the literature suggests that indicators of market access may bear little relationship to the specific processes of interest and hence provide misguided evidence of the impacts of improved market access. This paper attempts to “unpack” the dimensions of market access and, in the process, uses farm survey data from Kenya to investigate changes in multiple indicators during the post-liberalization period.  Findings show that market access conditions experienced by rural Kenyans exhibit considerable variation across time, space, and indicator type. We suggest ways in which structured hypothesizing and sensitivity analysis may strengthen empirical treatments...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market access; Remoteness; Smallholders; Africa; Kenya; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; Marketing; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C81; D01; D63; D83; H41; H54; R58; L99.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/110014

Food Insecurity in Sub-Saharan Africa: New Estimates from Household Expenditure Surveys
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Smith,   Lisa C.; Alderman,   Harold; Aduayom,   Dede.
Reducing food insecurity in the developing world continues to be a major public policy challenge, and one that is complicated by lack of information on the location, severity, and causes of food insecurity. Such information is needed to properly target assistance, evaluate whether progress is achieved, and develop appropriate interventions to help those in need. This research report explores a new method of measuring food insecurity using food data collected as part of household expenditure surveys. Such surveys are routinely undertaken by numerous national governments throughout the developing world, but in the past the resulting food data remained largely unexploited for the purposes of measuring food insecurity. Using data from 12 Sub-Saharan African...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food supply; Africa; Sub-Saharan; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37885

Improving water use efficiency under worsening scarcity: Evidence from the Middle Olifants sub-basin in South Africa
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Walter,   Teresa; Kloos,   Julia; Tsegai,   Daniel W.
With the political changes in South Africa in the early 1990s, the South African government introduced a reform process in the entire water sector with the goal of a more enhanced and equitable water management system. This paper analyzes existing water allocation situations and applies a nonlinear optimization model to investigate the optimal intra- and inter-regional allocations in the Middle Olifants sub-basin of South Africa. Results show higher benefit from inter-regional water allocation. Reducing water supply levels to conform to the sustainable water supply policy, it can be shown that although water supply is reduced by approximately 50%, total benefits from water are only reduced by 5% and 11% for inter- and intra-regional allocation regimes...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Water allocation; IWRM; Olifants basin; South Africa; Africa; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97035

Variation in Staple Food Prices in Eastern and Southern Africa: A Synthesis
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
The global food crisis of 2007-08 has focused attention on food prices, pushing the topic to the top of the agenda of international organizations. For policymakers in sub-Saharan Africa, however, food prices have been an issue of economic importance and political sensitivity for decades. Of particular importance are the prices of staple foods, defined as grains and starchy root crops that are inexpensive sources of calories. In eastern and southern Africa, maize is the most important staple food, followed by cassava, sorghum, teff, wheat, plantains, and sweet potatoes, with the importance of each varying by country. The importance of these staple foods cannot be underestimated, as they contribute 50-75% of the caloric intake of the population. Furthermore,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Africa; Food policy; Food prices; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; Marketing; Q11; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62163

Spatial and Regional Dimensions of Food Security in Zambia
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Haggblade,   Steven; Longabaugh,   Steven; Tschirley,   David L.
Zambia’s population clusters tightly in cities along the north-south line of rail  and in the primarily rural areas of Eastern Province (Figure 1). Staple food consumption and purchases are similarly concentrated in these heavily  populated clusters (Figures 4 and 5). Across the border, several high-density population centers lie close to the Zambian border — in the copperbelt cities of southern DRC, in the highlands of southern Tanzania, in Malawi and in Zimbabwe (Figure 2). This results in sizeable potential food markets for Zambian farmers across the border in southern DRC and, intermittently, in Zimbabwe and Malawi. Zambia’s staple food production and sales likewise cluster spatially in three main areas: along the line of rail, in the large commercial...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Zambia; Food security; Africa; Staple food production; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Q18; Q13; Q17.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58544

Gender Inequality, Poverty and Human Development in Kenya: Main Indicators, Trends and Limitations
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Kiriti,   Tabitha; Tisdell,   Clement A.
Indicators of gender inequality, poverty and human development in Kenya are examined. Significant and rising incidence of absolute poverty occurs in Kenya and women are more likely to be in poverty than men. Female/male ratios in Kenyan decision-making institutions are highly skewed against women and they experience unfavourable enrolment ratios in primary, secondary and tertiary institutions. The share of income earned by women is much lower than men's share.   General Kenyan indicators highlight declining GDP per capita, increased poverty rates especially for women, reduced life expectancy, a narrowing of the difference in female/male life expectancy rates, increased child mortality rates and an increase in the female child mortality rates. This...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: AIDS; Africa; Kenya; Gender; Inequality; Human development; Poverty; Consumer/Household Economics; International Development; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/105587

Unscrambling Africa: Regional Requirements for Achieving Food Security
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Haggblade,   Steven.
Africa has inherited highly arbitrary political borders that vastly complicate current efforts to accelerate agricultural growth and reduce hunger. Because Africa’s inherited political borders arbitrarily partition agro-ecological zones and natural market sheds, current country borders serve as barriers, hampering agricultural technology transfer, hindering agricultural trade and dampening incentives for farmers and agribusinesses to invest in Africa’s many regional breadbasket zones. Feasible solutions revolve around neutralizing these deleterious effects through regional scientific networks and corridor development programs.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Africa; Food Security; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107458

Is Value Addition in Honey a Panacea for Poverty Reduction in the ASAL in Africa? Empirical Evidence from Baringo District, Kenya
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Berem,   Risper M.; Obare,   Gideon A.; Owuor,   George.
Using survey data from 110 randomly selected honey producers from two divisions in Baringo this paper analyzes the constraints and drivers of value addition in honey, an economic activity with a potential to improve household livelihoods but whose development has remained rudimentary. Baringo District undergoes frequent and prolonged drought that impacts on household livelihood assets. The livelihoods have traditionally been agro-based but due to variations in climatic conditions, crop production has been very low. Livestock production has also been adversely affected by these trends, leaving honey production as a viable alternative for smallholder farmers since it is less dependent on, or affected by climatic variations and is not resource intensive. This...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Value addition; Poverty reduction; Drought; ASAL; Africa; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96163

Land Sovereignty and Tree-Planting in Uganda
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Betz,   Michael R.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Africa; Agriculture; Trees; Tree planting; Uganda; Land; Land rights; Sovereignty; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103534

ASSESSING THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF BT MAIZE IN KENYA USING A GIS BASED MODEL
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: De Groote,   Hugo; Overholt,   William; Ouma,   James Okuro; Mugo,   Stephen.
The Insect Resistant Maize for Africa (IRMA) project  is currently developing Bt maize for Kenya. So far, Bt genes with resistance to Chilo partellus, Chilo orichalcociliellus, Eldana Sacharina, and Sesamia calamistis, four of the five major stemborers were successfully incorporated into elite CIMMYT maize inbred line (CML216) and tested in insect bioassays in Kenya. Participatory Rural Appraisals showed that stem borers are indeed a major pest problems for farmers. Four seasons of on-farm crop loss assessment showed an average crop loss of 13.5%, or 0.4 million tons, valued at US$ 80 million. If the project manages to find a Bt gene that is effective to the fifth stemborer, Busseola fusca, adoption rates are likely to be high, and therefore the returns....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Maize; Africa; Genetically Modified Crops; Bt crops; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25854

Promoting Fertilizer Use in Africa: Current Issues and Empirical Evidence from Malawi, Zambia, and Kenya
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Minde,   Isaac J.; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Crawford,   Eric W.; Ariga,   Joshua; Govereh,   Jones.
This study was funded jointly by the Regional Strategic Agricultural Knowledge Support System (Re-SAKSS) for Southern Africa, based at International Water Management Institute, Pretoria, South Africa, and by the United States Agency for International Development's Africa Bureau. Much of the data and analysis reported in this study was carried out under the Tegemeo Agricultural Monitoring and Policy Analysis Project, funded by USAID/Kenya; the Food Security Research Project/Markets, Trade and Enabling Environment (MATEP) Program, funded by USAID/Zambia and the Swedish International Development Agency; and by the DFID and USAID offices in Lilongwe, Malawi.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Fertilizer; Africa; Malawi; Zambia; Kenya; Crop Production/Industries; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54934

AFRICA GROWTH AND OPPORTUNITY ACT (AGOA) AND AFRICAN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Akanji,   O.O.
AGOA directs the President of the United States to convene an annual meeting between the U.S. government and representatives of eligible African countries and to prepare an annual report to Congress on U.S. trade and investment policies with sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Currently, Angola, Gabon, Nigeria and South Africa- accounted for the bulk (84 percent) of U.S. total imports from SSA. Since the passage of AGOA, the business climate has improved for non-agricultural exports and growth in these sectors has made relatively low direct benefits to Africa’s poor. Consequently, expanding AGOA’s application to African agriculture would have a significant impact on reducing hunger and poverty and therefore, on improving overall conditions in SSA. As a result of...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Africa; AGOA; United States; Agriculture; International Development.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54384

A Case Study of Regulation in Zambia’s Cotton Sector.
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Tschirley,   David L.; Kabwe,   Stephen.
Cotton is an unquestioned success of Zambia’s turn towards a market economy. After privatization in late 1994, seed cotton production rose from 32,000 metric tons (mt) to about 180,000 mt a decade later (three-year averages centered on 1994 and 2005). The number of farmers involved in the sector grew similarly, yields trended upwards (though slowly), and the country dramatically improved the quality of its lint, becoming the outstanding performer  in Sub-Saharan Africa in this regard by the mid-2000s. Yet the sector has experienced two serious crashes since reform, both involving rampant credit default by farmers supported with seasonal input credit by ginning companies.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Zambia; Cotton; Africa; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Q10; Q11; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62145

Linking Emergency Response to Need in “Food Emergencies”
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Tschirley,   David L.; Staatz,   John M.; Donovan,   Cynthia.
When an emergency occurs, agencies must make quick decisions on how to help people facing severe food insecurity. This paper addresses the challenges of designing appropriate responses that are linked to identified needs of affected households and individuals. The primary goal of any response is to save lives now and protect the food security of households and individuals now and in the future. However, instrumental goals and the specific means of achieving them are varied, and must be responsive to the setting in which the emergency occurs. The paper conceives the costs and benefits of a response as the product of how efficiently a resource is delivered (resource transfer efficiency) and the effectiveness of the resource and its mode of delivery in...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Africa; Food security; Food policy; Food aid; Emergency response; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54561

Potential Markets for Herbicide Resistant Maize Seed for Striga Control in Africa
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: De Groote,   Hugo; Wangare,   Lucy; Kanampiu,   Fred; Odendo,   Martins; Friesen,   Dennis.
Striga is an obligate parasitic weed attacking cereal crops in Subsaharan Africa. In Western Kenya, it is identified by farmers as their major pest problem in maize. A new technology, consisting of seed coating of herbicide tolerant maize varieties, has prove to be very effective in farmer fields. To bring this technology to the farmer, a sustainable delivery system needs to be developed, preferably through the private sector. To help of the seed companies develop a strategy, the potential market for this technology is hereby calculated, combines different data sources into a Geographic Information System (GIS). Superimposing secondary data, field surveys, agricultural statistics and farmer surveys makes it possible to clearly identify the Striga-prone...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Maize; Striga; Africa; Weeds; Pest control; Crop Production/Industries; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24690

Is Older Better? Maize Hybrid Change on Household Farms in Kenya
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Smale,   Melinda; Olwande,   John.
Kenya has been recognized globally as maize success story since the 1970s. Released on the eve of independence, Kenya’s first maize hybrid diffused faster than did hybrids in the U.S Corn Belt during the 1930s-1940s. In recent decades, policy researchers have lamented that earlier gains in maize productivity have not lived up to their potential. Claims of stagnating yields and stagnating adoption are offset here, at least in part, by longitudinal survey data showing rising yields and adoption rates on farms. Tegemeo survey data confirm that Kenya has reached its adoption ceiling years ago in the major maize producing zones of the country, and is near to doing so in other zones. Data show adoption rates topping 80% of farmers.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Maize; Kenya; Africa; Household farms; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118474

Effectiveness of agricultural extension with respect to farm size: The case of Uganda
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Betz,   Michael R.
Raising the incomes of agricultural households is central to reducing poverty in Uganda. In many areas of the country agriculture has encroached into marginal or fragile lands, leaving little room for the expansion of agricultural lands (Kraybill, Bashaasha, and Betz 2009). Additionally, soil degradation has become a barrier to agricultural productivity (Pender et al. 2004), especially in the Eastern region of the country. Farmers now look for alternatives that will increase output without further depleting soil fertility or expanding into fragile lands. Agricultural extension is the primary government mechanism through which developing country governments attempt to improve the knowledge and methods that farmers use to increase output; However, many...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Uganda; Africa; Agriculture; Extension; Productivity; NAADS; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; International Development; Production Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49471

Policies and Public Investments to Promote Smallholder Green Revolutions in Africa: Lessons from Asia
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Many parts of Asia have achieved impressive gains in agricultural productivity and poverty reduction over the past half-century. By contrast, sustained agricultural development remains elusive in most of Africa. Policy makers are struggling to find the answers but there is no consensus about what the right mix of policies and public investments are. Can African policy makers learn from Asia’s green revolution? Conditions differ in many respects between Africa and Asia, as well as across countries within Africa, and the impacts of various investments and policies in Asia may not necessarily produce the same impacts in Africa. However, it is instructive to understand the mix of public investments and policies that helped many Asian countries achieve their...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Africa; Food policy; Smallholder; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; Marketing; Q18; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62157

What are the Key Constraints in Technical Efficiency of Smallholder Farmers in Africa? Empirical Evidence from Kenya
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Owuor,   George; Shem,   Ouma A.
The idea that smallholder farmers are reasonably efficient has triggered much debate in Sub-Saharan Africa. Indeed, efficiency of smallholder farmers has implications for choice of development strategy; reason being that Sub-Saharan countries derive over 60% of their livelihoods from smallholder agriculture and rural economic activities. This paper evaluates factors that promote production efficiency among smallholder farmers in Kenya as avenues for policy intervention. A production frontier function was fitted to a random sample derived from a survey carried in 2007. Results show that all conventional inputs had the expected significance. On the inefficiency indicators, ownership to farmland, attendance to agricultural workshops, access to credit and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technical Efficiency; Smallholder Farmers; Africa; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52807

Trade Pessimism and Regionalism in African Countries: the Case of Groundnut Exporters
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Badiane,   Ousmane; Kinteh,   Sambouh.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Peanut industry; Africa; Oil industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44444

Characteristics Associated with Prime-Age Mortality in Eastern and Southern Africa: Evidence from Zambia and Kenya
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Chapoto,   Antony; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Kirimi,   Lilian; Kadiyala,   Suneetha.
Campaigns to prevent the spread of HIV require accurate knowledge of the characteristics of those most likely to contract the disease. Studies conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa during the 1980s generally found a positive correlation between socioeconomic characteristics such as education, income, and wealth and subsequent contraction of HIV. As the disease has progressed, the relationship between socioeconomic status and HIV contraction may have changed, although there is little evidence to support this. An emerging strand of the literature on the AIDS epidemic in Africa posits that poverty is increasingly associated with the spread of the disease. However, this conclusion is somewhat contentious, as other recent studies find mixed evidence of a poverty-AIDS...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Africa; Hiv/aids; Food security; Zambia; Kenya; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Q10.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56782

Agricultural Growth Linkages in Sub-Saharan Africa
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Delgado,   Christopher L.; Hopkins,   Jane; Kelly,   Valerie A.; Hazell,   Peter B.R.; McKenna,   Anna A.; Gruhn,   Peter; Hojjati,   Behjat; Sil,   Jayashree; Courbois,   Claude B.
The wide spread increase in rural purchasing power under the Green Revolution in Asia during the 1970s was key to increased rural employment and industrialization. Studies suggested that an extra dollar of agricultural income was typically associated with an additional $0.80 of nonagricultural income from local enterprises stimulated by the spending of farm house holds. Studies in Africa, where the Green Revolution was harder to discern, tended to be much more pessimistic. This report revisits these issues using especially detailed panel data sets on rural consumption and incomes, collected by IFPRI and collaborating national institutions for a variety of purposes during the mid to late 1980s in Burkina Faso, Niger, Senegal, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Results...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Economic aspects; Africa; Sub- Saharan; Agriculture and state; International Development.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37908

Information and Firms’ Search Behavior
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Aker,   Jenny; Tack,   Jesse B.
Information and communications technologies (ICTs) have spread rapidly over the past decade.  There has been considerable interest in the effect of such technology on search costs, search behavior and welfare outcomes, particularly in developing countries.  This paper investigates the impact of a new search technology, mobile phones, on traders’ search and marketing behavior in Niger.  We construct a novel theoretical model of sequential search, in which traders engage in optimal search for the maximum sales price, net transport costs. The model predicts that the introduction of a new search technology, such as mobile telephones, will increase traders’ reservation sales prices and the number of markets over which they search. To test the predictions of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Africa; Information; Information Technology; Search Costs; Niger; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Marketing; O1; O3; Q13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103404

Strategic priorities for agricultural development in Eastern and Central Africa
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Omamo,   Steven Were; Diao,   Xinshen; Wood,   Stanley; Chamberlin,   Jordan; You,   Liangzhi; Benin,   Samuel; Wood-Sichra,   Ulrike; Tatwangire,   Alex.
In countries that are heavily dependent on agriculture for employment and income, underperformance is not only untenable but also potentially explosive. This is the case in the countries of eastern and central Africa—Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda—where tens of millions of people face ongoing poverty, hunger, and malnutrition. This report, the result of a two-year collaboration between the International Food Policy Research Institute and the Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa, identifies how eastern and central African countries can stimulate agricultural growth to address these dire circumstances. The findings suggest that...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Economic aspects; Africa; Eastern; Central; Agricultural development projects; International Development.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37881

Rural Investments to Accelerate Growth and Poverty Reduction in Kenya
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Thurlow,   James; Kiringai,   Jane; Gautam,   Madhur.
Kenya’s economy is relatively diverse, with both agricultural and industrial potential. However, the economy has performed poorly over the last decade, and poverty and inequality have risen. This paper examines the impact of alternative growth paths and rural investments on poverty using an economy-wide model. It finds that if Kenya continues along its current growth path, its economy will have to grow by more than 10 percent per year over the coming decade to meet the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of halving poverty by 2015. Therefore, Kenya must search for alternative sources of poverty-reducing growth. The results of the model indicate that poverty is unlikely to decline significantly without an acceleration of agricultural growth. Growth in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Rural investment; Poverty; Inequality; Kenya; Africa; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42376

Engendering Rural Livelihoods in Malawi through Agricultural Innovation Systems
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Mapila,   Mariam A.T.J.; Anesu,   Makina.
The study evaluates the gendered impacts of Agricultural Innovation Systems driven research on livelihood improvements in Africa.  Using a case study from Malawi, the study employs a quasi-experimental research design with propensity score matching to establish a counterfactual and single differencing to measure impact. Results demonstrate that innovation systems driven agricultural research programs impact positively and significantly upon the livelihood outcomes of rural women. However there are differences in benefits accruing to women in rural communities depending on headship of the household with female-headed households benefiting more as compared to women in male-headed households. Policy implications are that; although innovation systems thinking...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Gender equity; Quasi-experimentation; Enabling Rural Innovation; Africa; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123359

Trends and Patterns in Fertilizer Use by Smallholder Farmers in Kenya, 1997-2007
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ariga,   Joshua; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Kibaara,   Betty; Nyoro,   James K.
This study uses nationwide household panel survey data from 1996/97 to 2006/07 to examine trends in fertilizer use on maize by smallholder maize growers. The paper also compares these findings with fertilizer use rates according to other recent surveys in Kenya to assess comparability. We also examine the correlation between household fertilizer use and indicators of welfare such as wealth and landholding size. In addition, we use econometric techniques applied to household survey data to identify the main household and community characteristics associated with fertilizer purchases. Lastly, the study considers alternative policy strategies for maintaining smallholders’ access to fertilizer in the current context of substantially higher world fertilizer...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Fertilizer; Africa; Malawi; Kenya; Small Holders; Crop Production/Industries; Q13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55169

Natural Resource Management, Food Security, and Rural Development in Zambia: Moving From Research Evidence to Action Proceedings of the Public Forum
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Simasiku,   Phyllis; Chapoto,   Antony; Richardson,   Robert B.; Sichilongo,   Mwape; Tembo,   Gelson; Weber,   Michael T.; Zulu,   Alimakio.
Natural resource use, including land, and rural population location is an   important topic for Zambia's development strategy. Among other efforts, the   Government of Zambia (GRZ) has designated 22% of total land area, as Game   Management Areas (GMAs) for human settlements and wildlife conservation.   Other GRZ programmes seek to improve food security and agricultural   productivity, including the use and improvement of conservation farming   techniques. GRZ is currently reviewing policies in the agricultural, forestry,   fisheries, wildlife and land sectors. Research in these fields has much to  contribute to effective management of MAs, increased agricultural productivity and improved welfare, especially for the rural population.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Zambia; Africa; Natural resources management; GMA; Wildlife management policies; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Q34.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58518

Spatial Patterns of Food Staple Production and Marketing in South East Africa: Implications for Trade Policy and Emergency Response
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Haggblade,   Steven; Longabaugh,   Steven; Tschirley,   David L.
This paper aims to develop and test methods for spatial mapping of population, food production, consumption, and marketed quantities in Africa. As an initial, exploratory exercise, the paper examines the spatial pattern of population, food production, consumption, and trade in the three countries of Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique. This largely descriptive initial work will lay the empirical foundations for future analytical work modeling regional trade flows of food staples. By mapping population, food production, and trade flows, the paper aims to help policy makers better understand and anticipate spatial interactions in staple food markets. Through visual presentation of market information, these spatial mapping tools offer prospects for animating an...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Africa; Food Security; Production; Marketing; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54553

Structure des marchés du coton graine et performance du secteur coton : Plusieurs leçons mais pas de prescription de recommandations
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Kelly,   Valerie A.; Tschirley,   David L.
Produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development under the WACIP project funded by USAID (Programme de Renforcement du Secteur Coton en Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Africa; Cotton; Seed; Market structure; Crop Production/Industries; Q13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55361

Market opportunities for African agriculture: a general equilibrium examination of demand-side constraints on agricultural growth in East and Southern Africa
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Diao,   Xinshen; Dorosh,   Paul A.; Rahman,   Shaikh Mahfuzur.
In today’s more integrated world economy, agricultural growth in Africa depends not only on raising productivity and increasing production, but on increasing the competitiveness of African agriculture in the global market and expanding its market opportunities within Africa. Unless demand increases, African agriculture cannot grow at a rate sufficient to reduce poverty and hunger to any substantial degree. The accelerated economic growth in Africa in recent years might offer increased opportunities for agriculture from domestic demand. This research report focuses on demand-side constraints on African agricultural growth and their implications for three broad agricultural development strategies: promoting traditional exports, developing nontraditional...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Africa; International trade; International Development.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37877

Maize Market Sheds in Eastern and Southern Africa. Report 1
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Govereh,   Jones; Haggblade,   Steven; Nielson,   Hunter; Tschirley,   David L.
A report prepared by Michigan State University for the World Bank under contract No. 7144132, Strengthening Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa through Trade Liberalization and Regional Integration
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Africa; Markets; Maize; International Relations/Trade; Q13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55374

Assessment of Alternative Maize Trade and Market Policy Interventions in Zambia
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Govereh,   Jones; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Chapoto,   Antony.
The economic reforms in maize marketing and trade policies implemented during the 1990s have been highly controversial, and there remains a lack of solid empirical investigation on the impacts of these reforms on national food security, price stability and rural income growth. This study aims to provide a detailed evidence-based analysis of the impacts of maize marketing and trade policies on smallholder agricultural production growth, access to food by consumers, and other important national policy objectives. These insights from Zambia can hopefully move forward the continuing debate in the region on how maize marketing and trade policies should be structured in the future.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Policy; Zambia; Africa; Maize; Trade; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54492

Agricultural Globalization in Reverse: The Impact of the Food Crisis in West Africa
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Staatz,   John M.; Dembele,   Niama Nango; Kelly,   Valerie A.; Adjao,   Ramziath.
Background paper for the Geneva Trade and Development Forum Crans-Montana, Switzerland September 17-20, 2008
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Africa; Globalization; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Q11.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55466

Consumers' Willingness to Pay for Genetically Modified Foods in Kenya
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Kimenju,   Simon Chege; De Groote,   Hugo.
A survey of 600 consumers was conducted in Nairobi to determine attitudes and willingness to pay (WTP) for GM maize meal. WTP was estimated using the double-bounded logit model. Overall, 38% are aware of GM crops. Most consumers believe in the technology's positive impacts, but are concerned about environmental and health risks. Majority (68%) would buy GM maize meal at the price of their favourite maize meal brand. The mean WTP for GM maize meal is KShs 58 for a 2kg packet, a premium of 13.7 % over mean average price of favourite brands. WTP is influenced more by subjective than socioeconomic characteristics.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: GMO; Biotechnology; Consumer; Africa; Maize; Consumer/Household Economics; D12; C25; Q16.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24504

Why are Fresh Produce Prices So Unstable in Lusaka? Insights for Policy and Investment Priorities.
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Hichaambwa,   Munguzwe; Tschirley,   David L.
Daily quantities of tomato, rape and onion entering Soweto market in Lusaka fluctuate dramatically. The market does a remarkable job of moderating the impact on prices of these unstable quantities, through stabilizing mechanisms such as short-term storage of tomato and rape by traders and consumers, longer-term storage of onion by traders, direct sourcing of rape from farm areas by retail traders, and exportation of tomato and onion outside Lusaka. Yet even with these stabilizing mechanisms, wholesale prices are highly variable, with negative effects on farmers and consumers. Reducing variability requires investments in four areas: (a) improved control of production environments by farmers through irrigation, better access to inputs and greater agronomic...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Produce; Zambia; Africa; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Marketing.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93009

Medição do Impacto dos Bens Públicos e Privados sobre os Rendimentos Familiares Provenientes de Culturas em Moçambique Rural, 2002-2005
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Mather,   David; Donovan,   Cynthia; Boughton,   Duncan.
This brief summarizes detailed analysis of the determinants of household crop income in rural Mozambique from 2002 to 2005. Increased crop income is associated with increases in household land area, use of animal traction, crop diversification into tobacco or cotton, access to market price information, and access to extension agents (for tobacco/cotton growers). Decreases in crop income are associated with drought. Results demonstrate that there are both public and private investments that can enhance farmers’ ability to increase crop income and avoid losses. Priority investments include: development and dissemination of drought-resistant varieties for maize and cassava, conservation farming, animal traction, market information, access to high-value crops...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Africa; Mozambique; Food security; Assets; Household; Rural; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56804

African Regional Integration: Implications for Food Security
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: van Dijk,   Michiel.
This report looks at the African regional trade, regional integration agreements (RIAs) and the implications for food security. An overview is presented on the present state of African regional integration and the determinants of regional trade in agriculture and food commodities. In particular the study focuses on eight target countries, related RIAs and a set of strategic food commodities. The evidence presented in this study shows that African countries have made progress in opening up agriculture and food trade with partner countries. With, the exception of Ghana, Tanzania and Mozambique, the effective applied tariff rates for regional trade partners are substantially lower than the (MFN) rates applied to world trade partners. Nonetheless, regional...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Regional integration agreements; Africa; Food security.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101645

Lessons Learned from 25 Years of Food Security Research, Capacity-Building, and Outreach.
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Food Security Group at Michigan State University.
Decades of research have led to substantially improved understanding of the nature of food insecurity. Until the food crisis of 2007/08, a combination of economic growth and targeted programs resulted in a steady fall in the percentage of the world’s population suffering from under-nutrition (from 20% in 1990/92 to 16% in 2006). Yet over a billion people still face both chronic and/or transitory food insecurity due to long-standing problems of inadequate income, low-productivity in agricultural production and marketing, and related problems of poor health and absence of clean water. Among regions of the world, the greatest number of the food insecure lives in South Asia, while Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has the highest proportion of population that is food...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Africa; Food Security; Research; Capacity building; Outreach; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q10; Q18; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55047

International conference on policy and institutional options for the management of rangelands in dry areas: workshop summary paper
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ngaido,   Tidiane; McCarthy,   Nancy; di Gregorio,   Monica.
The System-wide Program for Collective Action and Property Rights (CAPRi) sponsored an International Conference on Policy and Institutional Options for the Management of Rangelands in Dry Areas, May 7-11, 2001 in Hammamet, Tunisia. The conference focused on institutional aspects of rangeland management and brought together policy makers and researchers from North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa and West Asia to discuss sustainable rangeland production strategies and livelihood of pastoral communities in dry areas. This conference summary paper contains summaries of the CAPRi sponsored research findings on institutional options for rangeland, policy makers’ interventions and reactions as well as the synthesis of discussion groups. These working groups evaluated...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Rangelands; Institutions; Natural resource management; Property rights; Collective action; Case studies; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Asia; North Africa; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50055

Growth Options and Poverty Reduction in Ethiopia: A Spatial Economywide Model Analysis for 2004-15
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Diao,   Xinshen; Nin Pratt,   Alejandro; Ghautam,   Madhur; Keough,   James; Chamberlin,   Jordan; You,   Liangzhi; Puetz,   Detlev; Resnick,   Danielle; Yu,   Bingxin.
Also published as EDRI-ESSP Policy Working Paper No. 2: Xinshen Diao; Alejandro Nin Pratt; Madhur Ghautam; James Keough; Jordan Chamberlin; Liangszi You; Detlev Puetz; Danielle Resnick; Bingxin Yu. 2005. Growth options and poverty reduction in Ethiopia: a spatial, economywide model analysis for 2004-15.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Poverty alleviation; Agricultural growth; Agricultural sector; Millennium Development Goals; Spatial analysis (Statistics); Disaggregation; Household surveys; Ethiopia; Africa; Food Security and Poverty; International Development.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58383

Foreign Development Assistance to Agriculture and Food Security in Africa in the last Decade: Lessons for Tomorrow
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ehui,   Simeon K.; Okike,   Iheanacho.
There are well-founded fears that it is unrealistic to expect Africa to achieve the Millennium Development Goal 1 (MDG1) to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger and to halve the proportion of people who suffer hunger by 2015.  Recent efforts of African governments to meet the MDG1 have resulted in a number of initiatives including the Comprehensive African Agricultural Development Programme (CAADP) framework that calls for 6% agricultural growth rates, the Maputo Declaration calling for 10% of total public spending to be on agriculture, and the 2006 Abuja Declaration calling for an increase in fertilizer use from 8 – 50 kg/ha by 2015.  CAADP estimates that an average investment of US$18 billion/year will be required to trigger sufficient agricultural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Africa; Millenium Development Goals; Agriculture; Farmer; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52204

Can Cash Transfers Promote Food Security in the Context of Volatile Commodity Prices? A Review of Empirical Evidence.
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Magen,   Benjamin B.; Donovan,   Cynthia; Kelly,   Valerie A.
This working paper synthesizes the theoretical and empirical literature on the use of cash transfers in response to food crisis situations, with particular attention to their use in situations that are exacerbated by volatile, often inflationary, commodity prices. The paper is designed for policymakers who are wondering if cash transfers might be an appropriate instrument in the context of 2008’s unstable commodity prices for both food and energy, but are unfamiliar with the literature and discussions surrounding the cash vs. food debate. After defining some key terms and presenting a brief review of the theory behind cash transfer use, the paper synthesizes evidence from studies that have evaluated past cash transfer programs. While the focus is on...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Africa; Food security; Commodity; Price; Food Security and Poverty; Q11.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54557

Animal husbandry in Africa: Climate change impacts and adaptations
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Seo,   S. Niggol; Mendelsohn,   Robert.
This paper uses a cross-sectional approach to analyze the impacts of climate change on animal husbandry and the way farmers adapt. The study is based on surveys of almost 5000 livestock farmers across ten countries in Africa. A traditional Ricardian regression finds that the livestock net revenues of large farms in Africa are more sensitive to temperature than those of small farms. Cross-sectional analysis also reveals that large farms (but not small farms) have fewer animals per farm in warmer places. Farmers tend to select beef cattle and chickens in cool climates and goats and sheep in hot climates. Using the Ricardian results and examining climate scenarios for 2060 and beyond, the net revenues of small farms are predicted to increase as much as 120%...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Livestock; Impact; Adaptation; Africa; Livestock Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12; Q25.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56968

The 2008/09 Food Price and Food Security Situation in Eastern and Southern Africa: Implications for Immediate and Longer Run Responses.
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Jayne,   Thomas S.; Chapoto,   Antony; Minde,   Isaac J.; Donovan,   Cynthia.
The dramatic rise in world food prices since 2007 has commanded the world’s attention. However, in recent months, world food prices have fallen almost as rapidly as they had risen in late 2007 and early 2008, yet as is demonstrated in this report, domestic food price levels in many eastern and southern African markets are not closely tracking world prices. Fertilizer prices remain at unprecedentedly high levels and may have a critical influence on future food production levels in the region. Against this backdrop, there is an urgent need for information about how the current food situation is unfolding in the region, the immediate policy response options, and the longer-term challenges and opportunities. This study has three objectives: 1) to examine the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Africa; Food security; Price; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Q11.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54556

The Economics of Biotechnology (Gmos) and the Need for A Regional Policy: The Case for COMESA Countries
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Minde,   Isaac J.; Kizito,   Mazvimavi.
Many countries in the world have adopted genetically modified organisms as products that can have great beneficial impact on agriculture, industry and trade. However, to date for the whole of Africa, only South Africa has commercialized genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Realizing the high transactions costs—particularly in trade that may underlie different countries having varying policy stances on biotechnology, COMESA (COMESA—Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, is a regional grouping of 20 countries. In the context of this study, Tanzania is also included although it is not a COMESA member. This is because it belongs to the Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA) of which nine countries...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biosafety; Biotechnology; Africa; Policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52150

Kenyan Supermarkets and Horticultural Farm Sector Development
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Neven,   David; Reardon,   Thomas.
In Kenya, supermarkets have grown from a tiny n iche at the start of the 1990s to 20% of the urban food retail sector in 2003. Furthermore, Kenyan supermarket chains are increasingly sourcing from global markets and have started to expand their store network in the wider East Africa region. Within this context, this study focused on the farm-level response to the rise of supermarkets and the new challenges and opportun ities they create. The research found that the rise of supermarkets in Kenya has given rise to a new group of medium-sized farms managed by well-educated farmers. Focusing on kale, the research shows that nearly all supermarket-channel farmers have the capacity to supply larger volumes year round and have transportation vehicles, an...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Supermarkets; Development; Hor ticulture; Farm technology; Africa; Marketing.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25759

Productivity growth and the effects of R&amp;D in African agriculture
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Alene,   Arega D.
This paper measures and compares total factor productivity growth in African agriculture under contemporaneous and sequential technology frontiers over the period 1970–2004. The paper further investigates the sources of agricultural productivity growth using a fixed-effects regression model and a second-degree polynomial distributed lag structure for agricultural research. The conventional estimates show an average productivity growth rate of only 0.3% per year over the period 1970–2004. In contrast to conventional measures, however, the improved measures under sequential technology show that agricultural productivity grew at a higher rate of 1.8% per year. Technical progress, rather than efficiency change, was the principal source of productivity growth....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Productivity growth; Sequential technology; R&amp;D; Africa; International Development; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51436

Staple Food Trade in the COMESA Region: The Need for a Regional Approach to Stimulate Agricultural Growth and Enhance Food Security
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Nijhoff,   Jan J.
COMMON MARKET FOR EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA Twenty Fourth Meeting of the Trade and Customs Committee Nairobi, Kenya 2-4 November, 2009
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Africa; Grain; Trade; Food policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Q11; Q18; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62227

Diversity of Communities and Economic Development: An Overview
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ranis,   Gustav.
This paper reviews the literature on the impact of ethnic diversity on economic development. Ethnically polarized societies are less likely to agree on the provision of public goods and more likely to engage in rent seeking activities  providing lower levels of social capital. Initial conditions are important determinants of adverse development outcomes.  The role of decentralization, democracy and markets as potential remedies are discussed.  The paper then presents a number of preliminary hypotheses on the relationship between diversity and instability in order to stimulate future research.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Africa; Diversity; Economic Growth; Instability; International Development; O11; O40; O43; O55.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54531

Striga Management through Herbicide Resistance: A Public-Private Partnership in Action
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Woomer,   Paul L.; Savala,   Canon N.
Striga is an indigenous parasitic weed that attacks cereals and other crops in Africa.  In maize croplands alone, Striga infests over 2.3 million ha resulting in 1.6 million tons of grain loss worth US $383 million annually.  An innovative approach to controlling the parasite was to induce herbicide resistance in maize and to coat the seed with herbicide to provide chemical protection from infection.  This breakthrough that was realized after 12 years of collaborative research and development by the International Maize and Wheat Centre (CIMMYT), the Kenya Agricultural Research Center (KARI) and the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel, is now ready for deployment in Sub-Saharan Africa.  This effort is most advanced in Kenya, where one variety of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Africa; Herbicides; Maize; Striga; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52184

Violence, Political Instability, and International Trade: Evidence from Kenya’s Cut Flower Sector
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Muhammad,   Andrew; D'Souza,   Anna; Amponsah,   William A.
Abstract:  We assess whether and how violence and political instability affect trade between developed and developing countries considering the special case of EU imports of Kenyan roses after the 2007/08 post-election violence and political instability in Kenya. Using the Rotterdam model to estimate EU demand for roses from Kenya and other global competitors, we find evidence of a structural change in the import growth rate for Kenya, approximately equivalent to an 18.6% tariff. These results highlight the importance of non-tariff barriers to trade and contribute to the growing literature on the role of insecurity and instability in hindering international trade.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Kenya; Africa; EU; Election violence; Cut flowers; Roses; Imports; International trade; Demand and Price Analysis; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; F14; F23; F59; O13; Q17.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118374

Início Antecipado da Campanha de Comercialização de Milho, Feijões e Mandioca: Preços Altos Caracterizam a Campanha de Comercialização de 2007/08
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Equipe Tecnica do SIMA.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Mozambique; Agriculture; Africa; Food security; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53454

Trade Imbalances and the Political Economy of a Transitional Fund in the EAC
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Shams,   Rasul.
The EAC is on the verge of establishing a customs union. But this is accompanied by fears that the Customs Union would lead to trade imbalances among the Partner States, which would create serious problems for the proper functioning of the Customs Union itself. To mitigate these problems the establishment of a transitional fund is proposed. Based on a study of the trade effects of the Customs Union it is shown that these fears are unfounded, and the establishment of a transitional fund to address imbalances therefore not necessary. Stakeholders views on the establishment of a transitional fund are also analysed to assess their influence on the integration policy in the EAC. The historical background of the fears of a customs union is described and it is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic Integration; Africa; Political Economy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; F15; O55; P16.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26261

Maize Market Sheds in Eastern and Southern Africa. Report 1. Country Annexes
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Aliguma,   Lucy; Ashimogo,   Gasper; Mwale,   Geoffrey S.; Nyoro,   James K.; Phiri,   Alexander; Traub,   Lulama Ndibongo.
Annexes to the report prepared by Michigan State University for the World Bank under contract No. 7144132, Strengthening Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa through Trade Liberalization and Regional Integration
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Africa; Markets; Maize; Crop Production/Industries; Q13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55375

IMPACTS OF COMMUNITY-DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS ON INCOME AND ASSET ACQUISITION IN AFRICA: THE CASE OF NIGERIA
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Nkonya,   Ephraim M.; Phillip,   Dayo; Mogues,   Tewodaj; Pender,   John L.; Kato,   Edward.
This study evaluates the impacts of a community-driven development (CDD) project on household income and acquisition of productive assets in Nigeria. Using panel data and difference-in-differences and propensity score matching approaches, the study finds that the project succeeded in targeting the poor and women farmers in its productive asset acquisition component. Participation in the project also increased the income of beneficiaries by about 60%, which is well above the targeted increase of only 20% in the 6-year period of the project.  However, sustainability of this dramatic achievement is uncertain since the project did not involve rural credit services. The large cash transfer through its productive asset acquisition component is also unsustainable.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nigeria; Africa; Community-driven development; Impact evaluation; Poverty; Targeting; Income; Assets; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; H43; H42; Q13; Q15.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50537

A Typology for Vulnerability and Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Zhang,   Xiaobo; Rockmore,   Marc; Chamberlin,   Jordan.
This paper considers vulnerability reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) from a more aggregated macro viewpoint. We focus on risk related to agriculture, since vulnerability and agriculture are intimately linked in SSA due to the location of the poor, their dependence on agriculture and the inherent risks of an agricultural livelihood. We argue that agricultural growth is one of the most effective means for improving permanent incomes and reducing vulnerability. However, agriculture is not homogeneous, and the inherent risks vary across countries and regions. Therefore, we also discuss appropriate investment strategies and policy instruments for different sets of risks.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Africa; Agriculture; Vulnerability; Typology; International Development.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42365

The role of agriculture in development : implications for Sub-Saharan Africa
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Diao,   Xinshen; Hazell,   Peter B.R.; Resnick,   Danielle; Thurlow,   James.
Thinking on development has long held that agricultural growth is an important step toward economic development and transformation. However, the new challenges facing African agriculture in today’s more globalized environment have led some to question whether conventional wisdom about the role of agriculture in development is still applicable to Africa. There is a shift in emphasis toward nonagricultural growth opportunities, which has the potential to reshape the development strategies of many African countries over the coming decades. This research report critically examines conventional wisdom and contemporary skepticism. It also develops a country typology reflecting the diversity of conditions across the subcontinent and then examines the role of...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Economic aspects; Africa; Sub-Saharan; Farms; Small; Rural development; Poverty; Agriculture and state; International Development.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37878

Alternative Instruments for Ensuring Food Security and Price Stability in Zambia
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Dorosh,   Paul A.; Dradri,   Simon; Haggblade,   Steven.
Given heavy dependence on rainfed maize production, Zambia must routinely cope with pronounced production and consumption volatility in their primary food staple. Typical policy responses include increased food aid flows, government commercial imports and stock releases, and tight controls on private sector trade. This paper examines recent experience in Zambia, using a simple economic model to assess the likely impact of maize production shocks on the domestic maize price and on staple food consumption under alternative policy regimes. In addition to an array of public policy instruments, the analysis evaluates the quantitative impact of two key private sector responses in moderating food consumption volatility— private cross-border maize trade and...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Policy; Zambia; Africa; Price; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54488

How are Vegetables Marketed into Lusaka? The Structure of Lusaka’s Fresh Produce Marketing System and Implications for Investment Priorities.
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Hichaambwa,   Munguzwe; Tschirley,   David L.
Key findings regarding the structure of trade for tomato, rape, and onion into Lusaka are (a) regional trade is an important part of Zambia’s fresh produce  system, (b) supply chains for tomato, rape, and onion are short, (c) the role of the modern market system is very small, and (d) the role of urban agriculture in supplying Lusaka markets for these vegetables is also small, though it is meaningful in the case of rape. Main policy implications from this and related work are that (a) investments and policies to promote regional trade are relevant for the horticultural sector, not just food staples, (b) the traditional market system needs improved hard infrastructure linked to more collaborative  public/private management models and improved coordination...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Africa; Vegetables; Zambia; Produce; Marketing; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; Marketing.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93008

Unscrambling Africa: Regional Requirements for Achieving Food Security
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Haggblade,   Steven.
Africa has inherited highly arbitrary political borders that vastly complicate current efforts to accelerate agricultural growth and reduce hunger. Because Africa’s inherited political borders arbitrarily partition agro-ecological zones and natural market sheds, current country borders serve as barriers, hampering agricultural technology transfer, hindering agricultural trade and dampening incentives for farmers and agribusinesses to invest in Africa’s many regional breadbasket zones. Feasible solutions revolve around neutralizing these deleterious effects through regional scientific networks and regional corridor development programs.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Africa; Food Security; Markets; Technology transfer; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Marketing; R12; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97030

Grain price adjustment asymmetry: the case of cowpea in Ghana
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Langyintuo,   Augustine S.
Patterns in price adjustment in response to information are important to market practitioners. This study looks at cowpea real wholesale price adjustment patterns in Bolgatanga, Wa, Makola and Techiman markets in Ghana. Using Techiman as the central market, a threshold autoregressive test for asymmetric price adjustment rejected the null hypothesis of symmetric adjustment for only the Bolgatanga-Techiman price series. An autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic regression indicates that wholesalers in Bolgatanga market respond differentially to price signals from Techiman than those in the other two markets. This suggests that policies targeting cowpea traders must recognize the differential responses by wholesalers to information.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Africa; Ghana; Wholesalers; Market information; Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity; Threshold autoregressive; Crop Production/Industries; D82; D43.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96165

Synergistic Green and White Revolution: Evidence from Kenya and Uganda
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Jia,   Xiangping.
Rising agricultural productivity in developing countries is crucial to ease the tension of increased population and haunting concern on food security. Nevertheless the soaring price of fertilizer and sluggish dissemination of improved seed varieties prohibit the poor to tap benefits from increased productivity. In the presence of the pressing button on food security, subsidizing fertilizer and seeds is recently voiced heavily. This study reveals that the adoption of improved maize variety in Kenya leads to higher yield than that in Uganda. By introducing livestock programs, the agricultural productivity in Kenya is sustained with a synergy between the “Green Revolution” and “White Revolution”. To tap agricultural potentials in Africa, subsidizing...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Green revolution; Livestock; Fertilizer; Food security; Propensity score matching; Africa; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Development; Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q12; Q18; Q56.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51367

Transmission of World Food Price Changes to African Markets and its Effect on Household Welfare
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Minot,   Nicholas.
Paper to be presented at the Comesa policy seminar “Food price variability: Causes, consequences, and policy options" on 25-26 January 2010 in Maputo, Mozambique under the Comesa-MSU-IFPRI African Agricultural Markets Project (AAMP)
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Africa; Food security; Food prices; Global markets; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Q11; Q13; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58563

The New Generation of African Fertilizer Subsidies: Panacea or Pandora’s Box?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Kelly,   Valerie A.; Crawford,   Eric W.; Ricker-Gilbert,   Jacob.
For several reasons, fertilizer subsidies are again popular policy tools. First, there is broad agreement that fertilizer is a critical yet still-underused input for improving productivity and food security in Africa. Second, politicians have felt greater urgency to increase domestic food production since the 2007/08 food price crisis. Third, subsidy programs are highly visible, popular with voters, and viewed as politically beneficial. Fourth, donor budget support has made it easier for governments to pay for subsidies.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Fertilizer subsidies; Africa; Malawi; Zambia; Senegal; Feed The Future; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107460

African hunt for investment: any chance for success?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Dyakov,   Ignaty.
During recent two decades the world has witnessed a drastic increase in global FDI inflows. Gradually more and more investment has been directed to the developing countries in the attempt to diversify portfolios and use finance in the most efficient way. Not all developing regions of the world perfectly succeeded in attracting FDI. Large by labor force and territory, abundant in natural resources Sub-Saharan Africa could perform much better in this aspect. This paper once again reviews the opportunities for FDI in Africa and suggests possible ways for authorities of African states to overcome the existing situation.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: FDI; Africa; Determinants; Policy recommendations; Financial Economics; International Development; F21; O55.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94546

Factors Affecting Poverty Dynamics in Rural Zambia.
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Chapoto,   Antony; Banda,   Diana J.; Haggblade,   Steven; Hamukwala,   Priscilla.
Rural poverty rates in Zambia have remained very high, at 80%, over the past decade and a half, whilst urban poverty rates have declined, from 49% in 1991 to 34% in 2006. Redressing this high rural poverty rate remains a government priority in the National Development Programs. However, solutions have proven elusive. Solid empirically based information on dynamics that have improved the welfare of small-scale farm households in Zambia, combined with an agenda for disseminating this information in public discourse, offer prospects for generating a more transparent and pro-poor policy orientation. Using longitudinal data collected from 4,286 households which participated in three nationwide surveys conducted over seven years, in 2001, 2004, and 2008, we...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Poverty Dynamics; Zambia; Rural poverty; Africa; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109888

Assessment of the Farm Level Financial Profitability of the Magoye RipperiIn Maize and Cotton Production in Southern and Eastern Provinces
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Kabwe,   Stephen; Donovan,   Cynthia; Samazaka,   David.
With the risk of the drought in the agricultural production areas of Zambia, conservation farming (CF) was introduced as a set of technologies that can improve productivity while reducing plant stress due to moisture constraints. Under animal traction, CF involves using the Magoye ripper to minimize soil disturbance in land preparation and to help improve water conservation, thus enhancing farmers’ land and labor productivity. This technology has been promoted by Golden Valley Agricultural Research Trust (GART) and other stakeholders in the agricultural sector in Zambia and shows promise in on-station and on-farm trials.  This research is based on actual farmer use of the ripper in Eastern and Southern Provinces in 2004/2005, a year with erratic rainfall...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Conservation Farming; Magoye Ripper; Zambia.; Africa; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54482

The Impacts of U.S. Cotton Programs on the West and Central African Countries Cotton Export Earnings
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Fadiga,   Mohamadou L.; Mohanty,   Samarendu; Pan,   Suwen.
This study uses a stochastic simulation approach based on a partial equilibrium structural econometric model of the world fiber market to examine the effects of a removal of U.S. cotton programs on the world market. The effects on world cotton prices and African export earnings were analyzed. The results suggest that on average an elimination of U.S. cotton programs would lead to a marginal increase in the world cotton prices thus resulting in minimal gain for cotton exporting countries in Africa.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Stochastic simulation; Partial equilibrium model; United States; Africa; Cotton subsidies; Export earnings; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44098

Seeking a Common Path: Structuring Multistakeholder Dialogue on Agricultural Biotechnology in Africa
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: von Grebmer,   Klaus; Omamo,   Steven Were.
This paper analyzes an ongoing effort by national, regional, and international partners to raise awareness, promote dialogue, and catalyze consensus-building mechanisms among stakeholder groups on the role of biotechnology in agricultural development and food security in southern Africa. Stakeholders include public bodies, the private sector, and civil society. The paper argues that while responsible adoption of agricultural biotechnology promises significant gains to the countries of southern Africa, governments must clarify its specific role, improve policies for its application, and assess the place of biotechnology in broader development strategies. The issues that surround the introduction, creation, and application of agricultural biotechnology in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Consensus-building; Conflict resolution; Africa; Food security; Genetically modified food; Biosafety; Capacity building; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58581

Identification of Key Analytical Agenda Related to CAADP Pillars 2 and 3
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Tschirley,   David L.; Haggblade,   Steven.
Prepared by Food Security Group, Michigan State University,
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Africa; Caadp; Food Security and Poverty; Q11.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57447

On the Role of Government in Food Staples Markets: Perspectives from   Recent Research and Implications for Mozambique
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Tostao,   Emilio; Tschirley,   David L.
This brief reviews results of applied research regarding the role of government in staple food markets in East and Southern Africa. The purpose of the brief is to draw lessons for Mozambique as it decides how to use the grain storage silos it has been building since 2009. The authors suggest that: Mozambique is in an unusually strong position to take advantage of private sector activity to stabilize prices over time and space; Additional investment in road and rail infrastructure, incentives, and institutions, would help bring down transaction costs and allow private action to further stabilize prices; Additional stabilization, for those times when Mozambique has to rely on imports from the world market beyond what they normally make, could be obtained in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Africa; Mozambique; Food security; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; Marketing; Q18; Q13; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62154

Designing the Last Mile of the Supply Chain in Africa: Firm Expansion and Managerial Inferences from a Grocer Model of Location Decisions
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Weatherspoon,   Dave D.; Ross,   Anthony.
The recent interest in the expansion of retail food chains and the perceived problems resulting from competition between these new, sophisticated supply chains and the most basic of food distribution networks in emerging economies have been greatly debated in the literature. This paper is a seminal approach to examining South-South food firm (grocer) foreign direct investment by incorporating data on the informal market into a facility location decision model. There are unique environmental complexities that developing/transitioning economies present. The unique finding of this model is that informal employment patterns, in both Agricultural and non-Agricultural sectors, influence the firm’s location. Given the absence of data, South-South foreign direct...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Supply Chain; Africa; Informal Markets; Facility Location Model; Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing; Q10.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53625

Modernizing Africa’s Fresh Produce Supply Chains without Rapid Supermarket Takeover: Towards a Definition of Research and Investment Priorities
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Tschirley,   David L.; Ayieko,   Miltone W.; Hichaambwa,   Munguzwe; Goeb,   Joey; Loescher,   Wayne.
After a burst of enthusiasm through the middle part of this decade regarding the supermarket revolution, there now exists a broad consensus that this phenomenon is likely to proceed much more slowly than once thought in Sub-Saharan Africa. This is especially true in fresh produce supply chains, where both the promise and the perils of supermarket expansion have received greatest attention. In nearly the entire continent, the so-called traditional marketing sector – open air markets, dispersed informal vendors, and traditional shops – is expected to play a dominant role in fresh produce marketing for several decades. If true, this finding has profound policy implications. Specifically, it suggests that private investment in modern, integrated supply chains...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Marketing; Africa; Agribusiness; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93030

Understanding Foreign Direct Investment in the Southern African Development Community: An Analysis Based on Project-Level Data
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Mhlanga,   Nomathemba; Blalock,   Garrick; Christy,   Ralph D.
This paper uses a uniquely rich project-level dataset to analyze determinants and trends of FDI flows to the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region.  We control for the source of the investment, the sector in which the investment is undertaken, and the investment type in addition to project size.  The results indicate market size to have a positive impact on FDI flows under all specifications- a result consistent with earlier studies.  Other variables are unstable depending on specification and the subset of the data used.  Furthermore, we find no significant differences in factors that drive FDI flows by source country, while greenfield investments are seen to respond more to the growth potential of the market relative to other forms of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Foreign Direct Investment; Determinants; Africa; International Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; F23; O55.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51632

Staple Food Consumption Patterns in Urban Zambia: Results from the 2007/2008 Urban Consumption Survey
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Mason,   Nicole M.; Jayne,   Thomas S.
After two decades of de-urbanization, Zambia is again becoming increasingly urban. While the urban share of the population fell to 35% in 2000 due primarily to the decline of the copper industry, over half of Zambia’s people will be residing in urban areas by 2040. Given this urbanization trajectory, to be effective, policies to promote smallholder agriculture and improved urban food marketing system performance in Zambia will need to take into consideration the demand patterns of urban food consumers. Urban consumption patterns will increasingly determine the opportunities available to small-scale farmers. Accurate information on urban consumer preferences can also help identify key leverage points and investment priorities to improve the performance of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Food security; Africa; Zambia; Consumption urban; Staple foods; Survey; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Q19.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56803

Household Income and Assets in Rural Mozambique, 2002-2005: Can Pro-Poor Growth Be Sustained?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Mather,   David; Cunguara,   Benedito; Boughton,   Duncan.
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Directorate of Economics, Republic of Mozambique
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Africa; Agriculture; Mozambique; Income; Growth; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56072

District-level Spatial Analysis of Migration Flows in Ghana: Determinants and Implications for Policy
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Tsegai,   Daniel W.; Le,   Quang Bao.
The present study investigates the determinants of inter-district migration flows over the 1995-2000 period in Ghana. A combination of socio-economic, natural and spatial ‘district-level’ attributes are considered as potential variables explaining the direction of migration flows. In addition to the ‘net’ migration model, ‘in’ and ‘out’ migration models are also employed within the context of the gravity model. Results in the three models consistently show that people move out of districts with less employment and choose districts with high employment rate as destinations. While shorter distance to roads encourages out-migration, districts with better water access seem to attract migrants. Generally, people move out of predominantly agrarian districts to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Gross migration; Net migration; Inter-district migration flows; Spatial analysis; Ghana; Africa; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98131

Patterns and Trends in Food Staples Markets in Eastern and Southern Africa:   Toward the Identification of Priority Investments and Strategies for Developing Markets and Promoting Smallholder Productivity Growth
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Jayne,   Thomas S.; Mason,   Nicole M.; Myers,   Robert J.; Ferris,   John N.; Mather,   David; Beaver,   Margaret; Lenski,   Natalie; Chapoto,   Antony; Boughton,   Duncan.
Accurate information on farmer and consumer behavior is the foundation for  Identifying public investments and policies that can effectively promote national food security and income growth objectives. This report synthesizes recent findings on smallholder crop  marketing behavior and urban consumption patterns in Eastern and Southern Africa, and their implications for public sector investments and policies to promote smallholder incomes and national food security.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Africa; Smallholder markets; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; International Development; Marketing; Q14; Q13; Q12; Q11.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62148

Trends in Kenyan Agricultural Productivity: 1997-2007
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Kibaara,   Betty; Ariga,   Joshua; Olwande,   John; Jayne,   Thomas S.
Egerton University Tegemeo Institute of Agricultural Policy and Development
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Africa; Kenya; Productivity; Productivity Analysis; Q10.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56117

Assessing the Impact of ACP/EU Economic Partnership Agreement on West African Countries
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Busse,   Matthias; Grossmann,   Harald.
The European Union is currently negotiating free trade agreements, called Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs), with African countries as part of the Cotonou Agreement between the European Union and African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. The paper empirically assesses the impact of the EPAs on trade flows and government revenue for 14 West African countries. The results indicate that the decline in import duties due to the preferential tariff elimination might be of some cause for concern and that complementary fiscal and economic policies have to be implemented before or at the time the EPAs come into force.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic Partnership Agreements; EU; ECOWAS; Africa; International Relations/Trade; F15; O24; O55.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26198

The Evaluation of the Impacts of Title II Monetization Programs for Wheat and Crude Edible Oils in Mozambique, 1997-2007
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Donovan,   Cynthia; Zavale,   Helder; Tschirley,   David L.
From 1997-2007, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Title II monetization programs sold more than US$200 million of food aid wheat and unrefined vegetable oils in Mozambique. This research has three objectives: 1) to document the lessons learned from past monetization programs in Mozambique; 2) to identify the intended and unintended effects of monetization in Mozambique; and 3) to document indirect successes as a result of using monetization in Mozambique, if any. Monetization programs in Mozambique prior to 1997 demonstrated positive effects on market development and contributed to food security in a critical period. During later periods, the monetized food aid displayed the negative effects of uncoordinated food aid deliveries...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Africa; Mozambique; Monetization; Title II; Wheat; Edible oils; Emergency; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Marketing; Q19.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56800

Agricultural Productivity Growth in Africa: Is Efficiency Catching-up or Lagging Behind?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Mugera,   Amin W.; Ojede,   Andrew.
Recent empirical studies on agricultural productivity growth in African countries have produced mixed results; some find that uptake of new technology (technical progress) is the main source of total factor productivity growth while others point to improved use of existing technology (efficiency catch-up). This study tests for efficiency catch-up in the agricultural productivity of 33 African countries from 1966 to 2001. We use recent advances in data envelopment analysis (DEA) to generate standard and bootstrap bias corrected technical efficiency scores. In general, we find no evidence of efficiency catching-up. The standard DEA overestimated the efficiency scores of some countries due to small sample bias.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Efficiency Catch-up; Bootstrap DEA; Africa; International Development; Production Economics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100687

Agricultural trade for food security in Africa: A Ricardian model approach
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Diagne,   Mandiaye; Abele,   Steffen; Diagne,   Aliou; Seck,   Papa Abdoulaye.
Regionalism and food security is a relatively neglected topic with very limited literature. We use a Ricardian trade model with multiple goods and countries which embeds a structure of gravity equation and yield variability. Our study shows that integration with African markets of staple foods is associated with higher growth, underpinning the need for growth strategies to emphasize scaling up and diversifying exports within Africa. Africa needs to unlock its high potential untapped land and fill up the yield gap.  We found as well that enhanced competitiveness and reduced barriers to trade are the two critical areas of action.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ricardian model; Yield variability; Agricultural trade; Staple foods; Africa; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123842

Measuring the Impact of Public and Private Assets on Household Crop Income in Rural Mozambique, 2002-2005
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Mather,   David; Donovan,   Cynthia; Boughton,   Duncan.
This brief summarizes detailed analysis of the determinants of household crop income in rural Mozambique from 2002 to 2005. Increased crop income is associated with increases in household land area, use of animal traction, crop diversification into tobacco or cotton, access to market price information, and access to extension agents (for tobacco/cotton growers). Decreases in crop income are associated with drought. Results demonstrate that there are both public and private investments that can enhance farmers’ ability to increase crop income and avoid losses. Priority investments include: development and dissemination of drought-resistant varieties for maize and cassava, conservation farming, animal traction, market information, access to high-value crops...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Africa; Mozambique; Food security; Assets; Household; Rural; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56805

Patterns of Urban Food Consumption and Expenditure in Zambia: An Overview Report Based on the CSO/MACO/FSRP Food Consumption Survey in Urban Areas of Lusaka, Kitwe, Mansa and Kasama, 2007-2008
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Hichaambwa,   Munguzwe; Beaver,   Margaret; Chapoto,   Antony; Weber,   Michael T.
Replaced with revised version of paper 06/16/10.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Africa; Food security; Urban; Consumption; Zambia; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Q19.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56802

AAMP Proceedings Report:  Trade in Food Staples: Promoting Price Stability and Food Security through Intra-Regional Trade
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
African Agricultural Markets Programme Training Workshop and Policy Seminar Nairobi, Kenya December 2008, COMMON MARKET FOR EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Security; Trade; Africa; Agriculture; Marketing; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54704

The Sophistication and Diversification of the African Agricultural Sector: A Product Space Approach
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Badibanga,   Thaddee Mutumba; Ulimwengu,   John M.
We use the concept of the product space to analyze the key features of the transformation process in Africa with a focus on the agricultural sector. Between 1962 and 2008, we find that both specialization and diversification occur for the overall economy and across sectors. Our findings also confirm that the transformation of the African economy is driven primarily by the increasing specialization of nonagricultural exports. However, the transformation process is still moving more slowly than that of an emerging economy such as Brazil. The index of specialization of agricultural exports grew at a modest annual rate of 2.1 percent between 1962 and 2008, compared to 5.0 percent for nonagricultural exports and 4.1 percent for the overall economy. Although...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Structural transformation; Diversification; Sophistication; Growth; Export; Africa; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; F19; O14; O33; O40.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124498

Building an Agricultural Research for Development System in Africa
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Mbabu,   Adiel N.; Ochieng,   Cosmas M.O.
This paper discusses how impact-oriented agricultural research for development systems in Africa can be better organized and managed. Specifically, the paper puts forth the argument that achieving the development targets set by African leaders and the international community, for example, through the Millennium Development Goals, will be extremely difficult without a satisfactory re-orientation of the organization and management of African research for development systems. Such a re-orientation involves carefully linking the agricultural research agenda with national development priorities; improving coordination, interaction, interlinkages, partnerships, and networks among system agents—that is, agricultural research institutes, extension systems, higher...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural research for development; Organization and management of agricultural research; Africa; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56124

Teacher Job Satisfaction, Student Achievement, and the Cost of Primary Education in Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Michaelowa,   Katharina.
Low teacher motivation and its detrimental effect on student achievement are central problems of many education systems in Africa.  Using standardized data for student achievement in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire, Madagascar and Senegal, this paper analyzes the empirical links between various policy measures,  teacher  job satisfaction and primary education outcomes. It appears that there is only very limited evidence for the effectiveness of intensively debated  and costly measures such as increasing teachers salaries, reducing  class size, and increasing academic  qualification requirements. Other, more simple measures such as improved equipment with textbooks are both more effective and less costly. It also appears that teacher job satisfaction...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Teacher job satisfaction; Student achievement; Africa; Labor and Human Capital; I21; O15; O20.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26273

The taxonomic placement and provenance of Hypopyra inconspicua Herrich-Schäffer (Lepidoptera, Thyrididae)
Provedor de dados: Revista Brasileira de Entomologia
Autores: Becker,Vitor O.
The taxonomic placement and provenance of Hypopyra inconspicua Herrich-Schäffer (Lepidoptera, Thyrididae). Tanyodes inconspicua (Herrich-Schäffer) comb. nov. is transferred from Spirama Guenée (Noctuidae, Catocalinae) to Striglininae (Thyrididae), as a senior synonym of Ortogramma rufitibia R. Felder &amp;amp; Rogenhofer syn. nov. and Tanyodes ochracea Möschler syn. nov., and from the African to the Neotropical fauna.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other
Palavras-chave: Africa; Neotropical; Noctuidae; Synonymy; Taxonomy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0085-56262011000100025

Ancyrocephalidae (Monogenea) of Lake Tanganyika: I: Four new species of Cichlidogyrus from Ophthalmotilapia ventralis (Teleostei: Cichlidae), the first record of this parasite family in the basin
Provedor de dados: Revista Brasileira de Zoologia
Autores: Vanhove,Maarten P. M.; Volckaert,Filip A. M.; Pariselle,Antoine.
Examination of gill parasites from Ophthalmotilapia ventralis (Boulenger, 1898) in Lake Tanganyika (Africa) revealed the presence of four new species of Monogenea, all members of Cichlidogyrus Paperna, 1960 (Ancyrocephalidae). In view of the systematic importance of haptoral structure, the fish host shows a remarkable diversity of morphological groups. Cichlidogyrus vandekerkhovei sp. nov. and C. makasai sp. nov. are especially characterized by the unusual length of the dorsal transverse bar auricles, while C. sturmbaueri sp. nov. is distinguished by the unique shape of the accessory piece of its male copulatory organ. Importantly, C. centesimus sp. nov. displays a number of features new to the genus, namely a spirally coiled thickening at the end of the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Cichlidogyrus vandekerkhovei sp. nov.; Cichlidogyrus makasai sp. nov.; Cichlidogyrus centesimus sp. nov.; Cichlidogyrus sturmbaueri sp. nov.; Africa.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702011000200016

A pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Upper Cretaceous Lapurr sandstone, West Turkana, Kenya
Provedor de dados: Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
Autores: O'Connor,Patrick M.; Sertich,Joseph J.W.; Manthi,Fredrick K.
An isolated pterosaurian caudal cervical (~ postcervical) vertebra was recovered from the Upper Cretaceous Lapurr sandstone ofWest Turkana, northwestern Kenya. The vertebral centrum is short, wide, and dorsoventrally compressed. Although the specimen is lightly built similar to most pterosaurs, it is here referred to Pterodactyloidea and tentatively to the Azhdarchidae in that it lacks pneumatic features on both the centrum and neural arch. This represents one of the few pterosaurs recovered from the entirety of Afro-Arabia, the first pterosaur recovered from the Cretaceous of East Africa, and, significantly, a specimen that was recovered from fluvial deposits rather than the near-shore marine setting typical of most pterosaur discoveries.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Pterosauria; Pterodactyloidea; Africa; Kenya; Late Cretaceous.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652011000100019

On two pterosaur humeri from the Tendaguru beds (Upper Jurassic, Tanzania)
Provedor de dados: Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
Autores: Costa,Fabiana R.; Kellner,Alexander W.A.
Jurassic African pterosaur remains are exceptionally rare and only known from the Tendaguru deposits, Upper Jurassic, Tanzania. Here we describe two right humeri of Tendaguru pterosaurs from the Humboldt University of Berlin: specimens MB.R. 2828 (cast MN 6661-V) and MB.R. 2833 (cast MN 6666-V). MB.R. 2828 consists of a three-dimensionally preserved proximal portion. The combination of the morphological features of the deltopectoral crest not observed in other pterosaurs suggests that this specimen belongs to a new dsungaripteroid taxon. MB.R. 2833 is nearly complete, and because of a long and round proximally placed deltopectoral crest it could be referred to the Archaeopterodactyloidea. It is the smallest pterosaur from Africa and one of the smallest...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Tendaguru; Tanzania; Africa; Upper Jurassic; Pterosauria.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652009000400017

Low seroprevalence of Zika virus in Cameroonian blood donors
Provedor de dados: Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases
Autores: Gake,Bouba; Vernet,Marie A.; Leparc-Goffart,Isabelle; Drexler,Jan Felix; Gould,Ernest A.; Gallian,Pierre; Lamballerie,Xavier de.
Abstract A Zika virus seroepidemiology study was performed in 1084 blood donors collected from August to October 2015 in six sites of Cameroon representing a large panel of eco-environments. Samples were tested using an anti-NS1 IgG ELISA detection kit and positives were further confirmed by seroneutralization. The observed global seroprevalence was low (around 5%, peaking at 10% and 7.7% in Douala and Bertoua, respectively) with risk factors associated with seropositivity pointing to the existence of a local (peri-)sylvatic cycle of transmission. These results call attention to the potential introduction and subsequent spread in African urban areas of Asian genotype Zika virus currently circulating in the Americas and adapted to transmission by...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other
Palavras-chave: Zika virus; Seroprevalence; Africa.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702017000400481

Hepatitis B virus genotype E detected in Brazil in an African patient who is a frequent traveler
Provedor de dados: Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
Autores: Sitnik,R; Sette Jr,H; Santana,R.A.F; Menezes,L.C; Graça,C.H.N; Dastoli,G.T.F; Silbert,S; Pinho,J.R.R.
Genotype E of hepatitis B virus (HBV) has not been described in Brazil and is found mainly in Africa. Genotype A is the most prevalent in Brazil, and genotypes B, C, D, and F have already been reported. We report here an HBV genotype E-infected patient and some characterization of surface (S) protein, DNA polymerase (P) and precore/core (preC/C) coding regions based on the viral genome. The patient is a 31-year-old black man with chronic hepatitis B who was born and raised in Angola. He has been followed by a hepatologist in São Paulo, Brazil, since November 2003, and he is a frequent traveler to Latin America, Africa, and Europe. In 2003, he was diagnosed with HBV infection and started treatment with lamivudine with the later addition of adefovir...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other
Palavras-chave: Hepatitis B; HBV genotype E; Precore mutation; Brazil; Africa; African traveler.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2007001200013