Consulta: subjectFacets:"Gender"
Registros recuperados: 146
Data/hora: 16/06/2024 06:59:41

La sostenibilidad de los medios de vida de familias productoras de hule: Estudios de caso en el municipio de Huimanguillo, Tabasco.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Aguilar Román, Janeth.
El presente estudio comprendió el análisis de los medios de vida  y estrategias de las familias productoras de hule (Heveacultoras) de las comunidades de Francisco Martínez Gaytán, Laguna del Rosario y Ej. El Guanal, del municipio de Huimanguillo, Tabasco, bajo el enfoque de Medios de Vida Sostenibles (MVS); teniendo como objetivos conocer la vulnerabilidad ecológica, social y económica  de los hogares  e identificar el contexto de vulnerabilidad y  las estrategias de medios  vida implementadas por estas familias. Encontrándose que las familias más vulnerables son aquellas cuya economía depende del trabajo de los jefes de familia como picadores en las plantaciones de hule, tienen menor acceso a los servicios de salud, educación, agua, luz y caminos, con...
Palavras-chave: Activos; Estrategias; Familias; Género; Medios de vida; Vulnerabilidad; Assets; Strategies; Families; Gender; Livelihoods; Vulnerability; Maestría; Producción Agroalimentaria en el Trópico.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/386

Género, etnia y manejo del agua en la Sierra Mazateca.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: García Dávila, Alejandrina.
En comunidades indígenas de México, la organización comunitaria para la recolección y abastecimiento de agua es central para el desarrollo local. Sin embargo, el Estado ha impuesto normas que obstaculizan el funcionamiento de dicha organización. A esta situación se añade la inequidad de género, reflejada en la poca participación de las mujeres. La presente investigación analiza esta situación en dos comunidades oaxaqueñas. Utilizando datos provenientes de observación participante, entrevistas, una encuesta, dos talleres y varios recorridos de campo, se muestra cómo algunas mujeres están cuestionando los discursos que las excluyen de la toma de decisiones y abriendo espacios para sí mismas en la organización comunitaria. _______________ WATER, ETHNICITY AND...
Palavras-chave: Género; Etnia; Agua; Estado; Organización; Desarrollo rural; Maestría; Gender; Ethnicity; Water; State; Organization.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/674

Empoderamiento individual y colectivo de mujeres artesanas en Puebla "SIUAMEJ".
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Figueroa Rodríguez, María del Rosario.
Las mujeres artesanas rurales e indígenas en México enfrentan diversos retos para su participación en organizaciones que les permita mejorar sus condiciones de trabajo, remuneración y calidad de vida,  entre estos retos se encuentran los derivados de condicionantes de género, etnia y generación. En el presente trabajo se indaga sobre los facilitadores y limitantes de mujeres artesanas organizadas y los cambios derivados de su participación.  El objetivo del estudio fue generar conocimientos a partir de procesos organizativos de mujeres artesanas de la Organización Estatal SIUAMEJ, mujeres indígenas y rurales, a nivel local y en su organización estatal en el Estado de Puebla; y, la relación de su participación en el empoderamiento individual y colectivo,...
Palavras-chave: Género; Empoderamiento; Mujeres indígenas y rurales; Participación; Liderazgo; Gender; Empowerment; Indigenous and rural women; Participation; Leadership; Maestría Tecnológica; EDAR; Desarrollo Social.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/353

Gobernanza comunitaria, género y manejo de recursos forestales no maderables (RFNM) en San Miguel Mixtepec : Oaxaca. el caso de poleo (Satureja macrostema).
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Ortega Ortega, Tomás.
Los Recursos Forestales No Maderables (RFNM) contribuyen en el bienestar de las comunidades forestales de México, pero existen pocos trabajos que analicen su dinámica de aprovechamiento y ecología. El presente trabajo se realizó con hombres y mujeres de San Miguel Mixtepec, Oaxaca. El objetivo general de la investigación es identificar, analizar y documentar las estrategias implementadas por la gobernanza comunitaria, para regular el aprovechamiento del poleo (Satureja macrostema) que crece en el complejo montañoso local, el cual tiene diferentes usos entre las comunidades del municipio. La metodología utilizada fue ecológica, cualitativa y cuantitativa con perspectiva de género. Los resultados indican que su aprovechamiento es regulado por acuerdos...
Palavras-chave: Manejo; Conocimiento local; Mercadeo; Género; Management; Local knowledge; Trade; Gender; Desarrollo Rural; Maestría.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/2124

Infancia migrante transfronteriza, trabajo infantil y derechos humanos : zona cafetalera, Soconusco, Chiapas.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Ramírez Ramos, Laura Itzel.
El sistema capitalista ha generado dinámicas de desprotección humana que obligan a grandes conglomerados de personas a buscar estrategias que les aseguren mínimos de subsistencia. Este es el caso de las y los jornaleros migrantes guatemaltecos en la frontera sur de México, para quienes la migración y el trabajo infantil, su estrategia, los expone a contextos de alta vulnerabilidad en donde la violación de sus derechos humanos es recurrente. En este marco contextual el objetivo de la presente investigación es aportar datos cuantitativos y cualitativos que describan las características del trabajo infantil, el derecho a la salud y educación de niños y niñas migrantes guatemaltecos en tres fincas cafetaleras en la zona del Soconusco, Chiapas, espacio...
Palavras-chave: Migración laboral; Trabajo infantil; Género; Derechos humanos; Chiapas; Guatemala; Labor migration; Child labor; Gender; Human rights; Desarrollo Rural; Maestría.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/1878

Transformaciones y continuidades en el manejo del bosque y relaciones de género en Santa Catarina Lachatao, Oaxaca.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Rojas Serrano, Coral.
En este estudio se analiza la forma en que habitantes de Santa Catarina Lachatao, comunidad oaxaqueña gobernada por instituciones indígenas autónomas, conciben, manejan y dan significado al bosque, con el que reproducen un modo de vida agrícola, moldeado por cambios históricos en la economía local, nacional e internacional. Se explica a partir de las teorías de la “acción colectiva” y la “agroecología feminista”, la manera en que la comunidad de estudio se inserta en el sistema económico global, defendiendo una manera propia de manejo forestal, con aspectos positivos y negativos para el desarrollo sustentable. El bosque se concibe como un territorio socialmente construido, valorizado de manera instrumental, social y cultural por la población. Es un espacio...
Palavras-chave: Acción colectiva; Bosque; Género; Gestión comunitaria; Territorio; Community management; Collective action; Forest; Gender; Territory; Estrategias para el Desarrollo Agrícola Regional; EDAR; Doctorado.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/2264

Consecuencias de la contaminación por hidrocarburos del petróleo sobre la salud humana y fertilidad de suelos en Huimanguillo, Tabasco.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Vázquez Luna, Dinora.
En México, el desarrollo basado en la industria petrolera ha afectado los suelos y recursos naturales del sureste del país; sin embargo, no hay estudios que vinculen sus efectos sobre el desarrollo equitativo de los habitantes en zonas contaminadas. Por ello, el objetivo del trabajo fue analizar desde la perspectiva de género, los efectos sociales sobre el desarrollo equitativo de las familias, en cuatro zonas de los ejidos de Humanguillo, Tabasco (Rovirosa, El Paraíso, La Ceiba y Gurría), que se ubican a una distancia de 0.5, 2.5, 7 y 12 kilómetros al sur la petroquímica La Venta. Se realizaron encuestas con enfoque de género y de salud, donde las unidades de análisis fueron las familias. Se realizaron análisis de suelos para determinar los efectos de la...
Palavras-chave: Género; Asma; Contaminación ambiental; Hidrocarburos; Alergias; Gender; Asthma; Environmental pollution; Hydrocarbons; Allergies; Doctorado; Desarrollo Rural.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/422

Diferencias de género en el conocimiento y uso de plantas medicinales en Ahuatla y Xocotla, municipio de Coyomeapan, Puebla.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Vázquez Medina, Belia.
El objetivo de la investigación fue conocer diferencias de género en el uso, manejo y conservación de plantas medicinales en Ahuatla y Xocotla, Municipio de Coyomeapan, Puebla. La metodología propuesta se fundamentó en la observación participante y las entrevistas abiertas, se utilizó una guía de observación que contenía aspectos generales como la situación física, natural y sociocultural de las comunidades. Las entrevistas abiertas versaron principalmente sobre dos aspectos, el primero relacionado con la composición y características de los grupos domésticos, en el segundo se obtuvo información sobre el uso y aprovechamiento de las plantas medicinales. Se encontró que las plantas medicinales siguen siendo de gran importancia para la salud en los grupos...
Palavras-chave: Plantas medicinales; Etnobotánica; Género; Grupos domésticos; Medicinal plants; Ethnobotany; Gender; Household domestic group; Maestría; Estrategias para el Desarrollo Agrícola Regional; EDAR.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/192

Capacidades para el desarrollo rural de grupos de mujeres de cuatro comunidades en la Sierra Nevada de Puebla.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Ramírez Castel, Verónica.
Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo el estudio de los tipos de capacidades de las mujeres rurales participantes en la Asociación para el Desarrollo “Enlace Sierra Nevada, A. C.”, sus efectos en los ámbitos personal, familiar y comunitario y los aspectos que favorecen y limitan este desarrollo de capacidades. El método general de investigación fue el descriptivo explicativo en el que se usaron métodos particulares como las entrevistas a profundidad a las mujeres participantes en los proyectos de producción biointensiva de hortalizas, la producción y aprovechamiento de plantas medicinales y turismo rural; entrevistas a promotoras y directivos de la Asociación; así como también, observación directa. Se concluye que a partir de desarrollar de forma integral...
Palavras-chave: Capacidades; Capacitación; Desarrollo de capacidades; Género; Mujeres rurales; Capacities; Training; Capacity development; Gender; Rural women; Desarrollo Rural; Doctorado.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/2142

Género y agua en la microcuenca La joya, Querétaro, Qro.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Contreras Contreras, Elsa Angélica.
México se caracteriza por ser un sistema marcado por las desigualdades en la disponibilidad, acceso y control del agua, así como por un uso ineficiente de este recurso. El acceso no depende solamente de la abundancia o escasez natural del recurso, sino de otros factores que se relacionan con la forma en que la sociedad está organizada, quiénes toman las decisiones y con base en qué criterios se maneja y se distribuye el recurso. Los objetivos de investigación planteados fueron analizar de qué manera la mala distribución del agua afecta a hombres y mujeres; determinar si el género, la edad y el estrato social de las mujeres influyen en  su uso y manejo e identificar las estrategias que llevan a cabo para el uso y manejo del agua en la microcuenca La Joya,...
Palavras-chave: Microcuenca; Género; Agua; Doméstico; Productivo; Sub-basin; Gender; Water; Household; Productive; Maestría; Desarrollo Rural.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/413

La sostenibilidad de los medios de vida de familias productoras de hule: Estudios de caso en el municipio de Huimanguillo, Tabasco.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Aguilar Román, Janeth.
El presente estudio comprendió el análisis de los medios de vida  y estrategias de las familias productoras de hule (Heveacultoras) de las comunidades de Francisco Martínez Gaytán, Laguna del Rosario y Ej. El Guanal, del municipio de Huimanguillo, Tabasco, bajo el enfoque de Medios de Vida Sostenibles (MVS); teniendo como objetivos conocer la vulnerabilidad ecológica, social y económica  de los hogares  e identificar el contexto de vulnerabilidad y  las estrategias de medios  vida implementadas por estas familias. Encontrándose que las familias más vulnerables son aquellas cuya economía depende del trabajo de los jefes de familia como picadores en las plantaciones de hule, tienen menor acceso a los servicios de salud, educación, agua, luz y caminos, con...
Palavras-chave: Activos; Estrategias; Familias; Género; Medios de vida; Vulnerabilidad; Assets; Strategies; Families; Gender; Livelihoods; Vulnerability; Maestría; Producción Agroalimentaria en el Trópico.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/386

Percepción de los y las docentes sobre violencia de género en la escuela Normal de Texcoco
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Ayala Carrillo, María del Rosario.
La violencia de género se sustenta en las desigualdades de poder, acceso y manejo de los recursos en las relaciones genéricas. Abarca todos los actos mediante los cuales se discrimina, ignora, somete y subordina a las mujeres en las diferentes esferas de vida.  La presente investigación ha tenido como objetivo general “analizar e identificar  las manifestaciones de sexismo y violencia de género producidas y reproducidas a través del currículo patente y oculto en las dinámicas de la educación impartida en la escuela Normal de Texcoco”. Para ello se empleó el modelo ecológico que autores como Bronfenbrenner (1977); Corsi (1997) y Díaz-Aguado (2006) han utilizado para el estudio del desarrollo humano, violencia intrafamiliar y acoso escolar respectivamente y...
Tipo: Tesis
Palavras-chave: Violencia de género; Sexismo; Género; Coeducación; Currículo patente; Currículo oculto; Maestría; Desarrollo rural; Gender Violence; Sexism; Gender; Coeducation; Patent and Hidden Curriculum.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/1453

Diferencias de género en el conocimiento y uso de plantas medicinales en Ahuatla y Xocotla, municipio de Coyomeapan, Puebla.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Vázquez Medina, Belia.
El objetivo de la investigación fue conocer diferencias de género en el uso, manejo y conservación de plantas medicinales en Ahuatla y Xocotla, Municipio de Coyomeapan, Puebla. La metodología propuesta se fundamentó en la observación participante y las entrevistas abiertas, se utilizó una guía de observación que contenía aspectos generales como la situación física, natural y sociocultural de las comunidades. Las entrevistas abiertas versaron principalmente sobre dos aspectos, el primero relacionado con la composición y características de los grupos domésticos, en el segundo se obtuvo información sobre el uso y aprovechamiento de las plantas medicinales. Se encontró que las plantas medicinales siguen siendo de gran importancia para la salud en los grupos...
Palavras-chave: Plantas medicinales; Etnobotánica; Género; Grupos domésticos; Medicinal plants; Ethnobotany; Gender; Household domestic group; Maestría; Estrategias para el Desarrollo Agrícola Regional; EDAR.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/192

Migración, remesas e indicadores de bienestar en grupos domésticos de Tenampulco, Puebla
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Barrios Escobedo, Hilda Jenny.
El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer y comparar desde la perspectiva de género el nivel de satisfacción de las necesidades de subsistencia, protección, afecto, entendimiento, participación, ocio, creación,  identidad y libertad, entre grupos domésticos de Tenampulco, Puebla. El análisis se realiza con el apoyo de la matriz de Max Neef que permite evaluar los satisfactores para las necesidades humanas propuestas. Se consideraron diez  grupos domésticos que reciben remesas y la misma cantidad de los que no cuentan con este recurso, para identificar el impacto diferenciado de las remesas en la satisfacción de sus necesidades. Además se realizó una encuesta a integrantes de 37 grupos domésticos para caracterizar la migración en la comunidad...
Tipo: Tesis
Palavras-chave: Necesidades; Remesas; Género; Indicadores de bienestar; Grupos domésticos; Maestría; Desarrollo Rural; Necessities; Remittances; Gender; Well being’s indicators; Domestic groups.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/1639

Desarrollo de capacidades femeninas, el caso de las mujeres integrantes de la sociedad de productores indígenas ecológicos Sierra Negra S. C.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Muñoz Rodríguez, Carolina.
El proceso de desarrollo debe ser visto como la expansión de las libertades fundamentales. Dentro de las libertades fundamentales se encuentra el desarrollo de capacidades de las personas. El presente trabajo se realizó con mujeres integrantes de la SPIESN S. C. Eloxochitlan, San Sebastián Tlacotepec, Coyomeapan y Zoquitlan municipios ubicados en la región Sierra Negra del Estado de Puebla. El objetivo general de la investigación es describir, identificar y conocer cuáles han sido los beneficios alcanzados a partir de la intervención institucional y las limitaciones que han enfrentado las mujeres para que se dé el desarrollo de capacidades. La metodología utilizada fue cuanti-cualitativa con perspectiva de género. Los resultados indican que las mujeres...
Palavras-chave: Libertad; Capacidades; Pobreza; Género; Etnia; Freedom; Capacities; Poverty; Gender; Ethnicity; Maestría; Desarrollo Rural; CEDERU.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/69

Valor del trabajo doméstico no remunerado en zona rural de Jilotepec, Estado de México : análisis de género.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Zavala Hernández, Mirna Francisca.
El trabajo doméstico en el sector rural  atiende las necesidades básicas de las familias, así mismo contribuye a la económica familiar, generando ahorro en las mismas. También colabora con la producción del campo, el cuidado y crianza de animales. Las mujeres que realizan dicho trabajo no son reconocidas ni valoradas por los integrantes de las familias, ni por la sociedad en general. Por eso resulta necesaria la visibilización del trabajo doméstico así como la remuneración del mismo para que las mujeres accedan derechos laborales como  cualquier persona que trabaja. De esta manera no solo recibirán un reconocimiento económico sino social. Por consiguiente ellas mismas valoraran el trabajo que realizan a diario en pro de sus familias. _______________...
Palavras-chave: Trabajo doméstico; Género; Mujer rural; Economía; Domestic work; Gender; Rural women; Economy; Desarrollo Rural; Maestría.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/1866

Y ellas trabajando a golpe de sol... y con el metate también : relaciones de poder e independencia económica de las mujeres a partir de las microfinanzas rurales.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: García Horta, José Luis.
El objetivo de la investigación es analizar la efectividad del microcrédito como instrumento para atenuar la situación de pobreza que viven las personas que lo utilizan. La unidad de análisis la constituyeron las beneficiarias que ProMujer atendió en su Centro Focal ubicado en Ixmiquilpan, Estado de Hidalgo. El método y la metodología de la investigación se fundamentaron en la perspectiva de género como categoría útil para analizar las desigualdades entre hombres y mujeres. En el análisis se contempló el trabajo de diversos autores y autoras que se han especializado en el tema del microcrédito. Se indica que cuando a las mujeres se les facilita el acceso a los recursos financieros, en el grupo doméstico se mejora la situación de pobreza y las mujeres...
Palavras-chave: Género; Pobreza; Microfinanzas; Empoderamiento; Gender; Poverty; Microfinance; Empowerment; Desarrollo Rural; Doctorado.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/2196

Participación de mujeres en proyectos productivos y cambios en las relaciones de género y las identidades masculinas y femeninas, en Tetela de Ocampo, Puebla
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Arellano Abasolo, Antonio.
En México recientemente, se han impulsado programas de desarrollo, dirigidos al medio rural, debido a que es ahí donde se encuentran más acentuados los problemas de pobreza y marginación. En algunos de éstos  programas se dirigen apoyos a grupos de mujeres organizados. El objetivo de la  investigación fue conocer y analizar los cambios percibidos en las relaciones de  género e identidades  de hombres y mujeres asociados a la participación de éstas en tres proyectos productivos. Los cuales se ubican en las comunidades de Tetela y San Nicolás, en el municipio de Tetela de Ocampo y, en el  municipio de Cuautempan, en la Sierra Norte de Puebla. La población participante en el estudio es mestiza y del grupo étnico náhuatl. En la metodología empleada se incluyen...
Tipo: Tesis
Palavras-chave: Género; Identidad; Etnia; Masculinidad; Desarrollo rural; Maestría; EDAR; Estrategias para el Desarrollo Agrícola Regional; Gender; Identity; Masculinity; Development; Rural; Indigenous.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/1223

Consecuencias de la contaminación por hidrocarburos del petróleo sobre la salud humana y fertilidad de suelos en Huimanguillo, Tabasco.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Vázquez Luna, Dinora.
En México, el desarrollo basado en la industria petrolera ha afectado los suelos y recursos naturales del sureste del país; sin embargo, no hay estudios que vinculen sus efectos sobre el desarrollo equitativo de los habitantes en zonas contaminadas. Por ello, el objetivo del trabajo fue analizar desde la perspectiva de género, los efectos sociales sobre el desarrollo equitativo de las familias, en cuatro zonas de los ejidos de Humanguillo, Tabasco (Rovirosa, El Paraíso, La Ceiba y Gurría), que se ubican a una distancia de 0.5, 2.5, 7 y 12 kilómetros al sur la petroquímica La Venta. Se realizaron encuestas con enfoque de género y de salud, donde las unidades de análisis fueron las familias. Se realizaron análisis de suelos para determinar los efectos de la...
Palavras-chave: Género; Asma; Contaminación ambiental; Hidrocarburos; Alergias; Gender; Asthma; Environmental pollution; Hydrocarbons; Allergies; Doctorado; Desarrollo Rural.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/422

Violencia invisible de género en familias rurales de San Cristóbal Zacacalco, Tlaxcala.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: González Molotla, Ruth Verónica.
El desarrollo con rostro humano, contempla las necesidades de las personas, no solo al beneficiarse sino participando del mismo. Las mujeres tienen una posición en desventaja al carecer de igualdad y equidad ante los hombres que limita e invisibiliza su participación. Esta posición es parte de la violencia de género que desafortunadamente se presenta desde su infancia, no siempre por medio de fuerza física; existe un conjunto de comportamientos sutiles y enmascarados que logran controlar y someter  a las mujeres que por no percibirse como violencia se generan, toleran y ejercen en las familias perpetuando la problemática. El presente trabajo describe la violencia invisible de género en el proceso de socialización de familias rurales. El estudio emplea...
Palavras-chave: Desarrollo con rostro humano; Género; Violencia de género; Violencia invisible; Proceso de socialización; Development with a human face; Gender; Gender violence; Violence invisible; The socialization process; Desarrollo Rural; Maestría.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/560

Desarrollo de capacidades femeninas, el caso de las mujeres integrantes de la sociedad de productores indígenas ecológicos Sierra Negra S. C.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Muñoz Rodríguez, Carolina.
El proceso de desarrollo debe ser visto como la expansión de las libertades fundamentales. Dentro de las libertades fundamentales se encuentra el desarrollo de capacidades de las personas. El presente trabajo se realizó con mujeres integrantes de la SPIESN S. C. Eloxochitlan, San Sebastián Tlacotepec, Coyomeapan y Zoquitlan municipios ubicados en la región Sierra Negra del Estado de Puebla. El objetivo general de la investigación es describir, identificar y conocer cuáles han sido los beneficios alcanzados a partir de la intervención institucional y las limitaciones que han enfrentado las mujeres para que se dé el desarrollo de capacidades. La metodología utilizada fue cuanti-cualitativa con perspectiva de género. Los resultados indican que las mujeres...
Palavras-chave: Libertad; Capacidades; Pobreza; Género; Etnia; Freedom; Capacities; Poverty; Gender; Ethnicity; Maestría; Desarrollo Rural; CEDERU.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/69

Local Perceptions of Climate Variability and Change in Tropical Forests of Papua,  Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sheil, Douglas; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR);Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation (ITFC);School of Environmental Science and Management Southern Cross University ; douglassheil@itfc.org; Padmanaba, Michael; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); M.Padmanaba@cgiar.org; Sadjudin, Ermayanti; Conservation International; ermayanti@conservation.org.
People everywhere experience changes and events that impact their lives.  Knowing how they perceive, react, and adapt to climatic changes and events is helpful in developing strategies to support adaptation to climate change. Mamberamo in Papua, Indonesia, is a sparsely populated watershed of 7.8 million hectares possessing rich tropical forests. Our study compares scientific and traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) on climate, and analyzes how local people in Mamberamo perceive and react to climatic variations. We compared meteorological data for the region with local views gathered through focus group discussions and interviews in six villages. We explored the local significance of seasonality, climate variability, and climate change. Mamberamo is...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive strategy; Coping mechanism; Deforestation; Ecosystem services; Gender; Seasonality; Traditional ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2013

Good year, bad year: changing strategies, changing networks? A two-year study on seed acquisition in northern Cameroon
Provedor de dados: 7
Analysis of seed exchange networks at a single point in time may reify sporadic relations into apparently fixed and long-lasting ones. In northern Cameroon, where environment is not only strongly seasonal but also shows unpredictable interannual variation, farmers&amp;#8217; social networks are flexible from year to year. When adjusting their strategies, Tupuri farmers do not systematically solicit the same partners to acquire the desired propagules. Seed acquisitions documented during a single cropping season may thus not accurately reflect the underlying larger social network that can be mobilized at the local level. To test this hypothesis, we documented, at the outset of two cropping seasons (2010 and 2011), the relationships through which seeds were...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agrobiodiversity; Climate variability; Gender; Kinship relationships; Longitudinal network analysis; Seed exchange networks.
Ano: 2016

Gender and Sustainable Forest Management in East Africa and Latin America
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Mwangi, Esther; Center for International Forestry Research; e.mwangi@cgiar.org; Meinzen-Dick, Ruth; International Food Policy Research Institute; r.meinzen-dick@cgiar.org; Sun, Yan; International Food Policy Research Institute; y.sun@cgiar.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Forest management; Gender; Sustainability; User groups.
Ano: 2011

Social organization influences the exchange and species richness of medicinal plants in Amazonian homegardens
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Howard, Patricia L.; Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University; Centre for Biocultural Diversity Studies, University of Kent; Patricia.Howard@wur.nl.
Medicinal plants provide indigenous and peasant communities worldwide with means to meet their healthcare needs. Homegardens often act as medicine cabinets, providing easily accessible medicinal plants for household needs. Social structure and social exchanges have been proposed as factors influencing the species diversity that people maintain in their homegardens. Here, we assess the association between the exchange of medicinal knowledge and plant material and medicinal plant richness in homegardens. Using Tsimane&amp;#8217; Amazonian homegardens as a case study, we explore whether social organization shapes exchanges of medicinal plant knowledge and medicinal plant material. We also use network centrality measures to evaluate people&amp;#8217;s location...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Exchange networks; Gender; Plant diversity; Social networks analysis; Tropical homegardens; Tsimane&amp;#8217.
Ano: 2016

The Dynamics of Social Capital and Conflict Management in Multiple Resource Regimes:  A Case of the Southwestern Highlands of Uganda
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sanginga, Pascal C; International Centre for Tropical Agriculture -CIAT; p.sanginga@cgiar.org; Kamugisha, Rick N; Africa Highlands Initiative; rnkamugisha@yahoo.com; Martin, Andrienne M; Natural Resources Institute; A.M.Martin@greenwich.ac.uk.
Increasingly, social capital, defined as shared norms, trust, and the horizontal and vertical social networks that facilitate coordination and cooperation for mutually beneficial collective action, is seen as an important asset upon which people rely to manage natural resources and resolve conflicts. This paper uses empirical data from households and community surveys and case studies, to examine the role, strengths, and limits of social capital in managing conflicts over the use and management of natural resources. We inventoried over 700 cases ranging from conflicts between multiple resource users to supra-community conflicts between local communities concerns for better livelihoods and national/international concerns for environment conservation....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bylaws; Conflicts; Gender; Highlands; Natural resources management; Social capital; Synergy; Uganda.
Ano: 2007

Women and Children First:  the Gendered and Generational Social-ecology of Smaller-scale Fisheries in Newfoundland and Labrador and Northern Norway
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Neis, Barbara; Memorial University of Newfoundland; bneis@mun.ca; Power, Nicole G.; Memorial University of Newfoundland; npower@mun.ca.
The resilience of small-scale fisheries in developed and developing countries has been used to provide lessons to conventional managers regarding ways to transition toward a social-ecological approach to understanding and managing fisheries. We contribute to the understanding of the relationship between management and the resilience of small-scale fisheries in developed countries by looking at these dynamics in the wake of the shock of stock collapse and fisheries closures in two contexts: Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, and northern Norway. We revisit and update previous research on the gendered effects of the collapse and closure of the Newfoundland and Labrador northern cod fishery and the closure of the Norwegian cod fishery in the early 1990s and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Gender; Resilience; Small-scale fisheries; Social-ecological approach; Youth.
Ano: 2013

The Dynamics of Social Capital in Influencing Use of Soil Management Options in the Chinyanja Triangle of Southern Africa
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Njuki, Jemimah M; International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); J.Njuki@cgiar.org; Mapila, Mariam T; Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Pretoria; maleytata@yahoo.com; Zingore, Shamie; Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of CIAT; S.Zingore@cgiar.org; Delve, Robert; Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of CIAT; R.Delve@cgiar.org.
Social capital has become a critical issue in agricultural development as it plays an important role in collective action, such as, management of common resources and collective marketing. Whilst literature exists on the role of social capital in the use and adoption of improved agricultural technology, such literature is fraught with issues of the measurement of social capital beyond membership of farmers in groups. We hypothesized that different types of social capital influence the adoption of soil management options differently. This study looked at the measurement of social capital, differentiating between the main types of social capital and employed factor analysis to aggregate indicators of social capital into bonding, bridging, and linking social...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Gender; Smallholder farmers; Social capital; Soil management.
Ano: 2008

Social learning by whom? Assessing gendered opportunities for participation and social learning in collaborative forest governance
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Egunyu, Felicitas; University of Saskatchewan; felicitas.egunyu@usask.ca; Reed, Maureen G; University of Saskatchewan; maureen.reed@usask.ca.
Collaborative forest governance enables forest-based communities access to and management responsibilities for forestry resources. Researchers argue that processes that enable social learning have the potential to contribute to the sustainable management of forests by engaging local people, helping them identify their collective needs and gain access to resource entitlements, and encouraging them to learn about and implement different management options. Although there is considerable attention to gender in the literature on collaborative forestry, particularly in developing countries, there is relatively little attention to gender in the social learning literature. Furthermore, there is almost no attention to these issues in postindustrial countries. Our...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collaborative forest management agreement; Community forest; Forest-based communities; Gender; Participation; Social learning.
Ano: 2015

Cocreation, validation and feedback: innovation in the e-book Women in coffee in Brazil.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: MELLO, A. A. C. de; ARZABE, C.; VIDAL, W. C. L.; FRANCO, P. C. R.; HAMMES, V. S.; ALVES, H. M. R.
This chapter presents actions of Embrapa that contribute especially to two targets: "5.1 End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere [...] 5.B) Enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications technology, to promote the empowerment of women" (United Nations, 2020).
Tipo: Capítulo em livro técnico (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Mulher; Igualdade de Genero; Mulher Rural; Rural women; Women in agriculture; Gender.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1122158

Challenges and perspectives.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: ARZABE, C.; COSTA, V. C.; ALVES, H. M. R.; MARTINS, A. L. da S.; BUENO, Y. M.
Women have a fundamental role in maintaining life and productive activities that promote social equality, environmental justice and sustainable development. Among the challenges faced by them are the invisibility of their work, violence and discrimination in the countryside and institutions, the restriction of access to land and credit, and the difficulty of accessing public policies. There are numerous initiatives of the Brazilian government to promote gender equality and women's autonomy, culminating in various public policies. However, the cultural and paradigm shift needed to value, recognize and empower women in the countryside, in forests and in cities, requires that these policies be transformed into state policies, so that they continue regardless...
Tipo: Capítulo em livro técnico (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Igualdade de Genero; Mulher; Mulher Rural; Gender; Women in agriculture.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1122159

Situação da mulher no Brasil, assimetrias e esforços na Embrapa e na agricultura.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: ARZABE, C.; MARTINS, A. L. da S.
Reduzir as diferenças de gênero no mercado de trabalho permitiria que 204 milhões de pessoas a mais entrassem na força de trabalho global até 2025. Esse incremento poderia gerar um aumento de 3,9% no produto interno bruto (PIB) mundial. Uma grande parte dos empregos (162,4 milhões ou 62%) seria gerada em países emergentes, em virtude do seu tamanho relativo e do fato de que possuem as maiores disparidades de gênero (Mujeres..., 2017). Entre outros fatores, a ampliação da presença das mulheres em postos de direção, espaços de poder e de decisão dos governos, nos espaços de controle social das políticas públicas, no parlamento, nos partidos políticos, nos movimentos sociais, nos sindicatos, nas cooperativas, no meio acadêmico e no acesso às profissões tidas...
Tipo: Capítulo em livro técnico (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Mulher; Igualdade de Genero; Agricultura; Women in agriculture; Gender.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1100786

Status of women in Brazil, disparities and efforts at Embrapa and in agriculture.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: ARZABE, C.; MARTINS, A. L. da S.
Reducing gender gaps in the labor market would allow an additional 204 million people to enter the global workforce by 2025. This increase could lead to a 3.9% increase in world gross domestic product (GDP). A large part of the jobs (162.4 million or 62%) would be generated in emerging countries, due to their relative size and the fact that they have the greatest gender disparities (Mujeres, 2017). Among other factors, the expansion of the presence of women in positions of management, spaces of power and decision of the governments, in the spaces of social control of the public policies, in the parliament, in the political parties, in the social movements, in the unions, in the cooperatives, in the academic world and in access to professions considered to...
Tipo: Capítulo em livro técnico (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Papel da mulher; Mulher Rural; Igualdade de Genero; Rural women; Gender; Women in agriculture.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1122157

Tongue Rolling and Tongue Folding Traits in an African Population
Provedor de dados: 77
Autores: Odokuma,Emmanuel Igho; Eghworo,Ovocity; Avwioro,Godwin; Agbedia,Ufuoma.
Genetic variations that occur in humans are usually as a result of a plethora of factors which are of enormous valué from physical anthropological window especially in studying population variation and human diversity. This study was conducted amongst unrelated volunteer students of Delta State University, Nigeria who were all of Urhobo tribe (71 males) and (72) females aged between 18 years and over to determine their ability to roll or fold the tongues. The frequency of folders (120) and rollers (87) were more common than non-folders (23) and non-rollers (56).The incidence of tongue rolling was higher in females than in their male counterparts. These differences did not however show any statistical significance, p &gt; 0.01. The frequency of R-F was...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Traits; Nigerian; Tongue roller; Tongue folder; Gender.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022008000300004

Experimental Tityus serrulatus scorpion envenomation: age- and sex-related differences in symptoms and mortality in mice
Provedor de dados: 80
Autores: MB,Pucca; EC,Roncolato; LB,Campos; FS,Fernandes; GR,Mendes; TB,Bertolini; FA,Cerni; JE,Barbosa.
Among the various methods for evaluating animal venom toxicity, the calculation of the median lethal dose (LD50) is the most widely used. Although different protocols can be used to calculate the LD50, the source of the venom and the method of extraction, as well as the strain, age, and sex of the animal model employed, should be taken into consideration. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of sex and age on the toxicity of Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom in Swiss mice. Although the symptoms of envenomation were similar in male and female animals, female mice proved to be more resistant to the venom. In females, age had no impact on the susceptibility to scorpion envenomation. Male mice were more sensitive to T. serrulatus...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Scorpions; LD50; Stings; Age factors; Gender.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992011000300013

Gender, Space and Place: The Experience of Servants in Rural Households 1550-1750
Provedor de dados: 125
Autores: Flather,Amanda.
This article examines the organisation and use of domestic space by servants for eating and sleeping, looking particularly at the seventeenth century and at middling sort households, broadly defined. It relates models of architectural and social change to the ways that individuals described their experience and use of domestic space in court records. It concludes that while there was a trend to separate the work and living spaces of servants from the rest of the family, an early modern house was not one where rigid and static social patterns were mapped upon its spaces. A number of social factors struggled to define the social character of a space, a struggle which largely pivoted around the concepts of control and use rather than separation or segregation...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: House; Space; Servants; Gender.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1515-59942017000300004

Livelihoods and gender roles in drip-irrigation technology: A case of Nepal.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Upadhyay,   Bhawana; Samad,   Madar; Giordano,   Mark.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Gender; Drip irrigation; Technology; Rural women; Empowerment; Vegetables; Family income; Households; Villages; Farmers; Economic aspects; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92368

Factors Influencing Job Choice among Agricultural Economics Professionals
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McGraw,   Katherine; Popp,   Jennie S. Hughes; Dixon,   Bruce L.; Newton,   Doris J.
This article identifies factors that influence agricultural economics professionals’ job choice between academic and government employment. Respondents agreed that job responsibilities were the most important factor in choosing their current position. They also agreed that having a positive work environment, good salary, family time, adequate resources, and professional and social interaction were important job attributes. Proportionally more women than men regarded partner opportunities, nondiscrimination, time for child care, and supportive colleagues as very important attributes influencing their decisions. A binomial probit of respondents’ current job sector indicates significant job choice determinants include sector preference (academic or...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Academic and government agricultural economics professionals; Binomial probit; Job choice; Job preferences; Gender; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; C25; J24; J43; J45.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123779

The Extended Family and Intrahousehold Allocation: Inheritance and Investments in Children in the Rural Philippines
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quisumbing,   Agnes R.
This paper examines the role of the extended family on investments in children, using data from a retrospective survey of three generations in the rural Philippines. Econometric results show that interactions between grandparent characteristics and child gender significantly affect the distribution of proposed land bequests between sons and daughters. However, grandparents significantly affect gender-specific investments in children's education only in resource-constrained families. Family-specific effects are more important in determining the pattern of investment in children within the nuclear family, while individual heterogeneity rather than family-specific unobservables dominates the extended family results. Interactions between parent characteristics...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Family; Economic Aspects; Philippines; Social Conditions; Gender issues; Land tenure; Gender; Property rights; Education; Consumer/Household Economics; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97311

Effective gender mainstreaming in water management for sustainable livelihoods: From guidelines to practice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zwarteveen,   Margreet Z.; Valee,   Domitille; Molden,   David J.; Muylwijk,   Joke; Bilgi,   Meena; Udas,   Pranita; Douma,   Annelieke; Hirsch,  Danielle.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Water resource management; Gender; Equity; Policy; Labor and Human Capital; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91945

The Many Meanings of Collective Action: Lessons on Enhancing Gender Inclusion and Equity in Watershed Management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: German,   Laura; Taye,   Hailemichael; Charamila,   Sarah; Tolera,   Tesema; Tanui,   Joseph.
Collective action in agriculture and natural resource management is all too often perceived of in terms of the mere number of participants, with little consideration given to who participates, why, and the outcomes of inequitable participation. The literature is replete with cases of how uncritical approaches to participation structure positions of privilege vis-a-vis project benefits and the natural resource base. Yet lessons on how to engage with local communities in ways that promote equitable participation of women, the poor and other stakeholders are only now coming to light. This paper focuses on approaches under development under the rubric of the African Highlands Initiative to bring collective action principles to bear on gender-equitable change...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Watershed management; Gender; Collective action; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42495

Gender in lift irrigation schemes in East Gujarat, India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saini,   Harmeet; van Koppen,   Barbara.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Participatory management; Women in development; Woman's status; Gender; Irrigated farming; Irrigation programs; Water lifting; Communal irrigation systems; Cooperatives; Legal aspects; Decision making; Villages; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92767

Integrated management of water, forest and land resources in Nepal: Opportunities for improved livelihood
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pant,   Dhruba; Thapa,   Sabita; Singh,   Ashok; Bhattarai,   Madhusudan; Molden,   David J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Forest management; Public policy; Land use; Land tenure; Farm size; Environmental effects; Gender; Women; Equity; Institutions; Conflict; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Public Economics.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92405

Strategic Analyses of the National River Linking Project (NRLP) of India, Series 2; Proceedings of the Workshop on Analyses of Hydrological, Social and Ecological Issues of the NRLP
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: River basin development; Development projects; Irrigation programs; Hydrology; Erosion; Water transfer; Cost benefit analysis; Groundwater irrigation; Dams; Environmental effects; Water storage; Crop management; Livestock; Gender; Rainfed farming; Supplemental irrigation; Water harvesting; Artificial recharge; Water market; Simulation models; Water allocation; Case studies; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118387

DESENVOLVIMENTO RURAL, MULHERES E TERRA - UM OLHAR SOBRE TIMOR-LESTE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Narciso,   Vanda Margarida De Jesus Dos Santos; Henriques,   Pedro Damiao de Sousa.
O caminho percorrido para que as questões do género e do desenvolvimento e em especial a sua interligação sejam assuntos importantes e alvo de atenção tanto académica como política, foi longo. Várias áreas do conhecimento, como a sociologia, a antropologia e a economia, contribuem para a construção do conhecimento neste domínio, a par de outras mais recentes como os estudos feministas e os estudos pós-coloniais. Como resultado, as teorias e os conceitos sobre a relação das mulheres com o desenvolvimento e os efeitos deste sobre as mulheres têm sido vários.  O objectivo deste trabalho foi em primeiro lugar caracterizar o papel da mulher no desenvolvimento rural, identificando as suas funções, as principais abordagens utilizadas e a sua situação perante o...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Género; Direitos à terra; Desenvolvimento rural; Timor-Leste; Gender; Land rights; Rural development; East Timor; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108612

Gender Impacts of U.S. Immigration Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richter,   Susan M.; Taylor,   J. Edward; Yunez-Naude,   Antonio.
Using Mexican survey data, a dynamic econometric model is estimated to test the effect of IRCA, NAFTA and border control expenditures on the flow of female and male migrant farm and non-farm labor from rural Mexico to the United States.  We test for differential effects on male and female migration.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: NAFTA; IRCA; Migration Networks; Gender; Immigration Policies; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19403

LABOR MARKET LIBERALIZATION, EMPLOYMENT AND GENDER IN RURAL CHINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Linxiu; de Brauw,   Alan; Rozelle,   Scott.
The major objective of this paper is to discuss the development of rural labor markets in China during the past two decades and understand how it has affected women.  Using household survey data that we collected in 2001, we examine the role of women in labor markets by examining employment and migration trends and changes in wages.  According to the data of our nearly national representative sample, we find that there has been a sharp overall increase in off-farm participation, most of the increase has been driven by young migrants, and women, especially those in the youngest cohorts, have participated at rates equaling or surpassing those of their male counterparts.  We also find that the wages of women have not been adversely affected by the emergence...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: China; Labor market liberalization; Employment; Wages; Gender; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25932

Treadle pump irrigation and poverty in Ghana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adeoti,   Adetola I.; Barry,   Boubacar; Namara,   Regassa E.; Kamara,   Abdul B.; Titiati,   Atsu.
Treadle pump (TP) technology has been promoted by Enterprise Works Worldwide (EWW) as an alternative to the traditional rope and bucket irrigation that is necessary to overcome the challenge of uncertain and inadequate rainfall for agricultural production. The aim is to improve output, increase incomes and reduce poverty among farm households. This study examines the strategies used for dissemination of the TP and the dynamics of its adoption and impacts, with a special focus on poverty reduction. The results of the study reveal that time and labor savings for irrigation, increased size of irrigated areas and lack of fuel requirements are the attractive features of the TP for those who adopt it. Adoption of TP increases land and labor productivities; and...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Manual pumps; Irrigation systems; Water lifting; Poverty; Farm income; Gender; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44520

Assessing the outcomes of IWMI’s research and interventions on irrigation management transfer
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giordano,   Meredith A.; Samad,   Madar; Namara,   Regassa E.
The purpose of this paper is to summarize IIMI/IWMI's past research and interventions related to irrigation management transfer and to document, to the extent possible, the academic, policy, and technical outcomes of these efforts. The application of a range of direct and indirect measurement techniques suggests an overall positive contribution from IWMI to IMT theory and application.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Participatory management; Privatization; Water users associations; Farmers associations; Gender; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Financial Economics.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44524

Empowerment through technology: Gender dimensions of social capital build-up in Maharashtra, India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Padmaja,   Ravula; Bantilan,   Ma Cynthia S.
This paper explores how and to what extent women and men have benefited from the build-up of social capital in technology uptake, and the role of women in this process. Using a case study on Groundnut Production Technology (GPT) in Maharashtra, India, a systematic documentation of the process by which farmers – both men and women - as well as the whole community became empowered through the build-up of social capital is presented. The focus of the paper is on collective action as a mechanism to stimulate gender-equitable change processes. Our evidence suggests that the technology uptake process was enhanced with the build up of social capital, whereby men and women from all class and caste groups came together for improving their livelihoods. Collective...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Social capital build-up; Gender; Impact; Social networks; Empowerment.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47666

Differences in Preferences Towards the Environment: The Impact of a Gender, Age and Parental Effect
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Torgler,   Benno; Valinas,   Maria A. Garcia; Macintyre,   Alison.
The paper investigates empirically the differences in preferences towards protection of the environment. Using seven different dependent variables to focus on the impact of age, gender and children we use a large micro data set covering data from 33 Western and Eastern European countries. The results indicate that women have both a stronger preference towards the environment and a stronger willingness to contribute. Moreover, we observe the tendency of a negative correlation between age and environmental preferences. However, a positive effect is visible once we focus on the impact of age on social norms (environmental morale). Finally, we were not able to observe that having children is positively correlated with a stronger preference towards the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Preferences; Environmental Morale; Gender; Age; Children; H260; H730; D640.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6371

Gender and irrigation in India: the Women's Irrigation Group of Jambar, South Gujarat
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Koppen,   Barbara; Nagar,   Rashmi K.; Vasavada,   Shilpa.
Documents a "best practice" - a successful gender-balanced irrigation intervention in which women were given control over an irrigation technology. The study evaluates the approach taken by the implementing NGO, the Aga Khan Rural Support Programme, in terms of its replicability in other areas where women share in farm activities and decision making.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Women in development; Gender; Female labor; Agricultural credit; Decision making; Irrigation programs; Rain-fed farming; Institution building; Pumping; India; South Gujarat; Bharuck; Jambar; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53073

Initiatives For Rural Development Through Collective Action : The Case of Household Participation in Group Activities in the Highlands of Central Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kariuki,   Gatarwa; Place,   Frank.
Dimensions of the nature, scope, and complexity of collective action in Kenya have evolved over many years. In studying collective action, the aim is to understand why and how people participate in networks of trust. The purpose of this study was to investigate the different objectives that farmers pursue through collective action with the aim of understanding the patterns of people’s participation in collective action, identify factors that influence people to join groups, and identify the costs and benefits of participating in activities of groups. The study was carried out in four sites spread across the highlands of central Kenya. Data was collected from a total of 442 households, focusing on whether members of those households belonged to groups and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Kenya; Groups; Gender; Assets; Institutions; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42487

Gender Issue and Water Management in the Mediterranean Basin, Middle East and North Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Minoia,   Giulia.
This article aims to investigate some aspects of the social process related to water resources management and gender relations. Given that gender and water management are interrelated issues exposed to a growing attention at the international level, it is therefore necessary to identify relations between the academic literature, the institutional framework and the field-based research. This document has been inspired by the Nostrum DSS project (Network on Governance, Science and Technology for Sustainable Water Resources Management in the Mediterranean), a Co-ordination Action funded by the European Commission, which involves eighteen partners from the North and South shores of the basin. As the scope of the project is to disseminate Best Practice...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Irrigation; Gender; Regional Development Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; J16; Z13.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9556

Scaling up Kudumbashree--collective action for poverty alleviation and women's empowerment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kadiyala,   Suneetha.
This paper discusses the factors that enabled and constrained the scaling up of a multisectoral poverty alleviation program called Kudumbashree, initiated by the government of Kerala (GOK), India, in 1998 to eradicate poverty by 2008. It also discusses some potential threats to and trade-offs of scaling up Kudumbashree. This report draws primarily upon the available literature and qualitative data collected during a five-day visit to Kudumbashree in March 2003. In 1991, the GOK, along with UNICEF, initiated the Community-Based Nutrition Program (CBNP) in Alleppey town to improve the health and nutritional status of children and women. CBNP facilitated collective action by forming and developing the capacity of three-tiered community development societies...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Scaling up; Collective action; Poverty alleviation; Women; Empowerment; Community-driven development (CDD); Government policy; Gender; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60400

Gender analysis and reform of irrigation management: concepts, cases, and gaps in knowledge; Proceedings of the Workshop of Gender and Water, 15-19 September 1997, Habarana, Sri Lanka
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Gender; Privatization; Irrigation management; Women in development; Property rights; Water scarcity; Developing countries; Agricultural production; Water resources; Water rights; Poverty; Policy; Economic aspects; Land tenure; Legislation; Rice; Water users' associations; Irrigated farming; Planning; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118416

Unpacking the Links Between Women's Empowerment and Child Nutrition Evidence Using Nationally Representative Data From Bangladesh
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bhagowalia,   Priya; Menon,   Purnima; Quisumbing,   Agnes R.; Soundararajan,   Vidhya.
This paper examines the relationship between gender inequality and nutrition using direct indicators of empowerment such as mobility, decision-making power, and attitudes towards verbal and physical abuse. Our approach draws on the theory of the household as a utility maximizing unit that uses women’s status and characteristics as inputs to produce a final good, child health. Indices that capture distinct dimensions of women’s empowerment are used as explanatory variables along with controls for age and sex of the child, maternal height and education. Results from Logit models indicate that a greater degree of women’s empowerment is associated with better long term nutritional status of children. Attitudes towards domestic violence have a significant...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Malnutrition; Gender; Domestic violence; Empowerment; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Development.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61273

Free-riders or victims:  Women's nonparticipation in irrigation management in Nepal's Chhattis Mauja Irrigation Scheme.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zwarteveen,   Margreet Z.; Neupane,   Nita.
Examines multiple factors in women's involvement/non-involvement in irrigation in the Chhattis Mauja irrigation scheme in Nepal. Includes an empirical analysis of the livelihood strategies of farm households, documentation of the level and nature of participation of women and men in the water users' organizations, analysis of women's access to irrigation services, and an examination of the need and desirability of increasing the participation of woman in the scheme organization.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Farmer-managed irrigation systems; Irrigation programs; Privatization; Water users' associations; Irrigated farming; Irrigation canals; Water delivery; Water allocation; Water distribution; Maintenance; Gender; Women in development; Farmers; Female labor; Agricultural manpower; Households; Family labor; Living standards; Social aspects; Agricultural production; Villages; Social organization; Performance evaluation; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52731

Reducing Poverty through Investments in Agricultural Water Management: Poverty and Gender Issues and Synthesis of Sub-Saharan Africa Case Study Reports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Koppen,   Barbara; Namara,   Regassa E.; Safilios-Rothschild,   Constantina.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Irrigated farming; Investment; Poverty; Gender; Cropping systems; Labor; Manual pumps; Case studies; Crop Production/Industries; Labor and Human Capital; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92404

Are there customary rights to plants? An inquiry among the Baganda (Uganda), with special attention to gender
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Howard,   Patricia L.; Nabanoga,   Gorettie.
Debates around Common Property Resources and Intellectual Property Rights fail to consider traditional and indigenous rights regimes that regulate plant resource exploitation, establish bundles of powers and obligations for heterogeneous groups of users, and create differential entitlements to benefits that are related to social structures. Such rights regimes are important to maintaining biodiversity and to human welfare; failing to recognize them presents dangers. The case study investigates the gendered nature of informal rights to selected tree and plant species that are distinct from, but related to, customary rights to land and trees, and are embedded in cosmology and social norms.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Common Property Resources; Intellectual Property Rights; Plant resources; Gender; Africa; Uganda; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50033

Determinants of School Attainment of Boys and Girls in Turkey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tansel,   Aysit.
This study investigates the determinants of school attainments of boys and girls in Turkey. Although high levels of enrollments have been achieved at the primary school level for both boys and girls in much of Turkey, substantial regional differences remain. In particular, in the Southeastern region, girls begin to drop out of school around the third grade. Only half of the primary school graduates register at the middle level. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of educational attainments at the primary, middle and high school levels. Attainments of boys and girls are examined separately so as to shed light on the causes for the significantly lower level of attainment for girls. Understanding the constraints causing the large...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: School attainments; Gender; Turkey; Labor and Human Capital; I21; J16.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28519

Water, Women, and Local Social Organization in the Western Kenya Highlands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Were,   Elizabeth; Swallow,   Brent M.; Roy,   Jessica.
Safe water is widely recognized as both a fundamental human need and a key input into economic activity. Across the developing world, the typical approach to addressing these needs is to segregate supplies of water for domestic use from water for large-scale agricultural production. In that arrangement, the goal of domestic water supply is to provide small amounts of clean safe water for direct consumption, cleaning, bathing and sanitation, while the goal of agricultural water supply is to provide large amounts of lower quality water for irrigated agriculture. A new third use of water is now being given more attention by researchers: small amounts of water employed in selected household enterprises. This third use may be particularly important for women....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Gender; Kenya; Water; Collective action; Community organization; Community-based organizations; Women; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42496

Human Capital Productivity, and Labor Allocation in Rural Pakistan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fafchamps,   Marcel; Quisumbing,   Agnes R.
This paper investigates whether human capital affects the productivity and labor allocation of rural households in four districts of Pakistan. The investigation shows that households with better-educated males earn higher off-farm income and divert labor resources away from farm activities toward nonfarm work. Education has no significant effect on productivity in crop and livestock production. The effect of human capital on household incomes is partly realized through the reallocation of labor from low-productivity activities to nonfarm work. Female education and nutrition do not affect productivity and labor allocation in any systematic fashion, a finding that is consistent with the marginal role women play in market-oriented activities in Pakistan. As a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Female Labor; Income distribution; Gender issues; Labor productivity; Pakistan; Gender; Childcare; Work; Labor and Human Capital; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97040

Associations between Poverty and Socio-economic Variables in a Typical Tswana Rural Village: New Insights
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moepeng,   Pelotshweu T.; Tisdell,   Clement A.
This paper reports on and analyzes primary survey data obtained from a survey of household heads on the rural village of Nshakazhogwe, a typical rural village in northeast Botswana. It examines the associations between the incidence of poverty of household heads in this village and the values of several socio-economic variables. The socio-economic variables considered are the age of the household head, the level of their educational attainment, their gender, the number of sources from which they obtain their income, whether or not they have some wage employment, whether they receive income transfers privately or from the government, whether they conduct a home business and whether or not they obtain income from sales of livestock, crops or natural...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Botswana; Poverty; Incidence of Poverty; Household heads; Gender; Education; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123546

SEASONAL LABOR CONSTRAINTS AND INTRA-HOUSEHOLD DYNAMICS IN THE FEMALE FIELDS OF SOUTHERN CAMEROON
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elad,   Renata L.; Houston,   Jack E.
Women's agricultural production is modeled as a sequential switching regression process determined by men's clearing labor capacity and women's harvest labor capacity.  Results show that output was more often constrained by husband's clearing labor.  However, men's economic contribution to household consumption is inversely related to women's agricultural output.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Seasonal labor; Gender; Production; Developing countries; Labor and Human Capital; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21689

Do Men and Women Perform Differently on Different Types of Test Questions?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thompson,   Alexi S.; Jager,   Abigail L.; Burton,   Robert O., Jr.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Men; Women; Tests; Questions; Gender; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119771

Local Organizations for Natural Resource Management: Lessons from Theoretical and  Empirical Literature
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rasmussen,   Lise Nordvig; Meinzen-Dick,   Ruth Suseela.
Cover title. "August 1995"--Cover. Includes bibliographical references (p. 30-36).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Natural resources--Management; Collective behavior; Appropriate technology--Research--Developing countries; Devolution; Gender; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97520

Gendered Impact of Irrigated Rice Schemes’ Governance on Farmers’ Income, Productivity and Technical Efficiency in Benin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kinkingninhoun-Medagbe,   Florent M.; Diagne,   Aliou; Agboh-Noameshie,   Afiavi R.; Adegbola,   Patrice Ygue.
Collective actions groups have many advantages and are sometimes essential, yet they can reinforce or perpetuate inter-and intra-gender inequalities when their functioning is left entirely subject to internal community dynamics and they are not well managed. This is well illustrated by the case of Koussin-Lélé rice scheme in the central Benin. This paper apply inequality indices and frontier production function to data from a sample of male and women rice farmers to analyze the gender inequalities in access to land and the governance of the groups, and their gender-differentiated impacts on farmers' productivity, technical efficiency and income. The results show that women are particularly discriminated against with regards to access to land, with...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Gender; Land distribution; Rice; Technical efficiency; Productivity; Income; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52156

Gender, Networks and Mexico-U.S. Migration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Winters,   Paul C.; Davis,   Benjamin.
In this paper, we examine whether the causes and patterns of Mexican rural female migration differ significantly from rural male migration. A number of hypotheses are discussed to explain why female migration may differ from male migration, with a particular emphasis on the role of migrant networks. Using data from a national survey of rural Mexican households in the ejido sector, significant differences between the determinants of male and female migration are found. While evidence suggests that networks play an important role in female migration, we find that, contrary to case study evidence, female networks are not more influential than male networks in female migration. In fact, female and male networks are found to be substitutes, suggesting they...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Migration; Networks; Gender; Mexico; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12901

Measuring Male-Female Productivity Differentials in Ethiopian Agriculture: Policy Implications for Improving the Livelihood of Female Farmers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ehui,   Simeon K.; Yadeta,   Kenea; Paulos,   Zelekawork; Teklewold,   Hailemariam.
An understanding of the efficiency with which women farmers are operating, particularly where they account for the largest share of the labor force required for agricultural production, is essential for designing appropriate policies to improve the overall performance of agriculture as well as the livelihood of women farmers. This paper contributes to the gender productivity debate by drawing on crop production data collected in three districts (Ada, Akaki and Gimbichu) in East Shoa, Ethiopia during the 1999/2000 cropping season through detailed multi-visit surveys of 80 farm households of which 39 were female-headed households. Using the Tornqvist-Theil index, Total factor productivity (TFP) is measured to analyze crop production efficiency differentials...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural efficiency; Total factor productivity; Gender; Ethiopian agriculture; Labor and Human Capital; D2; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25782

An Extension of the Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition Technique to Logit and Probit Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fairlie,   Robert W.
The Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique is widely used to identify and quantify the separate contributions of group differences in measurable characteristics, such as education, experience, marital status, and geographical differences to racial and gender gaps in outcomes. The technique cannot be used directly, however, if the outcome is binary and the coefficients are from a logit or probit model. I describe a relatively simple method of performing a decomposition that uses estimates from a logit or probit model. Expanding on the original application of the technique in Fairlie (1999), I provide a more thorough discussion of how to apply the technique, an analysis of the sensitivity of the decomposition estimates to different parameters, and the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Logit; Probit; Decomposition; Race; Gender; Discrimination; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C8; J7.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28425

Gender Differences in Mobilization for Collective Action: Case Studies of Villages in Northern Nigeria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abdulwahid,   Saratu.
Men and women participate in collective action for different purposes in northern Nigeria. Field work conducted in six villages show that while men engage in community activities such as road repairs, maintenance of schools and hospitals, refuse collection and maintenance of the traditional village government, women mobilize around activities such as savings, house and farm work and care giving. It is argued that men mobilize around community activities outside the home because of their public orientation and because they want to maintain their dominance of that space. Women, in contrast, mobilize around activities in keeping with their domestic orientation and traditional roles such as care giving and housework. Religion also influences the extent of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Northern Nigeria; Gender; Collective action; Community participation; Social capital; Village associations; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50069

Gender, wealth, and participation in community groups in Meru Central District, Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davis,   Kristin E.; Negash,   Martha.
A mixed-methods, multiple-stage approach was used to obtain data on how gender and wealth affected participation in community groups in Meru, Kenya, and how men and women farmers obtain and diffuse agricultural information. Research techniques included participant observation, documentary analysis, semi-structured interviews, social mapping, group timelines, and structured questionnaires. Dairy-goat farmer groups were interviewed for the study. Qualitative data provided baseline information, and helped in the formulation of research questions. Quantitative data were analyzed using contingency tables, descriptive statistics, correlations, tests of significance, and regression. Factors that affected participation in different types of groups included...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Gender; Wealth; Community and farmer groups; Extension; Kenya.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47724

Gender Contribution and Constrains to Rural Agriculture and Household Food Security in Kenya: Case of Western Province
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Omwoha,   J.N.
This study examined the contribution of gender with special emphasis on women farmers towards rural agriculture as well as factors constraining access to rural agricultural production and consequently household food security in Western Province of Kenya. Data were collected from a total of 161 women farmers, 32 women groups as well as 254 individual males farmers engaged in small-scale production of various food crops in Western Province in Kenya for a period of 1 year. Data were collected using questionnaires and interviews administered to the sampled individual farmers and women groups. Outputs from individual farm productions were used as a measure of agriculture production. Comparisons were made between exclusively female owned farms, women groups and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food security; Gender; Kenya; Women Cooperatives; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52148

ARE WEALTH TRANSFERS BIASED AGAINST GIRLS? GENDER DIFFERENCES IN LAND INHERITANCE AND SCHOOLING INVESTMENT IN GHANA'S WESTERN REGION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quisumbing,   Agnes R.; Payongayong,   Ellen M.; Otsuka,   Keijiro.
This study attempts to analyze changing patterns of land transfers and schooling investments by gender over three generations in customary land areas of Ghana's Western Region. Although traditional matrilineal inheritance rules deny landownership rights to women, women have increasingly acquired land through gifts and other means, thereby reducing the gender gap in landownership. The gender gap in schooling has also declined significantly, though it persists. We attribute such changes to the increase in women's bargaining power due to an agricultural technology that increased the demand for women's labor, contributing to the reduction of "social" discrimination as well as weak "parental" discrimination.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Property rights; Land inheritance; Agricultural growth; West Africa; Africa south of Sahara; Wealth transfers; Gender; Ghana; Education; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60311

Intersectoral management of river basins; Proceedings of an International Workshop on "Integrated Water Management in Water-Stressed River Basins in Developing Countries: Strategies for Poverty Alleviation and Agricultural Growth," Loskop Dam, South Africa, 16-21 October 2000
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water management; River basins; Watercourses; Poverty; Agricultural development; Developing countries; Water policy; Water use efficiency; Political aspects; Water allocation; User charges; Privatization; Water users' associations; Water scarcity; Investment; Financing; Institutional constraints; Water law; Gender; Social aspects; Conflict; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Food Security and Poverty; Political Economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118386

Improving the Effectiveness of Collective Action: Sharing Experiences From Community Forestry in Nepal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Acharya,   Krishna P.; Gentle,   Popular.
The forest management strategy of Nepal is based on people’s participation, which is known as community forestry. This approach was formally introduced in 1978 to encourage active participation of local people in forest management activities as a means to improve their livelihoods. Under the community forestry structure, local people make decisions regarding forest management, utilization and distribution of benefits from a forest; they are organized as a Community Forest User Group. Presently about 1.2 million hectares of forest is under the control of about 14,000 Community Forest User Groups. It has received highest priority within the forestry sector and is one of the most successful development initiatives in Nepal. However, emerging evidence...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community forestry; Nepal; Gender; Poverty; Forest management and governance; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42493

CULTIVATING NUTRITION: A SURVEY OF VIEWPOINTS ON INTEGRATING AGRICULTURE AND NUTRITION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Levin,   Carol E.; Long,   Jennifer; Simler,   Kenneth R.; Johnson-Welch,   Charlotte.
Over the past decade, donor-funded policies and programs designed to address undernutrition in the Global South have shifted away from agriculture-based strategies toward nutrient supplementation and food fortification programs. Given the potential benefits resulting from agriculture-based nutrition interventions, this study uses Q methodology to explore the views of a range of stakeholders from both developed and developing countries on the value of-and constraints related to-gender-sensitive, nutrition-oriented agricultural projects. The three distinct viewpoints that emerge from this exercise all support the use of agricultural strategies to improve nutrition and underline the importance of gender-sensitive approaches. The viewpoints differ, however, on...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Nutrition; Agriculture; Gender; Q Methodology; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16454

Costly Posturing: Relative Status, Ceremonies and Early Child Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chen,   Xi; Zhang,   Xiaobo.
Though social spending facilitates risk‐pooling in the impoverished regions, too many resources devoted to social occasions may impose negative externalities and hinder efforts to alleviate poverty for households living close to subsistence. Conducting three waves census‐type panel survey in rural western China with well‐defined reference groups and detailed information on social occasions, gift exchanges, nutrients intake and health outcomes, we find that the squeeze effect originated from lavish ceremonies is associated with lower height‐for‐age zscore, higher probability of stunting and underweight in early child development. The lasting impact suggests that “catch up” is limited. The squeeze is stronger for the fetal period and towards the lower tail...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Relative Status; Squeeze Effect; Nutrients Intake; Stunting; Underweight; Gender; Agribusiness; D13; I32; O15.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115517

Who Should be Interviewed in Surveys of Household Income?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fisher,   Monica G.; Reimer,   Jeffrey J.; Carr,   Edward R.
This study tests the null hypothesis that it is sufficient to interview only the household head to obtain accurate information on household income. Results show that using a husband’s estimate of his wife’s income does not produce statistically reliable results for poverty analysis. Estimates of the wife’s income provided by the husband and wife are in agreement in only six percent of households. While limiting interviews to one person has the advantage of reducing the time and expense of household surveys, this appears detrimental in terms of accuracy, and may lead to incorrect conclusions on the determinants of poverty.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Africa; Gender; Household dynamics; Household surveys; Malawi; Poverty; Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95950

Linking Diversity to Organizational Effectiveness: Lessons from a culture study at CIAT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Amariles,   Fabiola; Peralta,   Gustavo; Johnson,   Nancy L.
This Brief describes a ‘culture study’ carried out to explore how different staff groups perceive the culture of an international research centre and how the management of staff diversity issues affects the work environment and organizational performance. The perceptions of various staff groups were analysed in relation to five aspects of organizational culture: institutional climate; global competitiveness; empowerment and group motivation; work–life balance; and equity in gender and diversity. The study identified what staff believed to be the key strengths and weaknesses in the organization’s culture and detected four strategic areas for improvement: internal organizational communications; re-design of job positions and responsibilities; multi-cultural...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Culture; Performance; Gender; CGIAR; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52521

An Examination of Gender Wage Differences Among Graduates of the Agribusiness Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wolf,   Marianne McGarry; Qenani-Petrela,   Eivis.
Utilizing an original and extended data set containing information on annual wages, demographic and personal characteristics, we examine gender differences in the wages of the graduates of the agribusiness department.  The regression analysis suggests that after controlling for the main characteristics that affect earnings, significant differences in wages of men and women still remain present.  This study provides new empirical evidence on the gender wage gap in the labor market for the agricultural graduates.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Wages; Gender; Decomposition; Labor market; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20412

Human Capital Investment and the Gender Division of Labor in a Brawn-Based Economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pitt,   Mark M.; Rosenzweig,   Mark R.; Hassan,   Md. Nazmul.
﻿We use a model of human capital investment and activity choice to explain facts describing gender differentials in the levels and returns to human capital investments. These include the higher return to and level of schooling, the small effect of healthiness on wages, and the large effect of healthiness on schooling for females relative to males. The model incorporates gender differences in the level and responsiveness of brawn to nutrition in a Roy-economy setting in which activities reward skill and brawn differentially. Empirical evidence from rural Bangladesh provides support for the model and the importance of the distribution of brawn.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Brawn; Health; Schooling; Gender; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; O1; J1; J2.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93916

The Gender and Generational Consequences of the Demographic Transition and Population Policy: An Assessment of the Micro and Macro Linkages
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schultz,   T. Paul.
The demographic transition changes the age composition of a population, affecting resource allocations at the household and aggregate level. If age profiles of income, consumption, savings and investments were stable and estimable for the entire population, they might suggest how the demographic transition would affects inputs to growth. However, existing macro and micro simulations are estimated from unrepresentative samples of wage earners that do not distinguish sex, schooling, etc. The “demographic dividend” is better evaluated through case studies of household surveys and long-run social experiments.  Matlab, Bangladesh, extended a family planning and maternal and child health program to half the villages in its district in 1977, and recorded...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Fertility decline; Demographic transition; Intergenerational transfers; Gender; Consumer/Household Economics; Health Economics and Policy; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; J13; J21; J68; O15.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54534

Developing a Research and Action Agenda for Examining Urbanization and Caregiving: Examples from Southern and Eastern Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Engle,   Patrice L.; Menon,   Purnima; Garrett,   James L.; Slack,   Alison.
The UNICEF-expanded model for nutrition is used to analyze the circumstances of care in urban environments. The model postulates that there are six major types of care behaviors: feeding and breast-feeding, food preparation and handling, hygiene behavior, psychosocial care, care for women, and home health practices. These behaviors require the resources of education and knowledge of the caregivers, the physical and mental health of caregivers, autonomy in decisionmaking, time availability, and the social support of the family and community in order to ensure adequate care for the child. This paper describes each of these constraints, and two of the behaviors (feeding and health care utilization) in urban and rural areas. Data from Demographic and Health...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Child Feeding; Food handling; Urban health; Urbanization; Education; Research; Gender; Health and Nutrition; Education; Childcare and work; Livelihoods; Urban programming; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97296

Gender Inequality, Poverty and Human Development in Kenya: Main Indicators, Trends and Limitations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kiriti,   Tabitha; Tisdell,   Clement A.
Indicators of gender inequality, poverty and human development in Kenya are examined. Significant and rising incidence of absolute poverty occurs in Kenya and women are more likely to be in poverty than men. Female/male ratios in Kenyan decision-making institutions are highly skewed against women and they experience unfavourable enrolment ratios in primary, secondary and tertiary institutions. The share of income earned by women is much lower than men's share.   General Kenyan indicators highlight declining GDP per capita, increased poverty rates especially for women, reduced life expectancy, a narrowing of the difference in female/male life expectancy rates, increased child mortality rates and an increase in the female child mortality rates. This...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: AIDS; Africa; Kenya; Gender; Inequality; Human development; Poverty; Consumer/Household Economics; International Development; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/105587

Vouchers, School Choice and the Access to Higher Education
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Contreras,   Dante.
For over twenty years, a voucher system has been used in Chile to promote competition in the educational system between public and private schools. Attending a private subsidized school is associated with increased standardized test scores, but the apparent impact is relatively small. Controlling for school choice using a supply-side instrument (school availability at community level) implies substantially larger impacts of the voucher system. The effect of parents’ education on academic performance is smaller than that implied by simple OLS estimates that do not control for school choice. Finally, the results also show that family school choice is gender biased, females are sent more often to voucher schools while males are sent more often to private (non...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Education; Vouchers; Gender; Chile; Production Economics; I21; I22; I28.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28442

Living Life: overlooked aspects of urban employment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Garrett,   James L.
Urban Challenges to Food and Nutrition Security.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Hunger; Livelihoods; Childcare and work; Gender; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60401

Gender issues and women's participation in irrigated agriculture:  The case of two private irrigation canals in Carchi, Ecuador
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bastidas,   Elena P.
Defines the degree of women's involvement in irrigated agriculture and water users associations in two private irrigation canals in Ecuador and identifies factors that limit their involvement. Analyzes the effects of intra-household dynamics and the women's urban/rural backgrounds on participation.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Women in development; Gender; Labor; Privatization; Households; Irrigated farming; Irrigation canals; Water users' associations; Participatory management; Water allocation; Case studies; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44576

Gender differences in Uganda: the case for access to education and health services
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Seewanyana,   Sarah; Kasirye,   Ibrahim.
Using the nationally representative Gender Productivity Survey (GPS) of 2007/08 conducted by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBoS), the paper examines gender biases in school attainment, returns to education, expenditure on health and education, access to health services. While Uganda has recorded progress on MDG 3: promote gender equality and empower women, the paper reveals that significant gender biases still exist with a regional dimension. These biases are more pronounced in Northern Uganda, which is the poorest region. In other words, interventions in this part of the country should be able to address these biases if the region is to catch up with the rest of the country. These findings further suggest that free education both at primary and...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Gender; Health; Education; Services; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Health Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital; Public Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113612

Technical Efficiency Analysis in Male and Female-Managed Farms: A Study of Maize Production in West Pokot District, Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marinda,   Pamela; Bangura,   Arnold; Heidhues,   Franz.
There has been a decline in crop productivity in Kenya, a situation that has contributed to the raising food insecurity in the country. Communities in arid and semi-arid areas of the country, the landless, and female headed households are particularly vulnerable to food insecurity. Given the rising percentage of female headed households in Kenya (estimated at 37% in 2005), there is need to examine crop productivity in male and female managed farms and do a diagnosis of factors that lead to low productivity in female headed households and hence their higher vulnerability to food insecurity. This paper aims at examining gender differentials in farm resource ownership and how it affects the technical efficiency in maize production in male and female managed...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Gender; Technical efficiency; Maize production; Kenya; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Labor and Human Capital; Q12; Q18; Q1.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25599

Public-Private Employment Choice, Wage Differentials and Gender in Turkey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tansel,   Aysit.
There is no evidence on the extent of public versus private wage differentials in Turkey. The main objective of this paper is to examine the factors which explain the employment choice and the wage differentials in the public administration, state owned enterprises and the formal private wage sector in Turkey. Selectivity corrected wage equations are estimated for each sector for men and women separately. Oaxaca decomposition of the wage differentials between sectors for men and women are carried out. For this purpose, results of the 1994 Household Expenditure Survey Conducted by the State Institute of Statistics are used. The results indicate that when controlled for observed characteristics and sample selection, for men, public administration wages are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public-private wages; Gender; Turkey; Labor and Human Capital; J31; J45; J16.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28377

Gender and Poverty: New Evidence from 10 Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quisumbing,   Agnes R.; Haddad,   Lawrence James; Pena,   Christine.
This paper presents new evidence on the association between gender and poverty based on an empirical analysis of 11 data sets from 10 developing countries. The paper computes income- and expenditure-based poverty measures and investigates their sensitivity to the use of per capita and per adult equivalent units. It also tests for differences in poverty incidence between individuals in male- and female-headed households using stochastic dominance analysis. Stochastic dominance analysis reveals that differences between male- and female-headed households among the very poor are not sufficiently large that one can conclude that one is unambiguously worse- or better-off, except for a few exceptions. When we use the method of endogenous bounds, persons in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Gender; Household resource allocation; Households; Poverty; Rural population; Developing Countries; Ghana; Bangladesh; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97310

Multiple-use water services to advance the millennium development goals
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Koppen,   Barbara; Moriarty,   Patrick; Boelee,   Eline.
This research report presents the findings of the first phase of the action-research project "Models for implementing multiple-use water supply systems for enhanced land and water productivity, rural livelihoods and gender equity." Multipleuse water services, or "mus" in short, is a participatory, integrated and poverty-reduction focused approach in poor rural and peri-urban areas, which takes people's multiple water needs as a starting point for providing integrated services, moving beyond the conventional sectoral barriers of the domestic and productive sectors.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water supply; Poverty; Models; Irrigation water; Domestic water; Drinking water; Gender; Cost recovery; Water quality; Environmental sustainability; Participatory management; Social participation; Legislation; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44523

Gender Issues in Rural Eastern India Revealed by Field Interviews: Tribal and Non-Tribal Responses
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Roy,   Kartik C.
Reports responses to interviews conducted in three rural villages in Eastern India in January 2000 as well as replies to questions asked at a forest meeting in West Bengal of groups/persons interested in rural women and development. The questions were designed to provide information on gender-bias and possible reasons for it, especially any economic reasons. These interviews supplemented detailed questionnaires directed to wives in these villages. Interviews were conducted with Kondhs in a village (Badala) west of Dashapalla in Orissa, with Santals in an all Santal village, (Bandhgora) in the Midnapore region of West Bengal and with Santals and scheduled caste Hindus in a mixed village, (Sadanandapur) in the same region. The results highlight significant...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic discrimination; Education; Female status; Gender; Health; Hinduism; India; Kondhs; Santals; Social discrimination; Theories of the family.; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; D1; J12; J15; J16; Z13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123549

Synthesis of IWMI work in Nepal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pant,   Dhruba; Samad,   Madar.
The International Water Management Institute (IWMI) has been working in Nepal since 1986 with the objective of undertaking research in water management and to strengthen the research capabilities of concerned government agencies. The research helped to develop appropriate mechanisms for providing support to Farmer-Managed Irrigation Systems (FMIS) and the initiation of participatory irrigation management (PIM). The river basin studies helped policy formulation for integrated planning and management of water resources besides the methodological contribution through the development of appropriate tools for water management studies. It also contributed to enhancing the capabilities of agency officials and local researchers through their involvement in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Irrigation systems; Privatization; Farmer managed irrigation systems; River basin management; Water users associations; Policy; Groundwater management; Gender; Women; Capacity building; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95762

Agricultural and Rural Labour Markets in the EU Candidate Countries of Croatia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Turkey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bojnec,   Stefan.
Factor Markets Coordination: Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), Brussels, Belgium
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labour market; Agricultural and rural labour structures; Education; Gender; Unemployment and living conditions in rural areas; Candidate countries; European Union.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Labor and Human Capital; Political Economy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117487

Private irrigation in Sub-Saharan Africa; Regional Seminar on Private Sector Participation and Irrigation Expansion in sub-Saharan Africa, Proceedings 22-26 October 2011, Accra, Ghana
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Privatization; Irrigated farming; Financing; Irrigation systems; Gender; Women; Government managed irrigation systems; Farmer managed irrigation systems; Rice; Horticulture; Technology transfer; Pumps; Drip irrigation; Filtration; Capacity building; Urban agriculture; Poverty; Water users associations; Agricultural credit; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118418

Gender, Social Capital and Information Exchange in Rural Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Katungi,   Enid; Smale,   Melinda.
Changing agricultural research and extension systems mean that informal mechanisms of information diffusion are often the primary source of information about improved seed and practices for farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. This paper investigates the interactions between gender, social capital and information exchange in rural Uganda. Within the framework of farmer-to-farmer models, we conceptualize the informal information diffusion process to comprise social capital accumulation and information exchange. We assume that each agent participates in information exchange with a fixed (predetermined) level of social capital and examine how endowments of social capital influence information exchange, paying close attention to gender differences. A multinomial...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Gender; Social capital; Information exchange; Informal mechanisms; Uganda; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50070

A plot of one's own: gender relations and irrigated land allocation policies in Burkina Faso
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zwarteveen,   Margreet Z.
Discusses the potential opportunities and pitfalls of introducing market forces into the process of water allocation. Proposes several preconditions for beneficial privatization of water allocation and argues for a more sophisticated form of analysis than that generally allowed by proponents of basic needs or of free market approaches.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Women in development; Gender; Land use; Land management; Policy; Female labor; Households; Irrigated farming; Social impact; West Africa; Burkina Faso; Dakiri; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61114

PARKS, POPULATION, AND RESETTLEMENT IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stycos,   J. Mayone; Duarte,   Isis.
A survey of 139 men and 123 women in four communities bordering Los Haitises National Park in the Dominican Republic took place in late 1992.  The survey followed a presidential decree ordering the army to clear the forest of people and cattle and to resettle a number of villages.  The survey found that people admitted using the forest for firewood and cash crop cultivation.  However, they were aware of the need to conserve the forest and expressed willingness to compromise on its use.  They were less aware of park boundaries and did not understand the concept of a national park.  Villagers welcomed rapid population growth, and women favor (and have) large families despite high rates of sterilization.  Nearly everyone opposed resettlement and favored...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Attitudes; Behavior; Gender; Knowledge; Park; Population; Resettlement; Survey; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11883

Experiences and opportunities for promoting small-scale/micro irrigation and rainwater harvesting for food security in Ethiopia.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Awulachew,   Seleshi Bekele; Merrey,   Douglas J.; Kamara,   Abdul B.; van Koppen,   Barbara; Penning de Vries,   Frits W.T.; Boelee,   Eline.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Water harvesting; Irrigation systems; Irrigation programs; Gender; Agricultural extension; Farmers; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92402

Participation by Men and Women in Off-Farm Activities: an Empirical Analysis in Rural Northern Ghana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCarthy,   Nancy; Sun,   Yan.
The paper evaluates the household- and community-level factors influencing women’s and men’s decisions to participate in off-farm activities, either in the off-farm labor market or in local community groups, and the relationship with on-farm crop returns. Results reveals female participation in off-farm labor markets increases at higher levels of labor availability, and female on-farm work and group participation are complementary activities.  Results also indicate that male labor is relatively more productive on-farm versus off-farm than female labor. Finally, the study shows that education increases the likelihood for both women and men to work off-farm, although the impact is greater for women.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Off-farm labor supply; Participation; Community groups; Gender; Labor and Human Capital; J22; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51040

Gender, Labor, and Prime-Age Adult Mortality: Evidence from South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yamauchi,   Futoshi; Buthelezi,   Thabani; Velia,   Myriam.
This paper examines the impact of prime-age adult mortality on the transition from school to the labor market of adolescents and on decisions by female adults to participate in the labor force in South Africa. The analysis focuses on that period— 1998–2004—when South Africa experienced excess mortality due to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. We find, first, that deaths of prime-age adults significantly increase both male and female adolescents’ labor force participation because they stop their schooling in order to help support their families. Female school enrollment may also decrease because girls are required to stay at home to take care of the sick. Therefore, the total negative impact on schooling is larger among female adolescents than among male adolescents....
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Prime-age adult mortality; Schooling; Labor supply; Gender; South Africa; Health Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55893

Comparative Economic and Gender, Labor Analysis of Conservation Agriculture Practices in Tribal Villages in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lai,   Cynthia; Chan,   Catherine; Halbrendt,   Jacqueline; Shariq,   Linsey; Roul,   Pravat; Idol,   Travis; Ray,   Chittanrajan; Evensen,   Carl.
The International Food and Agribusiness Management Review is published quarterly by IFAMA. www.ifama.org
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: India; Conservation agriculture; Gender; Labor; Maize; Cowpea; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; Q.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120859

Collective Action in Plant Genetic Resources Management: Gendered Rules of Reputation, Trust  and Reciprocity in Kerala, India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Padmanabhan,   Martina Aruna.
Collective action aims at the joint management of common pool resources. Agrobiodiversity at the community level is conceptualized as a collective resource requiring the management of varieties, species and their interrelations within a farming-system. In the rice dominated agriculture in the uplands of Kerala, India, few community groups continue maintaining and thus conserving their high diversity in landraces. Faced with the challenges of devastating prices for rice, their traditional system of collective action to exchange seed material and knowledge is endangered. A new institutional mechanism to manage biodiversity is the People’s Biodiversity Register, a mandatory documentation procedure to enable cost and benefit sharing under the Convention on...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Gender; India; Agrobiodiversity; Institutions; Trust; Reciprocity; Reputation; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42508

Better Rich, or Better There? : Grandparent Wealth, Coresidence, and Intrahousehold Allocation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quisumbing,   Agnes R.
This paper uses three-generation retrospective data from the rural Philippines to examine the role of the extended family, proxied by alternative measures of grandparent coresidence, on investments in children. An extension of the wealth model of intergenerational transfers shows that extended family resources may affect transfers to children if parents are credit constrained. Family-level unobservables are important in determining the allocation of education and land between sons and daughters. Both parent and grandparent pre-marriage wealth affect children’s completed schooling levels. Grandparent wealth, however, does not seem to affect the distribution of education between sons and daughters, although it affects the allocation of land. Grandparent...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource Allocation; Gender issues; Education; Gender; Property rights; Household Resource Allocation; Education; Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97298

Gender and irrigation in India: the Women's Irrigation Group of Jambar, South Gujarat.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Koppen,   Barbara; Nagar,   Rashmi K.; Vasavada,   Shilpa.
Documents a "best practice" - a successful gender-balanced irrigation intervention in which women were given control over an irrigation technology. The study evaluates the approach taken by the implementing NGO, the Aga Khan Rural Support Programme, in terms of its replicability in other areas where women share in farm activities and decision making.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Women in development; Gender; Female labor; Agricultural credit; Decision making; Irrigation programs; Rain-fed farming; Institution building; Pumping; India; South Gujarat; Bharuck; Jambar; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Production Economics; Public Economics; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51045

A gender performance indicator for irrigation:  Concepts, tools and applications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Koppen,   Barbara.
Although gender issues are today a priority on the agendas of irrigation policy makers, interventionists, farm leaders and researchers, there is still a considerable gap between positive intentions and concrete action. An important but hitherto ignored reason for this is the lack of adequate generic concepts and tools that are policy-relevant and can accommodate the vast variation in irrigation contexts worldwide. The Gender Performance Indicator for Irrigation (GPII) aims to fill this gap. In any particular scheme, this tool diagnoses the gendered organization of farming and gender-based inclusion or exclusion in irrigation institutions. It informs irrigation agencies what they themselves can do for effective change-if necessary. The tool also identifies...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Gender; Women; Irrigation management; Water management; Policy; Decision making; Performance evaluation; Indicators; Irrigated farming; Farming systems; Case studies; Water users' associations; Leadership; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44562

Economic Growth, Comparative Advantage, and Gender Differences in Schooling Outcomes: Evidence from the Birthweight Differences of Chinese Twins
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rosenzweig,   Mark R.; Zhang,   Junsen.
Data from two surveys of twins in China are used to contribute to an improved  understanding of the role of economic development in affecting gender differences in the trends in, levels of, and returns to schooling observed in China and in many developing countries in recent decades. In particular, we explore the hypothesis that these phenomena reflect differences in comparative advantage with respect to skill and brawn between men and women in the context of changes in incomes, returns to skill, and/or nutritional improvements that are the result of economic development and growth.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Schooling; Gender; Twins; China; Health Economics and Policy; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Productivity Analysis; J24; J16; I15; I25; O15.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121672

A “masculinização” da produção de leite
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Magalhaes,   Reginaldo Sales.
The strengthening of social organizations that made it possible for dairy production to become a market-driven activity has brought about deep changes in the sexual division of labour. The sociological analysis of the changes in family-farming intra-household roles shows that cultural traditions, gender-related power gaps, and social contexts that further deepen differences in market access between men and women are the social and cultural foundations of a hierarchy structured according to sex and generation, where women, especially the youngest, occupy greatly disadvantageous positions. With the strengthening of cooperatives, dairy production began to occupy a rather important role in providing resources to the household, yet the control over the activity...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Gender; Markets; Economic sociology.; Agribusiness; Z1; Z13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60822

LABOR PRODUCTIVITY WITHIN THE AFRICAN AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLD: THE  HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTION MODEL REVISITED
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elad,   Renata L.; Houston,   Jack E.; Keeler,   Andrew G.; Baker,   Doyle Curtis.
The benchmark concept is used to understand changes in farm household response to development dynamics.  1996-97 cropping seasons data from Cameroon is used to develop and test a "separate spheres" household model.  Labor productivity for men and women is discussed, along with their implications for research and resource management policies.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Labor productivity; Gender; Production; Consumption; Consumer/Household Economics; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16683

Gender, Agricultural Commercialization, and Collective Action in Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Elisabeth; Qaim,   Matin.
With the commercialization of agriculture, women are increasingly disadvantaged because of persistent gender-disparities in access to productive resources. Farmer collective action that intends to improve smallholder access to markets and technology could potentially accelerate this trend. Here, we use survey data of small-scale banana producers in Kenya to investigate the gender implications of recently established farmer groups. Traditionally, banana has been a women’s crop in Kenya. Our results confirm that the groups contribute to increasing male control over banana. While male control over banana revenues does not affect household food security, it has a negative marginal effect on dietary quality. We demonstrate that the negative gender implications...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Gender; Collective action; Market access; Agricultural technology; Household food security and nutrition; Kenya; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D71; J16; O12; O13; O31; Q13.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121229

Groups, Networks, and Social Capital in the Philippine Communities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Godquin,   Marie; Quisumbing,   Agnes R.
This paper explores the determinants of group membership and social networks of rural households using a unique longitudinal data set from the rural Philippines. We investigate two types of social capital: membership in groups (production, credit, burial, religious and civic groups), or “formal” social capital, and size of trust-based networks or “informal” social capital. Because men and women may have different propensities to invest in social capital, we analyze the determinants of group membership both at the household level and for men and women separately. We also disaggregate the analysis by type of group. The paper examines the determinants of the density of social capital, proxied by the number of groups and the number of network members. Finally,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Groups; Network; Social capital; Gender; Philippines; Asia; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42507

Determinants of participation in child’s education and alternative activities in Pakistan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lodhi,   Abdul Salam; Tsegai,   Daniel W.; Gerber,   Nicolas.
Using data from Pakistan, this study analyzed the effect of various individual, household, and community level characteristics on the probability that children engage in different activities. According to the existing trend of their prevalence, we considered five child’s activities, namely: secular schooling; religious education; child labor; a combination of child labor and secular schooling; and inactivity (including leisure). Data was collected through field surveys conducted in over 40 villages in four Pakistani provinces: Balochistan, Khyber Paktunkhwa, Punjab, and Sind. A total of 963 households were interviewed on the activities of 2,496 children. Multinomial Probit model was used for the analyses. Results indicated that parental perception had...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Child productivity; Child’s activities; Parental perception; Gender; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119110

A well of one's own: gender analysis of an irrigation program in Bangladesh
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jordans,   Eva H.; Zwarteveen,   Margreet Z.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Groundwater irrigation; Gender; Women in development; Poverty; Households; Agricultural production; Privatization; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113611

Is there a gender gap in housing? Marital property rights in Ecuador
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Twyman,   Jennifer; Deere,   Carmen Diana.
This study conducts a gender analysis of homeownership in Ecuador, drawing upon data collected through the nationally-representative 2010 Ecuador Household Asset Survey carried out by the authors.  The survey collected data on asset ownership both at the household and individual levels.   This allows us to overcome a typical problem faced by gender analyses, that of only having the sex of the household head and not the sex of the owner(s).  The study explores gender differences in homeownership and housing wealth.  There is fairly equal distribution of homeownership and housing wealth, which is not all that surprising given the partial community property marital regime.  Any property purchased during marriage or while in a consensual union is considered...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Homeownership; Gender; Marital regime; Partial community property rights; Ecuador; International Development.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103860

Gender and collective action: A conceptual framework for analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pandolfelli,   Lauren; Meinzen-Dick,   Ruth Suseela; Dohrn,   Stephan.
This paper presents a framework for investigating the intersection of collective action and gender; i.e. how gender-oriented analysis can foster more effective collective action in the context of agriculture and natural resource management and how collective action can be used as a vehicle for gender equity. We begin with definitions of the key concepts and then present three entry points for a gendered analysis of collective action-motivations, effectiveness, and impact on gender equity- vis-à-vis the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework (Oakerson 1992; Ostrom 1991). At the heart of this framework is the action arena, which is shaped by a host of initial conditions, including asset endowments, vulnerabilities, and legal and governance...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Gender; Collective action; Motivation; Effectiveness; Impact; Action resources; Institutional change.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47667

Institutional Innovations Towards Gender Equity in Agrobiodiversity Management: Collective Action in Kerala, South India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Padmanabhan,   Martina Aruna.
The maintenance of crop diversity on farmers’ fields in hot spots of plant genetic diversity is considered a ”global life insurance policy“ in the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD 2001:1). This paper provides evidence of the importance of the contribution of poor women farmers to the conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources (PGR) for food and agriculture. As a consequence, its equitable recognition and economic reward is a key issue in the sustainable management of agrobiodiversity. The present investigation into the institutions governing PGR, with special emphasis on gender equity and collective action, focuses on the identification of innovative institutions with special focus on women’s interests. The paper considers empirical...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Gender; Agrobiodiversity management; Collective action; India; Institutional change; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50068

Gender, institutions and sustainability in the context of forest decentralization reforms in Latin America and East Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sun,   Yan; Mwangi,   Esther; Meinzen-Dick,   Ruth Suseela.
Women’s participation in decision making at the user-group level and in forest committees has been demonstrated to have a positive impact on forest sustainability. For example, women’s participation enhances forest regeneration and reduces illegal harvesting through improved monitoring. Their presence in forest user groups increases the groups’ capacity to manage and resolve conflict, which in turn increases the likelihood that resource users will comply with and respect harvesting and use rules. These insights have been especially useful in informing policy and project interventions designed to strength and amplify women’s participation.          This paper adopts a cross-national approach and employs quantitative techniques to analyze the relative...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Gender; Forest management; Forest user groups; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q23; J16.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103456

Gender roles and multiple uses of water in North Gujarat.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Upadhyay,   Bhawana.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Gender; Rural women; Households; Income; Water use; Villages; Farmers; Groundwater; Livestock; Irrigated farming; Policy; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Public Economics.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92409

SEASONAL LABOR CONSTRAINTS AND INTRA-HOUSEHOLD DYNAMICS IN THE FEMALE FIELDS OF SOUTHERN CAMEROON
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elad,   Renata L.; Houston,   Jack E.
Women's agricultural production is modeled as a sequential switching regression process determined by men's clearing labor capacity and women's harvest labor capacity.  Results show that output was more often constrained by husband's clearing labor.  However, men's economic contribution to household consumption is inversely related to women's agricultural output.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Seasonal labor; Gender; Production; Developing countries; Consumer/Household Economics; International Development; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16691

Household Resources Allocation, Gender, and Economic Performance: Empirical Evidence from Senegal, West Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ndoye Niane,   Aifa Fatimata.
This paper has examined Pareto efficiency of household resources allocation and the appropriateness to use gender-specific models rather than unitary model while investigating economic performance of men and women managers of separate plots within horticultural households in Senegal, West Africa. This paper contributes to the gender and economics literature providing empirical evidence of intrahousehold resources allocation in a specific social, economic and cultural context in which polygamy occurs and where husband and wives manage separately their plots. The findings confirm the suitability of gender-specific models to shed light on the gender differential of performance. As the subject matter is efficiency, as well in econometric as in economic point...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Household Resources Allocation; Gender; Economic Performance; Horticulture; Senegal; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; D2.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50902

Why Do Migrants Remit?: An Analysis for the Dominican Sierra
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de la Briere,   Benedicte; de Janvry,   Alain; Lambert,   Sylvie; Sadoulet,   Elisabeth.
Two contrasting hypotheses about what motivates Dominican migrants to send remittances to their rural parents in the Sierra are tested: (1) an investment in potential bequests and (2) an insurance contract between parents and migrant children. Remittances from young migrants, males, and migrants who want to return to the Sierra follow a pattern consistent with investment. In contrast, female migrants with no intention of returning to the Sierra play the role of insurers. The gender composition of the migrant siblings affects this remittance task-sharing, since women with no remitting brothers show interest in inheritance, while men with no sisters offer insurance.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Migrant Remittances; Developing Countries; Gender Issues; Investments; Social aspects; Family; Economic aspects; Gender; Household resource allocation; Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97051

Women irrigators and leaders in the West Gandak Scheme, Nepal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Koppen,   Barbara; van Etten,   Jacobijn; Bajracharya,   Prabina; Tuladhar,   Amita.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Irrigated farming; Irrigation canals; Maintenance; Farmers' associations; Water users' associations; Farmer managed irrigation systems; Privatization; Leadership; Women; Gender; Households; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92768

EVERYDAY FORMS OF COLLECTIVE ACTION IN BANGLADESH: Learning from Fifteen Cases
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davis,   Peter; Haque,   Rafiqul; Hasin,   Dilara; Aziz,   Md. Abdul; Begum,   Anowara.
This paper examines fifteen cases of collective action in six villages in rural Bangladesh. Collective action was defined broadly and identified from significant episodes in previous life-history research in the same villages. The types of collective action identified were catalyzed by marriage; dowry and domestic violence; disputes over land; illness, injury and death in accidents; and theft and cheating. The role of development NGOs was less significant than would be expected considering their visibility in rural Bangladesh. The study suggests that ‘everyday forms’ (Scott 1985) of collective action often occur spontaneously and informally, with significant impact on peoples’ wellbeing, but with ambiguous outcomes for some poor people involved. This is a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Disputes; Bangladesh; Social norms; Gender; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50894

Slaughter and Carcass Traits of Geese with Different Feather Colour and Gender
Provedor de dados: 89
Autores: Kırmızıbayrak,T; Boğa,B Kuru.
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine slaughter and carcass traits of geese with different feather colour and gender. The study was conducted with Turkish geese in free-range production conditions in Kars, Turkey. A total of 282 geese (251 females, 31 males) were grouped by feather colour as black (n=49), white (n=77), black pied (n=127), and brown and brown tawny (n=29). Geese were weighed before slaughter and then the slaughter and carcass traits were determined. Data were subjected to one-way ANOVA, and post-hoc Tukey HSD test was applied to compare feather-colour means and the independent sample t-test was used to compare gender means. Feather colour did not influence (p&gt;0.05) slaughter and carcass traits, except for hot carcass, feather...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Carcass trait; Feather colour; Geese; Gender; Slaughter trait.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2018000400759

Body Morphometry and Development of the Digestive System of Grey Partridge (Perdix Perdix) Depending on Age and Gender
Provedor de dados: 89
Autores: Kokoszyński,D; Biegniewska,M; Wilkanowska,A; Saleh,M; Bernacki,Z; Stęczny,K; Kmiecik,M.
ABSTRACT The experiment used 100 grey partridges (Perdix perdix L.), which were reared first in confinement and later in aviaries. Partridges were lighter and had greater body dimensions at 36 weeks compared to 12 weeks except for trunk length. Older birds showed greater values (p&gt;0.05) of compactness and lower values of massiveness and long-leggedness. Significant differences were found for keel length in females. At 36 weeks, male and female partridges had significantly greater total intestinal length, males had significantly longer small intestine and rectum, and females were characterized by significantly longer caeca and greater (p&lt;0.05) intestine to body length ratio. Older birds had significantly greater gizzard weight and percentage and heart...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Body dimensions; Gender; Grey partridge; Growth; Intestine.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2017000400695

Brazilian consumers' perception of tenderness of beef steaks classified by shear force and taste
Provedor de dados: 63
Autores: Delgado,Eduardo Francisquine; Aguiar,Ana Paula; Ortega,Edwin Moisés Marcos; Spoto,Marta Helena Fillet; Castillo,Carmen Josefina Contreras.
The knowledge of consumer perception of meat tenderness and taste is essential to forecast a Brazilian quality value-based beef market. This study aimed to verify perception of tender (WBSF &lt; 4.1 kg) from tough (&gt; 4.8 kg) strip loin steak or uncharacteristic (calcium-treated/Ca-IM) and normal (non-calcium/NO-Ca) meat taste by consumers according to gender, age, education and income levels. Steaks were previously classified by shear force measurements as tender or tough. Each consumer was served a paired sample of one tender and of one tough steak, which were either Ca-IM or NO-Ca treated before tenderness classification. Three hundred and eight consumers answered a nine-point intensity (tenderness) and hedonic (taste) scales evaluation questionnaire....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Gender; Age; Education; Income; Calcium.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162006000300004

Tannins in Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteraceae): effects of seasonality, water availability and plant sex
Provedor de dados: 39
Autores: Espírito-Santo,Mário M; Fernandes,G. Wilson; Allain,Luciana R; Reis,Ticiana R. F.
Several ecological, genetic, and environmental factors are known to influence tannin concentration in plant tissues. In this study, the effects of seasonality, water availability, and sex of the plant on tannin concentration in the dioecious shrub Baccharis dracunculifolia were assessed. The effects of water availability on plant shoot growth and its relationship to tannin concentration were also experimentally evaluated. Tannins occurred in B. dracunculifolia from November to May, peaking during the summer (December to March). However, no relationship between tannin concentration, rainfall and temperature was found. No difference in tannin concentration and shoot growth was found between plants in the irrigated and control treatments, this suggesting that...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Tannins; Baccharis dracunculifolia; Irrigation; Gender; Phenology.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-33061999000200006

High gender -specific susceptibility to curare- a neuromuscular blocking agent
Provedor de dados: 48
Autores: Maurya,Santosh K; Periasamy,Muthu; Bal,Naresh C.
Curare, a selective skeletal muscle relaxant, has been used clinically to reduce shivering and as an anesthetic auxiliary in abdominal surgery. It is also widely used in animal experiments to block neuromuscular junction activity. Effective doses of curare diminish muscle contraction without affecting brain function, but at higher doses it is known to be lethal. However, the exact dose of curare initiating muscle relaxation vs. lethal effect has not been fully characterized in mice. In this study we carefully examined the dose-response for achieving muscle inactivity over lethality in both male and female mice (C57BL6/J). The most striking finding of this study is that female mice were highly susceptible to curare; both the EDm and LDm were at least 3-fold...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Curare; Dose response; Gender; Muscle activity; Oxygen consumption.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602013000100011

Gender differences in vascular expression of endothelin and ET A/ET B receptors, but not in calcium handling mechanisms, in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: David,F.L.; Montezano,A.C.I.; Rebouças,N.A.; Nigro,D.; Fortes,Z.B.; Carvalho,M.H.C.; Tostes,R.C.A.
We determined if the increased vascular responsiveness to endothelin-1 (ET-1) observed in male, but not in female, DOCA-salt rats is associated with differential vascular mRNA expression of ET-1 and/or ET A/ET B receptors or with functional differences in Ca2+ handling mechanisms by vascular myocytes. Uninephrectomized male and female Wistar rats received DOCA and drinking water containing NaCl/KCl. Control rats received vehicle and tap water. Blood pressure and contractile responses of endothelium-denuded aortic rings to agents which induce Ca2+ influx and/or its release from internal stores were measured using standard procedures. Expression of mRNA for ET-1 and ET A/ET B receptors was evaluated by RT-PCR after isolation of total cell RNA from both aorta...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: DOCA-salt hypertension; Endothelin-1; Gender; Endothelin receptors; Calcium; Rats.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2002000900006

Gender differences in serum CK-MB mass levels in healthy Braziliansubjects
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Araki,L.M.; Nogueira,A.A.R.; Mansur,A.P.
The creatine kinase-isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) mass assay is one of the laboratory tests used for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. It is recommended, however, that reference limits should take gender and race into account. In the present study, we analyzed the plasma CK-MB mass and troponin levels of 244 healthy volunteers without a personal history of coronary artery disease and with no chronic diseases, muscular trauma or hypothyroidism, and not taking statins. The tests were performed with commercial kits, CK-MB mass turbo kit and Troponin I turbo kit, using the Immulite 1000 analyzer from Siemens Healthcare Diagnostic. The values were separated according to gender and showed significant differences by the Mann-Whitney test. Mean (± SD) CK-MB mass...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other
Palavras-chave: CK-MB mass; Gender; Healthy volunteers.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2011000300010

Organic solvent exposure and contrast sensitivity: comparing men and women
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Oliveira,A.R.; Campos Neto,A.A.; de Andrade,M.J.O.; de Medeiros,P.C.B.; dos Santos,N.A.
The goal of this study was to compare the visual contrast sensitivity (CS) of men and women exposed and not exposed to organic solvents. Forty-six volunteers of both genders aged between 18 and 41 years (mean±SD=27.72±6.28) participated. Gas station attendants were exposed to gas containing 46.30 ppm of solvents at a temperature of 304±274.39 K, humidity of 62.25±7.59% and ventilation of 0.69±0.46 m/s (a passive gas chromatography-based sampling method was used considering the microclimate variables). Visual CS was measured via the psychophysical method of two-alternative forced choice using vertical sinusoidal gratings with spatial frequencies of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 10.0, and 16.0 cpd (cycles per degree) and an average luminance of 34.4 cd/m2. The...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Visual perception; Spatial frequencies; Neurotoxic agents; Chronic exposure; Gender.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2018000300603

Highly sensitive C-reactive protein and male gender are independently related to the severity of coronary disease in patients with metabolic syndrome and an acute coronary event
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Monteiro,C.M.C.; Pinheiro,L.F.; Izar,M.C.; Barros,S.W.; Vasco,M.B.; Fischer,S.M.; Povoa,R.M.; Brandão,S.A.; Santos,A.O.; Oliveira,L.; Carvalho,A.C.; Fonseca,F.A.H.
Patients with metabolic syndrome are at high-risk for development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. The objective of this study was to examine the major determinants of coronary disease severity, including those coronary risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome, during the early period after an acute coronary episode. We tested the hypothesis that inflammatory markers, especially highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), are related to coronary atherosclerosis, in addition to traditional coronary risk factors. Subjects of both genders aged 30 to 75 years (N = 116) were prospectively included if they had suffered a recent acute coronary syndrome (acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina pectoris requiring hospitalization) and if...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Metabolic syndrome; Acute coronary syndrome; C-reactive protein; Gender; Gensini score.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2010000300012

Chronotype ontogeny related to gender
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Duarte,L.L.; Menna-Barreto,L.; Miguel,M.A.L.; Louzada,F.; Araújo,J.; Alam,M.; Areas,R.; Pedrazzoli,M.
Chronotype is an established concept designed to identify distinct phase relationships between the expression of circadian rhythms and external synchronizers in humans. Although it has been widely accepted that chronotype is subjected to ontogenetic modulation, there is no consensus on the interaction between age and gender. This study aimed to determine the relationship between age- and gender-related changes in the morningness-eveningness character in a large sample of people. A total of 14,650 volunteers were asked to complete the Brazilian version of the Horne and Östberg chronotype questionnaire. The data demonstrated that, on average, women were more morning-oriented than men until the age of 30 and there were no significant differences between men...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Chronotype; Gender; Ontogeny; Circadian rhythms; Sleep timing.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2014000400316

Gender, race and socioeconomic influence on diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disorders in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Olmos,R.D.; Figueiredo,R.C. de; Aquino,E.M.; Lotufo,P.A.; Bensenor,I.M.
Thyroid diseases are common, and use of levothyroxine is increasing worldwide. We investigated the influence of gender, race and socioeconomic status on the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disorders using data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), a multicenter cohort study of civil servants (35-74 years of age) from six Brazilian cities. Diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction was by thyrotropin (TSH), and free thyroxine (FT4) if TSH was altered, and the use of specific medications. Multivariate logistic regression models were constructed using overt hyperthyroidism/hypothyroidism and levothyroxine use as dependent variables and sociodemographic characteristics as independent variables. The frequencies of overt hyper- and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Thyroid dysfunction; Treatment of thyroid disorders; Levothyroxine; Gender; Socioeconomic status; Race.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2015000800751

Influence of gender on psychomotor vigilance task performance by adolescents
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Beijamini,F.; Silva,A.G.T.; Peixoto,C.A.T.; Louzada,F.M.
During adolescence, the sleep phase delay associated with early school times increases daytime sleepiness and reduces psychomotor performance. Some studies have shown an effect of gender on psychomotor performance in adults and children. Males present faster reaction times (RT) compared with females. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of gender on Palm psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) performance in adolescents. Thirty-four adolescents (19 girls, 13 to 16 years old) attending morning school classes of a public school in Curitiba, PR, Brazil, participated in the study. Sleep patterns were measured using actigraphy and sleepiness data were accessed with the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS). KSS and PVT measurements were collected at...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Sleep/wake cycle; Karolinska Sleepiness Scale performance; Adolescent; Gender; Psychomotor vigilance task.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2008000800016

Gender effects on esophageal motility
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Dantas,R.O.; Ferriolli,E.; Souza,M.A.N.
It has been suggested that there are no gender effects on esophageal motility. However, in previous studies the subjects did not perform multiple swallows and the quantitative features of esophageal contractions were not evaluated. In order to investigate the gender effects on esophageal motility we studied 40 healthy normal volunteers, 20 men aged 37 ± 15 years (mean ± SD), and 20 women aged 38 ± 14 years. We used the manometric method with an eight-lumen polyvinyl catheter and continuous perfusion. The upper and lower esophageal sphincter pressures were measured by the rapid pull-through method. With the catheter positioned with one lumen opening in the lower esophageal sphincter, and the others at 5, 10 and 15 cm above the sphincter, ten swallows of a...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Esophageal motility; Gender; Esophageal physiology.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X1998000400011

Reference value of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity for the eastern Chinese population and potential influencing factors
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Zi-Sheng,Ai; Jue,Li; Zhong-Min,Liu; Hui-Min,Fan; Zhang,Dai-Fu; Yun,Zhu; Zhang,Li-Juan; Zhu,Wen-Qing; Bao,Yan.
The present study was conducted to obtain reference values for brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and to evaluate influencing factors of baPWV according to gender. Using automatic devices, baPWV was measured simultaneously in 2095 subjects. A total of 647 healthy subjects, none of whom presented atherosclerotic risk factors, were analyzed in the present study. Two different statistical methods were used to obtain reference values for baPWV according to subject gender and age. The association between baPWV value and gender, as well as other features, were analyzed. For male subjects, multiple stepwise analysis showed that age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR), and plasma levels of triglycerides (TG) were independent predictors of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Pulse wave velocity; Reference value; Age; Gender; Influencing factor.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2011001000004

Spectral and symbolic analysis of the effect of gender and postural change on cardiac autonomic modulation in healthy elderly subjects
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Perseguini,N.M.; Takahashi,A.C.M.; Rebelatto,J.R.; Silva,E.; Borghi-Silva,A.; Porta,A.; Montano,N.; Catai,A.M.
The objective of this study was to use linear and non-linear methods to investigate cardiac autonomic modulation in healthy elderly men and women in response to a postural change from the supine to the standing position. Fourteen men (66.1 ± 3.5 years) and 10 women (65.3 ± 3.3 years) were evaluated. Beat-to-beat heart rate was recorded in the supine and standing positions. Heart rate variability was studied by spectral analysis, including both low (LFnu-cardiac sympathetic modulation (CSM) indicator) and high (HFnu-cardiac vagal modulation (CVM) indicator) frequencies in normalized units as well as the low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio. Symbolic analysis was performed using the following indexes: 0V% (CSM indicator), 1V% (CSM and CVM indicators),...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Heart rate variability; Autonomic nervous system; Symbolic analysis; Spectral analysis; Elderly; Gender.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2011000100005

Effect of castration on renal glycosaminoglycans and their urinary excretion in male and female rats with chronic renal failure
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Lemos,C.C.S.; Tovar,A.M.F.; Guimarães,M.A.M.; Bregman,R.
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) participate in a variety of processes in the kidney, and evidence suggests that gender-related hormones participate in renal function. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship of GAGs, gender, and proteinuria in male and female rats with chronic renal failure (CRF). GAGs were analyzed in total kidney tissue and 24-h urine of castrated (c), male (M), and female (F) Wistar control (C) rats (CM, CMc, CF, CFc) and after 30 days of CRF induced by 5/6 nephrectomy (CRFM, CRFMc, CRFF, CRFFc). Total GAG quantification and composition were determined using agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. Renal GAGs were higher in CF compared to CM. CRFM presented an increase in renal GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS), and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Castration; Chronic renal failure; Gender; Glycosaminoglycans; Proteinuria.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2013000700567

Breathing disorders in congestive heart failure: gender, etiology and mortality
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Silva,R.S.; Figueiredo,A.C.; Mady,C.; Lorenzi-Filho,G.
We investigated the relationship between sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) while awake as well as mortality. Eighty-nine consecutive outpatients (29 females) with congestive heart failure (CHF; left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF &lt;45%) were prospectively evaluated. The presence of SDB and of CSR while awake before sleep onset was investigated by polysomnography. SDB prevalence was 81 and 56%, using apnea-hypopnea index cutoffs &gt;5 and &gt;15, respectively. CHF etiologies were similar according to the prevalence of SDB and sleep pattern. Males and females were similar in age, body mass index, and LVEF. Males presented more SDB (P = 0.01), higher apnea-hypopnea index (P = 0.04), more light sleep (stages 1 and 2; P...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Sleep apnea; Cheyne-Stokes respiration; Congestive heart failure; Gender; Chagas' disease.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2008000300007

Gender and age differences in polysomnography findings and sleep complaints of patients referred to a sleep laboratory
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Silva,A.; Andersen,M.L.; De Mello,M.T.; Bittencourt,L.R.A.; Peruzzo,D.; Tufik,S.
Our objective was to examine the effet of gender on the sleep pattern of patients referred to a sleep laboratory. The data (questionnaires and polysomnographic recordings) were collected from a total of 2365 patients (1550 men and 815 women). The polysomnography permits an objective assessment of the sleep pattern. We included only polysomnography exams obtained with no more than one recording system in order to permit normalization of the data. Men had a significantly higher body mass index than women (28.5 ± 4.8 vs 27.7 ± 6.35 kg/m²) and had a significantly higher score on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (10.8 ± 5.3 vs 9.5 ± 6.0), suggesting daytime sleepiness. Women had a significantly higher sleep latency than men, as well as a higher rapid eye movement...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Sleep; Gender; Polysomnography; Apnea; Insomnia; Database.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2008001200005

Effects of contracts and work relationships on salaries and income distribution of workers in the Chilean agricultural sector, 1996 and 2006
Provedor de dados: 118
Autores: Campos,Jorge; Foster,William.
During the past thirty years the Chilean economy generally and agriculture specifically have grown considerably, raising both per capita GDP and observed real wages of salaried workers. There has been, however, a concern about the country's persistent unequal distribution of income. Among the possible factors associated with income inequality is the relatively infrequent use of contracts in seasonal and occasional work, both strongly present in agriculture. Based on Chilean household surveys (CASEN) for 1996 and 2006, impacts of contracts and work relationships (permanent, seasonal, etc.) on salaries, and their possible contributions to inequality, were measured, accounting for schooling, ethnicity, work experience, geographic zones, and other variables...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Labor; Gender; Income distribution; Inequality; Work contract; Work relationship.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-16202012000100001

Gender and live weight on carcass and meat characteristics of donkeys
Provedor de dados: 65
Autores: Hernández-Briano,Pedro; Ramírez-Lozano,Roque Gonzalo; Carrillo-Muro,Octavio; López-Carlos,Marco Antonio; Méndez-Llorente,Fabiola; Aguilera-Soto,Jairo Iván.
ABSTRACT: One hundred eighty-nine Catalan crossbreed donkeys (Equus africanus asinus) were used to evaluate the effect of gender (gelding, n=106; or female, n=83) and live weight at slaughter (LW) (&lt;100kg, n=25; 101 to 125kg, n=42; 126 to 150kg, n=85; and 151&gt;kg, n=37) on carcass characteristics, non-carcass components and meat and fat color. Geldings had greater (P&lt;0.05) carcass weight, carcass dressing and *L value of subcutaneous fat than females; but females had greater (P&lt;0.05) cooling loss, a* value of semitendinosus muscle and b* value of subcutaneous fat. Donkeys with more than 126kg of LW showed greater (P&lt;0.05) carcass weight and dressing and lower (P&lt;0.05) cooling loss compared to lighter donkeys. The a* value of semitendinosus...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Carcass characteristics; Donkey; Gender; Weight; Meat.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782018000400654