Consulta: subjectFacets:"Poverty"
Registros recuperados: 331
Data/hora: 16/06/2024 04:59:16

Elasticidade-renda e elasticidade: desigualdade da probreza no Nordeste brasileiro.
Provedor de dados: 119
Autores: ARAÚJO, J. A. de; TABOSA, F. J. S.; KHAN, A. S.
O presente artigo estima a elasticidade-renda e a elasticidade-desigualdade da pobreza no Nordeste e nas áreas rurais e urbanas, utilizando como indicador de pobreza os seguintes índices: P0 (proporção de pobres), P1 (hiato da pobreza) e P2 (hiato quadrático da pobreza), controladas pela renda média familiar per capita, e o índice de Gini, como indicador de desigualdade. Os dados foram obtidos da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio (Pnad) do período de 1995 a 2009 (IBGE, 2009). Estima-se o modelo econométrico para dados em painel com efeitos fixos e efeitos aleatórios. Os resultados mostram que a redução da desigualdade tem mais impacto sobre a queda dos níveis de pobreza do que sobre o crescimento da renda média, e que as políticas de combate à...
Tipo: Artigo de periódico
Palavras-chave: Desigualdade de renda; Nordeste; Brasil; Probeza rural.; Pobreza; Renda per capita.; Poverty; Rural poverty.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/handle/doc/930809

Advances and future challenges.
Provedor de dados: 119
Autores: COSTA, J. R. da; COSTA, P. da.
Although the main indicators of poverty and extreme poverty are associated with daily per capita income, poverty in its expanded concept is not limited to income but also the extension human capacities. The increase in human capacities can promote the expansion of productivity and the power to earn income, making hardships rarer and less chronic. Hence, reducing poverty means raising income, but also providing the means to defend human rights, access to different basic services, and the enhancement of human capacities. Understanding this scenario is essential so that priority lines can be established for the feasibility of research, development, and innovative solutions for agriculture sustainability, to benefit Brazilian society, focusing on regions or...
Tipo: Parte de livro
Palavras-chave: Pobreza; Desenvolvimento Rural; Desenvolvimento Sustentável; Poverty; Rural development.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/handle/doc/1129041

Increasing resilience of the poor and reducing their vulnerability to disasters.
Provedor de dados: 119
Autores: COSTA, J. R. da; COSTA, P. da.
Climate change is the biggest challenge of the 21st century and is at the center of the global political debate (Giddens, 2010). The intensification of extreme weather events, one of the expected effects of global climate change, will affect everyone, especially peoples and populations that are already vulnerable to access to basic rights (Olsson et al., 2014). Poverty is considered the main factor contributing to the increase in population vulnerability to the effects of climate change, helping reduce their adaptive capacity. the technological solutions developed by Embrapa related to climate change that can help achieve this target are presented.
Tipo: Parte de livro
Palavras-chave: Pobreza; Agricultura Sustentável; Mudança Climática; Poverty; Climate change; Sustainable agriculture; Disasters.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/handle/doc/1129040

Poverty and development.
Provedor de dados: 119
Autores: COSTA, P. da; COSTA, J. R. da; SILVA, A. P. da; CAVALCANTE, A. C. R.; WANDELLI, E. V.; TAVARES, E. D.; BIANCHINI, F.; BELTRAO, S. L. L.
Science and technology are essential for sustainable development. Knowledge can generate changes in current patterns of development and contribute to poverty eradication. Science and its constant evolution have become a key resource for the generation of wealth, the reduction of social inequalities, and the improvement of quality of life in all its dimensions. In this context, Embrapa has dedicated resources for innovative studies in the areas of family farming, agribusiness, food security, fisheries, soil and water resources conservation, among others. Several more efficient technologies, such as improved cultivars and adapted production systems, are being developed and presented to Brazilian society.
Tipo: Parte de livro
Palavras-chave: Desigualdade social; Erradicação da pobreza; Pobreza; Desenvolvimento Sustentável; Agricultura Familiar; Segurança Alimentar; Rural poverty; Poverty.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/handle/doc/1125704

Uma viagem pelas regiões e estados guiada pelo Censo Agropecuário 2006.
Provedor de dados: 119
Autores: ALVES, E. R. de A.; SOUZA, G. da S. e; MARRA, R.
Este trabalho trata da urbanização, desenvolvimento regional, êxodo rural, tecnologia e a concentração da produção agropecuária com base nas informações dos censos agrícolas, principalmente o último deles, o de 2006. Mesmo que a agricultura nos últimos dez anos tenha duplicado sua produção, a estrutura e a problemática regional não mudou significativamente, com exceção da região Centro-Oeste. As conclusões principais são estas 1) O Brasil possui uma agricultura dual, com um agronegócio muito bem-sucedido, em que 11,4% dos estabelecimentos produziram 87% da renda bruta; 2) A tecnologia explica a maior parte da variação da renda bruta, exceto para o Norte, com destaque para a região Sul, com 90% de contribuição; 3) Os marginalizados da tecnologia povoam...
Tipo: Artigo de periódico
Palavras-chave: Desenvolvimento regional; Embrapa; Pesquisa agropecuária brasileira; Regional development; Brazilian agricultural research; Instituição de pesquisa; Pobreza; Poverty.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/handle/doc/1074696

No poverty: contributions of Embrapa.
Provedor de dados: 119
Poverty eradication, the focus of this book, is addressed in SDG 1 and considered the greatest challenge to achieve global targets. This SDG aims to end poverty in all its forms everywhere. This publication is on the contributions of Embrapa related to SDG targets 1.1, 1.2, and 1.5, understanding that poverty should not only be seen as a deprivation of financial resources, but also, to a large extent, the deprivation of resources, capacities, choices, security, and power.
Tipo: Livros
Palavras-chave: Desigualdade social; Agricultura Familiar; Biomassa; Desenvolvimento Sustentável; Erradicação; Pobreza; Zoneamento Agrícola; Family farms; Sustainable development; Poverty; Social inequality.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/handle/doc/1122498

Agricultural colonization impact on the tropical rain forest: the case of Machadinho Project (Rondonia-Brasil).
Provedor de dados: 119
Autores: MATTOS, C.; MIRANDA, E. E. de; PESSOA, M. C. P. Y.; FILLARDI, A. L.
Machadinho is a Colonization Project created by the National Institute of Colonization and Agrary Reform (INCRA) in 1982 as part of the POLONOROESTE Project, financed by the World Bank. It is located in Rondonia State (western region of Brazilian Amazonia) and has a population of approximately 32,000 habitants living in an area of 209,000 ha divided in 2,934 plots of land for farming, 17 Florest Reserves, 15 urban areas and one airport. The 1986 and 1989 EMBRAPA's study showed that: 1) the agriculture's practice is totally manual; 2) settlers use the strategy of great multiplicity of small investments (animal or vegetal production) to avoid losses; 3) the use of modern technology is limited; 4) productivity is low; 5) life condition is of almost complete...
Tipo: Parte de livro
Palavras-chave: Machadinho project; Rondônia; Disease; Agriculture; Deforestation; Farmers; Poverty.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/handle/doc/12173

Rice farmer’s poverty and its determinants: evidence from Dogofiri village of Office du Niger zone in Mali
Provedor de dados: 65
Autores: Coulibaly,Brahima; Li,Shixiang; Wang,Zhanqi.
ABSTRACT: The aim of this research was to contribute to a better understanding of rice farmer’s poverty of Office du Niger (ON) in Mali at village-level. Data were collected through survey with 110 head family farms in the village of Dogofiri. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the main determinants of poverty. Results indicated that the factors of physical capital and human capital as well as government policy have a significant influence on the poverty of family farms through production, age, family size, education and health support, agricultural credit and water fees. Policies aimed to improve the family farm’s income and boosting rice production to alleviate poverty...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Rice farmer; Poverty; Determinants; Office du Niger; Mali.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782020000200900

Capital Humano y Social. Factores que determinan la viabilidad de las empresas de turismo rural en la Sierra Nororiente del Estado de Puebla. Caso Red de Turismo Alternativo (RETA) Totaltikpak, A.C.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Pérez Serrano, Adriana Montserrat.
En la Sierra Nororiente del Estado de Puebla convergen una serie de elementos que la han colocado como una región de atención prioritaria; socialmente enfrenta agudos problemas de pobreza extrema y marginación, producto de un desarrollo histórico, donde la política agrícola y los bajos precios del café en los últimos años han jugado un importante papel. Asimismo, la riqueza que posee esta región se refleja en un mosaico de paisajes, tradiciones y etnias; recursos capaces de ser aprovechados para desarrollar actividades de turismo rural. El objetivo del estudio fue conocer el recurso turístico que es aprovechado por las siete empresas que integran la Red de Turismo Alternativo Totaltikpak, A.C., la cual opera en la Sierra Norte del Estado de Puebla; e...
Tipo: Tesis
Palavras-chave: Recursos turísticos; Turismo rural; Empleo no agrícola; Ingreso; Pobreza; Indígena; México Tourist resourses; Rural tourism; I not use agricultural; Income; Poverty; Indigenous; Mexico.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/1047

Análisis de la políticas públicas desde la perspectiva de género, el caso del programa de desarrollo rural de alianza para el campo, en el municipio de Texcoco
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Buendía Rodríguez, Alma Delia.
La presente investigación analiza los subprogramas PAPIR, PRODESCA Y  PROFEMOR del Programa de Desarrollo Rural de Alianza para el Campo en el  municipio de Texcoco desde la perspectiva de género.  El objetivo central es  conocer el enfoque (MED o GED) con que opera el Programa a través de las  instituciones gubernamentales que lo norman y administran.    La categoría teórica-metodológica utilizada es la perspectiva de género que analiza  la construcción social de la diferencia sexual, cuestiona las relaciones desiguales  de poder y propone el cambio hacia la equidad e igualdad de género.  Las  herramientas empleadas son de tipo cualitativo y cuantitativo y se aplicaron a los  diferentes actores y actrices que participan en la operación del Programa tales...
Tipo: Tesis
Palavras-chave: Política pública; Desarrollo rural; Pobreza; Equidad; MED; GED; Maestría; Desarrollo Rural; Public policy; Rural development; Poverty; Fairness.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/1403

Capital humano y social. Factores que determinan la viabilidad de las empresas de turismo rural en la Sierra Nororiente del Estado de Puebla. Caso Red de Turismo Alternativo (RETA) Totaltikpak, A.C.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Pérez Serrano, Adriana Montserrat.
En la Sierra Nororiente del Estado de Puebla convergen una serie de elementos que la han colocado como una región de atención prioritaria; socialmente enfrenta agudos problemas de pobreza extrema y marginación, producto de un desarrollo histórico, donde la política agrícola y los bajos precios del café en los últimos años han jugado un importante papel. Asimismo, la riqueza que posee esta región se refleja en un mosaico de paisajes, tradiciones y etnias; recursos capaces de ser aprovechados para desarrollar actividades de turismo rural. El objetivo del estudio fue conocer el recurso turístico que es aprovechado por las siete empresas que integran la Red de Turismo Alternativo Totaltikpak, A.C., la cual opera en la Sierra Norte del Estado de Puebla; e...
Tipo: Tesis
Palavras-chave: Recursos turísticos; Turismo rural; Empleo no agrícola; Ingreso; Pobreza; Índígena; México; Maestría; EDAR; Estrategias para el Desarrollo Agrícola Regional; Tourist resourses; Rural tourism; I not use agricultural; Income; Poverty; Indigenous.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/1337

Las microfinanzas en las condiciones de vida, ingreso y cultura financiera y empresarial. El caso de FINSOL Texcoco-Chimalhuacán, Estado de México
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Sampayo Paredes, Humberto.
En México, como en prácticamente todo el mundo, se experimenta un acelerado  crecimiento del sector de las microfinanzas de corte comercial, aun cuando se trata  de un sector relativamente nuevo; desde principios de la década los 90´s, para el  caso específico de México. Ello se debe a cuatro factores básicos: a) La enorme  demanda de servicios financieros por parte de millones de personas de bajos  ingresos; b) El diseño de una tecnología apropiada para acercar estos servicios a  esa población; c) La presencia de inversionistas dispuestos a invertir en esta  industria y; d) La difusión mundial que se le ha dado como instrumento de combate a  la pobreza (objetivos del milenio).   Lo anterior ha dado origen a múltiples estudios enfocados a evaluar los...
Tipo: Tesis
Palavras-chave: Microfinanzas; Crecimiento; Impactos; Pobreza; Bienestar; Maestría; Desarrollo Rural; Microfinance; Growth; Impact; Poverty; Welfare.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/1532

Desarrollo del sector microfinanciero en México.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Álvarez González, Evelina.
El propósito de este trabajo fue analizar el desarrollo y desempeño  del sector microfinanciero en México durante el periodo de 1996-2012, mediante los indicadores profundidad y amplitud con el objetivo de conocer sobre que niveles de pobreza están realmente incidiendo las instituciones de microfinanzas en nuestro país y como se está comportando el  mercado de prestatarios. El estudio se realizó con una muestra correspondiente a 120 IMF´S (Instituciones de Microfinanzas) mexicanas registradas y disponibles en las bases de datos de Microfinance Information Exchange, Inc. (Mix). y ProDesarrollo, Finanzas y Microempresa A.C. (Benchmarking 2012), para lo cual se empleo una metodología de tipo cuantitativa analítica con  grupos de control y de estudio para...
Palavras-chave: Microfinanzas; Profundidad; Amplitud; Pobreza; Microfinance; Depth; Breadth; Poverty; Economía; Maestría.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/2173

Evaluación del impacto del programa oportunidades en las localidades de La Laja, Plancarte y Maravatío del Encinal en el estado de Guanajuato.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Martínez Barajas, María Blanca.
El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar cuáles han sido los avances del Programa en función de los objetivos establecidos inicialmente. La investigación  combina  métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos aplicando encuestas y entrevistas a los beneficiarios del Programa; se realizó en 2013 en las localidades de La Laja y Plancarte en el municipio de Celaya y Maravatio del Encinal en el municipio de Salvatierra, ambos pertenecientes al  estado de Guanajuato.  La mayor parte de los beneficiarios se encuentran por debajo de la línea de Bienestar Mínimo (LBM) que es el criterio principal de selección establecido por el programa. Se presentan avances en educación  pues la mayor parte de los beneficiarios en edad escolar (86.78%) asisten a ella como...
Palavras-chave: Oportunidades; Pobreza; Transferencia; Avances; Objetivos; Poverty; Transfers; Progress; Goals; Economía; Maestría.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/2283

Y ellas trabajando a golpe de sol... y con el metate también : relaciones de poder e independencia económica de las mujeres a partir de las microfinanzas rurales.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: García Horta, José Luis.
El objetivo de la investigación es analizar la efectividad del microcrédito como instrumento para atenuar la situación de pobreza que viven las personas que lo utilizan. La unidad de análisis la constituyeron las beneficiarias que ProMujer atendió en su Centro Focal ubicado en Ixmiquilpan, Estado de Hidalgo. El método y la metodología de la investigación se fundamentaron en la perspectiva de género como categoría útil para analizar las desigualdades entre hombres y mujeres. En el análisis se contempló el trabajo de diversos autores y autoras que se han especializado en el tema del microcrédito. Se indica que cuando a las mujeres se les facilita el acceso a los recursos financieros, en el grupo doméstico se mejora la situación de pobreza y las mujeres...
Palavras-chave: Género; Pobreza; Microfinanzas; Empoderamiento; Gender; Poverty; Microfinance; Empowerment; Desarrollo Rural; Doctorado.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/2196

La vivienda en el vivir rural : estado, procesos sociales y deficit habitacional
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Rodríguez Orozco, Arlet.
La Comisión Nacional de Vivienda calcula que el déficit habitacional suma 4.3 millones de viviendas (CONAVI, 2005). Este afecta a más de 18 millones de mexicanos que no tienen vivienda o que tienen problemas de espaciamiento, dotación de servicios o usan materiales precarios en la construcción. En el medio rural el déficit se agudiza: el 55% de las viviendas rurales presentan hacinamiento, el 43% no tiene drenaje, el 71% no dispone de agua y el 19% no cuenta con sanitario (INEGI, II Conteo de Población y Vivienda 2005). Hasta ahora el déficit habitacional se ha medido con el referente urbano, pero es un concepto todavía en construcción. Las viviendas rurales deficitarias son signo de la pobreza generada por la constante transferencia de recursos del medio...
Tipo: Tesis
Palavras-chave: Déficit habitacional rural; Procesos sociales; Pobreza; Desigualdad; Individualización; Doctorado; Desarrollo Rural; Rural housing deficit; Social processes; Poverty; Inequality; Individualization.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/1632

Pobreza, desnutrición y aprovechamiento escolar: una relación causal conflictiva en dos localidades del municipio de Tepetlaoxtoc, Edo. de México.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Rucoba García, Armando.
En este estudio se analizó la relación causal que existe entre pobreza, desnutrición y aprovechamiento escolar de estudiantes de nivel primaria y secundaria en dos localidades de Tepetlaoxtoc, en el marco de las políticas públicas. Las familias se clasificaron en cuatro estratos, de acuerdo a las líneas de pobreza en México y después se comparó el grado de desnutrición y el aprovechamiento escolar de los estudiantes por estrato. De acuerdo a cada estrato, se observó el grado de correlación entre desnutrición y aprovechamiento escolar. En los dos estratos de menor ingreso de primaria y secundaria de las dos localidades, se presentó un mayor grado de correlación entre desnutrición y bajo aprovechamiento escolar, aunque no de forma significativa. Los...
Palavras-chave: Pobreza; Desnutrición; Aprovechamiento escolar; Políticas públicas; Tepetlaoxtoc; Poverty; Malnutrition; School performance; Public policies; Doctorado; Desarrollo Rural.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/236

Migración masculina y depresión femenina en Temascalcingo, Estado de México.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Meléndez Servín, Mary Loreley.
Las mujeres que tienen esposos migrantes tienden a intensificar sus actividades extra domésticas para el sostenimiento de su hogar y sobre todo de sus hijos e hijas ante un escenario incierto donde las remesas en ocasiones son esporádicas o inexistentes. Aunado al hecho de que no pueden escaparse del dominio patriarcal ya que los hombres ejercen control de la sexualidad de sus esposas para asegurar la fidelidad así como la protección de su honor. Ante tal escenario la salud de las mujeres con esposos migrantes se ve afectada en especial su salud mental. El presente trabajo identifica si la migración masculina es un factor desencadenante de la depresión y determina las formas en que se manifiesta dicho trastorno y las acciones que implementan las mujeres...
Palavras-chave: Migración masculina; Depresión; Estereotipos de género; Pobreza; Vivienda; Male migration; Depression; Gender stereotypes; Poverty; Violence; Desarrollo rural; Maestría; Violencia.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/767

Pobreza, desnutrición y aprovechamiento escolar: una relación causal conflictiva en dos localidades del municipio de Tepetlaoxtoc, Edo. de México.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Rucoba García, Armando.
En este estudio se analizó la relación causal que existe entre pobreza, desnutrición y aprovechamiento escolar de estudiantes de nivel primaria y secundaria en dos localidades de Tepetlaoxtoc, en el marco de las políticas públicas. Las familias se clasificaron en cuatro estratos, de acuerdo a las líneas de pobreza en México y después se comparó el grado de desnutrición y el aprovechamiento escolar de los estudiantes por estrato. De acuerdo a cada estrato, se observó el grado de correlación entre desnutrición y aprovechamiento escolar. En los dos estratos de menor ingreso de primaria y secundaria de las dos localidades, se presentó un mayor grado de correlación entre desnutrición y bajo aprovechamiento escolar, aunque no de forma significativa. Los...
Palavras-chave: Pobreza; Desnutrición; Aprovechamiento escolar; Políticas públicas; Tepetlaoxtoc; Poverty; Malnutrition; School performance; Public policies; Doctorado; Desarrollo Rural.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/236

Los medios de vida de la comunidad rural Las Lomas de Tacojalpa, Minatitlán Veracruz.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Gallegos Luría, Jorge Rogelio.
La pobreza es uno de los problemas que incide en muchas comunidades rurales de México. Las Lomas de Tacojalpa en Minatitlán, Ver., no escapa a esta situación. A nivel mundial una metodología empleada es la de Medios de Vida Sostenibles (MVS). Esta investigación utilizo el marco de MVS  para analizar los medios de vida y estrategias empleadas para hacer frente a la pobreza en que se encuentran inmersos los hogares de la comunidad rural de Las Lomas. El objetivo fue analizar el contexto de vulnerabilidad y la forma en que lo enfrentan los hogares de la comunidad e identificar la fortalezas de los activos o capitales; humano, social, natural, físico y financiero a los que tienen acceso. Se utilizaron métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos  para recabar la...
Palavras-chave: Sustentabilidad; Pobreza; Vulnerabilidad; Capitales; Estrategias; Sustainable livelihoods; Sustainability; Poverty; Vulnerability; Capitals; Strategies; Development; Producción Agroalimentaria en el Trópico; Maestría; Medios de vida sostenibles.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/765

Diversificación del ingreso rural, su relación con la pobreza y la productividad del trabajo.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Sánchez González, Miguel Angel.
El objetivo de la investigación es analizar los elementos de la diversificación del ingreso  incidentes en el comportamiento de la pobreza y la productividad del trabajo. La información se extrajo por medio de una encuesta, con el empleo del muestreo aleatorio simple; los métodos estadísticos utilizados fueron la regresión logística como método principal y, la regresión lineal  como instrumento de comprobación de consistencia estadística. La diversificación del ingreso impacta el comportamiento de la pobreza hacia su reducción, las variables con más peso en dicha afirmación son las remesas y la diversificación del ingreso en la parcela. Las variables como el tamaño de la familia, el número de dependientes económicos, el nivel de estudio promueven la salida...
Palavras-chave: Diversificación del ingreso; Pobreza; Productividad del trabajo; Diversification of income; Poverty; Labor productivity; Maestría; Economía.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/694

Desarrollo de capacidades femeninas, el caso de las mujeres integrantes de la sociedad de productores indígenas ecológicos Sierra Negra S. C.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Muñoz Rodríguez, Carolina.
El proceso de desarrollo debe ser visto como la expansión de las libertades fundamentales. Dentro de las libertades fundamentales se encuentra el desarrollo de capacidades de las personas. El presente trabajo se realizó con mujeres integrantes de la SPIESN S. C. Eloxochitlan, San Sebastián Tlacotepec, Coyomeapan y Zoquitlan municipios ubicados en la región Sierra Negra del Estado de Puebla. El objetivo general de la investigación es describir, identificar y conocer cuáles han sido los beneficios alcanzados a partir de la intervención institucional y las limitaciones que han enfrentado las mujeres para que se dé el desarrollo de capacidades. La metodología utilizada fue cuanti-cualitativa con perspectiva de género. Los resultados indican que las mujeres...
Palavras-chave: Libertad; Capacidades; Pobreza; Género; Etnia; Freedom; Capacities; Poverty; Gender; Ethnicity; Maestría; Desarrollo Rural; CEDERU.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/69

Política agrícola y heladas en el medio rural : caso de los productores de maíz en Tlachichuca, Puebla.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Ramírez Huerta, Mónica.
El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la distribución espacial de las heladas en el estado de Puebla y la importancia de la política agrícola ante las heladas en la producción de maíz de temporal en el municipio de Tlachichuca, Puebla en 2011. En la investigación se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, recorridos de campo y se elaboró una base de datos para relacionar la presencia de heladas y pobreza en los 217 municipios del estado de Puebla, también se aplicó un cuestionario a 76 agricultores afectados por helada en Tlachichuca. Los resultados mostraron que espacialmente la mayor superficie dañada en el cultivo del maíz y con alto porcentaje de pobreza en su población fue el Valle de Serdán. En el municipio de Tlachichuca, el 94.7% de los...
Palavras-chave: Agricultura de temporal; Campesino; Pobreza; Siniestro; Peasant; Poverty; Seasonal agriculture; Sinister; Maestría; EDAR; Estrategias para el Desarrollo Agrícola Regional.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/2095

Desarrollo de capacidades femeninas, el caso de las mujeres integrantes de la sociedad de productores indígenas ecológicos Sierra Negra S. C.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Muñoz Rodríguez, Carolina.
El proceso de desarrollo debe ser visto como la expansión de las libertades fundamentales. Dentro de las libertades fundamentales se encuentra el desarrollo de capacidades de las personas. El presente trabajo se realizó con mujeres integrantes de la SPIESN S. C. Eloxochitlan, San Sebastián Tlacotepec, Coyomeapan y Zoquitlan municipios ubicados en la región Sierra Negra del Estado de Puebla. El objetivo general de la investigación es describir, identificar y conocer cuáles han sido los beneficios alcanzados a partir de la intervención institucional y las limitaciones que han enfrentado las mujeres para que se dé el desarrollo de capacidades. La metodología utilizada fue cuanti-cualitativa con perspectiva de género. Los resultados indican que las mujeres...
Palavras-chave: Libertad; Capacidades; Pobreza; Género; Etnia; Freedom; Capacities; Poverty; Gender; Ethnicity; Maestría; Desarrollo Rural; CEDERU.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/69

Climate Science, Development Practice, and Policy Interactions in Dryland Agroecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Twyman, Chasca; Department of Geography, University of Sheffield; Sheffield Centre for International Drylands Research; C.Twyman@shef.ac.uk; Fraser, Evan D. G.; Department of Geography, University of Guelph; University of Leeds; frasere@uoguelph.ca; Stringer, Lindsay C.; Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds; l.stringer@leeds.ac.uk; Quinn, C.; Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds; C.H.Quinn@leeds.ac.uk; Dougill, Andrew J.; Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds; a.j.dougill@leeds.ac.uk; Crane, Todd A.; Technology and Agrarian Development, Wageningen University ; todd.crane@wur.nl; Sallu, Susannah M.; Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds; s.sallu@leeds.ac.uk.
The literature on drought, livelihoods, and poverty suggests that dryland residents are especially vulnerable to climate change.  However, assessing this vulnerability and sharing lessons between dryland communities on how to reduce vulnerability has proven difficult because of multiple definitions of vulnerability, complexities in quantification, and the temporal and spatial variability inherent in dryland agroecological systems. In this closing editorial, we review how we have addressed these challenges through a series of structured, multiscale, and interdisciplinary vulnerability assessment case studies from drylands in West Africa, southern Africa, Mediterranean Europe, Asia, and Latin America. These case studies adopt a common vulnerability framework...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Drylands; Scenarios; Narratives; Development; Livelihoods; Poverty; Policy.
Ano: 2011

Resource degradation, marginalization, and poverty in small-scale fisheries: threats to social-ecological resilience in India and Brazil
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nayak, Prateep K.; Faculty of Environment, University of Waterloo; pnayak@uwaterloo.ca; Oliveira, Luiz E.; Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba; oliveira_lec@yahoo.com.br; Berkes, Fikret; Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba; Fikret.Berkes@ad.umanitoba.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Brazil; Degradation; Disempowerment; Exclusion; Exploitation; Fisheries; Human-environment disconnect; Identity; Impoverishment; India; Marginalization; Poverty; Resilience; Small-scale fishery; Social-ecological system.
Ano: 2014

Science for the Poor: How One Woman Challenged Researchers, Ranchers, and Loggers in Amazonia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Shanley, Patricia; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); p.shanley@cgiar.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Amazon; Communication; Forestry; Impact; Nontimber forest products (NTFPs); Poverty; Social change; Women.
Ano: 2006

Perceived Benefits of Fisheries Management Restrictions in Madagascar
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: McClanahan, Tim R.; Wildlife Conservation Society; tmcclanahan@wcs.org; Cinner, Joshua E.; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; joshua.cinner@jcu.edu.au; Abunge, Caroline; Wildlife Conservation Society;; Rabearisoa, Ando; Conservation International;; Mahatante, Paubert; University of Toliara;; Ramahatratra, Frederick; University of Toliara;; Andrianarivelo, Norbert; Wildlife Conservation Society;.
Perceptions of the benefits of fisheries management restrictions were evaluated in coastal Madagascar to identify restrictions that are likely to be self- and community enforced. The survey focused on 24 Malagasy fishing villages adjacent to coral reefs. Resource users' perceptions of the benefits of restrictions were generally high and widespread, but some less positive perceptions were found in three villages located near marine protected areas. Perceptions of the benefits of gear restrictions had widespread support; closed areas, seasons, and minimum sizes of fish were less common; and restrictions on species were supported infrequently. We therefore advocate a management implementation approach that uses these scales of perceived benefits and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Attitudes; Fisheries management; Marine protected area planning; Poverty; Social-ecological.
Ano: 2014

Poverty and Environmental Services: Case Study in Way Besai Watershed, Lampung Province, Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Suyanto, S.; World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF); suyanto@cgiar.org; Khususiyah, Noviana; World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF); Nkhususiyah@cgiar.org; Leimona, Beria; World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF); lberia@cgiar.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Coffee trees; Agroforestry; Environmental services; Equity; Poverty; Payment for environmental services; Watershed; Lampung Province; Indonesia.
Ano: 2007

Levels and drivers of fishers&amp;#8217; compliance with marine protected areas
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Arias, Adrian; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; adrian.arias@my.jcu.edu.au; Cinner, Joshua E.; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; joshua.cinner@jcu.edu.au; Jones, Rhondda E.; College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University; rhondda.jones@jcu.edu.au; Pressey, Robert L.; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; bob.pressey@jcu.edu.au.
Effective conservation depends largely on people&amp;#8217;s compliance with regulations. We investigate compliance through the lens of fishers&amp;#8217; compliance with marine protected areas (MPAs). MPAs are widely used tools for marine conservation and fisheries management. Studies show that compliance alone is a strong predictor of fish biomass within MPAs. Hence, fishers&amp;#8217; compliance is critical for MPA effectiveness. However, there are few empirical studies showing what factors influence fishers&amp;#8217; compliance with MPAs. Without such information, conservation planners and managers have limited opportunities to provide effective interventions. By studying 12 MPAs in a developing country (Costa Rica), we demonstrate the role that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Costa Rica; Illegal fishing; Livelihoods; Marine reserve; Poaching; Poverty.
Ano: 2015

Markets Drive the Specialization Strategies of Forest Peoples
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Belcher, Brian; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); b.belcher@cgiar.org; Achdiawan, Ramadhani; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); r.achdiawan@cgiar.org; Alexiades, Miguel; University of Kent at Canterbury; mna@kent.ac.uk; Campbell, Bruce; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); b.campbell@cgiar.org; Cunningham, Tony; World Wildlife Fund/UNESCO/Kew People and Plants Initiative; peopleplants@bigpond.com; Fantini, Alfredo; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; afantini@cca.ufsc.br; Gautam, Krishna H; Hokkaido University; khgautam@yahoo.com; de Jong, Wil; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); w.de-jong@cgiar.org; Kusters, Koen; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); k.kusters@cgiar.org; Kutty, M. Govindan; Sylva conS; sylvacon@md5.vsnl.net.id; Fu, Maoyi; Chinese Academy of Forestry; fmy@fy.hz.zj.cn; Nair, T.K. Raghavan; Sylva conS; tkrnair@hotmail.com; Ndoye, Ousseynou; CIFOR-Cameroon; o.ndoye@cgiar.org; Ocampo, Rafael; ; quassia@racsa.co.cr; Rai, Nitin; ; nitinrai@vsnl.com; Schreckenberg, Kate; Overseas Development Institute; k.schreckenberg@odi.org.uk; Shackleton, Sheona; Rhodes University; s.shackleton@ru.ac.za; Shanley, Patricia; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); p.shanley@cgiar.org; Sunderland, Terry; African Rattan Research Programme; afrirattan@aol.com; Youn, Yeo-Chang; Seoul National University; youn@snu.ac.kr.
Engagement in the market changes the opportunities and strategies of forest-related peoples. Efforts to support rural development need to better understand the potential importance of markets and the way people respond to them. To this end, we compared 61 case studies of the commercial production and trade of nontimber forest products from Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The results show that product use is shaped by local markets and institutions, resource abundance, and the relative level of development. Larger regional patterns are also important. High-value products tend to be managed intensively by specialized producers and yield substantially higher incomes than those generated by the less specialized producers of less managed, low-value products....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Commercialization; Forest use; Market development; Nontimber forest products; Poverty; Resource management; Specialization.
Ano: 2004

Comments on "Genetically Modified Crops: Risks and Promise" by Gordon Conway
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Gadgil, Madhav; Indian Institute of Science; madhav@ces.iisc.ernet.in.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Citizen science; Exclusion; Global development; Green revolution; New culture; Plant biotechnology; Poverty; Public participation.
Ano: 2000

Why Forests Are Important for Global Poverty Alleviation: a Spatial Explanation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sunderlin, William D; Rights and Resources Group; Center for International Forestry Research; wsunderlin@rightsandresources.org; Dewi, Sonya; World Agroforestry Centre;; Puntodewo, Atie; Center for International Forestry Research;; Angelsen, Arild; Norwegian University of Life Sciences; Center for International Forestry Research;; Epprecht, Michael; Swiss National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) "North-South", University of Berne;.
Forests have been declared important for the well-being of the poor because of the kinds of goods and services that they provide. We asked whether forests are important for the poor not only because of the kinds of goods and services they provide, but also because they tend to be located where the poor are. We conducted a spatial analysis to ascertain the degree of spatial association between poverty and forests in seven countries: Brazil, Honduras, Malawi, Mozambique, Uganda, Indonesia, and Vietnam. For most of these countries, there was a significant positive correlation between high natural forest cover and high poverty rate (the percentage of the population that is poor) and between high forest cover and low poverty density (the number of poor per unit...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Deforestation; Forest; Poverty; Spatial analysis.
Ano: 2008

Sweet, Sticky, and Sustainable Social Business
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ingram, Verina; Centre for International Forestry Research; University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; v.ingram@cgiar.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Apiculture; Cameroon; Nontimber forest products (NTFPs); Poverty; Value chain.
Ano: 2011

Evaluating the Household Level Outcomes of Community Based Natural Resource Management: the Tchuma Tchato Project and Kwandu Conservancy
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Suich, Helen; Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University; Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University; helen.suich@anu.edu.au.
Community based natural resource management (CBNRM) programs aim to link the achievement of conservation objectives with those of rural development and poverty alleviation. However, after more than a decade of implementation in southern Africa, there is remarkably little rigorous analysis of their achievements with respect to these goals. An evaluation of two CBNRM interventions, the Tchuma Tchato Project in Mozambique and the Kwandu Conservancy in Namibia,  measured the impacts at the household level using multidimensional poverty indices. The analysis found no positive impacts on the multiple dimensions of poverty arising from the Tchuma Tchato initiative in Mozambique. In Kwandu Conservancy in Namibia, positive impacts were felt only on household...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Community based natural resource management; Impact evaluation; Mozambique; Namibia; Poverty.
Ano: 2013

Poverty and development.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: COSTA, P. da; COSTA, J. R. da; SILVA, A. P. da; CAVALCANTE, A. C. R.; WANDELLI, E. V.; TAVARES, E. D.; BIANCHINI, F.; BELTRAO, S. L. L.
This book is about poverty eradication, addressed in the first United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). Poverty is considered the main challenge to achieving global targets. This SDG aims to end poverty in all its forms everywhere.
Tipo: Parte de livro
Palavras-chave: Desigualdade social; Erradicação da pobreza; Pobreza; Desenvolvimento Sustentável; Agricultura Familiar; Segurança Alimentar; Rural poverty; Poverty.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1122561

Contributions of Embrapa to poverty eradication.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: WANDELLI, E. V.; ABREU, L. S. de; TAVARES, E. D.; BIANCHINI, F.; SILVA, A. P. da; BELTRAO, S. L. L.; FERREIRA, M. do S. G.
This chapter presents solutions related to the sustainable agrifood systems developed by Embrapa that contribute to the following targets of the Sustainable Development Goal 1 (SDG 1) (United Nations, 2018): Target 1.1) ?By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day?; and target 1.2) ?By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions.
Tipo: Parte de livro
Palavras-chave: Eradicação da pobreza; Sistema agroalimentare sustentável; Embrapa; Pobreza; Desenvolvimento Sustentável; Políticas Públicas; Segurança Alimentar; Poverty; Rural development; Rural poverty; Rural communities; Rural population.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1122595

Atelier ORIXAS: Projeto Tripartite África/Brasil/França: luta contra a desertificação: promoção da segurança alimentar e redução da pobreza.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: LOIREAU, M.; CARVALHO JUNIOR, W. de; CORREIA, J. R.; LIBOUREL, T.; FARGETTE, M.; CALDERANO FILHO, B.; KHATRA, N. B.; KHIARI, H.; SGHAIER, M.; DAVID, G.; MITJA, D.; MERTENS, B.; PEREIRA, N. R.; ACCIOLY, L. J. de O.; CUNHA, T. J. F.; DELAÎTRE, E.; CHAGAS, C. da S.; BHERING, S. B.; DÉRIOZ, P.; WÉLÉ, A.; FAYE, A.; BROU, T.; ILTIS, J.
No âmbito do Programa de Cooperação Científica Tripartite entre a Agence Inter-établissements de Recherche pourle Développement (AIRD), Agence Panafricaine de la Grande Muraille Verte (APGMV) e o Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), o projeto ORIXAS "Observatórios Regionais Integrados de Regiões Árida, Semiáridas e Sub-úmidas secas" concebido em uma visão transversal, foca principalmente em metodologias e ferramentas para apoiar dispositivos de monitoramento ambiental para ser aplicado nos países inseridos na iniciativa africana Grande Muralha Verde - GMV (Burkina-Faso, Djibouti, Érythrée, Éthiopie, Mali, Mauritanie, Niger, Nigeria, Sénégal, Soudan, Tchad) e tem como objetivo desenvolver abordagens metodológicas e produtos...
Tipo: Folhetos
Palavras-chave: Projeto ORIXAS; Desertificação; Segurança alimentar; Pobreza; Desertification; Food safety; Poverty.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1010038

O papel da tecnologia no desenvolvimento sustentável, redução da pobreza e conservação do meio ambiente na Amazônia.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: VALENTIM, J. F.
Este trabalho tem como objetivo responder a duas perguntas: 1) Por que as atividades agropecuárias, florestais e extrativistas desenvolvidas na Amazônia não têm uma base tecnológica adequada? 2) Como a geração e transferência de tecnologias e a integração regional podem ter impactos positivos na promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável, redução da pobreza e conservação do meio ambiente?
Tipo: Folhetos
Palavras-chave: Desarrollo sustentable; Desenvolvimento Sustentável; Meio Ambiente; Pobreza; Redução; Amazonia; Sustainable development; Environment; Poverty.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/492533

Improving animal health and incentive of hygiene management: Case study in Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 19
Autores: Kono, H; 耕野, 拓一.
Incidence of animal diseases, such as Hog Cholera and Pasteurella, was found in our field survey of 100 pig farmers in T.T.Hue province in Vietnam Thirty five (36%) of surveyed farmers are in poverty according to the 2005 poverty standard in Vietnam. Low income farmer has a large income share from pig production. We suggest that the increase of pig deaths in low income farms will raise the risk to fall into poverty. Improvement of animal health service, especially for low income farmers, will be important for poverty reduction in rural area in Vietnam. Vietnamese pork distribution is in a state of so-called information asymmetry. In order to solve the problem of information asymmetry, it is necessary to fulfill the requirements of incentive compatibility....
Palavras-chave: Animal health; Incentive; Poverty; Principal-agent; Vietnam.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/2734

The Pacom Annual Report (2001/2002) To Start Ssc
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Odada, E.O.; OLago, D.O.
At the beginning of the new millennium Africa is characterized by two interrelated features: rising poverty levels and deepening environmental degradation. Africa is the poorest region of the world. It has the largest share of people living on less than US $1 per day. Almost 40% of the people in Africa live below the poverty line. At least one-third of Africa’s population is undernourished and that number is also growing. Africa is the only region of the world where poverty is projected to rise during this century if adequate measures are not urgently taken. Of the 45 countries on the UNDP list of Low Human Development Indicators, 35 are in Africa. Indeed two-thirds of the 48 countries included in the list of Least Developed Countries are in Africa....
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental degradation; Poverty; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6151.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/294

Niger: Bringing Fishing Communities Out of  Poverty
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Talatou, H.; Soumana, A.
The fisheries sector in Niger is an important component of rural development. Its contribution to the national economy and poverty alleviation is significant. However, the sector is still either marginalised or ignored when development and poverty alleviation policies are drawn up and other public policies implemented. In the run-up to the National Partners’ Forum on the Poverty Reduction Strategy, a national discussion workshop on fisheries was felt to be an urgent need so the Niger National Coordination Unit organized one at the beginning of June 2003.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Sustainable fishing; Rural development; Poverty; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6701; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6151.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/919

Gender, Rights And Poverty Issues:Lessons For The Sector
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Harrison, E.
In its 1997 White Paper1, DFID establishes that poverty alleviation is central to its development strategy. The notions of gender and human rights figure strongly as part of this strategy. Gender equality is seen as key to poverty alleviation, as are mechanisms to ensure that basic human rights are met. These principles are also re-iterated by other international organisations in key policy documents such as the OECD s  Shaping the 21st Century 2. The international interest in gender, poverty and rights reflects a number of related but not necessarily always compatible concerns. Because women often suffer most from poverty and a lack of ability to exercise their rights, it seems to make sense to consider these three issues together. But this may...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Socioeconomic aspects; Poverty; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6151.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/801

Fighting Poverty Together: The Gambia
Provedor de dados: 20
ActionAid began operating in The Gambia in 1979. We work mainly with subsistence farmers in over 600 villages in three rural areas, shown on the map below. Groundnuts provide 85 per cent of the country’s export earnings. The main food crops are maize and rice, but poor people living in rural areas cannot produce enough food for themselves. This is due to inappropriate farming techniques, environmental degradation and natural disasters, such as drought and floods. The removal of agricultural subsidies and liberalisation of the groundnut trade in the 1980s caused increased hardship for farmers. Low levels of literacy, leading to lack of skills and slow technological progress, also cause poverty.
Tipo: Other
Palavras-chave: Rural development; Poverty; Groundnuts; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6151; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_11368.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/687

Poverty profiles of artisanal fishers: methods based on the SLA model
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Pittaluga, F.; Corcoran, E.; Senahoun, J.
The vast literature about poverty is organized around various ways of understanding this complex phenomenon. Income, exclusion/inclusion, levels of well-being, deprivation indices, access to material goods are only few of the conceptual tools that have been utilized as measures of poverty. The manner in which poverty is measured reflects fundamental assumptions as to its nature and causes (see Thorpe Chapter 2). Usually, poverty measurements and subsequent policy/programme implications, depend on what facets or angles of poverty are being addressed (Lok-Dessallien 1997)
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Fishermen; Poverty; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6151.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/827

Being Poor, Feeling Poorer: Combining Objective and Subjective Measures of Welfare in Albania
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carletto,   Calogero; Zezza,   Alberto.
As shown empirically for many transition economies, even small changes in assumptions on economies of size and adult equivalence scales are likely to produce significant changes in the analysis of poverty and its distribution across households and individuals. Since such exercises are then used to orient and prioritize policy actions (e.g. the targeting of scarce social assistance resources) it is important to refine our understanding of the extent to which poverty measures and the resulting profiles are sensitive to specific assumptions. In this paper we investigate how combining objective and subjective measures of welfare can provide insights that are helpful in addressing these questions, particularly with respect to the presence of economies of scale...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Poverty Measurement; Subjective Poverty; Equivalence Scales; Economies of Scale in Consumption; Albania.; Food Security and Poverty; I31; I32; O52; D60.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23801

Prospects of Feed Crops in Southeast Asia: Alternatives to Alleviate Poverty Through Secondary Crops' Development; Proceedings of the Regional Workshop Held in Bogor, Indonesia, September 14-15, 2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lokollo,   Erna M.; Hutabarat,   Budiman.
Opening Address, by Yap Kioe Sheng; Prospects of Feed Crops in Southeast Asia: Alternatives to Alleviate Poverty through Secondary Crops' Development, by Erna M. Lokollo and Budiman Hutabarat; The Status and Prospects of Feed Crops in Indonesia, by Dewa K.S. Swastika, Made O.A. Manikmas, Bambang Sayaka, and Ketut Kariyasa; Comments on Country Report of Indonesia: "Prospect of Feed Crops in South East Asia: Alternatives to Alleviate Poverty through Secondary Crops' Development", by Kusuma Diwyanto;  Prospects of Feed Crops in Malaysia, by Tunku Mahmud bin Tunku Yahya and Sarmin bin Sukir;  Comments on Prospects of Feed Crops in Malaysia, by Ibrahim bin Che Embong;  Status and Prospects of Feed Crop Production in the Philippines, by Danilo C. Cardenas and...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Feed Crops; Poverty; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32728

Livelihoods, Growth, and Links to Market Towns in 15 Ethiopian Villages
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dercon,   Stefan; Hoddinott,   John.
Rural and urban spaces are usually regarded as “separate” in both development theory and practice. Yet there are myriad links between them. Urban areas, including regional urban centers such as local market towns, provide households with new opportunities to sell goods and services. These opportunities increase household income by employing previously unemployed household resources or because households reallocate household resources so as to take advantage of new, more profitable activities. Links to market towns improve the prices received by rural households because households can benefit from increased demand for their goods or because the larger market is better able to absorb production from rural areas without causing prices to decline. These links...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livelihoods; Transport; Poverty; Rural-urban linkages; Ethiopia; International Development; Marketing.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59596

HOW AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AFFECTS URBAN POVERTY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: THE CASE OF CHINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fan,   Shenggen; Fang,   Cheng; Zhang,   Xiaobo.
This paper develops a framework to measure the impact of agricultural research on urban poverty. Increased investments in agricultural R&amp;D can lower food prices by increasing food production, and lower food prices benefit the urban poor because they often spend more than 60% of their income on food. Application of the framework to China shows that these food price effects are large and that the benefits for the urban poor have been about as large as the benefits for the rural poor.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Developing countries; China; Agricultural research; Urban; Poverty; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16123

WASPA Asia: wastewater agriculture and sanitation for poverty alleviation in Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: International Water Management Institute (IWMI).
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Wastewater irrigation; Health hazards; Poverty; Sanitation; Development projects; Asia; Kolkata; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91467

Livelihood Diversification and Rural-Urban Linkages in Vietnam’s Red River Delta
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thanh,   Hoang Xuan; Anh,   Dang Nguyen; Tacoli,   Cecilia.
With high population density and limited land availability, Vietnam’s Red River Delta is undergoing a major transformation as its economic base moves away from subsistence farming towards intensive, high-value food production for export and local urban markets, and nonfarm employment. This paper describes the changing livelihoods of the residents of two villages that represent two different pathways to local economic development. One village relies primarily on agricultural intensification and diversification, although in combination with nonfarm activities. These nonfarm activities are either supplementary (such as handicraft production and seasonal migration) or related to farming, such as provision of agricultural services, transport and trade of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Migration; Diversification; Poverty; Rural-urban linkages; Vietnam; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59595

Mudanças nos Padrões dos Rendimentos de Agregados Familiares Rurais em Moçambique de 1996 a 2002 e suas Implicações para a Contribuição da Agricultura para a Redução da Pobreza
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boughton,   Duncan; Mather,   David; Tschirley,   David L.; Walker,   Thomas S.; Cunguara,   Benedito; Payongayong,   Ellen M.
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Directorate of Economics, Republic of Mozambique
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Mozambique; Household; Income; Poverty; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56067

Conflict, Food Price Shocks, and Food Insecurity: The experience of Afghan households
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: D'Souza,   Anna; Jolliffe,   Dean.
Revised version submitted December 2012.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Afghanistan; Food security; Conflict; Nutrition; Poverty; Spatial distribution; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; D12; I3.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123323

Effects of Poverty on Deforestation: Distinguishing Behavior from Location
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   Suzi; Pfaff,   Alexander S.P.; Cavatassi,   Romina; Davis,   Benjamin; Lipper,   Leslie; Sanchez,   Arturo; Timmins,   Jason.
We summarize existing theoretical claims linking poverty to rates of deforestation and then examine this linkage empirically for Costa Rica during the 20th century  using an econometric approach that addresses the irreversibilities in deforestation. Our data facilitate an empirical analysis of the implications for deforestation of where the poor live. Without controlling for this, impacts of poverty per se are confounded by richer areas being different from the areas inhabited by the poor, who we expect to find on more marginal lands, for instance less profitable lands.  Controlling for locations' characteristics, we find that poorer areas are cleared more rapidly.  This result suggests that poverty reduction aids forest conservation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Use; Deforestation; Poverty; Climate Change; Development; Costa Rica.; Food Security and Poverty; I32; O13; Q51; Q54; Q56.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23792

Globalization and Poverty in Senegal: A Worst Case Scenario?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maertens,   Miet; Colen,   Liesbeth; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
There is no consensus about how globalization –trade and foreign investments – affects poverty reduction. Using household survey data, this study contributes to the empirical literature on globalization and poverty by analyzing the household-level implications of increased foreign investments and trade in the horticulture sector in Senegal. In many aspects this represents what many would consider a “worst-case scenario”. Stringent rich country standards are imposed on exports and the supply chain is controlled by a single multinational company with extreme levels of supply base consolidation, full vertical integration and complete exclusion of smallholder suppliers. We analyze and quantify income and poverty effects under these “worst-case conditions” and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade; FDI; Poverty; Vertical coordination; Modern supply chains; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; F2; J43; O12; Q12; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51668

Property rights and crop choice in rural Peru, 1994-2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Field,   Alfred J.; Field,   Erica Marie; Torero,   Maximo.
The period of 1994 to 2004 was one in which rural households in Peru experienced dramatic changes in ownership rights through a large nation-wide land titling program and a significant opening of the economy to international trade. This paper takes this prime opportunity to examine whether lack of ownership rights presents a significant barrier to the adoption of commercial crops and/or modern farming practices as a result to changes which reduced domestic market distortions, opened up the economy and thereby presumably altered relative prices between traditional agricultural crops and those produced primarily for export. To the extent that participation was quasi-exogenous to other household features influencing production choices, the titling program...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Rural households; International trade; Property rights; Land rights; Titling; Adoption; Commercial crops; Exports; Indigenous crops; Poverty; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58569

Treadle pump irrigation and poverty in Ghana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adeoti,   Adetola I.; Barry,   Boubacar; Namara,   Regassa E.; Kamara,   Abdul B.; Titiati,   Atsu.
Treadle pump (TP) technology has been promoted by Enterprise Works Worldwide (EWW) as an alternative to the traditional rope and bucket irrigation that is necessary to overcome the challenge of uncertain and inadequate rainfall for agricultural production. The aim is to improve output, increase incomes and reduce poverty among farm households. This study examines the strategies used for dissemination of the TP and the dynamics of its adoption and impacts, with a special focus on poverty reduction. The results of the study reveal that time and labor savings for irrigation, increased size of irrigated areas and lack of fuel requirements are the attractive features of the TP for those who adopt it. Adoption of TP increases land and labor productivities; and...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Manual pumps; Irrigation systems; Water lifting; Poverty; Farm income; Gender; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44520

Nonfarm Employment and Poverty Reduction in Rural Ghana: A Propensity-Score Matching Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Owusu,   Victor; Abdulai,   Awudu.
This article investigates the impact of nonfarm employment on farm household income and way out of poverty, using farm household data from Brong-Ahafo region of Ghana. A propensity score matching model is used to evaluate the impact participating in both wage and self-employment. Separate estimates are also provided for males and females. The results from the study show that nonfarm employment has a positive and robust effect on farm household income and a negative and significant effect on the likelihood of being poor. Self-employment was found to have much higher impacts than wage employment, reflecting the fact that most employment opportunities in the rural areas are in the former sector.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Non-farm employment; Poverty; Matching; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51363

Pathways into and out of Poverty:  A Study of Household Wealth Dynamics in Rural Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muyanga,   Milu; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Burke,   William J.
For the past half-century, African governments and development agencies have experimented with a series of alternative approaches for addressing rural poverty, each giving way to a new paradigm as the persistence of poverty created disillusionment with prevailing approaches. These broad strategies included ‘growth and trickle down’ in the 1960s; basic human needs and state-led integrated rural development in the 1970s; structural adjustment and economic liberalization in the 1980s and 1990s; and, since 2000, a heterodox mix of donor budget support to empower government ownership in the design of participatory poverty reduction strategies, and resurgent interest in agricultural development. However, rural poverty in most of Sub-Saharan Africa appears to be...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Assets; Shocks; Intergenerational transfers; Kenya; Food Security and Poverty; International Development.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103377

ANÁLISE EXPLORATÓRIA DE DADOS ESPACIAL DA INCIDÊNCIA DE POBREZA NA ILHA DE SANTIAGO DE CABO VERDE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baptista,   Antonio Jose Medina dos Santos; Santos,   Cristiane Marcia.
Combater a pobreza sempre foi um objetivo presente em grande parte das políticas publicas implementadas em Cabo Verde. Esse tema tem despertado atenção da comunidade de investigadores, que ao longo do tempo enriqueceram o acervo de documentos de analise da pobreza. O presente artigo teve a pretensão de analisar a incidência da pobreza em Cabo Verde especificamente na identificação de cluster de pobreza e indicação da dependência espacial da incidência da pobreza na Ilha de Santiago. Os resultados permitiram evidenciar a existência de padrões espaciais distintos em relação à incidência da pobreza. Os vizinhos tendem a apresentar valores semelhantes entre, si e diferentes das demais localidades relativamente mais afastadas. Uma das principais conclusões do...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pobreza; Cabo Verde; Heterogeneidade espacial; Dependência espacial; Poverty; Cape Verde; Space heterogeneity; Spatial dependence; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113180

Monitoring Poverty without Consumption Data: an Application Using the Albania Panel Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Azzarri,   Carlo; Carletto,   Calogero; Davis,   Benjamin; Zezza,   Alberto.
In developing countries poverty is generally measured with expenditure data. Such data are difficult and costly to obtain and it is generally recommended to collect them every 3-5 years. In between surveys, however, there is a clear need to provide policymakers with information for the monitoring of poverty trends. The paper reviews several such methods and compares the poverty estimates and trends resulting from their application to a panel dataset for Albania. The results are broadly consistent across methods and point to an overall improvement in welfare conditions over time, although the magnitude of the changes differs by locale, with urban areas showing a larger improvement than their rural counterparts.  However, given the sensitivity of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Welfare; Asset index; Poverty measurement; Poverty monitoring.; Food Security and Poverty; O12; O18; O47; R11.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23809

THE IMPACT OF AGROFORESTRY-BASED SOIL FERTILITY REPLENISHMENT PRACTICES ON THE POOR IN WESTERN KENYA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Place,   Frank; Adato,   Michelle; Hebinck,   Paul; Omosa,   Mary.
This case study explores the relationships between agroforestry-based soil fertility replenishment (SFR) systems (improved fallows and biomass transfer) and poverty reduction in rural western Kenya. It further examines the role that different dissemination approaches play in conditioning which segments of society gain access to information to the technologies and then uses them. The study made use of many different qualitative and quantitative data collection methods and samples from both pilot areas where researchers maintained a significant presence and nonpilot areas where farmers learned of the technologies through other channels. Adoption processes were analyzed quantitatively using almost 2,000 households. Qualitative methods included case studies...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Agricultural research; Sustainable livelihoods; Vulnerability; Agricultural extension; Social capital; Soil fertility replenishment; Agroforestry; Kenya; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16400

Profil de pauvreté et filets de sécurité des riziculteurs dans les zones d’introduction des NERICA au Togo : cas de la région des plateaux
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Komi,   Tsogonnin.
Cette étude vise à évaluer l’état de pauvreté des riziculteurs en vue d’apprécier leurs capacités de gestion des risques auxquels ils sont exposés. Une enquête a permis de collecter des données dans 14 villages sur un échantillon de 183 ménages riziculteurs dans la région des plateaux au Togo. La formule de Foster Greer et de Thorbecke (FGT) a été utilisée pour calculer les indicateurs de pauvreté au sein de ces ménages. Les indicateurs de pauvreté sont élevés et témoignent l’extrême pauvreté qui règne au sein de ces ménages. L’incidence de la pauvreté, la profondeur de la pauvreté et la sévérité de la pauvreté sont respectivement 92,59%, 14,90% et 7,51% pour les producteurs de NERICA contre 96,15%, 32,50% et 12,73% pour les autres producteurs. Les...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pauvreté; Dépenses de consommations; Ménage; NERICA; Risque; Filets de sécurité; Poverty; Consumer expenditure; Household; NERICA; Risk; Safety nets; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97091

POVERTY, POLICY, AND THE MACROECONOMY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: LeBlanc,   Michael.
This report is an empirical inquiry into how poverty is changed by the macroeconomy.  The analysis suggests low real wage rates and not the unemployment rate are the most important determinant of poverty in the long run.  Changes in output and unemployment primarily affect cyclical or shortun poverty.  The empirical results weaken the belief that output growth acting alone will significantly and permanently reduce poverty in the United States.  Instead, the results suggest combining economic growth strategies with targeted interventions that may lie outside the traditional sphere of monetary and fiscal policy.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Unemployment; Wages; Economic growth; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33584

Collective Action and Vulnerability: Burial Societies in Rural Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dercon,   Stefan; Hoddinott,   John; Krishnan,   Pramila; Woldehanna,   Tassew.
Collective action can help individuals, groups, and communities achieve common goals, thus contributing to poverty reduction. Drawing on longitudinal household and qualitative community data, the authors examine the impact of shocks on household living standards, study the correlates of participation in groups and formal and informal networks, and discuss the relationship of networks with access to other forms of capital. In this context, they assess how one form of collective action, iddir, or burial societies, help households attenuate the impact of illness. They find that iddir effectively deal with problems of asymmetric information by restricting membership geographically, imposing a membership fee, and conducting checks on how the funds were spent....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Burial societies; Shocks; Vulnerability; Poverty; Networks; Ethiopia; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44356

Groundwater policy: issues and alternatives in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moench,   Marcus.
This paper reviews policy-related issues discussed in recent conferences that will affect groundwater development and management efforts in South Asia. Emphasis is given to policy issues surrounding emerging groundwater depletion and quality concerns, and issues concerning the equitable development of groundwater for poverty alleviation. The paper outlines the range of services that depend on groundwater resources and outlines the range of services that depend on groundwater resources to provide these services, and the complications stemming from the fragmented approach taken to water management throughout the region. A range of responses dealing with the management of the physical system is identified. In conclusion , the paper discusses institutional...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Groundwater management; Groundwater extraction; Water policy; Monitoring; Environment; Poverty; Aquifers; Case studies; Salinity; Salt water intrusion; Water quality; Pollution; Water market; Water use efficiency; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113620

Has Economic Growth in Mozambique Been Pro-Poor?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: James,   Robert C.; Arndt,   Channing; Simler,   Kenneth R.
Using 1996–97 and 2002–03 nationally representative household surveys, we examine the extent to which growth in Mozambique has been pro-poor. While all sections of society enjoyed a rapid annual increase in consumption between the sample periods, the rate of growth in consumption was slightly higher for richer households. This has led to a moderate increase in inequality at the national level, as demonstrated by the rise in the Gini coefficient from 0.40 to 0.42. However, this slight increase in inequality is not statistically significant, and its impact on poverty reduction efforts is small: the poverty headcount would have been 53.0 percent in 2002–03 if all sections of society had enjoyed the mean growth rate in consumption, compared with the 54.1...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Inequality; Poverty; Growth; Mozambique; Food Security and Poverty; International Development.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59288

Rural America At A Glance, 2008 Edition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kusmin,   Lorin D.
Rural America At A Glance, 2008 Edition highlights the most recent indicators of social and economic conditions in rural areas for use in developing policies and programs to assist rural areas. The 2008 edition focuses on employment, poverty, population change, and demographic characteristics of nonmetro areas.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Rural indicators; Population; Employment; Rural unemployment; Nonmetropolitan; Nonmetro; Rural economy; Metro; Rural America; Census data; Population growth; Employment; Unemployment; Poverty; Demographics; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59019

Comparing Food and Cash Transfers to the Ultra Poor in Bangladesh
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ahmed,   Akhter U.; Quisumbing,   Agnes R.; Nasreen,   Mahbuba; Hoddinott,   John; Bryan,   Elizabeth.
Bangladesh has some social safety net programs that transfer food to the poor, some that transfer cash, and some that provide a combination of both. This study evaluates the relative impacts of food and cash transfers on food security and livelihood outcomes among the ultra poor in Bangladesh. The programs impacts are evaluated according to various measures, including how well transfers are delivered; which transfers beneficiaries prefer; how accurately the programs target the extremely poor; effects on food security, livelihoods, and women’s empowerment; and cost effectiveness. The report identifies what has and has not worked in food and cash transfers and recommends ways of improving these programs. This study will be valuable to policymakers and others...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Safety net programs; Food security; Women empowerment; Poverty reduction; Cash transfers; Cost effectiveness; Poverty; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92803

Diagnosis and the management constituency of small-scale fisheries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Evans,   Louisa; Andrew,   Neil.
Diagnosis and adaptive management can help improve the ability of small-scale fisheries (SSF) in the developing world to better cope with and adapt to both external drivers and internal sources of uncertainty. This paper presents a framework for diagnosis and adaptive management and discusses ways of implementing the first two phases of learning: diagnosis and mobilising an appropriate management constituency. The discussion addresses key issues and suggests suitable approaches and tools as well as numerous sources of further information. Diagnosis of a SSF defines the system to be managed, outlines the scope of the management problem in terms of threats and opportunities, and aims to construct realistic and desired future projections for the fishery....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Fishery management; Developing countries; Participatory approach; Artisanal fishing; Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53030

Analysis of Poverty Alleviation Model of Advancing Entire Villages - A Case Study of Ningxia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guo,   Wei.
This paper gives an overview of the development-oriented poverty alleviation of advancing entire villages in Ningxia, and then relates the implementation of 1 000-village poverty alleviation program of Ningxia by stages as follows: at the first stage (2005-2006) , 203 villages began to implement the first development-oriented poverty alleviation program of advancing entire village; at the second stage (2007-2008), the second development-oriented poverty alleviation program of advancing entire villages was implemented. By empirical analysis, the main experience in the process of implementing poverty alleviation model of advancing entire villages is generalized as follows: strengthen the support and help degree and frame feasible implementation planning;...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Advancing entire villages; Specific measures; Ningxia; China; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118313

Pathways Into and Out of Poverty and the Role of Livestock in the Peruvian Andes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kristjanson,   Patricia; Krishna,   Anirudh; Radeny,   Maren; Kuan,   Judith.
In many rural areas, livestock are a critical asset for poor households, acting as a bank account, insurance policy and a source of income. Research methods leading to a better understanding of the role of livestock in household poverty dynamics are scarce, however, and are needed for better formulation of targeted pro-poor policies and interventions in regions where livestock are a key element of rural livelihood strategies. We utilized multiple methods, including Stages of Progress and household surveys, giving us a combination of qualitative and quantitative results. We examined how, over the last 10 and 25 years, households have moved into and out of poverty in 40 rural communities in two different highland regions of Peru, and explored in-depth the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Participatory research; Poverty; Stages of Progress; Livestock; Livelihoods; Food Security and Poverty; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25451

Locating the poor: Spatially disaggregated poverty maps for Sri Lanka
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Amarasinghe,   Upali A.; Samad,   Madar; Anputhas,   Markandu.
This report presents the results of subnational poverty estimation using aggregate poverty statistics and how they can help policy interventions. In particular, they estimate the poverty map across the DS division level in Sri Lanka. The poverty map depicts the proportion of households below the poverty line, which is based on household expenditure for food for obtaining the minimum calorie requirement.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Mapping; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44546

Agriculture in Post-War Bosnia and Herzegovina: Social Buffer vs. Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bojnec,   Stefan.
This paper draws attention to the specific post-civil-war situation in agriculture and the food sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&amp;H). These developments are presented in an association with the overall situation in the country. Due to economic and non-economic reasons, B&amp;H faces a general problem of a lack of international competitiveness. In a current situation, there are rare products to be internationally competitive and the country relies on imports of food and other products. During the post-civil-war emergency and reconstruction stage, the bulk of food and agricultural inputs, were donated or granted by different governments, humanitarian organizations, and donors to mitigate the effects of widespread poverty caused by the war destructions...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Social buffer; Land leasing; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Agribusiness; Q15; Q18; O13; O52.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24726

FARM HOUSEHOLD INCOMES AND REFORMING THE CAP
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Frahan,   Bruno Henry de; Nkunzimana,   Tharcisse; De Blander,   Rembert; Gaspart,   Frederic; Sumner,   Daniel A.
Low and variable farm income has been a main rationale for heavy government intervention in agricultural markets and income transfers to farmers whether in Europe in response to disruptive agricultural imports and low world prices at the end of the 19th century or in the US in response to the Great Depression. While the future of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is again discussed and new directions are examined, it is fundamental to know to what extent low and variable farm income is still a problem in contemporary European agriculture and a valid rationale for designing the new CAP. In this context, this paper first examines the income level and distribution of farm households compared to those of non-farm households for a selection of OECD...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm household income; Poverty; Common Agricultural Policy; European Union; OECD.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Political Economy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q10; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44814

Do equal land and water rights benefit the poor? Targeted irrigation development:  The case of the Andhi Khola Irrigation Scheme in Nepal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Etten,   Jacobijn; van Koppen,   Barbara; Pun,   Shuku.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Irrigation programs; Water rights; Poverty; Households; Surveys; Water allocation; Water distribution; Water users’ associations; Farmers; Landlessness; Land ownership; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92697

Assessing the Feasibility of Implementing the Farmer Input Support Programme (FISP) Through an Electronic Voucher System in Zambia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sitko,   Nicholas J.; Bwalya,   Richard; Kamwanga,   Jolly; Wamulume,   Mukata.
A number of problems plague the current Farmer Input Support Programme (FISP), including: late delivery of inputs; distribution of standardized inputs that may not be appropriate for all agro-ecological zones or soil types; crowding out of private sector; poor targeting, and; high cost to the government treasury.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Food Security; Food Policy; Poverty; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Marketing.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123210

Global Food Price Volatility and Spikes: An Overview of Costs, Causes, and Solutions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: von Braun,   Joachim; Tadesse,   Getaw.
Since the 2007–08 food crisis, many thoughtful analyses have addressed the causes and impacts of high and volatile international food prices and proposed solutions to the crisis. These studies have covered global as well as local food price dynamics and policy reactions. The food price problem is, however, far-reaching, and its impacts are wide and interrelated. The price formation mechanism has become highly complex and dynamic. Policy actions are politically and economically sensitive. This situation calls for continuous and comprehensive assessments of the problem to provide timely and evidence-based knowledge for policy makers. This paper reviews existing evidence and theories and presents new thoughts and insights from analyses to enlighten the course...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Prices; Volatility; Poverty; Food policy; Speculation; Economic crises; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; I38; O13; O16; Q11; Q18.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120021

Asymmetric Response of Nutrient Intakes to Cereal Price Changes among the Poor in China: Implications for the Effect of Cereal Price Subsidies on the Poor’s Nutrient Intakes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shimokawa,   Satoru.
Previous studies commonly assume that the effects of introducing and ending cereal price subsidies on the poor’s nutrient intakes are symmetric. We question the assumption of symmetry and show that the poor’s nutrient intakes respond asymmetrically to declines and increases in the price of cereal in China. Our results imply that introducing cereal price subsidies can increase the poor’s total energy intake by increasing their calorie intakes from fat and protein, and that ending such subsidies would insignificantly affect the poor’s total energy intake; however, it may further increase their calorie intakes from fat and protein.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food price subsidy; Nutrition; Poverty; Asia; China; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; I38; O12; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51661

Ecosystems for water and food security. [Background paper]
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Agroecosystems; Agriculture; Food security; Food production; Water scarcity; Water management; Water productivity; Wetlands; Water use; Decision making; Environmental flows; Developing countries; Hunger; Poverty; Fisheries; Climate change; Agroforestry; Biodiversity; Rangelands; Livestock; Rainfed farming; Policy; Landscape; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Production Economics.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124386

The Impact of CAFTA on Employment, Production and Poverty in Honduras
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morley,   Samuel A.; Nakasone,   Eduardo; Pineiro,   Valeria.
In this paper we develop a dynamic CGE model to examine the impact of CAFTA on production, employment and poverty in Honduras. We model four aspects of the agreement: tariff reductions, quotas, changes in the rules of origin for maquila and more generous treatment of foreign investment. We first show that trade liberalization under CAFTA has a positive effect on growth, employment and poverty but the effect is small. What really matters for Honduras is the assembly (maquila) industry. CAFTA liberalized the rules of origin for imports into this industry. That raises the growth rate of output by 1.4% and reduces poverty by 11% in 2020 relative to what it would otherwise have been. Increasing capital formation through an increase in foreign investment in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: CAFTA; Honduras; Growth; Poverty; CGE model; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42349

Gender Inequality, Poverty and Human Development in Kenya: Main Indicators, Trends and Limitations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kiriti,   Tabitha; Tisdell,   Clement A.
Indicators of gender inequality, poverty and human development in Kenya are examined. Significant and rising incidence of absolute poverty occurs in Kenya and women are more likely to be in poverty than men. Female/male ratios in Kenyan decision-making institutions are highly skewed against women and they experience unfavourable enrolment ratios in primary, secondary and tertiary institutions. The share of income earned by women is much lower than men's share.   General Kenyan indicators highlight declining GDP per capita, increased poverty rates especially for women, reduced life expectancy, a narrowing of the difference in female/male life expectancy rates, increased child mortality rates and an increase in the female child mortality rates. This...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: AIDS; Africa; Kenya; Gender; Inequality; Human development; Poverty; Consumer/Household Economics; International Development; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/105587

Household food security status in South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Altman,   M.; Hart,   Tim G.B.; Jacobs,   Peter T.
The Human Sciences Research Council has established a policy research initiative to monitor household food security and to identify and evaluate policy options. In this special edition, a selection of articles from this project is assembled. While deep chronic hunger has fallen with the expansion of the social grants, under-nutrition is a very serious and widespread challenge. This special edition draws together the best available evidence on household food security with the aim of stimulating wider debate.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food security; Social grants; Smallholder and subsistence production; Poverty; Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58211

Global Market Shocks and Poverty in Vietnam: The Case of Rice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coxhead,   Ian A.; Linh,   Vu Hoang; Tam,   Le Dong.
World food prices have experienced dramatic increases in recent years. These “shocks” affect food importers and exporters alike. Vietnam is a major exporter of rice, and rice is also a key item in domestic production, employment and consumption. Accordingly, rice price shocks from the world market have general equilibrium impacts and as such, their implications for household welfare are not known ex ante. In this paper we first present a simple framework for understanding the direct and indirect welfare effects of a global market shock of this kind. Second, we quantify the transmission of the price shock from global indicator prices to domestic markets. Third, we then we use an applied general equilibrium (AGE) model to simulate the effects of domestic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Vietnam; Rice; Poverty; Price transmission; General equilibrium; Microsimulation; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; I32; D58; Q17.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116706

A Survey of Findings on the Poverty Impacts of Agricultural Trade Liberalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hertel,   Thomas W.
The purpose of this survey is to review the available empirical evidence on the impacts of agricultural trade liberalization on poverty – considering both the impact of domestic and international liberalization. Since trade liberalization is generally an economywide phenomenon, with tariff cuts occurring across a wide range of commodities, we do not restrict ourselves to episodes where only agricultural trade was liberalized, although emphasis in this survey is given to agricultural trade policies. Furthermore, given the difficulty of isolating the effects of trade policies alone, we will also consider the impact of other types of external shocks which have the effect of changing the relative prices of tradeable and non-tradeable goods. By examining the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Rural development; Agriculture; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/110127

Producing and Procuring Horticultural Crops with Chinese Characteristics: Why Small Farmers Are Thriving and Supermarkets Are Absent in Rural China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Honglin; Dong,   Xiaoxia; Huang,   Jikun; Rozelle,   Scott; Reardon,   Thomas.
The supermarket revolution has arrived in China and is spreading as fast as or faster than anywhere in the world.  As the demand for vegetables, fruit, nuts and other high valued products have risen, urban retailers are finding new venues seized on niche and today have over $55 billion in sales, more than a third of the urban food market.  However, the experience of many developing countries suggests that there could be serious distributional impacts of the rising of supermarkets.  There is concern among policy makers and academics that poor, small farmers might be excluded from market.  The main goal of our paper is to understand what types of farmers have been able to participate in the horticultural revolution, how they interact with markets and how...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Horticulture; Modern Supply Chains; Farmer Impacts; Poverty; China; Crop Production/Industries; O33; O53; Q13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25762

Improving the Effectiveness of Collective Action: Sharing Experiences From Community Forestry in Nepal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Acharya,   Krishna P.; Gentle,   Popular.
The forest management strategy of Nepal is based on people’s participation, which is known as community forestry. This approach was formally introduced in 1978 to encourage active participation of local people in forest management activities as a means to improve their livelihoods. Under the community forestry structure, local people make decisions regarding forest management, utilization and distribution of benefits from a forest; they are organized as a Community Forest User Group. Presently about 1.2 million hectares of forest is under the control of about 14,000 Community Forest User Groups. It has received highest priority within the forestry sector and is one of the most successful development initiatives in Nepal. However, emerging evidence...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community forestry; Nepal; Gender; Poverty; Forest management and governance; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42493

Determinants and Welfare Impacts of Export Crop Cultivation - Empirical Evidence from Ghana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kuhlgatz,   Christian; Abdulai,   Awudu.
This paper investigates the determinants of farm households‟ participation in export cropping and the impact of export cropping on household welfare, using cross-sectional data obtained from the Ghanaian living standards survey 2005-6. Given the problem of selectivity bias that arise when households self-select into export cropping, we employ the full information maximum likelihood approach to analyze the participation decision, and generalized propensity matching approach to examine the welfare impacts of participation. The empirical results indicate that farmers facing lower transport costs and having better access to credit facilities are more likely to participate in export cropping. Estimates of the welfare impacts of export cropping generally reveal...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Export crops; Farm households; Household welfare; Poverty; Generalized propensity score; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114692

An overview of the development challenges and constraints of the Niger Basin and possible intervention strategies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Namara,   Regassa E.; Barry,   Boubacar; Owusu,   Eric S.; Ogilvie,   Andrew.
The Niger River Basin covers 7.5% of the African continent and is shared between nine riparian countries. The human population of the basin is growing at an average annual rate of about 3%, which makes the Niger River Basin one of the areas with the highest fertility rates in the world. The desert margin is expanding; climate change is negatively impacting rainfall; and urbanization, industrialization, and the human and livestock population are threatening the quantity and quality of available water resources. The basin population already suffers from chronic poverty. Based on a literature review, this paper suggests some key water-related and other interventions that are capable of easing the basin's development challenges.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: River basin development; Poverty; Social aspects; Climate change; Agriculture sector; Water governance; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118299

Food Security and Wheat Prices in Afghanistan: A Distribution-sensitive Analysis of Household-level Impacts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: D'Souza,   Anna; Jolliffe,   Dean.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/29/11.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Afghanistan; Food prices; Wheat; Food security; Nutrition; Poverty; Quantile regression; Influence functions; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; D12; I3.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103443

The Impact of Rising Food Prices on the Poor
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zezza,   Alberto; Davis,   Benjamin; Azzarri,   Carlo; Covarrubias,   Katia; Tasciotti,   Luca; Anriquez,   Gustavo.
This paper analyzes the household level impact of an increase in price of major tradable staple foods in a cross section of developing countries, using nationally representative household surveys. We find that, in the short term, poorer households and households with limited asset endowments and access to agricultural inputs will be hit the hardest by the price shock.  Given the ample degree of heterogeneity among households and among the poor, the analysis emphasizes the importance of meaningful policy research to go beyond average impacts to look at how access to assets and inputs, livelihood strategies and other key household characteristics drive the magnitude and distribution of the effects of the price increases.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food prices; Poverty; Welfare; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; I3; O12; Q1.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51696

Impact of rural poverty reduction strategies: The case of smallholders in Sierra Leone
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sammeth,   Frank; Lakoh,   Alpha; Michel,   Baudouin; Hites,   Gisele; Gomez y Paloma,   Sergio.
The present analysis, which exploits one of the first empirical data collected from smallholders in Sierra Leone since the end of the civil war, compares the impact of two poverty reduction strategies targeting smallholders in Sierra Leone: support to rice production is compared with support to coffee and cocoa production in terms of sustainable income generation and contributing to macroeconomic stability and growth. Supporting rice production is intended to help the country regain self-sufficiency in its traditional principle staple. This will help towards improving food security and reducing dependency on volatile world market prices which, for example, with respect to the recent global spike has had dramatic effects on the lowest incomes.  Support to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Poverty; Official Development Assistance; Sierra Leone; Food Security and Poverty; O1; Q1.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113211

Community Watershed Management in Semi-Arid India: The State of Collective Action and its Effects on Natural Resources and Rural Livelihood
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shiferaw,   Bekele A.; Kebede,   Tewodros A.; Reddy,   V. Ratna.
Spatial and temporal attributes of watersheds and the associated market failures that accelerate degradation of agricultural and environmental resources require innovative institutional arrangements for coordinating use and management of resources. Effective collective action (CA) allows smallholder farmers to jointly invest in management practices that provide collective benefits in terms of economic and sustainability gains. The Government of India takes integrated watershed management (IWM) as a key strategy for improving productivity and livelihoods in the rain-fed and drought-prone regions. This study investigates the institutional and policy issues that limit effective participation of people in community watershed programs and identifies key...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Institutions; Property rights; Watershed management; Poverty; Environmental impacts; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44358

Tracing the Poverty Impact of Market Reforms in Bangladesh
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alam,   Mohammad Jahangir; Bhuiyan,   Nazmul; Begum,   Ismat Ara; Van Huylenbroeck,   Guido.
The paper analyse the impact of market reforms on poverty in Bangladesh. To estimate the poverty impact at household level, a binary logit model has been estimated with two latest waves of  household income and expenditure data from Bangladesh. The results show that a significant improvement has been made in reducing poverty in the recent decades. As a net importing country, liberalization might has direct impact on household’s real income through the changes of real rice prices. The results also show that net rice buyer households are poorer than net rice sellers. So, decreased rice prices in domestic markets induced by liberalization have benefited the net rice buyers in Bangladesh, hence poverty declines.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Market reforms; Poverty; Bangladesh; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123758

Blood for Social Status: Preliminary Evidence from Rural China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chen,   Xi; Zhang,   Xiaobo.
Xi Chen acknowledges generous Doctoral Research Grant from the Institute for the Social Sciences at Cornell University and precious data set provided by the Development Strategy and Governance Division at IFPRI. Conference Travel Grant provided by the Department of Applied Economics and Management at Cornell is also acknowledged.  We are grateful to Ravi Kanbur for invaluable comments, guidance and encouragement. This paper also benefited from helpful discussion and invaluable comments from Robert Frank, David Sahn, Marc Rockmore, and seminar participants in the Department of Economics at Cornell. Due to time limit, I have not incorporated all helpful comments and suggestions in this early draft paper. The views expressed herein and any remaining errors...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Blood Donation; Social Status; Poverty; Inequality; Relative Deprivation; Rural China; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Political Economy; Production Economics; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Risk and Uncertainty; I32; J22; D13; D63.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49411

Cashew Production in Guinea Bissau
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kyle,   Steven C.
Cashew is by far the most important cash crop grown in Guinea Bissau. Indeed, the degree of export dependence on this crop exceeds even the export dependence of most members of OPEC on oil exports. This paper provides an overview of the current system of cashew production in Guinea Bissau and suggests policies to improve production, marketing and international sales.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cashew; Poverty; Macroeconomy; Financial Economics; Production Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55925

An Empirical Evaluation of Poverty Mapping Methodology: Explicitly Spatial versus Implicitly Spatial Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olivia,   Susan; Gibson,   John; Smith,   Aaron D.; Rozelle,   Scott; Deng,   Xiangzheng.
Poverty maps provide information on the spatial distribution of welfare and can predict poverty levels for small geographic units like counties and townships. Typically regression methods are used to estimate coefficients from the detailed information in household surveys, which are then applied to the more extensive coverage of a census. One problem with standard regression techniques is that they do not take into account the ‗spatial dependencies‘ that often exist in the data. Ignoring spatial autocorrelation in the regression providing the coefficient estimates could lead to misleading predictions of poverty, and estimates of standard errors. Household survey data usually lack exact measures of location so it is not possible to fully account for this...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: China; Poverty; Small Area Estimation; Survey Methods; Spatial Models.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47651

Investing In African Agriculture to Halve Poverty By 2015
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fan,   Shenggen; Johnson,   Michael; Saurkar,   Anuja; Makombe,   Tsitsi.
This paper proposes a simple methodology to estimate the agricultural spending that will be required to achieve the Millennium Development Goal of halving poverty by 2015 (MDG1) in 30 sub-Saharan African countries. This method uses growth-poverty and growth-expenditure elasticities to estimate the financial resources required to meet the MDG1, considering both the direct and indirect impacts of agricultural spending on poverty reduction. The paper attempts to address a key knowledge gap by improving estimation of MDG costs at both the regional and country levels.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Millennium Development Goals; Investment; Sub-Saharan Africa; Agriculture; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42807

Poverty in Malawi, 1998
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benson,   Todd; Machinijili,   Charles; Kachikopa,   Lawrence.
This paper presents the poverty analysis of the 1997-98 Malawi Integrated Household Survey. The analysis developed basic needs poverty lines, using consumption-based measures of welfare to classify households and individuals as poor and nonpoor. Because consumption data were not of uniform quality across sample households, the analysis made adjustments to derive a more accurate assessment of the incidence of poverty across the country. The analysis provides poverty and inequality estimates for Malawi's population. About 65 percent were unable to meet their basic needs, and poverty was deep and pervasive. The distribution of household welfare was closely examined within the context of the Malawi Poverty Reduction Strategy to guide government action in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Southern Africa; Africa South of Sahara; Poverty; Poverty Analysis; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60940

Changes in Rural Household Income Patterns in Mozambique, 1996-2002, and Implications for Agriculture’s Contribution to Poverty Reduction.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boughton,   Duncan; Mather,   David; Tschirley,   David L.; Walker,   Thomas S.; Cunguara,   Benedito; Payongayong,   Ellen M.
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Directorate of Economics, Republic of Mozambique
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Mozambique; Household; Income; Poverty; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56066

Livestock based livelihoods and pathways out of poverty: the case of smallholder farmers in Bangladesh
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Akter,   Shaheen.
This paper evaluates livelihoods of smallholder livestock farmers who were beneficiaries of a poverty alleviation programme involving longer term intervention towards building the strength of stakeholders such as government department, NGOs, village organisations and women beneficiaries. Data are drawn from a survey of 400 women farmers in 2006 and 2008. These farmers have been the members of BRAC, a well known NGO in Bangladesh. Poverty profiles, transition matrices and regression analysis drawn from asset-base framework are used to analyze data. A number of key questions related to poverty transition through livestock based activities, heterogeneity in livelihood choice and its impact on household welfare, extent of poverty reduction using different...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Women and livestock; Livelihood Strategies; Asset-base Framework; Bangladesh; Food Security and Poverty; O1; O3; Q13; Q55.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108935

Wells and welfare in the Ganga Basin:  Public policy and private initiative in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shah,   Tushaar.
This report analyzes how public policies designed to promote groundwater development over the past 50 years have failed in their promise, and how initiative by private agents can generate the social welfare the region needs so direly. The report outlines a five-pronged strategy for attacking eastern India's rural poverty through fuller utilization of its groundwater resources.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: River basins; Groundwater management; Groundwater development; Groundwater irrigation; Pumps; Tube wells; Public policy; Poverty; Social aspects; Flood water; Water market; Waterlogging; Electricity supplies; Energy; Pricing; Rural development; Villages; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44570

The Role of Food from Natural Resources in Reducing Vulnerability to Poverty: A Case Study from Zimbabwe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mithofer,   Dagmar; Waibel,   Hermann; Akinnifesi,   Festus K.
Vulnerability to poverty is a major problem in the rural areas of Sub Saharan Africa. Rural Households are confronted with various covariate and idiosyncratic shocks and are often severely constrained in coping with such events. They frequently resort to food from natural resources such as indigenous fruits during times of crisis. The availability of such food sources is increasingly at risk due to deforestation and biodiversity loss. The objective of this paper is to quantify the contribution of indigenous fruit trees towards reducing vulnerability to food insecurity and poverty. The methodology used is a multi-period stochastic household income model. The data were collected in a case study in Zimbabwe using detailed monthly income and expenditure...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Vulnerability; Poverty; Food security; Seasonal fluctuations; Wild food resources; Zimbabwe; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25264

Poverty reduction through improved agricultural water management; Proceedings of the Workshop on Pro-poor Intervention Strategies in Irrigated Agriculture in Asia Islamabad, Pakistan, 23-24 April 2003
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water management; Irrigated farming; Poverty; Food security; Households; Income; Drought; Forest policy; Natural disasters; Land ownership; Groundwater; Water market; Water balance; Legislation; Tube wells; Institutional development; Crop production; Wages; Economic aspects; Tillage; Water harvesting; Public policy; Surface water; Labor; Exports; Public sector; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118414

Private irrigation in Sub-Saharan Africa; Regional Seminar on Private Sector Participation and Irrigation Expansion in sub-Saharan Africa, Proceedings 22-26 October 2011, Accra, Ghana
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Privatization; Irrigated farming; Financing; Irrigation systems; Gender; Women; Government managed irrigation systems; Farmer managed irrigation systems; Rice; Horticulture; Technology transfer; Pumps; Drip irrigation; Filtration; Capacity building; Urban agriculture; Poverty; Water users associations; Agricultural credit; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118418

Non-Timber Forest Products and Rural Poverty Alleviation in Zambia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mulenga,   Brian P.; Richardson,   Robert B.; Tembo,   Gelson.
Forests support rural livelihoods and food security in many developing countries by providing critical sources of food, medicine, shelter, building materials, fuels, and cash income. The increasing demand for forest products has enhanced rural livelihoods and enabled the expansion of domestic markets, particularly in urban areas where woodfuel and other forest resources are scarce. Therefore, non-timber forest products may offer sources of income and opportunities for poverty alleviation in both rural and urban areas. In Zambia, most rural households residing near forests extract a range of forest products for both direct consumption and trade (including food products and wood for cooking fuel and charcoal production), and forest products are among the top...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Resource economics; Non-timber forest products; Poverty; Zambia; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123220

POBREZA E DESIGUALDADE DA DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE RENDA ENTRE FAMÍLIAS RESIDENTES NA ZONA RURAL DE MATO GROSSO (2004 E 2006)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pereira,   Benedito Dias; Faria,   Alexandre Magno; Silva,   Gerson Rodrigues; Zavala,   Arturo Zavala; Freitas,   Aprigio Guilherme.
O presente trabalho estuda a desigualdade da distribuição de renda, assim como a pobreza das famílias residentes nas áreas rurais de Mato Grosso, em 2004 e 2006, com base nos microdados da PNAD do IBGE. Desempenhando importante função na análise, decompõe-se aditivamente o coeficiente de Gini por fontes de rendimento, para se identificar a contribuição relativa de uma determinada fonte de renda na desigualdade de renda total. Dentre os principais resultados encontrados, verifica-se que há elevada desigualdade na distribuição de renda entre as famílias rurais mato-grossenses. Destaca-se, ademais, que renda advinda das atividades agrícolas contribui para aumentar essa desigualdade. Por sua vez, os indicadores de pobreza, entre 2004 e 2006, sugerem incremento...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Desigualdade; Distribuição; Pobreza; Inequality; Distribution; Poverty; Financial Economics; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113982

U.S. Food Aid: It’s Not Your Parents’ Program Any More!
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barrett,   Christopher B.
Much has changed in the 50 years since modern food aid began with the enactment of U.S. Public Law 480 in 1954. Yet contemporary policy debates often become derailed by failures to appreciate the significant changes that have already occurred. This paper identifies the most important of these changes and explains how these set the stage for further desirable changes to U.S. food aid programs.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food security; Humanitarian assistance; Hunger; Poverty; Safety nets; Surplus disposal; Trade promotion; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57696

Intersectoral management of river basins; Proceedings of an International Workshop on "Integrated Water Management in Water-Stressed River Basins in Developing Countries: Strategies for Poverty Alleviation and Agricultural Growth," Loskop Dam, South Africa, 16-21 October 2000
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water management; River basins; Watercourses; Poverty; Agricultural development; Developing countries; Water policy; Water use efficiency; Political aspects; Water allocation; User charges; Privatization; Water users' associations; Water scarcity; Investment; Financing; Institutional constraints; Water law; Gender; Social aspects; Conflict; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Food Security and Poverty; Political Economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118386

The potential gains from geographical targeting of anti-poverty programs in Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kraybill,   David S.; Bashaasha,   Bernard.
Governments do not have enough resources to make anti-poverty programs available to everyone in many African countries. Targeting the poorest populations could increase the efficiency of available program resources. Anti-poverty programs could target either households or geographical areas. This study compares the potential poverty reduction impact of these two approaches in Uganda. The impact of various policy changes on the poverty rate in Uganda is simulated using the estimated parameters of an econometric model of household consumption. The policies examined are family-planning, increased primary school attendance, increased secondary school attendance, expansion of formal employment and micro-enterprise expansion. The results reveal gains in poverty...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Geographical targeting; Household targeting; Policy simulation; Uganda; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57020

Labor Market Competitiveness  and Poverty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goto,   Hideaki.
How does labor market competitiveness frame the impact of greater labor productivity and lower inequality on poverty? Specifically, does greater competitiveness increase the impact of higher labor productivity and lower inequality on poverty reduction? In a simple model, we show that there is complementarity between competitiveness and productivity – the greater is one, the larger is the impact of the other. This suggests that improving labor market competitiveness is worthwhile not only for its own sake, but because it improves the transmission mechanism from productivity increases to poverty reduction. We also derive precise conditions under which there is a similar complementarity between equality and competitiveness in poverty reduction.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Inequality; Labor productivity; Market competitiveness; Poverty; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Political Economy; D6; I32; J2; J64.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51159

Irrigation, poverty and inequality in rural China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huang,   Qiuqiong; Dawe,   David; Rozelle,   Scott; Huang,   Jikun; Wang,   Jinxia.
This paper examines the impact of irrigation on rural incomes, poverty and the income distribution in rural China. The relationship between irrigation and income is examined using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis. A simulation approach is used to explore the impact of irrigation on poverty incidence. To uncover the effect of irrigation on the income distribution, inequality is decomposed by source of income, by group according to access to irrigation and by estimated income flows as a result of specific household characteristics. The results show that irrigation increases income and reduces poverty and inequality.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Income; Inequality; Irrigation; Poverty; Rural China; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118443

Poverty and Employment in Timber-Dependent Counties
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berck,   Peter; Costello,   Christopher; Fortmann,   Louise; Hoffmann,   Sandra A.
One of the most controversial aspects of federal and state policies aimed at protecting old-growth ecosystems has been the potential impact of job losses on local economies. A fundamental question for historically timber-dependent communities is whether these policies will result in local economic stagnation and enduring pockets of poverty. In this paper, we examine the long-run impact of changes in timber-related employment on other types of employment and participation in major federal poverty programs. We use monthly, multi-county time series data to estimate a vector autoregressive model of the experience of northern California counties during the 1980s and 1990s. We find that employment base multiplier effects of timber employment on other types of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forest policy; Poverty; Employment; Time series; Food Security and Poverty; Q23; O15; R11; R15.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10831

THE DISTRIBUTION OF CHILD NUTRITIONAL STATUS ACROSS COUNTRIES AND OVER TIME
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bhagowalia,   Priya; Chen,   Susan E.; Masters,   William A.
Malnutrition is manifested in various degrees of both underweight and overweight, with large differences and rapid changes in their prevalence and severity. This paper introduces a new approach to characterizing the distribution of a population’s nutritional status, to help analyze changes in that distribution over time and across countries. Our method draws on the poverty literature to construct Foster-Greer-Thorbecke measures for the incidence and severity of under and overweight, based on deviations in either direction from the median of a healthy population. We apply this median-based measure to the nutritional status of over 400,000 preschool children, as measured in 130 DHS surveys covering 53 countries over a period from 1986 to 2006. Unlike...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Underweight; Overweight; Malnutrition; Poverty; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; I12; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6147

Natural Resource Dependence in Rural Mexico
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez-Feldman,   Alejandro; Taylor,   J. Edward; Yunez-Naude,   Antonio.
The relationship between poverty and natural resources is complex and the empirical evidence to date, mostly from studies of forest activities and poverty, is inconclusive.  The main purpose of this paper is to empirically identify the effects of household characteristics and of inequality at the village level on natural resource extraction and dependence. To do so we use data from the Mexico National Rural Household Survey (ENHRUM). Our results show that in rural Mexico natural resource extraction is predominantly an activity carried out by poor households. The same is true for dependence. We also show that there are important differences across Mexico in terms of both participation and dependence on resource income. These differences are most evident...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Resource extraction; Dependence; Poverty; Mexico; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61230

The Expected Benefits of Trade Liberalization for World Income and Development: Opening the "Black Box" of Global Trade Modeling
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bouet,   Antoine.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Developing Countries; Econometric Models; International Trade; Poverty; Free Trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53871

Botswana's Development: Its Economic Structure and Rural Poverty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moepeng,   Pelotshweu T.; Tisdell,   Clement A.
Botswana was among the highest growing economies in the world during 1985-2005 and achieved a reduction in its overall incidence of poverty from 60 per cent in 1985/86 to 30 per cent in 2002/03. The incidence of rural poverty in Botswana decreased from 55 per cent in 1985/86 to 40 per cent in 1992/93, however, it increased to 45 per cent in 2002/03. The reversal of gains in rural poverty reduction has motivated this study. An analysis of Botswana’s overall economic performance, demographic changes and movements and policy responses contribute to the understanding of the occurrence of the incidence of rural poverty in Botswana. In conclusion, it is found that Botswana’s rural and non-rural economy might appear to be characterised by dualism using the...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Botswana; Poverty; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123545

The Relational Ship between Rice Market Liberalization and Food Security in Iran
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mousavi,   S.N.
In an effort to alleviate rice shortages, the Iranian government is attempting to encourage the private sector to become more involved in the rice market and trade of Iran. To this end, the multi rate foreign exchange system, which was adopted for several years mainly to support consumers, is being substituted by a single rate, with which the consumer price of rice is expected to decline, and the producer price to increase towards the world price. In this study, the links between change in rice price on the one hand, and poverty and food insecurity (measured by calorie intake) on the other, are calculated by applying Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (1984) measures to data from a sample of 540 Iranian households. Because of the increase in the real income of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rice market; Liberalization; Food insecurity; Poverty; Iran; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25464

Poverty, property rights and land management in Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Birungi,   Patrick; Hassan,   Rashid M.
This study investigates the impact of poverty, social capital and land tenure on the adoption of soil fertility management (SFM) and conservation technologies in Uganda. Considering four land management technologies (fallowing, terracing and inorganic and organic fertilizers), the study estimates a multinomial logit model to link farmers’ characteristics to the choice of technologies. The findings show that investments in land management are driven by factors such as land tenure security, level of poverty and participation in community organizations (social capital), and, most importantly, that household level poverty reduces the probability of adoption of most of the technologies, while social capital and land tenure security increase it. The findings...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Social capital; Property rights; Soil fertility management; Uganda; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93881

Micro-Savings &amp; Informal Insurance in Villages: A Field Experiment on Indirect Effects of Financial Deepening on Safety Nets of the Poor
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Flory,   Jeffrey A.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/28/11.    Former title: Indirect Effects of Microfinance: A Field Experiment on Formal Savings Expansion and Informal Safety Nets of the Ultra-Poor
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Microfinance; Formal savings; Indirect effects; Safety nets; Poverty; Food security; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Financial Economics; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; O17; O16; O12; I30; I38; I10.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103905

AMERICA'S FORGOTTEN PEOPLE AND PLACES: ENDING THE LEGACY OF POVERTY IN THE RURAL SOUTH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Allen-Smith,   Joyce E.; Wimberley,   Ronald C.; Morris,   Libby V.
This study focuses on the longstanding impoverishment of the rural South and three of its subregions-Appalachia, the Mississippi Delta, and the Black Belt. The poor quality of life in rural Appalachia and along the Mississippi Delta has been publically acknowledged by programs and commissions for improving conditions. However, the more comprehensive Black Belt subregion that links parts of Southern Appalachia and the Southern Delta has not received such regional policy attention. While the South as a whole is more rural and impoverished than other U.S. regions, this is largely due to the poor conditions in the Black Belt. In addition to region and rurality, a third feature of the pattern is race. It is in the Black Belt that the South's poor socioeconomic...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Appalachia; Black Belt; Mississippi Delta; Policy; Poverty; Quality of life; Rural; South; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15499

Complex assessment of poverty using composite indicator
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pacakova,   Zuzana; Hlavsa,   Tomas.
The article deals with measuring poverty whereas poverty is considered to be a multidimensional phenomenon and is represented by various dimensions. It aims to propose a methodical instrument for complex evaluation of poverty and the differences in poverty among the EU Member States. This instrument is also appropriate for regional comparison among the regions of Czech Republic. Methodical instrument on the basis of composite indicator has been suggested and it has been verified on selected poverty indicators. Using the composite indicator the development of the EU countries in the period 2004 – 2009 is described. While Denmark, Netherlands and Luxembourg made a huge improvement between the two years, the smallest progress was accomplished in Latvia,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Material deprivation; Multivariate methods; Composite indicator; Political Economy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; GA; IN.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109741

IMPACTS OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH ON POVERTY: FINDINGS OF AN INTEGRATED ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meinzen-Dick,   Ruth Suseela; Adato,   Michelle; Haddad,   Lawrence James; Hazell,   Peter B.R.
The extent to which agricultural research has reduced poverty has become an increasing concern of policymakers, donors, and researchers. Until recently, poverty reduction was a secondary goal of agricultural research. The primary focus was on increasing food supplies and reducing food prices, a strategy that was successful in increasing the yields of important food staples. When increased productivity is combined with increased agricultural employment, lower food prices, and increased off-farm employment, agricultural research can be credited with significant reductions in rural poverty. However, these benefits do not necessarily materialize, and thus it is essential to understand how agricultural technologies influence and are influenced by the diverse...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Agricultural research; Sustainable livelihoods; Vulnerability; Agricultural extension; Bangladesh; China; India; Mexico; Kenya; Zimbabwe; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16088

PROFIL DE PAUVRETE ET FILETS DE SECURITE DES RIZICULTEURS DANS LES ZONES D’INTRODUCTION DES NERICA AU TOGO: cas des régions du nord-Togo
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gnatoulouma,   Takpa; Koffi-Tessio,   Egnonto M.; Diagne,   Aliou.
La présente étude a pour objectif une évaluation de l’état de pauvreté des riziculteurs du nord-Togo dans les zones d’introduction des NERICA en vue d’apprécier leurs capacités de résistance aux risques naturels et économiques. Pour parvenir à cette fin, des données primaires collectées sur la base d’une enquête effectuée auprès de 255 ménages dans 20 villages dans les régions centrale et de la Kara, ont été analysées par la méthode de FOSTER GREER et THORBECKE basée sur les dépenses de consommation. L’incidence, la profondeur et la sévérité, sont respectivement de 88,37%, 31% et 12,98%. Le niveau de pauvreté est pratiquement le même aussi bien chez les producteurs de NERICA que les producteurs des variétés. The present study’s objective is an evaluation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pauvreté; Filet de sécurité; Risque; Riziculteur; Ménage; NERICA; Dépense de consommation; Poverty; Safety nets; Risk; Rice grower; Household; NERICA; Consumer expenditure; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97331

Preventive Countermeasures for " Immiserizing Growth in Expanding Economies" in China's Rural Areas in the New Era
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pang,   Yong-hong; Wang,   Fang-fang; Liu,   You-bin.
On the basis of defining the concept of ' immiserizing growth in expanding economies , through analysing the status quo of economy in China's rural areas in the new era, this paper aims to find out the factors responsible for economic weakness of China's rural residents. It analyses the impact of market consuming economy on growth economy, and points out the phenomenon of ' immiserizing growth in expanding economies" which may be triggered by China's rapid rural economic growth as follows: first, the income disparity between urban and rural residents increases ceaselessly, the commodity prices continuously soar, and the rural residents' market consuming capacity is short; second, the wealth concentrates highly and the majority of farmers' income is low....
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Lmmiserizing Growth in Expanding Economies; Social security; Poverty; China; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121733

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE WORLD FOOD SITUATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gebremedhin,   Tesfa G.
Although world food and agricultural production, based on current trends, will be sufficient to meet demand in the decades ahead, the world still faces a serious food crisis, at least as perilous and life-threatening for millions of poor people as those of the past. To this end, the main objective of this paper is to illuminate the world food situation and to provide a critical analysis of the core causes of world food insecurity by identifying the various misconceptions surrounding our understanding of hunger, starvation, and poverty. A clear and deeper awareness of the real causes of hunger and malnutrition in poor countries is imperative to enable and challenge policy makers and planners to lay the groundwork at the grass-roots level for appropriate...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food distribution; Food security; Food supply; Hunger; Malnutrition; Poverty; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14663

Innovations in Insuring the Poor
Provedor de dados: 31
Innovations in Insuring the Poor: Overview, by Ruth Vargas Hilland Maximo Torero; Risk, Poverty, and Insurance, by Stefan Dercon; Microinsurance for Health and Agricultural Risks, by Richard Leftley; Sustainability and Scalability of Index-Based Insurance for Agriculture and Rural Livelihoods, by Ulrich Hess and Peter Hazell; Intelligent Design of Index Insurance for Smallholder Farmers and Pastoralists, by Michael R. Carter; Experience with Weather Index-based Insurance in India and Malawi, by Xavier Gine; Providing Weather Index and Indemnity Insurance in Ethiopia, by Eyob Meherette; Index-based Livestock Insurance in Mongolia, by Oliver Mahul, Nathan Belete, and Andrew Goodland; Health Insurance for the Rural Poor: Evidence from Cambodia, by David I....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Health risks; Welfare; Income growth; Poor households; Agricultural risks; Financial instruments; Social protection policies; Drought; Flood; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59689

Migrant Labor Markets and the Welfare of Rural Households in the Developing World: Evidence from China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Brauw,   Alan; Giles,   John.
In this paper, we examine the impact of reductions in barriers to migration on the consumption of rural households in China. We find that increased migration from rural villages leads to significant increases in consumption per capita, and that this effect is stronger for poorer households within villages. Household income per capita and non-durable consumption per capita both increase with out-migration, and increase more for poorer households. We also establish a causal relationship between increased out-migration and investment in housing and durable goods assets, and these effects are also stronger for poorer households. We do not find robust evidence, however, to support a connection between increased migration and investment in productive activity....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Migration; Migrant Networks; Consumption; Poverty; Wealth; Rural China; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Labor and Human Capital; O12; O15; J22; J24.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6085

Diversification as a Survival Strategy for Marginal Farms an Exploratory Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vernimmen,   Tom; Bourgeois,   Marie; Van Huylenbroeck,   Guido; Meert,   Henk; van Hecke,   Etienne.
One of the common strategies in rural development programmes is to support the adoption of new on-farm activities. The rationale behind this is that farm diversification is a way to assure an appropriate level of income for the farmers. Through interviews with 49 relatively small farmers, the possibilities for diversification as a survival strategy are assessed. The analysis is mainly based on a classification of development pathways by Bowler (1992). Few forms of diversification appear to be successful as a survival strategy in case of economic problems. Only off-farm employment seems to be effective in this respect. The introduction of new activities on marginal farms is hampered by lack of financial and human capital. On the other hand, diversification...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm diversification; Poverty; Farm strategies; Rural development; Farm Management.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24824

Inter-Linkages Among Agricultural Research Investment, Agricultural Productivity and Rural Poverty in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kiresur,   V.R.; Melinamani,   V.P.
Nearly 72 per cent of India’s population and 75 per cent of the country’s poor are in rural areas. A large chunk of the Indian population still depends on agriculture for its livelihood. The level of agricultural research investment has serious implications on agricultural productivity in India which, in turn, has a bearing on rural poverty. The present study attempts to analyse the inter-linkages amongst agricultural research investment, agricultural productivity and poverty at the national level. The results revealed that rural poverty was significantly and negatively influenced by the agricultural productivity at macro level. Agricultural research investment per ha and gross cropped area influenced the productivity of agricultural sector in the country...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research investment; Productivity; Poverty; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44389

Social cash transfers for the poorest in Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sennoga,   Edward B.; Matovu,   John Mary; Twimukye,   Evarist P.
This paper mainly focuses on the various ways through which a social cash transfer program can be designed and financed. We identify four types of households which are considered to be vulnerable to be targeted with cash transfers. This includes households with orphans, old individuals, young and labor constrained. Extending a cash transfer to these households would lead to less poverty over the simulation period. these programs which would be constrained to less than 0.5 percent of GDP would have a small impact on the overall economy. By increasing taxes to finance the program this would wipe out the potential benefits of the cash transfer program of reducing poverty.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Cash transfers; Vulnerable groups; Sennoga; Twimukye; Matovu; EPRC; Poor people; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54935

Irrigation impacts on income inequality and poverty alleviation: policy issues and options for improved management of irrigation systems.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bhattarai,   Madhusudan; Sakthivadivel,   Ramasamy; Hussain,   Intizar.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Policy; Income; Poverty; Social aspects; Economic aspects; Water allocation; Irrigation canals; Irrigated farming; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92694

Q-Squared in Policy: The Use of Qualitative and Quantitative Methods of Poverty Analysis in Decision-Making
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shaffer,   Paul; Kanbur,   Ravi; Hang,   Nguyen Thu; Aryeetey,   Ellen Bortei-Doku.
This introductory essay for the journal Symposium presents an overview of issues related to ‘Q-Squared in Policy: the use of qualitative and quantitative methods of poverty analysis in decision-making’. We focus on issues raised on the supply side of data use, relating, inter alia to the informational content and policy usefulness of different types of data and analysis. These issues are grouped under the headings of: outcomes vs. processes, unpacking processes and thick and thin. We begin however, with a brief discussion of one aspect of the demand side, namely the politics of data use, given its centrality to the issues at hand.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Methods; Mixed method research; Policy process; Methodological pluralism; Impact assessment; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48919

The assets of the poor in Peru
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Escobal D'Angelo,   Javier; Saavedra,   Jaime; Torero,   Maximo.
The document analyzes the possession and access to assets on the part of the poor in Peru. It is found that during the last ten years the average level of access to education increased while and inequality of access to this asset decreased. The access to other public services has also increased, though the inequality levels are still very high. The same happens with the access to credit and other assets that can serve as collateral. The econometric analysis shows a positive effect of the access to public assets on the profitability of private assets. It is also found that changes in assets tenure are not sufficient to explain transitions toward and outside poverty, thought they are crucial to explain the permanency in poverty or the permanency out of this...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Pobreza; Distribucion del ingreso; Poverty; Income distribution; Peru; I32; D31.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37976

Poverty, Inequality, and Geographic Targeting: Evidence from Small-Area Estimates in Mozambique
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Simler,   Kenneth R.; Nhate,   Virgulino.
Typical living standards surveys can provide a wealth of information about welfare levels, poverty, and other household and individual characteristics. However, these estimates are necessarily at a high level of aggregation, because such surveys usually include only a few thousand households, with coarse spatial stratification. Larger databases, such as national censuses, provide sufficient observations for more disaggregated analysis, but typically collect very little socioeconomic information. This paper combines data from the 1996–97 Mozambique National Household Survey of Living Conditions with the 1997 National Population and Housing Census to generate small-area (subdistrict) estimates of welfare, poverty, and inequality, with the associated standard...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Inequality; Poverty mapping; Mozambique; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59594

Are poor, remote areas left behind in agricultural development: the case of Tanzania
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Minot,   Nicholas.
In Tanzania, as in many other developing countries, the conventional wisdom is that economic reforms may have stimulated economic growth, but that the benefits of this growth have been uneven, favoring urban households and farmers with good market access. This idea, although quite plausible, has rarely been tested empirically. In this paper, we develop a new approach to measuring trends in poverty and apply it to Tanzania in order to explore the distributional aspects of economic growth and the relationship between rural poverty and market access. We find that, between 1991 and 2003, a period of extensive economic reforms, the overall rate of poverty fell about 9 percentage points. The degree of poverty reduction was similar between rural and urban areas,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Tanzania; Poverty; Market access; Agricultural development; Rural areas; Economic reform; Measurement; Rural poverty; International Development; I32; O18; O55; Q13; R11.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59829

Potential Impacts of a Green Revolution in Africa – the Case of Ghana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Breisinger,   Clemens; Diao,   Xinshen; Thurlow,   James; Al-Hassan,   Ramatu M.
Agricultural growth in Africa has accelerated, yet most of this growth has been driven by land expansion. Land expansion potential is reaching its limits, urging governments to shift towards a green revolution type of productivity-led growth. Given the huge public investments required, this paper aims to assess the potential impacts of a green revolution. Results from a CGE model for Ghana show that green revolution type growth is strongly pro-poor and provides substantial transfers to the rest of the economy, thus providing a powerful argument to raise public expenditure on agriculture to make a green revolution happen in Africa.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Green Revolution; Growth; Poverty; Africa; Ghana; CGE; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; D58; O13; O55.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51086

Public Expenditure and Poverty Reduction in the Southern United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jung,   Suhyun; Cho,   Seong-Hoon; Roberts,   Roland K.
The objective of this research was to analyze the effects of education, health and hospital, parks and recreation, and public welfare expenditures on poverty, focusing particularly on how these relationships change over space and time. Government expenditure on parks and recreation has been the single most effective government expenditure category over time, although the marginal effects of the government expenditure on poverty alleviation have weakened over time. Clusters of the highest marginal effects of government expenditures on poverty reduction were identified for each time period using geographically weighted regression (GWR) and analysis of local indicators of spatial association (LISA)
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Government expenditure; GWR; Poverty; Southern United States; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47145

Vietnam’s New Environmental Tax Law: What Will it Cost? Who Will Pay?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coxhead,   Ian A.; Van Chan,   Nguyen.
We examine the effects of a proposed environmental tax in a small open developing economy, using an applied general equilibrium model linked to a household survey database. The burden of the tax, applied primarily to fossil fuels, is passed forward by non-traded industries and backward by industries selling into the world market. It causes efficiency and competitiveness losses equivalent to those of a real exchange rate appreciation, and since export industries are in general highly labor-intensive, is regressive and thus poverty-increasing. The budget-neutral use of increased tax revenues to raise spending on anti-poverty programs can offset most of the losses of poor households, but does not create new jobs. The extent of overall losses and their...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon tax; Environmental tax; Poverty; Labor market; General equilibrium; Vietnam; Environmental Economics and Policy; D58; H23; O53; Q52.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116704

LAND REFORM IN MOLDOVA: HOW VIABLE ARE EMERGING PEASANT FARMS? AN ASSESSMENT REFERRING TO A RECENT WORLD BANK STUDY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Petrick,   Martin.
Based on a case study of two Moldovan regions, the paper challenges the favourable assessment of recently established peasant farms in a World Bank study by LERMAN et al. (1998). The main arguments in favour of a more critical view of the results of land privatisation and farm restructuring are that a) private farmers produce only on a minimal fraction of land with almost no machinery or purchased inputs at all, b) the income of a typical farm household is below a poverty line based on national standards, c) private farmers face substantial production and marketing risks, d) at present, it is unlikely that short- or long-term investment projects in agriculture can be credit funded. Currently, peasant farms are mainly run to produce a minimum diet for the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture in transition; Land reform; Poverty; Subsistence farming; Moldova; Agricultural and Food Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q12; Q15; P36.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14882

Impacts of Land Rental Markets on Rural Poverty in Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jin,   Songqing; Jayne,   Thomas S.
This study uses panel data from 1,142 Kenya smallholder households over four survey periods to examine the determinants of participation in land rental markets and to quantify the impact of renting land on households’ crop income and total income. We find that land rental markets in Kenya enhance productivity and are equitable. The results are consistent across different estimation methods and model specifications. Dynamic panel models were used to assess the impact of rental participation on households’ crop income and total income.  After controlling for the endogeneity of rental market participation and the persistent effects of lagged income, we find that the decision to rent land increased tenant households’ net crop (net total) income by 25.1 (6.6)...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land rental market; Kenya; Income; Poverty; Dynamic model; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; Land Economics/Use; O12; Q13; Q12; Q15.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103907

Middlemen, Non-Profits, and Poverty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chau,   Nancy H.; Goto,   Hideaki; Kanbur,   Ravi.
In many markets in developing countries, especially in remote areas, middlemen are thought to earn excessive profits. Non-profits come in to counter what is seen as middlemen's market power, and rich country consumers pay a "fair-trade" premium for products marketed by such non-profits. This paper provides answers to the following five questions. How exactly do middlemen and non-profits divide up the market? How do the price mark up and price pass-through differ between middleman and non-profits? What is the impact of non-profits entry on the wellbeing of the poor? Should the government subsidize the entry of non-profits, or the entry of middlemen?  Should wealthy consumers in the North pay a premium for fair trade products, or should they support fair...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Middlemen; Non-profits; Poverty; Market Access; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Productivity Analysis; F15; I32; L3.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55931

Halving Hunger: Meeting the First Millennium Development Goal through "Business as Unusual"
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fan,   Shenggen.
In 2000, the world’s leaders set a target of halving the percentage of hungry people between 1990 and 2015. This rather modest target constitutes part of the first Millennium Development Goal, which also calls for halving the proportion of people living in poverty and achieving full employment. However, the effort to meet the hunger target has swerved off track, and the world is getting farther and farther away from realizing this objective. The goal of halving hunger by 2015 can still be achieved, but business as usual will not be enough. What is needed is “business as unusual”—a smarter, more innovative, better focused, and cost-effective approach to reducing hunger.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural development; Developing countries; Developing countries; Economic policy; Hunger; Developing countries; Millennium Development Goals (MDG); Policies; Poverty; Developing countries; Rural development; Developing countries; Social protection; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92808

THE IMPACT OF IMPROVED MAIZE GERMPLASM ON POVERTY ALLEVIATION: THE CASE OF TUXPENO-DERIVED MATERIAL IN MEXICO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bellon,   Mauricio R.; Adato,   Michelle; Becerril,   Javier; Mindek,   Dubravka.
This study documents how poor small-scale farmers in lowland tropical Mexico use improved maize germplasm and how this contributes to their well-being. It does this by assessing both the direct adoption of improved varieties and examining the process of their “creolization.” By exposing improved varieties for replanting, and in some cases promoting their hybridization with landraces, either by design or by accident, farmers produce what they recognize as “creolized” varieties. Our key hypothesis is that poor farmers benefit from improved germplasm through creolization. Creolization provides farmers with new options, as they deliberately modify an improved technology generated by the formal research system to suit their own circumstances and needs....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Agricultural research; Sustainable livelihoods; Vulnerability; Agricultural extension; Maize germplasm; Creolization; Mexico; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16471

Spatial Disadvantages or Spatial Poverty Traps: Household Evidence from Rural Kenya.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burke,   William J.; Jayne,   Thomas S.
The goals of this study are: 1) to determine the relative importance of spatial factors in explaining household wealth; 2) to identify the spatial characteristics of the chronically poorest, the consistently well off, and households escaping from poverty as well as descending into poverty; 3) to determine effects of compound disadvantages on the likelihood of chronic poverty; and 4) to assess the evidence of spatial poverty traps (SPTs).  Quantitative analysis is conducted using panel data collected from 1275 households, each surveyed four times with a structured questionnaire over an 11 year period from 1997 to 2007. We identified four distinct groups. The chronically poor are defined as households remaining consistently in the bottom third (tercile) of...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Africa; Food security; Kenya; Spatial; Poverty; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54560

Agricultural Trade Liberalization and Poverty in Tunisia: Micro-simulation in a General Equilibrium Framework
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chemingui,   Mohamed Abdelbasset; Thabet,   Chokri.
The study tries to answer the following questions: Will exposure to world agricultural prices generate more poverty or less? To what extent will households be affected by changes in agricultural trade polices? Do multilateral agricultural liberalization matter more than bilateral changes? Results of simulations using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model linked to household survey data suggest that trade liberalization has only modest effects on the level of GDP, but it has a substantial effect in reducing poverty. Moreover, the combined effects of global and domestic liberalization are more pro-poor than the effect of domestic liberalization alone. As a net importer of agricultural commodities, Tunisia may be expected to experience terms-oftrade...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tunisia; Agricultural trade liberalization; Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44466

Improving agricultural productivity for poverty alleviation through integrated service provision with public-private sector partnerships: examples and issues.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hussain,   Intizar; Perera,   L.R.
Enduring low agricultural productivity is one of the major causes of rural poverty in South Asia. Based on a review of recent empirical studies, this paper focuses on three key questions: (1) why is agricultural productivity low in the region?; (2) what are the key constraints and opportunities for enhancing agricultural productivity; and (3) what are the effective mechanisms to improve access to key productivity enhancing technologies, factors and services. Two major points raised in the paper are: (a) improved management of land and water is important for increasing productivity, but equally important is farmers' access to non land and water-related inputs and services, which through their complementary relationships with water, increase the productivity...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Crop production; Productivity; Constraints; Poverty; Farmers’ associations; Public sector; Private sector; Models; Food security; Sugarcane; Rice; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Production Economics.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92408

Rural Investments to Accelerate Growth and Poverty Reduction in Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thurlow,   James; Kiringai,   Jane; Gautam,   Madhur.
Kenya’s economy is relatively diverse, with both agricultural and industrial potential. However, the economy has performed poorly over the last decade, and poverty and inequality have risen. This paper examines the impact of alternative growth paths and rural investments on poverty using an economy-wide model. It finds that if Kenya continues along its current growth path, its economy will have to grow by more than 10 percent per year over the coming decade to meet the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of halving poverty by 2015. Therefore, Kenya must search for alternative sources of poverty-reducing growth. The results of the model indicate that poverty is unlikely to decline significantly without an acceleration of agricultural growth. Growth in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Rural investment; Poverty; Inequality; Kenya; Africa; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42376

Asset-Poor Women in India and the Relevance of Amartya Sen's Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Amartya Sen; Gender inequality; India; Poverty; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Financial Economics; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91377

Targeting of and outreach to the poor by rural development nonprofit organizations in Cameroon
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Balgah,   Roland Azibo; Buchenrieder,   Gertrud.
The importance of nonprofit organizations such as rural development organizations, farmers associations and common initiative groups as drivers of change in rural areas has been generally recognized in the economics of nonprofit organizations. While the economic theories attempt to explain the formation and functioning of nonprofit organizations, the targeting and outreach performance of these organizations has received little attention and at best is empirically divergent. Using the example of a nonprofit rural development organization in North West Cameroon, this paper analyzes the relative poverty of beneficiaries and non beneficiaries of its small scale fish farming program as a proxy for targeting efficiency. Poverty is measured through multiple...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Nonprofit organizations; Targeting; Poverty; Cameroon; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; L31; I30; O18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93079

Market Access and Rural Poverty in Tanzania
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Minot,   Nicholas.
Economic reforms in Tanzania have resulted in low inflation and solid economic growth, but many observers question whether the standard of living of ordinary Tanzanians has improved. Furthermore, there is a strong suspicion that the benefits have been concentrated among the urban population and among rural households with good market access, leaving remote rural households behind. In this paper, we demonstrate a new approach to measuring poverty trends over time. First, the relationship between poverty and household characteristics is estimated using household budget survey data. Second, this relationship is applied to the same characteristics in Demographic and Health Surveys, four of which have been carried out in Tanzania. The results suggest that the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Market access; Tanzania; Economic reforms; Food Security and Poverty; C0; I3; O1; Q13; R0.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25603

ANÁLISE DAS MEDIDAS DE RENDA, DISTRIBUIÇÃO E POBREZA DOS MUNICÍPIOS DA ÁREA DE INFLUÊNCIA DA BARRAGEM CASTANHÃO CEARÁ
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Campos,   Roberio Telmo; Campos,   Kilmer Coelho.
Objetiva-se realizar o macrodiagnóstico econômico-social dos municípios que compõem a área de influência do reservatório da barragem Castanhão no Estado do Ceará. Utilizam-se dados secundários e o método descritivo para análise e discussão dos resultados, após cálculos de freqüências, tabelas e outras informações estatísticas selecionadas. Os resultados mostram que, em termos gerais, os municípios apresentaram rendas per capita muito baixas; a desigualdade de renda piorou para todos os municípios da amostra; no período de 1991 a 2002 houve melhora do IDH para todos os municípios do estudo; a percentagem de indigentes, a percentagem de pobres e as percentagens de crianças indigentes e pobres reduziram-se durante o período de 1991 a 2000; e, há um elevado...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Renda; Distribuição de renda; Pobreza; Barragem Castanhão; Income; Income distribution; Poverty; Castanhão dam; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102219

Trading out of Poverty: WTO Agreements and the West African Agriculture. A Report of the Food Security II Cooperative Agreement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nouve,   Kofi; Staatz,   John M.; Schweikhardt,   David B.; Yade,   Mbaye.
This report is a brief survey of WTO agreements and their implications for the West African economies (including Chad). The study reviews the positions of West African countries on various WTO issues and compares these positions with positions expressed by major trade partners, particularly the Cairns Group, the European Union, Japan, Sub-Sahara Africa, and the United States.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; World trade organization; Poverty; West Africa; International trade; Market access; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Downloads July 2008-July 2009: 29; F0.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54573

Commodity Price Volatility and Nutrition Vulnerability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Verma,   Monika; Hertel,   Thomas W.
In this paper we examine the impact of commodity price volatility on nutritional attainment of households at the nutritional poverty line in Bangladesh. We focus on the first two moments of the distribution of nutrition and consider the differential impacts across socio-economic groups within the country. We also examine the direction and magnitude of the shift in these moments as a result of implementation of special safeguards measures aimed at preventing import surges.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Price volatility; Calories; Vulnerability; Food consumption; Poverty; Household data; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49344

Agricultural Growth, Poverty, and Nutrition in Tanzania
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pauw,   Kalie; Thurlow,   James.
Rapid economic growth has failed to significantly improve poverty and nutrition outcomes in Tanzania. This raises concerns over a decoupling of growth, poverty, and nutrition. We link recent production trends to household incomes and caloric availability using a dynamic computable general equilibrium and micro-level poverty and nutrition modules. Results indicate that the structure of economic growth—not the level—is currently constraining the rate of poverty reduction in Tanzania. Agricultural growth has been driven by larger-scale farmers that are less likely to be poor. Growth has further been concentrated in crops grown in only a few regions of the country. Slow expansion of food crops and livestock also explains the weak relationship between...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Economic growth; Poverty; Nutrition; Computable general equilibrium modeling; Tanzania; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95974

Food Security in Afghanistan: Household-level Evidence from the 2007-08 Food Price Crisis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: D'Souza,   Anna; Jolliffe,   Dean.
Replaced with revised version of paper 10/20/10.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food security; High food prices; Nutrition; Poverty; Afghanistan; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; D12; I3.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61139

Community values for historic heritage preservation in Australia - — A choice modeling application (PowerPoint Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Bueren,   Martin.
Over the past 220 years since European settlement, Australia has amassed a diverse array of historic heritage places. Currently there are approximately 200,000 places listed on statutory heritage lists across the nation. Owing to the public-good nature of heritage, community values for the preservation of historic places (both quality and quantity dimensions) is not readily observable from market transactions. Yet this information is critical for efficient management of heritage. This study uses a survey technique (Choice Modelling) to estimate value estimates. To the author’'s knowledge, it is the first study to use this approach to understand community preferences for alternative protection outcomes at a national level — as opposed to site specific...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: General equilibrium modelling; Infrastructure; Poverty; Southeast Asia; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10420

The Political Economy of Pro-Poor Livestock Policymaking in Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vu,   Tuong.
This paper presents a case study of how livestock policies are made and implemented in a national context, and how they can be improved to better serve the interests of the poor. Livestock is a sector with a great potential for growth compared to other sectors in agriculture. However, appropriate policies and institutions that allow the poor to tap this growth potential may not exist or may be inadequate. In some cases, existing policies may actually hinder the poor from doing so.  The study used the key informant method supplemented with official documents, newspaper sources and recently published research on the livestock sector. Interviews helped reveal policymakers'’ concerns, whereas field trips allowed the researcher to talk to a few peasants and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Vietnam; Policymaking; Livestock; Rural development; Poverty; Political Economy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23788

A global perspective on water scarcity and poverty: achievements and challenges for water resource management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barker,   Randolph; van Koppen,   Barbara; Shah,   Tushaar.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Water scarcity; Poverty; Water resources development; Groundwater management; Food security; Irrigated farming; Agricultural production; Tube well irrigation; Sustainability; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118302

Food Security and Poverty of the Rural Households In Kwara State, Nigeria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Omotesho,   O.A.; Adewumi,   Matthew Olaniyi; Fadimula,   K.S.
A fundamental challenge the world faces today is ensuring that millions of households living in poverty have access to enough food to maintain a healthy life. Africa over the years has been looking for ways to solving the problem of food security and it is an important topic in discussions of Africa leaders. While there are national data on food security and poverty, information on rural food security and poverty are not readily available especially in Nigeria. This study, therefore, employed discriminant analysis to examine the levels and the major determinants of food security and poverty among the rural households who are the major producers of food in Nigeria. Using the basic calorie and protein requirement per capita of households, our result revealed...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Discriminant Analysis; Food Security; Nigeria; Poverty; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52203

Institutions for integrated water-resources management in river basins: A synthesis of IWMI research.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kurian,   Mathew.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: River basin development; Water resource management; Poverty; Irrigation management; Farmers’ associations; Institutional development; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92518

Poverty and Economically Deprived Women and Children: Theories, Emerging Policy Issues and Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Family welfare; Welfare state; Poverty; Economic transition; Structural adjustment policies; Economic globalisation; Social services; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Public Economics.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90632

Coping with Drought in Rice Farming in Asia: Insights from a Cross-Country Comparative Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pandey,   Sushil; Bhandari,   Humnath; Ding,   Shijun; Prapertchob,   Preeda; Sharan,   Ramesh; Naik,   Dibakar; Taunk,   Sudhir K.; Sastri,   Asras.
Drought is a major constraint affecting rice production especially in rainfed areas of Asia. Despite its importance in rice growing areas, the magnitude of economic losses arising from drought, its impact on farm households and farmers' drought coping mechanisms are poorly understood. This paper provides insights into these aspects of drought based on a cross-country comparative analysis of rainfed rice growing areas in China, India and Thailand. The economic cost of drought is found to be substantially higher in eastern India than in the other two countries. Higher probability and greater spatial covariance of drought and less diversified farming systems with rice accounting for a large r share of household income are likely to be the main reasons for...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Drought; Economic cost; Coping mechanisms; Poverty; Crop Production/Industries; D1; I3; Q1.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25553

Profile of Hired Farmworkers, A 2008 Update
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kandel,   William.
Hired farmworkers make up a third of the total agricultural labor force and are critical to U.S. agricultural production, particularly in labor-intensive sectors such as fruits and vegetables. The hired farmworker labor market is unique because it includes a large population of relatively disadvantaged and often unauthorized workers, a portion of whom migrate to, and within, the United States. Recent economic and demographic trends, such as changing agricultural production methods that permit year-round employment, expanding immigrant populations in nonmetropolitan counties, and growing concerns over U.S. immigration policies, have elicited increased interest in hired farmworkers. This 2008 profile serves as an update to the 2000 Economic Research Service...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Hired farmworkers; Farm labor; Agriculture; Migrant; Immigrant; Farm structure; Demography; Legal status; Employment; Poverty; Housing; Social services; Health; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Labor and Human Capital; Production Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56461

Corruption, Income Inequality, and Poverty in the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dincer,   Oguzhan C.; Gunalp,   Burak.
In this study we analyze the effects of corruption on income inequality and poverty. Our analysis advances the existing literature in four ways. First, instead of using corruption indices assembled by various investment risk services, we use an objective measure of corruption: the number of public officials convicted in a state for crimes related to corruption. Second, we use all commonly used inequality and poverty measures including various Atkinson indexes, Gini index, standard deviation of the logarithms, relative mean deviation, coefficient of variation, and the poverty rate defined by the U.S. Census Bureau. Third, we minimize the problems which are likely to arise due to data incomparability by examining the differences in income inequality, and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Corruption; Income Inequality; Poverty; D31; D73; I32.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37848

Impacts of Rising Food Prices on Poverty and Welfare in Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vu,   Linh; Glewwe,   Paul.
In 2007 and 2008, international prices of rice and other grains sharply increased, raising fears that poor households in developing countries would become poorer. Yet, these fears often ignored that many of these poor households were food producers. This study examines the impact of rising food prices on welfare in Vietnam. Our results show that, overall, higher food prices raised the average Vietnamese household’s welfare. However, higher food prices made most households worse off. Average welfare was found to increase because the average welfare loss of households whose welfare declined (net purchasers) was smaller than the average welfare gain of those whose welfare increased (net sellers).
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food prices; Poverty; Rice prices; Vietnam; Welfare; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/105512

Poverty transition through targeted programme: the case of Bangladesh Poultry Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Akter,   Shaheen; Farrington,   John.
Poverty transition through a capacity development programme called the Bangladesh Poultry Model is assessed using self-assessment dimension in a quasi experiment framework. Current poverty situation is compared with money metric measure.  The programme involves longer term intervention towards building the strength of stakeholders such as government department, NGOs, village organisations and women beneficiaries. A number of key questions related to poverty transition through poultry based activities, heterogeneity in livelihood choice and its impact on household welfare, extent of poverty reduction etc. are answered for policy recommendations. Data are drawn from a survey of 400 beneficiary households in 2006; about 50% of them are survivors in the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bangladesh; Poultry; Poverty; Asset-base Framework; O3; Q16.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42306

Agricultural Prices and Income Distribution among Farmers: A Whole-Household, Multi-Country, Multi-Year Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rios,   Ana R.; Shively,   Gerald E.; Masters,   William A.
Recent studies have emphasized that the poorest farmers are often net buyers of key commodities and therefore harmed by rising prices. We use LSMS data from Tanzania, Vietnam and Guatemala to test the degree of net purchases or sales by income level. We find that poorer farmers may be net buyers of individual crops, but only the poorest are net buyers of all crops. More generally, net sales among poor farmers are low. We conclude that agricultural price changes have a diverse but limited influence on poor farmers’ welfare, because their farm sales tend to be offset by food purchases.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Market participation; Poverty; Inequality; Multi-continent multicountry; Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49314

Village Inequality in Western China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Xing,   Li; Fan,   Shenggen; Luo,   Xiaopeng; Zhang,   Xiaobo.
Increased regional inequality has been a major concern in many emerging economies like China, India, Vietnam and Thailand. However, even a large inequality is observed within the lagging regions. The objective of this paper is to look into what are the sources of within region inequality using the community surveys and a census type of households in Western China. This snapshot view of inequality within and between rural villages in western China is based on a census-type household survey in three administrative villages and a sampling survey of 286 natural villages in the poor province of Guizhou in 2004. In contrast to coastal regions, nonfarm income is distributed unevenly in this inland western region. This acco unts for the largest share of overall...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural Development; Poverty; Inequality; Public investment; H54; O47; O53; R11; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25390

Rural America At A Glance, 2009 Edition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kusmin,   Lorin D.
Update of an annual series, the 2009 edition of Rural America At A Glance deals with effects of the major recession on rural America. Initially, effects of the recession were mitigated in nonmetro areas by high commodity prices throughout much of 2008, but as the recession deepened, prices fell. Both nonmetro and metro areas experienced rising unemployment as manufacturing and other major employment sectors contracted, and they were similarly affected by the mortgage foreclosure crisis. However, even before the current recession, nonmetro poverty rates had risen in the growth years after the 2001 recession, against the usual trend during a time of economic expansion; the nonmetro poverty rate has exceeded the national poverty rate since 2001. The nonmetro...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Rural indicators; Population; Housing markets; Employment; Rural unemployment; Nonmetropolitan; Nonmetro; Rural economy; Metro; Rural America; Census data; Population growth; Unemployment; Poverty; Demographics; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59017

Bangladesh's Performance and the Millennium Development Goals: A Sketch of Progress
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Provides a sketch of Bangladesh’s socio-economic performance in the light of the UN’s Millennium Development Goals.  After providing some background on these goals and on Bangladesh, this article considers trends in the incidence of poverty and hunger in Bangladesh, access to education and gender equality in Bangladesh, child mortality and maternal health, the incidence of important diseases in Bangladesh and Bangladesh’s progress in achieving environmental sustainability, particularly in relation to its use and development of its energy resources.  In addition, Bangladesh’s involvement in global partnerships providing financial and other assistance to it are considered.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Millennium Development Goals; Bangladesh; Poverty; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123454

Managing water for the poor; Proceedings of the Regional Workshop on Pro-Poor Intervention Strategies in Irrigation Agriculture in Asia - Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan and Vietnam, Colombo, 9-10 August 2001
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water management; Irrigated farming; Surface irrigation; Large-scale systems; Poverty; Irrigation programs; Rural development; Participatory management; Conflict; Water users' associations; Farmer-agency interactions; Financing; Policy; Water rates; Pricing; Water scarcity; Rice; Irrigation scheduling; Water delivery; Case studies; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Security and Poverty; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118412

SECURITY IS LIKE OXYGEN: EVIDENCE FROM UGANDA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Xiaobo.
Since the early 1990s, Uganda has been one of Africa’s fastest growing countries. However, at the sub-national level, growth has been uneven due to civil conflict in the northern region. Using a panel of household and community level data, this paper examines the links between security and economic growth. It is found that security is a pre-condition for successful economic development and that there is in fact a threshold level of security below which public investments in infrastructure and education have little impact on growth. Only when security exceeds this threshold do public investments stimulate economic growth. Economists and policy advisors living in peaceful countries often prescribe economic policies that hinge on the assumption of good...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Security; Civil Strife; Growth; Poverty; Uganda; Africa; International Development; Political Economy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16172

Poverty and health behaviour: Comparing socioeconomic status and a combined poverty indicator as a determinant of health behaviour
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aue,   Katja; Roosen,   Jutta.
Studies in the area of health economics and public health have shown that low socioeconomic status (SES) and poverty are related to lower levels of health. Attempts to explain these differences have often made reference to the observation that poor health behaviours cluster in low SES respectively poverty groups. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the defining concept of SES and its appropriate measurement. Therefore data from the German Socio-Economic Panel are used to analyse the relationship between two multidimensional measurements to describe a) poverty respectively b) a low SES and health behaviour, including dietary behaviour, weight status and health behaviour in general. This study shows that both multidimensional indicators...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Social inequality; Diet; BMI; Health behaviour; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; I1; I3.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116401

Sen's Theory of Entitlement and the Deprivation of Females: An Assessment with Indian Illustrations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Roy,   Kartik C.; Ghose,   Ananda.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Amartya Sen; Economic deprivation; Female; Poverty; Economic status of women; Tribal Santals; India.; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91375

The Impact of Agricultural Technology Adoption on Poverty: The case of NERICA rice varieties in Benin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adekambi,   Souleimane Adeyemi; Diagne,   Aliou; Simtowe,   Franklin; Biaou,   Gauthier.
This study examines the relationship between agricultural technology adoption and poverty with a focus on New Rice varieties for Africa (NERICA). The NERICAs  are a group of rice varieties developed by the Africa Rice Centre during the 1990s, resulting from the inter-specific crosses between the Oryza sativa high yielding rice species from Asia and the locally adapted and multiple-stress resistant Oryza glaberrima African rice species. They are believed to provide great hope for African agriculture. Introduced in Benin in 1998, there has been no published analysis on the impact of their adoption by farmers.  The paper uses the counterfactual outcomes framework of modern evaluation theory to estimate the Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) of NERICA...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: NERICA; Poverty; Agricultural technology; Impact assessment; Local Average Treatment Effect; Benin; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; C210; Q160; I390.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51645

Pro-poor irrigation management transfer?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: International Water Management Institute,   IWMI-TATA Water Policy Program.
Driven largely by financial pressures, many governments are transferring full or partial management responsibility for irrigation systems from government agencies to farmers organized into Water User Associations (WUAs). In most cases, improving the situation of poor farmers has been a secondary aim of this reform. But there is increasing evidence that Irrigation Management Transfer (IMT) can actually negatively impact the situation of poor farmers—and, in extreme cases, can even cause the collapse of irrigation schemes. New research assessed two different IMT programs: The Gujarat Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) program, one of the first IMT programs in India, and the Andhra Pradesh Farmers’  Management of Irrigation Systems (APFMIS) program,...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Privatization; Poverty; Farmers associations; Water users associations; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113066

Climate change and poverty in Africa: Mapping hotspots of vulnerability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thornton,   Philip K.; Jones,   Peter G.; Owiyo,   Tom; Kruska,   Russell L.; Herrero,   Mario; Orindi,   Victor; Bhadwal,   Suruchi; Kristjanson,   Patricia; Notenbaert,   An; Bekele,   Nigat; Omolo,   Abisalom.
Climate change and increasing climate variability threaten the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG), and some of the worst effects on human health and agriculture will be in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in vulnerable regions. The relationships between climate change and the vulnerability of resource-poor croppers and livestock keepers and their resilience to current and future climate variability need to be better understood. This paper describes the generation of information that combines projected climate change in agricultural systems with vulnerability data. The results of the analysis, in terms of vulnerable people particularly at risk for deleterious effects of climate change, are being used for impact assessment, targeting and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural system; Vulnerability; Targeting; Impact assessment; Poverty; Food Security and Poverty; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56966

Pro-poor intervention strategies in irrigated agriculture: lessons from the Asian experience
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: International Water Management Institute (IWMI).
Irrigated agriculture has contributed greatly to food security in Asia - and irrigation projects present new opportunities for reducing poverty. This requires that projects deliberately tilt towards the poor. Moreover, policymakers, implementers and managers need to adopt an integrated approach when using irrigation as a pro-poor intervention strategy. With the right institutional and technical conditions, an effective incentives structure and proper implementation and management practices, pro-poor irrigation projects can make a significant difference to poverty in the region.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Poverty; Women; Water rights; Water allocation; User charges; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113057

The global groundwater situation: overview of opportunities and challenges
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shah,   Tushaar; Molden,   David J.; Sakthivadivel,   Ramasamy; Seckler,   David.
Groundwater offers us few but precious opportunities for alleviating the misery of the poor; but it poses many—and daunting—challenges of preserving the resource itself. A big part of the answer is massive initiatives to augment groundwater recharge in regions suffering depletion; but, in the ultimate analysis, these cannot work without appropriate demand-side interventions. The water vision of a world that future generations will inherit will have to be the one in which groundwater plays its full developmental, productive and environmental role but in a sustainable manner; and the framework of action to realize this vision will mean eschewing the current free-for-all in groundwater appropriation and use, and promoting a more responsible management of this...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Groundwater resources; Groundwater depletion; Water scarcity; Water shortage; Poverty; Rural development; River basins; Sustainability; Waterlogging; Salinity; Aquifers; Water pollution; Pumps; Recharge; Water harvesting; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113506

Farm Employment, Immigration, and Poverty: A Structural Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martin,   Philip L.; Taylor,   J. Edward.
This study tests for structural change in the poverty-farm employment relationship between 1980 and 1990. Econometric findings from a partially simultaneous block triangular regression model estimated with census data reveal a circular relationship between farm employment and immigration that was associated with a significant decrease in the number of people in impoverished U.S. households in 1980. However, in 1990, the farm employment-poverty relationship reversed: an additional farm job was associated with an increase in poverty. Our findings suggest immigration to fill low-skilled farm jobs is transferring poverty from rural Mexico to communities in the United States.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Farm employment; Immigration; Poverty; Rural communities; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31095

Does Adoption of Improved Maize Varieties Reduce Poverty? Evidence from Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mwangi,   Wilfred; Mwabu,   Germano; Nyangito,   Hezron Omare.
Adoption of technologies that increase farm yields is a prerequisite for poverty alleviation in agrarian societies. However, the link between adoption of improved agricultural technologies and poverty reduction is not well understood or documented. This relationship is explored with an example of improved maize seed adoption in Laikipia and Suba - two rural districts in Kenya. We show that adopters of improved maize varieties have higher yields per acre and that poverty is negatively correlated with technology adoption. Policies for increasing diffusion of these technologies include improving access roads to market centers to enhance maize profitability and extension of information about improved maize varieties to farmers.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Maize adoption; Technologies; Poverty; Policies; Kenya; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25376

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, Financial Stress, and Childhood Obesity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burgstahler,   Rebecca; Gundersen,   Craig; Garasky,   Steven B.
The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is the largest nutritional assistance program addressing food insecurity in the United States. Due to the program’s reach, SNAP has been called upon to address other nutrition-related challenges facing low-income Americans, including childhood obesity. This study considers the effect of SNAP participation on child weight outcomes after controlling for household financial stress, an important determinant of child overweight status that disproportionately affects low-income households. Using data from the Survey of Household Finances and Childhood Obesity and instrumental variable methods, we find that SNAP participation is negatively associated with obesity among eligible children.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP); Food Stamp Program; Financial stress; Childhood obesity; Poverty; Nutrition; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123311

Philippine agricultural and food policies: implications for poverty and income distribution
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cororaton,   Caesar B.; Corong,   Erwin L.
The Philippines has undergone a series of trade reforms since the mid-1980s that have reduced protection on nonagricultural goods. However, protection on key food items is still in effect, and this has led to high domestic food prices. Such high prices have a considerable negative effect on poverty because more than 60 percent of the consumption of poor Filipino households is for food.  The special product arguments of the World Trade Organization increase the pressure to maintain the existing high levels of food protection in the country. Special products treatment provides developing countries with the flexibility to implement tariff reduction programs over an extended period for certain self-designated products. These special product discussions are...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Policy; Food Policy; Philippines; Poverty; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55512

Payments for environmental services : incentives through carbon sequestration compensation for cocoa-based agroforestry systems in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Seeberg-Elverfeldt,   Christina; Schwarze,   Stefan; Zeller,   Manfred.
Up to 25 percent of all anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are caused by deforestation, and Indonesia is the third largest greenhouse gas emitter worldwide due to land use change and deforestation. On the island of Sulawesi in the vicinity of the Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP), many smallholders contribute to conversion processes at the forest margin as a result of their agricultural practices. Specifically the area dedicated to cocoa plantations has increased from zero (1979) to nearly 18,000 hectares (2001). Some of these plots have been established inside the 220,000 hectares of the LLNP. An intensification process is observed with a consequent reduction of the shade tree density. This study assesses which impact carbon sequestration payments for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Payments for environmental services; Carbon sequestration; Agroforestry systems; Cocoa; Linear programming; Economic incentives; Poverty; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92827

Use of household food insecurity scales for assessing poverty in Bangladesh and Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alcaraz V.,   Gabriela; Zeller,   Manfred.
An important dimension of poverty is access to food. Household food security implies access to the food needed for a healthy and productive life. Lack of access to and/or impaired utilization of food contribute to household food insecurity. This study compares the usefulness of a standardized food insecurity scale for determining the food insecurity status of rural and urban households in Bangladesh and Uganda, and for predicting poverty status. The analysis uses data from the IRIS Composite Survey Household Questionnaire (2004), which consists of 1,587 households (approximately 800 households in each country). The coping mechanisms adopted in the presence of food shortages represent the building blocks for the development of the scale (7 items). In order...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food insecurity scale; Poverty; Bangladesh; Uganda; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; I32; O11; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57164

Assessing the Potential for Payments for Watershed Services to Reduce Poverty in Guatemala
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pagiola,   Stefano; Zhang,   Wei; Colom,   Ale.
Payments for Environmental Services (PES) are being increasingly used as conservation instruments, particularly in Latin America. PES programs seek to capture part of the benefits derived from environmental services and channel them to natural resource managers who generate these services, thus increasing their incentive to conserve them. Many have assumed that these payments would go mostly to poor land users, and thus contribute to poverty reduction. There has been little empirical verification of this assumption to date, however.  The PES approach was conceptualized as a mechanism to improve the efficiency of natural resource management, and not as a mechanism for poverty reduction. Pagiola et al. (2005) identified three main questions regarding the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Payments for Environmental Services (PES); Watershed; Poverty; Guatemala; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42932

Poverty and Inequality in Vietnam: Spatial Patterns and Geographic Determinants
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Minot,   Nicholas; Baulch,   Bob; Epprecht,   Michael.
Information on the spatial distribution of poverty is particularly useful in designing geographically targeted programs to address regional disparities—a matter of high priority for many countries. Until recently, most developing countries were forced to design these programs based on rough indicators of poverty or on the results of household budget surveys, which typically generate poverty estimates for a limited number of regions. In the late 1990s, a new approach was developed combining census data and household budget survey results to generate poverty estimates for small areas such as districts, allowing the construction of “poverty maps.” A1998 IFPRI study in Vietnam was one of the first to experiment with this approach. A similar method was...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Vietnam; Equality; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37882

Smallholder Commercialization Trends as Affected by Land Constraints in Zambia: What Are the Policy Implications?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hichaambwa,   Munguzwe; Jayne,   Thomas S.
In spite of vast expanses of the country’s land currently being uncultivated, there is increasing evidence that a surprisingly high share of rural smallholder households face land constraints that adversely affect their productivity and ability to participate in agricultural supply chains.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Food Security; Food Policy; Poverty; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123211

The Impact of CAFTA on Poverty, Distribution, and Growth in El Salvador
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morley,   Samuel A.; Nakasone,   Eduardo; Pineiro,   Valeria.
In this paper we develop a dynamic CGE model to examine the impact of CAFTA on production, employment and poverty in El Salvador. We model four aspects of the agreement: tariff reductions, quotas, changes in the rules of origin for maquila and more generous treatment of foreign investment. The model shows that CAFTA has a small positive effect on growth, employment and poverty. Tariff reduction under CAFTA adds about .2% to the growth rate of output up to 2020. Liberalizing the rules of origin for maquila has a bigger positive effect on growth and poverty mainly because it raises the demand for exportables produced by unskilled labor. We model the foreign investment effect by assuming that capital inflows go directly to capital formation. This raises the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: CAFTA; El Salvador; Growth; Poverty; CGE model; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42356

Los activos de los pobres en el Perú
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Escobal D'Angelo,   Javier; Saavedra,   Jaime; Torero,   Maximo.
Tanto la distribución del ingreso como los niveles de pobreza han registrado importantes modificaciones a lo largo de las últimas cuatro décadas en el Perú. Más allá de las diferencias metodológicas asociadas al cálculo de estos indicadores, la evidencia sugiere que en los últimos 40 años se habría reducido la dispersión en la distribución del ingreso. Asimismo, se habría producido una importante reducción en los niveles de pobreza, especialmente durante la década de los setenta. A pesar de ello, la tasa de pobreza continua siendo una de las más altas de América Latina. De otro lado, el análisis de la distribución de activos durante los últimos diez años revela en general una continuación de las tendencias de largo plazo. El nivel educativo medio sigue...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Pobreza; Distribucion del ingreso; Capital humano; Activos fijos; Poverty; Income distribution; Human capital; Fixed assets; Peru; I32; D33.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37815

The Socio-Economic Situation of Female Heads and Poor Heads of Households in Rural Botswana: A Village Case Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moepeng,   Pelotshweu T.; Tisdell,   Clement A.
This article explores the socio-economic situation of female heads and poor heads of household in rural Botswana by means of a case study of the village of Nshakazhogwe, a village considered to be typical for rural east Botswana. It examines the extent to which the occurrence of poverty of household heads is related to their gender, varies with the numbers in that household, and depends on whether or not they have paid employment. The number of sources and types of sources of income that household heads have are considered and are found to be related to whether they are poor or not. Transfers of income (private and from government) are given particular attention as a potential means of reducing the incidence of poverty. In this regard, poor heads of...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Botswana; Gender inequality; Poverty; Female-headed households; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123544

Impact of Risk and Time Preferences on Responses to Forest Tenure Land Reform:  Empirical Evidence from Fujian, China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sullivan,   Karen A.; Uchida,   Emi; Xu,   Jintao.
This research examines the effect of risk and time preferences on forest management responses to forest tenure land reforms in Fujian, China that began in 2002. The different extent of the reform and its different timing across regions provide a natural experiment to test how time and risk preferences affect a households’ forest investment response to the reform. Empirically, we combine original field experiment data on time and risk preferences collected among 103 households with an original panel survey data set collected among the same 103 households, which contains data for three years: 2000 (before the reform), 2005 and 2008 (after the reform) in a difference-in-differences framework. We examine three measures of forest management activity, including:...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tenure reform; Property rights; Risk preference; Time preference; Poverty; China; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Risk and Uncertainty; Q2; D8; D9; D13; J22; Q15.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61536

ANÁLISIS DEL DESEMPLEO, LA MIGRACIÓN Y LA POBREZA EN MÉXICO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Figueroa Hernandez,   Esther; Ramirez Abarca,   Orsohe; Gonzalez Elias,   J. Martin; Perez Soto,   Francisco; Espinosa Torres,   Luis Enrique.
Undeveloped economies are dealing with very big issues such as low or null economic growth, higher rates of unemployment, high index of migration and millions of people living in extreme poverty. Therefore, the present investigation aims to analyze unemployment, migration and poverty in Mexico; since unemployment in Mexico has a rate of 5.5% according to INEGI, followed by migration and extreme poverty. One of the most important effects from the previous matters is that they have stimulated people to migrate. Because of the unemployment increase and the low wages in the country it has been stimulated the population to migrate. In addition, in the USA, the unemployment rate of Mexican migrants has raised from 8.0 to 12.0% (2009) approximately, inducing a...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Unemployment; Migration; Poverty; Remittances and income.; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120465

Property Rights and the Management of Animal Genetic Resources
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Simon; Centonze,   Roberta.
Genetic erosion in animal genetic resources (AnGR) is of concern where livelihoods of the poor are affected and option values for society are being lost. The poor often live in marginal areas and their livestock maintain adaptive characteristics. However, processes leading to genetic erosion do not precipitate adaptation through natural selection. This paper explores how local property rights systems in poor communities for AnGR are organized. The dynamism and dialectical aspects of these systems are considered and the impact of their breakdown assessed in terms of AnGR diversity. The conservation of AnGR option values through livestock husbandry by the poor is a hitherto unrecognized and unrewarded service to society.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Animal genetic resource; Property rights; Poverty; Pastoralists; Option value; India; South Asia; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42497

PROGRESA and Its Impacts on the Welfare of Rural Households in Mexico
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Skoufias,   Emmanuel.
In the second half of the twentieth century, many developing countries adopted broad social assistance programs, like food subsidies, ostensibly designed to help poor people. Their effectiveness was mixed and, unfortunately, many of these expensive programs did not make much difference in the lives of poor people, much less help them climb permanently out of poverty. In the 1990s Mexico took a completely new approach. It launched a social program— PROGRESA—that was revolutionary in two ways. First, PROGRESA aimed to integrate interventions in health, education, and nutrition simultaneously, based on an understanding that these dimensions of human welfare are interdependent and that poor health, education, and nutrition are both causes and consequences of...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Rural poor; Government policy; Programa de Educación; Salud y Alimentación (Mexico City; Mexico); Evaluation; Poverty; Government policy; Mexico; Social policy; Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37891

Does Privatization Deliver? Access to Telephone Services and Household Income in Poor Rural Areas Using a Quasi-Natural Experiment for Peru
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chong,   Alberto E.; Galdo,   Virgilio; Torero,   Maximo.
We take advantage of a quasi-natural experiment in Peru by which the privatized telecommunications company was required by government to randomly install and operate public pay phones on small rural towns along the national territory. Using a especially designed household survey for a representative sample of rural towns we are able to link access to telephone services with household income. We find, that regardless of the income measurement, most characteristics of public telephone are positively linked with income. Remarkably, the benefits are given at both non-farm and farm income levels. Not only do the findings hold when using instrumental variables but they are further confirmed when using propensity scores matching methods.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Privatization; Institutions; Rural; Poverty; Telecommunications; Consumer/Household Economics; G32; H10; J45; O1.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25691

Policy Options for Increasing Crop Productivity and Reducing Soil Nutrient Depletion and Poverty in Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nkonya,   Ephraim M.; Pender,   John L.; Kaizzi,   Crammer; Edward,   Kato; Mugarura,   Samuel.
This study was conducted with the main objective of determining the linkages between poverty and land management practices in Uganda. The study used the 2002/03 Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) and more focused data collected from a sub-sample of 851 households of the 2002/03 UNHS sample households. We found that farmers in Uganda deplete about 1.2 percent of the nutrient stock stored in the topsoil per year, which leads to a predicted 0.31 percent reduction in crop productivity. The value of replacing the depleted nutrients using the cheapest inorganic fertilizers is equivalent to about 20 percent of household income obtained from agricultural production. Econometric analysis of the survey results provides evidence of linkages between poverty and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Uganda; Land degradation; Soil nutrient depletion; Poverty; Crop productivity; Natural resource management; Land management; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; Q15; Q57; Q51.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59227

FOOD STAMP BENEFITS AND CHILD POVERTY IN THE 1990s
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jolliffe,   Dean; Tiehen,   Laura; Gundersen,   Craig; Winicki,   Joshua.
In 2000, 8.8 million children received food stamps, making the Food Stamp Program a crucial component of the social safety net. Despite its importance, little research has examined the effect of food stamps on children's overall well-being. Using the Current Population Survey from 1989 to 2001, we consider the impact of food stamps on three measures of poverty - the headcount, the poverty gap, and the squared poverty gap. These measures portray the incidence, depth, and severity of poverty. We find that in comparison to the headcount measure, food stamp benefits lead to large reductions in the poverty gap and squared poverty gap measures. We then simulate the effects of several changes in the distribution of food stamps and find that a general...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food stamps; Children; Poverty; Current Population Survey; Sample design; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33833

Poverty Effects of the Minimum Wage: The Role of Household Employment Composition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fields,   Gary S.; Han,   Baran; Kanbur,   Ravi.
sector employment, uncovered sector employment, and unemployment. The impact of these labor market adjustments on absolute poverty will depend on how the pattern of employment composition changes within households and on how income is shared within households. An earlier paper (Fields and Kanbur, 2007) focused on the income-sharing dimension of the problem. The present paper focuses on household employment composition. For a particular structure of the labor market— one with good jobs, bad jobs, unemployment, and adult and youth workers— and with a particular model of how the sectoral patterns of employment are translated into household employment composition, we analyze the impact of minimum wages on a class of absolute poverty measures. The precise...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Minimum wage; Poverty; Labor market; Financial Economics; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51147

Pedaling out of poverty:  Social impact of a manual irrigation technology in South Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shah,   Tushaar; Alam,   Mahmudul; Kumar,   M. Dinesh; Nagar,   Rashmi K.; Singh,   Mahendra.
An assessment of the social impact of treadle pump technology for manual irrigation in eastern India, the Nepal Terai, and Bangladesh, South Asia's so-called "poverty square." Treadle pump technology can be a powerful tool for poverty reduction in this region. It "self-selects" the poor, and puts to productive use the region's vast surplus family labor. It is claimed that the treadle pump could raise the annual net household income by US$100, on the average.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Treadle pump; Treadle pump technology; Technology transfer; Manual pumps; Water lifting; Low lift pumps; Aquifers; Poverty; Irrigated farming; Social impact; Income; Marketing; Pricing; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44571

Promouvoir les échanges commerciaux pour réduire la pauvreté : les accords de l’ OMC et l’agriculture en Afrique de l’ Ouest. Un rapport de l’ Accord de Coopération no. II sur la sécurité alimentaire
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nouve,   Kofi; Staatz,   John M.; Schweikhardt,   David B.; Yade,   Mbaye.
Ce rapport est une vue d’ensemble sommaire des accords commerciaux de l’ OMC et de leurs implications pour les pays de l’ Afrique de l’ Ouest (ainsi que le Tchad). L’étude décrit les positions adoptées par les pays de l’ Afrique de l’ Ouest sur divers enjeux des négociations commerciales de l’ OMC, tout en comparant ces positions avec celles exprimées par les grands partenaires commerciaux, notamment l’ Union Européenne, le Japon, les U.S.A. et le reste de l’ Afrique Subsaharienne.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: World Trade Organization; Poverty; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Downloads July 2008-June 2009: 7; F0.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54574

Poverty Reduction during the Rural-Urban Transformation - The Role of the Missing Middle
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Christiaensen,   Luc J.M.; Todo,   Yasuyuki.
As countries develop, they undergo a structural transformation from agriculture to manufacturing and services as well as a spatial transformation from rural to urban. Historically, this process has been far from uniform across countries, with some fostering rural diversification out of agriculture and others undergoing rapid agglomeration in mega cities. This paper examines whether the nature of these transformations (rural diversification versus agglomeration in mega-cities) affects the rate of poverty reduction.  Using cross-country panel data for developing countries spanning 1980-2004, it is found that migration out of agriculture into the missing middle (rural nonfarm economy and secondary towns ) is strongly associated with poverty reduction, while...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Rural-urban transformation; Rural non-farm economy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51467

Biofuels, Poverty, and Growth: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis of Mozambique
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arndt,   Channing; Benfica,   Rui M.S.; Tarp,   Finn; Thurlow,   James; Uaiene,   Rafael N.
This paper assesses the implications of large-scale investments in biofuels for growth and income distribution. We find that biofuels investment enhances growth and poverty reduction despite some displacement of food crops by biofuels. Overall, the biofuel investment trajectory analyzed increases Mozambique’s annual economic growth by 0.6 percentage points and reduces the incidence of poverty by about six percentage points over a 12-year phase-in period. Benefits depend on production technology. An outgrower approach to producing biofuels is more pro-poor, due to the greater use of unskilled labor and accrual of land rents to smallholders, compared with the more capital-intensive plantation approach. Moreover, the benefits of outgrower schemes are enhanced...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bio-fuels; Growth; Poverty; Mozambique; Africa; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52004

Gender analysis and reform of irrigation management: concepts, cases, and gaps in knowledge; Proceedings of the Workshop of Gender and Water, 15-19 September 1997, Habarana, Sri Lanka
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Gender; Privatization; Irrigation management; Women in development; Property rights; Water scarcity; Developing countries; Agricultural production; Water resources; Water rights; Poverty; Policy; Economic aspects; Land tenure; Legislation; Rice; Water users' associations; Irrigated farming; Planning; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118416

Rural America At A Glance, 2007 Edition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kusmin,   Lorin D.
Rural America At A Glance, 2007 highlights the most recent indicators of social and economic conditions in rural areas for use in developing policies and programs to assist rural areas. The brochure provides information on key rural conditions and trends for use by public and private decisionmakers and others involved in efforts to enhance the economic opportunities and quality of life for rural people and their communities.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Rural indicators; Population growth; Employment; Rural unemployment; Rural economy; Nonmetro; Metro; Creative occupations; Rural America; Natural amenities; Census data; Educational attainment; College education; Poverty; Domestic migration; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59020

SOBRE A QUEDA DA POBREZA E DA DESIGUALDADE NO AGRÍCOLA/RURAL BRASILEIRO: UMA ANÁLISE EXPLORATÓRIA ENTRE 1992 E 2006
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Figueiredo,   Nelly Maria Sansigolo De; Helfand,   Steven M.; Correa,   Angela Maria Cassavia Jorge; Branchi,   Bruna.
Este artigo tem por objetivo investigar a evolução da renda, da pobreza e da desigualdade na agricultura brasileira a partir dos anos 1990, por Unidade da Federação (UF). Especificamente visa: determinar a velocidade da queda da pobreza nesse período; avaliar os relacionamentos entre renda, pobreza e desigualdade; identificar a existência de padrões específicos, segundo as UF e cortes populacionais, definidos com base em critérios de origem principal da renda do domicílio (atividades agrícolas e não agrícolas) e local da residência (rural ou urbana). Como hipótese de trabalho considera-se que o conjunto de observações é composto pelos domicílios com certo grau de especialização na atividade agrícola, razão pela qual não fazem parte da amostra aqueles com...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Desigualdade; Pobreza; Agricultura; Inequality; Poverty; Agriculture; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109072

Poverty Alleviation or Aggravation? The Impacts of Community Forestry Policies in Nepal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dhakal,   Bhubaneswor; Bigsby,   Hugh R.; Cullen,   Ross.
This research studies the effects on income and employment when externally imposed policies constrain use of common forest resources. Using a mixed-integer linear programming model, the study examines the impacts of conservation-oriented community forest policies in Nepal on three household income groups. The results show that current community forest policies, which direct forest use towards environment conservation and timber production, cause large reductions in employment and income of the poorest households and largely explain the recent increase in rural poverty.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Community forestry; Policy; Poverty; Nepal; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q1.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25576

The Politics of Livestock Sector Policy and the Rural Poor in Bolivia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fairfield,   Tasha.
This paper presents a case study of how livestock policies are made and implemented in a national context, and how they can be improved to better serve the interests of the poor. It seems that good opportunities for improving rural livelihoods in Bolivia through livestock policy are to be found in the camelid sector. Markets for camelid meat, fiber, and leather are currently small but hold significant potential to benefit poor herders in the Andean highlands.  The study used the key informant method supplemented with official documents, newspaper sources and recently published research on the livestock sector. Interviews helped reveal policymaker's’ concerns, whereas field trips allowed the researcher to talk to a few peasants and learn their perspectives...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bolivia; Policymaking; Livestock; Rural development; Poverty; Camelid; Altiplano; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23759

Dynamic Pathways into and out of Poverty: A Case of Small Holder Farmers in Zambia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Banda,   Diana J.; Hamukwala,   Priscilla; Haggblade,   Steven; Chapoto,   Antony.
The study surveyed 127 households from Central, Eastern, Luapula, Northern, and Southern Provinces of Zambia. The primary objective was to explore life-trajectory patterns and key drivers of welfare change. Households were classified based on long term poverty dynamics i.e., how they perceived their welfare compared to that of their parents with the major focus being on households that were better off (BO) than both the parents (parents of head and spouse) and those that were worse off (WO) than both parents were. Poverty was mainly defined from the communities' own perspectives and entailed exploring reasons perceived by participants for decline or improvement in people’s well-being in their communities. The hypotheses that factors such as household...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Zambia; Poverty; Small Holder Farmers; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113649

The differentiated effects of food price spikes on poverty in Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boysen,   Ole; Matthews,   Alan.
This paper applies an integrated CGE-microsimulation model to analyse the impact of the 2006-08 increase in commodity prices on Uganda. Previous impact analysis studies suggested that the food price shock increased poverty in Uganda as there are more net food buyer than net food seller households. We show that the agriculture commodity price shocks were poverty-reducing, but the simultaneous increases in energy and fertiliser prices were poverty-increasing. Overall, poverty decreased in Uganda as a result of external price shocks in the 2006-08 period.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food price shock; Uganda; Microsimulation; Poverty; International Development; Risk and Uncertainty; O55; Q18.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122445

DISTRIBUTIONAL ANALYSIS OF U.S. FARM HOUSEHOLD INCOME
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hopkins,   Jeffrey W.; Morehart,   Mitchell J.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Expenditures; Farm safety net; Household income; Poverty; Stochastic dominance; Wealth; Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36517

Global Macroeconomic Developments and Poverty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bonilla,   Eugenio Diaz.
In the second half of the 1990s, a series of developments led to a renewed academic and policy interest in the intersection of macroeconomic policy and poverty issues in developing countries. The focus of that work was domestic macroeconomic policies. This paper, however, focuses on the international dimension and discusses the links between global macroeconomic conditions and poverty in developing countries since the 1960s. Of course, when analyzing policy impacts, both domestic and international aspects must be considered. However, debates about domestic policies, macro or otherwise, and their impacts on poverty cannot provide an accurate analysis of developing countries’ alternatives and predicaments if they ignore the role, in many cases overwhelming,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Macroeconomics; Poverty; Development; Agriculture; Food Security and Poverty; International Development.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42324

Dynamic Field Experiments in Development Economics: Risk Valuation in Morocco, Kenya, and Peru
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lybbert,   Travis J.; Galarza,   Francisco B.; McPeak,   John G.; Barrett,   Christopher B.; Boucher,   Stephen R.; Carter,   Michael R.; Chantarat,   Sommarat; Fadlaoui,   Aziz; Mude,   Andrew G.
The effective design and implementation of interventions that reduce vulnerability and poverty require a solid understanding of underlying poverty dynamics and associated behavioral responses. Stochastic and dynamic benefit streams can make it difficult for the poor to learn the value of such interventions to them. We explore how dynamic field experiments can help (i) intended beneficiaries to learn and understand these complicated benefit streams, and (ii) researchers to better understand how the poor respond to risk when faced with nonlinear welfare dynamics. We discuss and analyze dynamic risk valuation experiments in Morocco, Peru, and Kenya.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Risk and uncertainty; Dynamics; Experiments; Kenya; Morocco; Peru; International Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90791

Mountains of Maize, Persistent Poverty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jayne,   Thomas S.; Mason,   Nicole M.; Burke,   William J.; Shipekesa,   Arthur M.; Chapoto,   Antony; Kabaghe,   Chance.
The past two years are a tribute to Zambian farmers; they have responded admirably to government efforts to promote maize production. But ironically, rural poverty remains stubbornly high despite the fact that the government has spent over 2% of the nation’s gross domestic product in supporting maize production and subsidizing inputs for farmers. Why is it that maize production has increased so impressively without making a serious dent in rural poverty? And what are the lessons for the new government?
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Maize; Poverty; Zambia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118476

A well of one's own: gender analysis of an irrigation program in Bangladesh
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jordans,   Eva H.; Zwarteveen,   Margreet Z.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Groundwater irrigation; Gender; Women in development; Poverty; Households; Agricultural production; Privatization; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113611

Determinants of Poverty among U.S. Farm Households
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: El-Osta,   Hisham S.; Morehart,   Mitchell J.
This research uses data from the 2004 Agricultural Resource Management Survey and probit regression to examine the determinants of poverty among U.S. farm households. The findings reveal, among others, the importance of a livelihood strategy that combines participation in government programs and off-farm work in lowering poverty rates. Findings also show the importance of educational attainment of the farm operator in mitigating poverty, but only when poverty is measured on a relative rather than an absolute basis. Policy recommendations are provided in the context of these findings.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Composite measure of economic well-being; Government programs; Off-farm work; Poverty; Agricultural Finance; Financial Economics; Labor and Human Capital; J23; J24; D3; I21; I32; C81.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45037

Regression-Based Simulation of Anti- Poverty Policies in Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kraybill,   David S.; Bashaasha,   Bernard.
In this paper, we investigate factors affecting total household consumption and poverty in Uganda using household survey data.  Our analysis indicates that household wellbeing can be improved by expanding education at all levels (primary, secondary, and university), expanding formal employment, increasing the number of microenterprises, reducing the average household size, expanding the number of schools and health facilities so that distance to these facilities is reduced, and by providing electricity, marketing outlets, credit, and telephone service in more communities. To help policymakers assess the effects of particular policies on the national poverty rate, we developed a simulation model from our regression estimates.  The simulations translate the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Household survey; Policy simulation; Political Economy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19203

Philippine Rice and Rural Poverty: An Impact Analysis of Market Reform Using CGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cororaton,   Caesar B.
This paper looks at how Philippine trade reform which consists of tariff reduction and elimination of quantitative restrictions (QR) on rice imports will affect poverty within two world trade scenarios: Doha and free world trade. The impact of Doha is very small and generates biased effects against agriculture. The impact of Philippine trade reform within the Doha agenda magnifies this biased effect, making rural households worse-off compared to urban households. However, eliminating rice QR generates a set of effects where consumer price reduction dominates nominal income decline. Thus, real income improves and poverty declines across household groups, but the net effects are lower in rural than in urban households. The impact of a free world trade...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Rice; Impact analysis; Agriculture; Poverty; Computable general equilibrium CGE; Trade reform; Doha agreement; Free trade; Rural households; Urban households; Consumer prices; Philippines; Food Security and Poverty; Marketing; F1; I3; N5; O5; Q0; Q1.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58578

Food Security and Nutrition in Bangladesh: Progress and Determinants
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hossain,   Mahabub; Naher,   Firdousi; Shahabuddin,   Quazi.
For Bangladesh food security was synonymous with achieving self-sufficiency in rice production and stabilization in rice prices. The country has made good progress in increasing rice production through technological progress, facilitated by private sector investment in small scale irrigation. But, it is difficult to sustain the progress made in view of the growing pressure of population on scarce land resources. Domestic food grain production remains susceptible to floods and droughts thereby perpetuating the threat of major production shortfalls, inadequate food availability, and vulnerability from fluctuation in prices. The availability of other foods has not increased, and the progress in nutritional outcome has remained slow. Forty percent of the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Bangladesh; Food security; Nutrition; Poverty; Safety nets; Natural disasters; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/110131

Institutional factors affecting irrigation performance in Pakistan: research and policy priorities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bandaragoda,   Don Jayatissa; Firdousi,   G.R.
The strong irrigation tradition has sustained the broad based community interest in irrigation. The result is a very complex institutional milieu in which a set of formally established irrigation rules and organizations exists side by side with an intricate set of social institutions. The two sets act like a dual system often in conflict with each other. The authors, while analyzing the present institutional barriers, have highlighted the importance of irrigation rules and procedures in the institutional framework.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Performance evaluation; Institutions; Poverty; Legislation; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113726

Consumption Growth and Agricultural Shocks in Rural Madagascar
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thomas,   A.-C.; Gubert,   F.; Frahan,   Bruno Henry de.
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of rainfall and agricultural shocks on consumption growth in Madagascar. We are also interested in the impact of local endowments in infrastructures and social services on consumption growth. To achieve this goal, a micro model of household consumption growth is estimated thanks to household panel data collected by the Reseau des Observatoires Ruraux (ROR) between 1999 and 2004. Additional data sources include the 2001 communes census organized by the Ilo program of Cornell University. Altogether these different data sources make an unusually rich data set, at least when considered with developing country standards. We use panel data fixed effect estimation technique to remove unobserved household and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Risks; Growth; Poverty; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43610

Developing effective institutions for water resources management:  A case study in the Deduru Oya Basin, Sri Lanka
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Somaratne,   Pallewatte G.; Jinapala,   Kiribandage; Perera,   L.R.; Ariyaratne,   Badugodahewa Ranjith; Bandaragoda,   Don Jayatissa; Makin,   I.W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: River basins; Water resource management; Water lifting; Wells; Domestic water; Population; Economic aspects; Income; Irrigation programs; Institutions; Policy; Groundwater; Agricultural development; Fish farming; Pumps; Ecology; Water supply; Drought; Poverty; Land use; Water scarcity; Natural resources; Agricultural production; Cropping systems; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; Production Economics; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92665

Indian Farmers'  Valuation of Crop Yield Distributions: Will poor farmers value 'pro-poor' seeds?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lybbert,   Travis J.
Potential poverty traps among the rural poor suggest a need to reduce poor farmers' vulnerability by stabilizing crop yields and limiting yield losses. Advances in agricultural biotechnology enable breeders to address this need more directly than ever before with crops that reduce production risk by tolerating climate fluctuation or resisting biotic stresses. Will poor farmers who could benefit most from less vulnerability choose to purchase such risk-reducing seeds? I use data from a household survey and experiment involving farmers in India to infer their valuation of changes in the mean, variance, and skewness of yield distributions. I conclude that these farmers value increases in expected yield in the yield distribution but seem indifferent about...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Risk; Biotechnology; Experimental Economics; Farm Management; C9–; D8; O1; Q1.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19160

Poverty Targeting, Resource Degradation and Heterogeneous Endowments – A Micro-Simulation Analysis of a Less Favored Ethiopian Village
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kuiper,   Marijke H.; Ruben,   Ruerd.
Persistent and widespread poverty in less favored areas (LFAs) is attributed to fragile natural resources and poor markets. Limited assets may keep households outside the reach of poverty policies targeted at LFAs. We explore in a stylized manner the role of heterogeneous household assets for (1) policies aimed at poverty reduction; (2) within-village income inequality; (3) soil erosion. With a farm-household microsimulation model we analyze for each household in a remote Ethiopian village three sets of policies: technology improvement, infrastructure investment, and off-farm employment through migration or cash for work (CFW) programs. Combating poverty with a single policy, migration reduces the poverty headcount most. Because of self-selection, CFW...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Less-favored areas; Farm households; Poverty; Erosion; Micro-simulation; Ethiopia; Food Security and Poverty; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C6; Q12; Q56.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25340

Living on the margin: Assessing the economic impacts of Landcare in the Philippine uplands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Newby,   Jonathan C.; Cramb,   Rob A.
In the Philippines, about 38 per cent of the population resides in rural areas where poverty remains a significant problem. In 2006, 47 per cent of all households in Bohol Province fell below the national poverty line, with the percentage even higher in upland communities. These households often exist in marginal landscapes that are under significant pressure from ongoing resource degradation and rising input costs. This paper first explores whether the adoption of Landcare practices in a highly degraded landscape has resulted in improved livelihood outcomes for upland farming families in Bohol. Second, it analyses the potential for the piecemeal adoption of these measures to deliver tangible benefits at the watershed scale. Finally, using a BCA approach,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Landcare; Philippines; Livelihoods; Poverty; Watershed; ACIAR.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48061

The Dissemination of Private Wells and Double Tragedies: The Overexploitation of Groundwater among Well Users and Increased Poverty among Non-Well Users in Tamil Nadu, India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kajisa,   Kei; Palanisami,   Kuppannan; Sakurai,   Takeshi.
This paper investigates the impact of the dissemination of modern irrigation systems, i.e. private wells with pumps, on the livelihood not only among the farmers who have access to wells but also among the farmers who have no access to wells and thus rely solely on traditional irrigation systems called tank irrigation systems. The analysis is based on a village and household data set collected in Tamil Nadu, India where tank irrigation systems have been managed collectively for rice cultivation. Our statistical analyses predict that once declines in collective management occur due to the dissemination of private wells, the rice yield and income of the no-well-access farmers alone will decrease, resulting in increased poverty among them. Our analyses also...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Irrigation; Well; Common property; Poverty; India; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O3; O13; Q25.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25682

Enhancing Sustainable Development of Diverse Agriculture in Sri Lanka
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mahrouf,   Abdul R.M.
This report presents the findings of phase I of the study, which provides a descriptive and quantitative analysis of the current status of CGPRT crops and identifies the constraints faced in developing diverse agriculture in Sri Lanka. Assessing the socio-economic impacts of recent developments in Sri Lanka, including trade liberalization on the production of CGPRT crops, and the identification of constraints and opportunities towards the sustainable development of diverse agriculture for poverty alleviation was the primary objective of this study. Ten major CGPRT crops grown in Sri Lanka were studied in detail in relevance to agricultural diversification and poverty alleviation. Key Words: diversification, food crops, agriculture, poverty
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Diversification; Food crops; Agriculture; Poverty; Crop Production/Industries; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32679

Poverty program participation and employment in timber-dependent counties
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berck,   Peter; Costello,   Christopher; Hoffmann,   Sandra A.; Fortmann,   Louise.
This paper uses cointegrated time-series methods to evaluate the effect of timber employment on participation in a major poverty program-Aid to Families with Dependent Children-Unemployed Parent (AFDC-UP). The study is conducted for major timber-producing counties in California. It is shown that a two-sector structural model can be solved to produce an error-correction model. An error-correction model is estimated with time series on state and county AFDC-UP caseload, state employment, county nontimber employment, and county timber employment. Utilizing tests on the cointegrating space, it is shown that there is no long-run relationship between poverty and timber employment in 10 of the 11 counties studied.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Afdc; Economic conditions; Employment; Poverty; Timber; Time-series analysis; Food Security and Poverty; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43913

Would Freeing Up World Trade Reduce Poverty and Inequality? The Vexed Role of Agricultural Distortions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym; Cockburn,   John; Martin,   William J.
Trade policy reforms in recent decades have sharply reduced the distortions that were harming agriculture in developing countries, yet global trade in farm products continues to be far more distorted than trade in nonfarm goods. Those distortions reduce some forms of poverty and inequality but worsen others, so the net effects are unclear without empirical modeling. This paper summarizes a series of new economy-wide global and national empirical studies that focus on the net effects of the remaining distortions to world merchandise trade on poverty and inequality globally and in various developing countries. The global LINKAGE model results suggest that removing those remaining distortions would reduce international inequality, largely by boosting net farm...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Income inequality; Price distortions; Farm trade policy; International Development.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58880

Economic Theories of the Family and Discrimination in a Social Context: Entitlements of Kondh Tribal Females in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Roy,   Kartik C.; Ghose,   Ananda.
Economic theories of the family and gender discrimination within the family are examined in the context of Kondh dominated tribal villages in rural western Orissa, India, drawing on results from a survey of 106 wives. The survey involved direct interviews using a structured questionnaire. This article examines the relevance of economic unitary and bargaining theories of the family in this social context, drawing on background literature. Using the survey results, socioeconomic influences on the status of wives within their families are analysed and the entitlements of female and male children are compared and analysed. Because of cultural embedding, it is suggested that the relevance of economic theories of the family depend significantly on cultural...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic theories of family; Gender inequality; Human capital; Poverty; Resource endowments; Consumer/Household Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100214

Effects of Markets on Poverty and Economic Inequality: Evolutionary and Ethical Perspectives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Taking into account Kuznet’s hypothesis, considers the general relationship between the evolution and extension of market systems and the incidence of poverty and economic inequality.  It suggests that a re-evaluation of the Kuznet’s curve is needed because income inequality has been rising in many countries, with growing economic liberalisation, expansion of globalisation and greater reliance on markets.  Nevertheless, societies that experience a rapid transition from traditional, centrally controlled, or social welfare economic systems to market-based ones often experience a substantial rise in their incidence of poverty and income inequality, at least initially. Some of the reasons for this and the processes mentioned are outlined. The recent upward...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Kuznet's curve; Economic inequality; Poverty; Economic growth; Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123543

Covariate Shocks and Rural Poverty in Burkina Faso
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sakurai,   Takeshi; Savadogo,   Kimseyinga.
The civil war in Côte d’Ivoire has caused an increase in household size due to returnees and a decrease in remittance received in rural Burkina Faso.  This paper, taking advantage of a rare dataset covering the covariate shocks caused by the Ivorian Crisis, examines empirically the impact of such shocks on households’ welfare in rural Burkina Faso.      It is found that the number of working-age returnees increases household cropped area: one working-age returnees increase 0.64 ha of cropped area and that the decrease of remittance from Côte d’Ivoire increases non-agricultural income: 1 FCFA reduction of remittance increases 0.78 FCFA of non-agricultural income.  In spite of those coping behaviors, this paper demonstrates that the households do not fully...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Covariate shocks; Poverty; Remittance; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Risk and Uncertainty; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51722

Poverty transition through targeted programme: the case of Bangladesh Poultry Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Akter,   Shaheen; Farrington,   John.
Poverty transition through a capacity development programme called the Bangladesh Poultry Model is assessed using self-assessment dimension in a quasi experiment framework. Current poverty situation is compared with money metric measure. The programme involves longer term intervention towards building the strength of stakeholders such as government department, NGOs, village organisations and women beneficiaries. A number of key questions related to poverty transition through poultry based activities, heterogeneity in livelihood choice and its impact on household welfare, extent of poverty reduction etc. are answered for policy recommendations. Data are drawn from a survey of 400 beneficiary households in 2006; about 50% of them are survivors in the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bangladesh; Poultry; Poverty; Asset-base Framework; O3; Q16.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36765

PERSISTENT POCKETS OF EXTREME AMERICAN POVERTY: PEOPLE OR PLACE BASED?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Partridge,   Mark D.; Rickman,   Dan S.
Over the past four decades almost 400 U.S. counties have persistently had poverty rates in excess of 20 percent. These counties are generally characterized by weak economies and disadvantaged populations. This raises the hotly debated question of whether poverty-reducing policies should be directed more at helping people or helping the places where they reside. Using a variety of regression approaches, including geographically weighted regression analysis, we consistently find that local job growth especially reduces poverty in persistent-poverty counties.  We also find that persistent-poverty counties do not respond more sluggishly to exogenous shocks, nor do they experience more adverse spillover effects from their neighboring counties.  Finally, we...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Persistent poverty; Economic development policies; Place-based policies; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18907

Pathways out of Poverty in Western Kenya and the Role of Livestock
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kristjanson,   Patricia; Krishna,   Anirudh; Radeny,   Maren; Nindo,   W.
The objectives of the study were to obtain a better understanding of households' pathways into, and out of, poverty, with poverty defined from the communities' own perspective. The authors used a community-based methodology called the 'stages of progress' approach to assess household poverty dynamics in 20 communities and for over 1,700 households representing two different ethnic groups in Western Kenya. The proportion of households that had managed to escape poverty over the last 25 years was ascertained, as well as the proportion of households that had fallen into poverty during the same period. The major reasons for movements into or out of poverty were elicited at both the community and household-level, and in particular, the role that livestock play...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Livestock; Western Kenya; Vihiga District; Siaya District; Stages of progress; Food Security and Poverty; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23779

Poverty dimensions of irrigation management transfer in large-scale canal irrigation in Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat, India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Koppen,   Barbara; Parthasarathy,   R.; Safiliou,   Constantina.
A growing body of evidence on the impacts of irrigation management transfer (IMT) shows that IMT risks aggravating rural poverty. For governments that aim to continue irrigation management while ensuring that it contributes to poverty alleviation, a "pro-poor" mode of IMT needs to be designed and implemented. That is, a mode of IMT that benefits poor farmers while benefiting non-poor farmers equally, or perhaps to a lesser degree. The present research explores the scope for pro-poor modes of IMT in canal irrigation, focusing on large-scale canal irrigation schemes in India.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Privatization; Poverty; Farm size; Landlessness; Tenancy; Water users’ associations; Irrigation canals; Large-scale systems; Water distribution; Cost recovery; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44564

Impact of irrigation on poverty and environment in Ethiopia. Draft Proceeding of the Symposium and Exhibition held at Ghion Hotel, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 27th -29th November, 2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Awulachew,   Seleshi Bekele; Loulseged,   Makonnen; Yilma,   Aster Denekew.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Crop management; Irrigated farming; Rainfed farming; Irrigation systems; Food security; Water harvesting; Institutions; Environmental effects; Public health; Malaria; GIS; Remote sensing; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118410

AGRICULTURAL POLICIES IN VIETNAM: PRODUCER SUPPORT ESTIMATES, 1986-2002
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nguyen,   Hoa; Ulrike,   Grote.
Since 1986, Vietnam started to move from a centrally-planned towards a market-oriented system. It underwent several major economic and trade reforms – a process which is still not completed. At the same time, it also started to open its economy. Vietnam has become a member of the ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AFTA), signed several bilateral trade agreements and is currently negotiating accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). First positive results of the reform process became visible in the early 1990s when poverty declined to a large extent. Since then, the Vietnamese agricultural sector has also experienced high growth and impressive export achievements. The country changed from a food importer to one of the major exporters worldwide. The question...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policies; Markets; Free trade; Trade agreements; World Trade Organization; Poverty; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60456

Pakistan's Cotton and Textile Economy: Intersectoral Linkages and Effects on Rural and Urban Poverty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cororaton,   Caesar B.; Orden,   David.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Textile industry; Cotton Trade; Poverty; Economic Conditions; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47659

Effects of Livelihood Assets on Poverty Status of Farming Households’ in Southwestern, Nigeria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lawal,   Justina Oluwayemisi; Omonona,   Bolarin T.; Oyinleye,   O.D.
Poverty as a multi-dimensional phenomenon is determined by a wide range of factors one of which is the non-equity in distribution and scarcity of assets in development opportunities. The eradication of poverty in rural Nigeria remains a hard challenge for the country to overcome despite the various poverty eradication programmes implementation at different levels of government. This study examined the effects of farmers’ household livelihood assets on poverty. Primary data were collected using well structured questionnaire from 135 farming households in Egbeda Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Foster Greer Theobecke (FGT) weighted poverty index and Logit regression model. The result shows that poverty...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Farming household; Livelihood assets; Logit; Nigeria; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114392

Impact of the food safety policies on the reduction of poverty in Tunisian rural areas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Khaldi,   Raoudha; Dhraief,   Mohamed Zied; Haddad,   Samia; Rached,   Zouhair; Padilla,   Martine.
The observed trend of decreasing poverty in Tunisian rural areas, where agriculture is still dominated by family and where illiteracy rate and family size are high, questions may be raised about the economic policies adopted by the state. This article puts the analyses of these policies in the framework of food safety issue as food and poverty are tightly related and as food safety objective is multi-sectorial and multi-disciplinary. In economic development plans, food safety objective took the place of self-sufficiency. The analysis of food safety policy is based on a macro-economic analysis of the offer (policies of production pricing and subsidizing, investment policies) and demand (Policies of consumption subsidies and consumer prices) as well as the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Rural area; Structure adjustment; Food safety; Agricultural and food policies.; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7928

Targeting Research for Enhanced Impact on Poverty in Marginal Areas: The Representative Case of the Dry Areas of Syria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: La Rovere,   Roberto; Aw-Hassan,   Aden.
Agricultural research in marginal dry areas can contribute to reducing poverty through the development of technological, institutional and policy options for poor farmers by addressing diversified opportunities and development pathways. This paper analyzes the diversity of rural livelihood strategies in the Khanasser Valley in northwest Syria, an area representative of marginal drylands. We experimentally define an operational classification of household typologies based on their different livelihood strategies, capabilities, and opportunities by applying a Sustainable Livelihoods framework. Livelihoods diversity has implications on where and how research must be targeted to have impact on poverty. Households less endowed in land and natural resources and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Impact; Livelihoods; Marginal Areas; Poverty; Syria; D1; I3; O3; Q12; Q16; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25722

IMPACTS OF COMMUNITY-DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS ON INCOME AND ASSET ACQUISITION IN AFRICA: THE CASE OF NIGERIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nkonya,   Ephraim M.; Phillip,   Dayo; Mogues,   Tewodaj; Pender,   John L.; Kato,   Edward.
This study evaluates the impacts of a community-driven development (CDD) project on household income and acquisition of productive assets in Nigeria. Using panel data and difference-in-differences and propensity score matching approaches, the study finds that the project succeeded in targeting the poor and women farmers in its productive asset acquisition component. Participation in the project also increased the income of beneficiaries by about 60%, which is well above the targeted increase of only 20% in the 6-year period of the project.  However, sustainability of this dramatic achievement is uncertain since the project did not involve rural credit services. The large cash transfer through its productive asset acquisition component is also unsustainable.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nigeria; Africa; Community-driven development; Impact evaluation; Poverty; Targeting; Income; Assets; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; H43; H42; Q13; Q15.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50537

Trends in the Production, Trade, and Consumption of Food-Legume Crops in Sub-Saharan Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Akibode,   Comlanvi Sitou.
Food legumes in Sub-Saharan Africa play a vital role by being a source of livelihood for millions of people; and offer tremendous potential to contribute to the alleviation of malnutrition among resource-poor farmers. They contribute to the sustainability of cropping systems and soil fertility. Cowpea and dry beans are the two main food legume crops grown in Sub-Saharan Africa. Area harvested under all food legumes was more than 20 million ha in 2006-08, representing 28% of the global food legume area harvested. Yields are low compared to other developing and developed countries; however they have increased at an annual rate of 1.6% with an increase in production of 3.9% per year. The region has stayed a net importer over the period. Price has increased 5%...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Security; Poverty; International Development; Marketing; Production Economics; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Marketing; Production Economics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114247

Will Buying Tropical Forest Carbon Benefit The Poor? Evidence from Costa Rica
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   Suzi; Lipper,   Leslie; Pfaff,   Alexander S.P.; Cavatassi,   Romina; Davis,   Benjamin; Hendy,   Joanna; Sanchez,   Arturo.
We review claims about the potential for carbon markets that link both payments for carbon services and poverty levels to ongoing rates of tropical deforestation. We then examine these effects empirically for Costa Rica during the 20th century  using an econometric approach that addresses the irreversibilities in deforestation. We find significant effects of the relative returns to forest on deforestation rates. Thus, carbon payments would induce conservation and also carbon sequestration, and if land users were poor could conserve forest while addressing rural poverty. However, we find poorer areas are less responsive to returns. This and  transaction costs could lead carbon payments policies not to be focused upon the poor. Other practical considerations...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Use; Deforestation; Poverty; Climate Change; Development; Costa Rica.; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; I32; O13; Q51; Q54; Q56; Q31.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23807

ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF HIGH-YIELDING VARIETIES OF MAIZE IN RESETTLEMENT AREAS OF ZIMBABWE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bourdillon,   Michael; Hebinck,   Paul; Hoddinott,   John; Kinsey,   Bill; Marondo,   John; Mudege,   Netsayi; Owens,   Trudy.
This study is part of a larger effort to explore the impact of agricultural research on poverty reduction. It examines the diffusion and impact of hybrid maize in selected resettlement areas of rural Zimbabwe, paying particular attention to varieties made widely available from the mid-1990s onwards. While “Zimbabwe’s Green Revolution” of the early 1980s was characterized by the widespread adoption of hybrid maize varieties and significant increases in yields, the subsequent diffusion of newer varieties occurred more slowly and had a more modest impact. Several factors account for this. Government now plays a much-reduced role and one that increasingly focuses on “better farmers.” Private-sector institutions that have entered the maize sector operate mainly...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Agricultural research; Sustainable livelihoods; Vulnerability; Agricultural extension; Social capital; Hybrid maize; Zimbabwe; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16407

Adoption and impacts of microirrigation technologies: Empirical results from selected localities of Maharashtra and Gujarat states of India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Namara,   Regassa E.; Upadhyay,   Bhawana; Nagar,   Rashmi K.
This report analyzes the economics of alternative microirrigation technologies ranging from low-cost drip and sprinkler systems to the capital-intensive systems, the determinants of adoption of microirrigation technology, the poverty outreach of the different microirrigation systems, and the sustainability implications of microirrigation adoption.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Irrigation systems; Microirrigation; Models; Poverty; Rural women; Cropping systems; Food security; Economic aspects; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44543

Examining Collective Action among Mieso Agropastoralists of Eastern Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beyene,   Fekadu; Hagedorn,   Konrad.
An increasing scarcity of water for crop farming and livestock watering among agropastoralists of Mieso in Eastern Ethiopia has largely disrupted their livelihoods. Indigenous water well maintenance and government initiated rainwater harvesting are two important collective actions common among these communities. With the aim of examining collective action institutions in both cases, we collected data from different stakeholders and individual members. Theoretically, low level of physical assets (action resource) limits participation of an individual in collective action. In our case, other factors such as environmental uncertainty and lower level of dependence on the resource have been found to be more significant in limiting membership than limitation of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Collective Action; Agropastoralists; Institutions; Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; D71; Z13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25797

O Desafio da Transversalidade e Equidade de Gênero e Raça nas Políticas Públicas: Estudo do Orçamento do Município de Cuiabá no ano de 2005
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mendes,   Carlos Magno; Carvalho,   Rubiane Prado de; Ventura,   Moises de Sena.
Este estudo buscou avaliar a contribuição dos programas desenvolvidos com a intenção de reduzir as desigualdades no município de Cuiabá, em 2005, e seu impacto sobre a pobreza. E teve por objetivo conhecer o orçamento municipal, a partir de uma análise transversal de gênero e raça, tendo como marco legal os programas contidos no Plano Plurianual (PPA 2002-2005), dado seu caráter estratégico no processo de planejamento-orçamento, e na concepção e formulação das políticas públicas, que incorporam em seu corpo conceitual e metodológico a busca pela eqüidade de gênero e raça com vistas a corrigir as desigualdades que se manifestam na sociedade entre homens e mulheres de diferentes grupos raciais/étnicos. Apresenta um diagnóstico, em que mapeia e caracteriza a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Desigualdade; Políticas públicas; Pobreza; Gênero; Programas.                           Disparities; Public policies; Equity; Poverty; Programs.; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107857

Remittances, Inequality and Poverty: Evidence from Rural Mexico
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   J. Edward; Mora,   Jorge; Adams,   Richard H., Jr.; Lopez-Feldman,   Alejandro.
Remittances
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Migration; Remittances; Inequality; Poverty; Mexico; Food Security and Poverty; International Development.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60287

Taking a multiple-use approach to meeting the water needs of poor communities brings multiple benefits
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); International Water and Sanitation Centre; Global Water Partnership (GWP).
This briefing was produced by International Water Management Institute (IWMI), the IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre, the Technical Committee of the Global Water Partnership (GWP) and the GWP Advisory Center at IWMI. It draws primarily on research from the Multiple Use Systems (MUS) project and the Productive Uses of Water Thematic Group (Prodwat) (see references for further reading). The brief complements Catalyzing Change, the GWP handbook for developing IWRM and water efficiency strategies and plans, and the associated policy and technical briefs. Single-use approaches to water development and management do not reflect the realities of poor people’s water use. People use domestic water supplies for activities such as irrigating backyard...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water use; Domestic water; Irrigation water; Poverty; Water supply; Drinking water; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113060

Pathways of development in the hillsides of Honduras
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pender,   John L.; Scherr,   Sara J.; Duron,   Guadalupe.
"May 1999." Includes bibliographical references (p. 45-46). Published, in 2000, under same title, in D.R. Lee and C.B. Barrett, eds., Tradeoffs or Synergies? Agricultural Intensification, Economic Development and the Environment.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Natural resources; Poverty; Technical assistance; Agricultural development; Honduras; Land management; International Development.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97465

A COMPARISON OF FOOD ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS IN MEXICO AND THE UNITED STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gundersen,   Craig; Yanez,   Mara; Valdes,   Constanza; Kuhn,   Betsey A.
The social safety nets in Mexico and the United States rely heavily on food assistance programs to ensure food security and access to safe and nutritious foods. To achieve these general goals, both countries' programs are exclusively paid for out of internal funds and both target low-income households and/or individuals. Despite those similarities, economic, cultural, and demographic differences between the countries lead to differences in their abilities to ensure food security and access to safe and nutritious foods. Mexico uses geographic and household targeting to distribute benefits while the United States uses only household targeting. U.S. food assistance programs tend to be countercyclical (as the economy expands, food assistance expenditures...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food assistance programs; Social safety net; Targeting methods; Macroeconomy; Poverty; Progresa; DICONSA; FIDELIST; LICONSA; DIF; Food Stamp Program; WIC; The National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33859

Pobreza e impactos heterogeneos de las politicas activas del empleo juvenil: el caso de PROJOVEN en el Peru
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Galdo,   Jose; Jaramillo,   Miguel; Montalva,   Veronica.
El presente estudio analiza la relación entre la pobreza de los hogares y los impactos de políticas activas de promoción del empleo en el Perú. En particular, analizamos el Programa de Capacitación Laboral Juvenil PROJOVEN, que, desde 1996, ha beneficiado directamente a cerca de 50.000 jóvenes pobres. La situación de pobreza de los beneficiarios de PROJOVEN es aproximada con un índice basado en 21 activos de los hogares. Tres resultados principales emergen. Primero, las desigualdades demográficas y socioeconómicas encontradas entre los beneficiarios y la población elegible se deben principalmente a decisiones individuales de los jóvenes antes que a decisiones administrativas del operador del programa. Segundo, se observa alta heterogeneidad en la...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Pobreza; Programas de capacitacion; Jovenes; Empleo juvenil; Evaluacion de proyectos; Poverty; Training programmes; Young; Youth employment; Project evaluation; Labor and Human Capital; I38; H43; C13; C14.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55934

Associations between Poverty and Socio-economic Variables in a Typical Tswana Rural Village: New Insights
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moepeng,   Pelotshweu T.; Tisdell,   Clement A.
This paper reports on and analyzes primary survey data obtained from a survey of household heads on the rural village of Nshakazhogwe, a typical rural village in northeast Botswana. It examines the associations between the incidence of poverty of household heads in this village and the values of several socio-economic variables. The socio-economic variables considered are the age of the household head, the level of their educational attainment, their gender, the number of sources from which they obtain their income, whether or not they have some wage employment, whether they receive income transfers privately or from the government, whether they conduct a home business and whether or not they obtain income from sales of livestock, crops or natural...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Botswana; Poverty; Incidence of Poverty; Household heads; Gender; Education; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123546

CONSUMPTION INSURANCE AND VULNERABILITY TO POVERTY: A SYNTHESIS OF THE EVIDENCE FROM BANGLADESH, ETHIOPIA, MALI, MEXICO, AND RUSSIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Skoufias,   Emmanuel; Quisumbing,   Agnes R.
This paper synthesizes the results of five studies using household panel data from Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Mali, Mexico and Russia, which examine the extent to which households are able through formal and/or informal arrangements to insure their consumption from specific economic shocks and fluctuations in their real income. Building on the recent literature of consumption smoothing and risk sharing, the degree of consumption insurance is defined by the degree to which the growth rate of household consumption covaries with the growth rate of household income. All the cases studies show that food consumption is better insured than nonfood consumption from idiosyncratic shocks. Adjustments in nonfood consumption appear to act as a mechanism for partially...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bangladesh; Consumption; Ethiopia; Income; Mali; Mexico; Poverty; Risk-sharing; Russia; Vulnerability; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16424

Determinants of Income Diversification among Fishing Communities in Western Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olale,   Edward; Henson,   Spencer J.; Cranfield,   John A.L.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Income Diversification; Fish worker; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Production Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61259

Livestock Production and the Rural Poor in Andhra Pradesh and Orissa States, India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Turner,   Robin L.
This paper analyzes the political economy of the livestock sector in two Indian states, Andhra Pradesh and Orissa. The aim is to identify politically feasible interventions that could have broad positive effects on poor rural livestock producers in these states. To that end, the paper assesses the relationship between land, livestock, and poverty, describes the organization of the sector, and analyzes the political and bureaucratic interests shaping livestock policy.  The study used the key informant method supplemented with official documents, newspaper sources and recently published research on the livestock sector. Interviews helped reveal policymakers’' concerns, whereas field trips allowed the researcher to talk to a farmers and learn their...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: India; Orissa; Andhra Pradesh; Policymaking; Livestock; Rural development; Poverty; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23781

Persistent Pockets of Extreme American Poverty and Job Growth: Is There a Place-Based Policy Role?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Partridge,   Mark D.; Rickman,   Dan S.
Over the past four decades almost 400 U.S. counties have persistently experienced poverty rates in excess of 20%. This raises the question of whether poverty-reducing policies should be directed more at helping people or helping the places where they reside. Using a variety of approaches, including geographically weighted regression analysis, we find that local job growth especially reduces poverty in persistent-poverty counties. Findings also show that these counties do not respond more sluggishly to exogenous shocks. Finally, this analysis identifies some key geographic differences among persistent-poverty clusters. Taken together, place-based economic development has a potential role for reducing poverty in these counties.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Economic development; Geographically weighted regression; Persistent poverty; Place-based policies; Poverty; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8599

What makes exit from poverty: Investigation of smallholder women livestock farmers in Bangladesh
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Akter,   Shaheen; Farrington,   John.
Shaheen Akter and John Farrington..."What makes exit from poverty ....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Women and livestock; Livelihood Strategies; Asset-base Framework; Bangladesh; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Livestock Production/Industries; O1; O3; Q16.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51165

Does Agriculture Help Poverty and Inequality Reduction? Evidence from Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Viet Cuong,   Nguyen.
This paper measures impacts of production of crops, forestry, livestock and aquaculture on household welfare, poverty and inequality in rural Vietnam using fixed-effects regressions. Data used in this paper are from Vietnam Household Living Standard Surveys 2002 and 2004. It is found that impact estimates of the production of crops and forestry on per capita income and consumption expenditure are not statistically significant. Impact estimates of the livestock production are positive and statistically significant for per capita income, but not statistically significant for per capita expenditure. However, the aquacultural production has positive and statistically significant impacts on both income and expenditure. As a result, the aquacultural production...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Farm households; Welfare; Poverty; Inequality; Vietnam; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; I32; Q12; O13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118576

Economic Liberalization and Rural Land and Labour Markets in India: A Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gandhi,   Vasant P.
The paper examines the rural land and labour markets in the context of economic liberalization in India. Land and labour are the two fundamental resources available to the rural people for income generation. The access to land and to employment for labour become basic determinants of well-being for the rural households. Reforms are often seen as hostile to rural areas and the poor, although they should be beneficial not only for overall growth, but also rural growth and poverty alleviation. The study based on primary household data examines the land and labour markets in the reform period and the underlying linkages of these to different characteristics of the household. The study finds that over the reform period in India the land markets are leading to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Reform; Land; Labour; Development; Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25749

Enhancing Sustainable Development of Diverse Agriculture in Viet Nam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anh,   Dao The; Thinh,   Le Duc; Bihn,   Vu Trong.
The objective of the study is to investigate the socio-economic impacts of recent developments in the regional and global economic environment, including trade liberalization on upland agriculture at a village level and identifying constraints to the sustainable development of diversified agriculture, in particular upland agriculture based on CGPRT crops in Viet Nam.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Diversification; Food crops; Poverty; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32673

Trade, Standards and Poverty. Evidence from Senegal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maertens,   Miet; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
The debate on trade and poverty is reinforced by recent studies on the role of standards. It is argued that increasing standards act as trade barriers for developing countries and cause further marginalization of the poor. This paper is the first to quantify income and poverty effects of such high-standards trade and to integrate labor market effects, by using company and household survey data from the vegetable export chain in Senegal. We find that exports have grown sharply despite increasing standards, resulting in important income gains and poverty reduction. Our estimates indicate that poverty is 14 % points lower due to vegetable exports. Tightening food standards induced a shift from smallholder contract-based farming to large-scale integrated...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade; Poverty; Standards; Vertical coordination; Contract farming; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; F14; F16; I3; Q12; Q13; Q17.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7924

Shocks, Groups, and Networks in Bukidnon, Philippines
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quisumbing,   Agnes R.; McNiven,   Scott; Godquin,   Marie.
This study examines the role of groups and networks in helping poor Filipinos manage their exposure to risks and cope with shocks. It brings together two strands of literature that examine how social capital affects economic variables and investigate the processes by which social capital formation, participation in networks and groups, and trusting behavior comes about. Using a longitudinal study from a province in Northern Mindanao, Philippines, the authors find that households belong to a number of formal and informal groups and networks, but participation differs according to household characteristics. Households belonging to the lower asset quartiles belong to fewer groups, and households with more human and physical capital have larger social...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Social networks; Groups; Social capital; Poverty; Remittances; Philippines; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44357

Farm Productivity and Rural Poverty in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Datt,   Gaurav; Ravallion,   Martin.
To what extent do India’s rural poor share in agricultural growth? Combining data from 24 household sample surveys spanning 35 years with other sources, we estimate a model of the joint determination of consumption-poverty measures, agricultural wages, and food prices. We find that higher farm productivity brought both absolute and relative gains to poor rural households. A large share of the gains were via wages and prices, though these effects took time. The benefits to the poor were not confined to those near the poverty line.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm income; India; Rural poor; Prices; Poverty; Food Security and Poverty; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97041

Can the FISP More Effectively Achieve Food Production and Poverty Reduction Goals?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burke,   William J.; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Sitko,   Nicholas J.
Despite being framed as a key component of the nation’s poverty reduction strategy, evidence suggests that inputs distributed under Zambia’s Farmer Input Support Programme (FISP) tend to be targeted to the least poor rural households.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Food Policy; Poverty; Food Security; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123208

Poverty, AIDS, Orphanhood, Gender, and Child Schooling in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of the Evidence
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mather,   David.
There is growing concern that the HIV/AIDS epidemic may reduce long-term human capital development through reductions in child schooling in SSA, thus severely limiting the longterm ability of orphans and their extended families to escape poverty. In response, some have called for targeted schooling subsidies for orphans and other children made vulnerable by HIV/AIDS, on the assumption that such children are under-enrolled. This paper provides an overview of the data sources used by existing empirical studies that test for orphan schooling deficits and the methodological challenges that they face. It then reviews the empirical evidence on the effects of orphan status or adult mortality on child schooling, as well as the prevalence of orphans in SSA and...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: HIV/AIDS; Child schooling; Poverty; Sub-Saharan Africa; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119319

Food Security in Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Staatz,   John M.; Boughton,   Duncan; Donovan,   Cynthia.
This paper provides a systematic definition of food security, focusing on its different dimensions; examines the nature and magnitude of the different dimensions of food insecurity in developing countries; discusses the difficult tradeoffs that policy makers face in trying to address food security’s multiple dimensions simultaneously; and explores promising new approaches to address food insecurity. The geographic focus is on Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, where the majority of the world’s food insecure people live.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Hunger; Poverty; Food policy; Economic development; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; O13; O19; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49227

Rural and Urban Dynamics and Poverty: Evidence from China and India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fan,   Shenggen; Chan-Kang,   Connie; Mukherjee,   Anit.
The rural and urban sectors of an economy are interconnected economically, financially, and socially. Ideally, resources such as capital and labor should move freely between these two sectors. In an undistorted economy, marginal returns to production factors should be equal. As a result, labor productivity and consequently per capita income should be the same. Many have argued that there should not be any distinction between rural and urban sectors. Indeed, there has been a growing interest in the development literature on the linkages between rural and urban development (DfID 2003). However, the relationship between urban and rural sectors in many developing countries is still characterized by an economic dualism, in other words, by the coexistence of a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Urban-rural linkages; Poverty; China; India; Food Security and Poverty; International Development.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59598

Poverty and Agricultural Growth: Chile in the 1990s
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Ramon E.; Anriquez,   Gustavo.
This paper analyzes the roles of agriculture in reducing poverty. Following the methodology proposed by Lopez (2002), three channels by which agricultural growth reduces poverty are tested: (i) its effects on the real wage of unskilled workers (and/or its possible effect in reducing their unemployment); (ii) the direct impact of agricultural growth on the income of poor farmers; and, (iii) the effect on real food prices. The paper concludes that the pro-poor role of agricultural expansion is dramatic. Agricultural growth tends to improve all measures of poverty significantly with head count falling around 7.3% as a consequence of a 4.5% increase in agricultural output. An important result is that while the economy-wide effects taking place via food prices...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural growth; Chile; Poverty; Rural development; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12013

PRÓ-POBRE OU EMPOBRECEDOR: QUAL ACONTRIBUIÇÃO DO CRESCIMENTO ECONÔMICO PARA ALAGOAS?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tejada,   Cesar Augusto Oviedo; Jacinto,   Paulo De Andrade; Bezerra,   Luciane De Araujo; Santos,   Anderson Moreira Aristides Dos.
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre crescimento econômico e a pobreza para as microrregiões do estado de Alagoas, utilizando dados do Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano para os anos 1991 e 2000. Buscou-se analisar em que medida o crescimento econômico tem se revelado um instrumento relativamente eficaz de combate à pobreza do ponto de vista qualitativo, ou seja, se esse crescimento pode ser considerado pró-pobre. Para tanto, foi estimada a elasticidade da pobreza em relação ao crescimento econômico para as microrregiões alagoanas, que apresentou uma relação negativa entre a pobreza e crescimento econômico. Em seguida foi construída a curva “crescimento-pobreza” para as microrregiões de Alagoas. E os resultados indicam que na maioria...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crescimento pró-pobre; Pobreza; Alagoas; Pro-poor growth; Poverty; Alagoas; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108622

Bringing pumps to people: giving the poor better access to groundwater irrigation: sustainable approaches and options for eastern India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: International Water Management Institute,   IWMI-TATA Water Policy Program.
The State government has a vital role to play in developing groundwater resources to help improve the lot of the poorest people in eastern India's rural communities. Many States have tried to achieve this over the past 50 years through centrally planned public tube-well programs. Recently published research says that most of these efforts have failed to bring irrigation or improved livelihoods to the poor. This research shows how policy makers can have a significant positive impact on poverty reduction by removing pump subsidies and opening pump markets to international competition. Subsidies and import restrictions have kept pump prices in India artificially inflated, by more than 35-45%, over those of neighbouring Pakistan and Bangladesh. If a 'shock...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Groundwater irrigation; Pumps; Tube wells; Energy; Electricity supplies; Poverty; Food Security and Poverty; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113062

Can Small Farmers Survive, Prosper, or be the Key Channel to Cut Mass Poverty?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lipton,   Michael.
The paper reviews the role of small farms in development and poverty reduction in countries (or regions within a country) with persistent mass poverty. It discusses the arguments supporting the importance of agricultural development for poverty and argues that initial success in reduction of mass poverty requires prior agricultural developments. It explores in particular the role of smallscale farming and policy requirements to ensure the competitive advantage of small farms.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Agriculture; Agricultural development; Small-scale farming; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/110129

Forestry policy and poverty: the case of community forestry in Nepal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dhakal,   Bhubaneswor; Bigsby,   Hugh R.; Cullen,   Ross.
Common forests in developing countries are valuable sources of raw material supplies, employment and income generation, particularly for low income households. This paper looks at the effect on income and employment when common forest resources have external policies that constrain their use. Using a mixed-integer linear programming model, this study examines the impacts of conservation-oriented community forest policies in Nepal on three household income groups. The results show that current community forest policies, which focus on environmental outcomes through forest use restriction for environment conservation and timber production, result in a large reduction in employment and income of the poorest households and largely explain the recent increase...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Forestry policy; Poverty; Nepal; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98500

The Role of Non-Farm Incomes in Reducing Rural Poverty and Inequality in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Janvry,   Alain; Sadoulet,   Elisabeth; Zhu,   Nong.
China's record in reducing rural poverty has been nothing short of spectacular and should be a source of lessons for other countries. Rural poverty reduction is generally sought in the role of agriculture in contributing to farm incomes. However, non-farm employment in rural areas can also be a major contributor. Using detailed household survey data from Hubei province, we simulate the counterfactual of what rural households' incomes, poverty, and inequality would be in the absence of access to non-farm sources of income. Results show that, without non-farm employment, rural poverty would be much higher and deeper, and that income inequality would be higher as well. We find that education, proximity to town, neighborhood effects, and village effects are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Non-farm income; Inequality; Poverty; China; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty; D63; O15; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25043

Transitions Out of Poverty: Drivers of Real Income Growth for the Poor in Rural Pakistan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dorosh,   Paul A.; Malik,   Sohail J.
In spite of rapid overall economic growth in the 1990s, rural poverty in Pakistan did not decline. Panel data covering rural households in four districts in Pakistan suggest that real incomes of many households declined between the early 1990s and 2002, in spite of modest gains in agricultural output at the provincial and national levels. Net crop income increased by 38 percent for the total sample and by 81 percent growth for poor farmers, whose total incomes rose by 23 percent. Nevertheless, rural non-agricultural incomes fell by 30 percent overall and by 16 percent for poor households, indicating that the income and employment multipliers of agricultural growth were insufficient to lead to substantial gains in rural non-farm incomes. A decline in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural Development; Poverty; South Asia; Food Security and Poverty; I3; O18; O2.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25387

Multiple-use water services to advance the millennium development goals
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Koppen,   Barbara; Moriarty,   Patrick; Boelee,   Eline.
This research report presents the findings of the first phase of the action-research project "Models for implementing multiple-use water supply systems for enhanced land and water productivity, rural livelihoods and gender equity." Multipleuse water services, or "mus" in short, is a participatory, integrated and poverty-reduction focused approach in poor rural and peri-urban areas, which takes people's multiple water needs as a starting point for providing integrated services, moving beyond the conventional sectoral barriers of the domestic and productive sectors.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water supply; Poverty; Models; Irrigation water; Domestic water; Drinking water; Gender; Cost recovery; Water quality; Environmental sustainability; Participatory management; Social participation; Legislation; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44523

Navigating the Perfect Storm: Reflections on the Food, Energy, and Financial Crises
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Headey,   Derek D.; Malaiyandi,   Sangeetha; Fan,   Shenggen.
The closely interlinked food, fuel and financial crises pose a significant new challenge to the global effort to reduce poverty. In short run, the oil-biofuels nexus was clearly the driving force behind the surge in food prices, but export restrictions and panic purchases turned a tightened market situation into a crisis. New evidence reveals that food prices rose sharply in many countries, and that global poverty levels have increased markedly. The good news is that the supply response in many countries was strong. The impacts of the financial crisis on poor countries have yet to fully roll out, but it is clear that additional people will fall into poverty and become food insecure. Lastly, the global food system is fundamentally changing in a number of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food crisis; Energy crisis; Financial crisis; Agricultural development; Poverty; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53212

Smallholder Income Diversification in Zambia: The Way Out of Poverty?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bigsten,   Arne; Tengstam,   Sven.
1) One can achieve poverty reduction in rural areas of Zambia by both growth and inequality reduction, but growth must be the main driver; 2) Rural income growth does not come from agriculture alone so options to diversify income are very important and should be pursued; 3) But careful attention is required to focus on improved endowments and reduced constraints facing households trying to improve agriculture directly as well as trying to improve possibilities of income diversification away from agriculture; and 4) Land per labourer, education, and location (market access and infrastructure) are key dimensions to understand and figure out how to improve.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Zambia; Small holder; Poverty; Income; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Q20.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54637

Institutional settings and livelihood strategies in the Blue Nile Basin: Implications for upstream/downstream linkages
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haileslassie,   Amare; Hagos,   Fitsum; Mapedza,   Everisto; Sadoff,   Claudia W.; Awulachew,   Seleshi Bekele; Gebreselassie,   Solomon; Peden,   Don.
Through rapid assessment of existing literature and review of policy and other official documents, the report synthesizes the existing knowledge and gaps on policies and institutions and identifies key research issues that need in-depth study. The report provides an overview of the range of key livelihoods and production systems in the Blue Nile Basin (BNB) and highlights their relative dependence on, and vulnerability to, water resources and water-related ecosystem services. It also makes an inventory of current water and land related policies and institutions in the BNB, their organizational arrangements, dynamics and linkages and key policy premises. It highlights the major problems in institutional arrangements and policy gaps and makes suggestions for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: River basins; Water policy; Institutions; Institutional development; Farming systems; Mixed farming; Cereals; Sorghum; Irrigated farming; Vegetables; Pastoralism; Poverty; Water supply; Sanitation; Labor; Ecosystems; Energy; Water power; Watershed management; Water harvesting; Legal aspects; Environmental policy; Water users associations; Irrigation programs; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91871

Income and Poverty Impacts of USAID-Funded Programs to Promote Maize, Horticulture, and Dairy Enterprises in Kenya, 2004-2010
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smale,   Melinda; Mathenge,   Mary K.; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Magalhaes,   Eduardo Castelo; Olwande,   John; Kirimi,   Lilian; Kamau,   Mercy W.; Githuku,   James.
Since 2002, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has funded programs to promote maize, dairy, and horticulture enterprises among smallholder farmers in Kenya under the Strategic Objective 7 of Increased Rural Household Incomes. On behalf of USAID, Tegemeo Institute has conducted household surveys to help track key indicators that monitor progress in the implementation of these programs. The first survey was conducted in 2004. Subsequent surveys were conducted every two years (i.e., 2006, 2008, and 2010). The sample comprises households participating and those not participating in the programs. The programs monitored include the Kenya Maize Development Program (KMDP), the Kenya Horticulture Development Project (KHDP), and the Kenya...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Kenya; Income; Poverty; Household surveys; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121864

DYNAMICS OF POVERTY AND FOOD SUFFICIENCY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ribar,   David C.; Hamrick,   Karen S.
This study examines dynamics in poverty and food insufficiency using newly available longitudinal data from the 1993 panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation SIPP) and the follow-on Survey of Program Dynamics (SPD). The study uses these data to characterize the incidence and dynamics of poverty and food problems for the entire U.S. population and for different subgroups. It also estimates multivariate, discrete-choice regression models to examine the factors associated with transitions into and out of poverty and food insufficiency, and it analyzes the empirical results in the context of a life-cycle model of income and food consumption. Results indicate that the incidence of food insufficiency in the United States is low-less than 3 percent...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food sufficiency; Food insufficiency; Food security; Food insecurity; Poverty; Well-being; Hunger; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33851

The characteristics of poverty in Serbia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tinde,   Dobrodolac.
Half of the global population is regarded as poor to the extent that the very lives of a large number of people are endangered. Poverty is a multi-dimensional worldwide problem of modern society. In addition to similarities with other countries in transition, Serbia shows some specific features. The Government of Serbia adopted the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper in 2003.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Sustainable development; Poverty reduction strategy; Transition; Public Economics; I30; P46.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94596

Poverty in India and Indian States: An Update
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Datt,   Gaurav.
A complete and updated series on poverty measures for India is presented spanning the period 1951–1994. The series are presented at the all-India level as well as for 15 major states, and for rural and urban sectors separately. Key features of the evolution of poverty in India are described.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Poverty; India; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97044

Determinants of Household Poverty Dynamics in Rural Regions of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baiyegunhi,   L.J.S.; Fraser,   Gavin C.G.
Poverty has always been studied in a world of certainty. However, if the aim of studying poverty is not only improving the well-being of households who are currently poor, but also preventing people from becoming poor in the future, a new forward looking perspective must be adopted. For thinking about appropriate forward-looking anti-poverty interventions (i.e. interventions that aim to prevent or reduce future poverty rather than alleviate current poverty), the critical need then is to go beyond a cataloging of who is currently poor and who is not, to an assessment of households’ vulnerability to poverty. This study analyses a panel dataset on a representative sample of 150 rural households interviewed in 2007 and 2008 in the Amathole District...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Vulnerability; Poverty dynamics; Risks; Rural households; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97078

Agriculture and poverty: Farming for food or farming for money?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pauw,   Kalie.
The dualistic nature of the South African economy manifests itself to a large extent in the agricultural sector, where ownership and access to land was previously reserved and is still mainly controlled by white farmers. This has contributed to the huge disparities in the income levels of black and white agricultural households. In this paper two South African household surveys are used to analyse agricultural inequality using various decomposition techniques. It is found that inequalities within agriculture are higher and more pronounced along racial lines than inequalities among non-agricultural households. Agricultural inequalities also differ structurally from those in the rest of society and are explained largely by differences in the ownership of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural sector; Poverty; Inequality; Household income sources; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10122

AN OPERATIONAL METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE POVERTY OUTREACH PERFORMANCE OF DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS: RESULTS FROM FOUR CASE STUDIES IN AFRICA, ASIA AND LATIN AMERICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zeller,   Manfred; Sharma,   Manohar P.; Henry,   Carla; Lapenu,   Cecile.
Many development projects seek to reach the poorest in the provision of agricultural inputs, extension, credit, education, and many other services.  However, low-cost and reliable methods for assessing whether a project reaches the poor are lacking at present.  In this paper, we present an operational method that was designed during a two-year research project from 1999-2001 with the support of an international donor-coordination office.  The objective of the research was to develop and test a new method that could be later used by development practitioners to assess the poverty level of beneficiaries of development projects that target the poor in relation to the general population in the intervention area.  The method constructs a poverty index using...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Targeting; Evaluation; Principle component analysis; Food Security and Poverty; International Development.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25907

Poverty, Political Failure and the Use of Open Access Resources in Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This paper begins by distinguishing open-access resources from common-property resources, the use of which is subject to communal rules.  In practice, it is suggested that these cases are the outcomes of a spectrum of property rights.  The standard economic theory of the use of open-access resources as developed by Western economists is outlined and ways in which it has limited applicability to developing countries are suggested.  This theory does not, for example, consider the possibility that incomes in open-access situations may fall to subsistence levels, as appears to be common in developing countries.  A model is presented in which the long-run equilibrium involves a subsistence level of income which may be at or near a poverty level.  This seems...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Common-property resources; Open-access resources; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55094

Poverty, Livestock and Household Typologies in Nepal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maltsoglou,   Irini; Taniguchi,   Kiyoshi.
Agriculture and livestock are key components of the livelihoods of the poor. Livestock make a substantial contribution to household livelihood's’ and currently sustain the livelihoods of an estimated 700 million rural poor in developing countries. In Nepal, poverty levels are extremely high and more than 80% of the population relies on the agriculture sector for employment and income generation.   In this context, it is important to be able to understand the link between poverty and livestock and the possible impact of livestock policies on the poor. The aim of the analysis presented in this paper is twofold: firstly, to gain an in-depth understanding of the features that characterize the poor in Nepal so as to determine the role livestock plays in and for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Livestock; Income; Nepal; Home consumption; Cash income; Household typologies; Food Security and Poverty; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23784

ON THE EMPIRICAL FINDING OF A HIGHER RISK OF POVERTY IN RURAL AREAS: IS RURAL RESIDENCE ENDOGENOUS TO POVERTY?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fisher,   Monica G.
Research shows households are more likely to be poor in rural versus urban America. Does this phenomenon partly reflect that people who choose rural residence have unmeasured attributes related to human impoverishment? To address this, two models are estimated using Panel Study of Income Dynamics data. A single equation Probit model of household poverty replicates the well-documented finding of higher poverty risk in rural places. However, a two-stage instrumental variables approach accounting for residential choice finds no measured effect of rural location on poverty. Results suggest failure to correct for endogenous rural residence leads to over-estimation of the "rural effect".
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Endogeneity; Households; Instrumental variables; Poverty; Rural; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18917

Income Diversification and Poverty in the Northern Uplands of Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Minot,   Nicholas; Epprecht,   Michael; Anh,   Tran Thi Tram; Trung,   Le Quang.
Urbanization and income growth within developing countries have created large markets for meat, milk, fish, fruits, and vegetables, while trade liberalization and foreign investment have connected farmers in developing countries with high-income consumers in other countries. In the first half of the 1990s, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) carried out a series of studies on the impact of agricultural commercialization on farm income and nutrition, finding that the effects were generally positive. More recently, IFPRI research explored the “livestock revolution” and its effect on small farmers, as well as the dramatic growth in international trade in fish and seafood, in which developing countries play an increasingly important role....
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Vietnam; Northern; Income; Rural conditions; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37884

Prospects for adopting system of rice intensification in Sri Lanka: A socioeconomic assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Namara,   Regassa E.; Weligamage,   Parakrama; Barker,   Randolph.
Today, there is an increasing worldwide interest in assessing the potential for maintaining or increasing rice yields by reducing or eliminating the use of chemicals and by decreasing irrigation requirements. The System of Rice  Intensification (SRI) first developed in Madagascar and now being tested in many countries, is an example of such an approach. The system is based largely on organic farming principles and additional requirements for spacing and the transplanting of seedlings.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Models; Rice; Paddy fields; Irrigated farming; Rain-fed farming; Poverty; Farmers; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44561

The Cost of Living and the Geographic Distribution of Poverty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jolliffe,   Dean.
The prevalence of poverty has been greater in nonmetro areas than in metro areas in every year since the 1960s when poverty rates were first officially recorded. Accordingly, Federal funds for social assistance programs and community development have favored nonmetro areas. This study suggests that adjusting poverty measures to account for cost-of-living differences between metro and nonmetro areas reverses that ranking. Once adjusted for cost-of-living differences using the Fair Market Rents index, metro poverty is greater than nonmetro poverty in terms of prevalence, depth, and severity over the entire 1991-2002 study period.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Cost-of-living adjustments; Fair Market Rents data; Urban-rural comparison; Sample design; Current Population Survey; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7254

How pro-poor are participatory watershed management projects?: An Indian case study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kurian,   Mathew; Dietz,   Ton.
This report draws on a survey and case study evidence from 28 watershed management groups in Haryana to argue that participatory watershed management projects need not necessarily safeguard the interests of poorer rural households.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Watershed management; Participatory management; Poverty; Farm income; Labor; Households; Women; Forest management; Dams; Irrigated farming; Case studies; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44542

Road Improvement and Poverty Reduction in Laos
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Warr,   Peter G.
Laos is a mountainous country with poor roads and a high rate of poverty incidence, especially in rural areas. It is obvious that better roads could reduce poverty, but by how much? And what forms of road improvement reduce poverty the most? The economic effects of road improvement are complex and multi-channeled. This paper uses a multi-household general equilibrium modeling approach to study these issues. The results indicate that road improvement does reduce poverty but that the quantitative impact depends heavily on the types of road that are provided and the areas in which the road is located.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: General equilibrium modelling; Infrastructure; Poverty; Southeast Asia.; Food Security and Poverty; Public Economics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10416

Rural America at a Glance, 2010 Edition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kusmin,   Lorin D.; Hertz,   Thomas.
Rural America At A Glance, 2010 Edition highlights the most recent indicators of social and economic conditions in rural areas for use in developing policies and programs to assist rural areas. The 2010 edition focuses on the U.S. rural economy, including employment trends, poverty, and demographics.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Rural indicators; Population; Employment; Rural unemployment; Nonmetropolitan; Nonmetro; Rural economy; Metro; Rural America; Census data; Population growth; Unemployment; Poverty; Demographics; ERS; USDA; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96637

Impact of a Commodity Price Spike on Poverty Dynamics: Evidence from a Panel of Rural Households in Bangladesh
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Balagtas,   Joseph Valdes; Bhandari,   Humnath; Mohanty,   Samarendu; Cabrera,   Ellanie; Hossain,   Mahabub.
In this paper we assess the effects of the dramatic rise in agricultural commodity prices during 2007-2008 on income dynamics and poverty among rural households in Bangladesh. We use data from a nationally representative longitudinal survey of rural households in Bangladesh collected in four waves in 1988, 2000, 2004, and 2008. Nargis and Hossain (2006) analysed income dynamics and poverty incidence for the first three waves, finding a declining trend in both the incidence and depth of poverty, aided by in particular by human capital development and the off-farm labor opportunities. Here we update the analysis to include data collected in 2008, at the height of the aforementioned spike in agricultural prices. We find that various measures of rural poverty...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Income; Commodity price spike; Rural households; Bangladesh; Panel data; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124225

Poverty and Social Deprivation in Botswana: A Rural Case Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moepeng,   Pelotshweu T.; Tisdell,   Clement A.
Poverty and social deprivation in Botswana are rising in rural areas while they are declining in urban towns and villages. Revenue from diamond mining is thought to have made a significant contribution to reducing poverty levels in cities and urban villages. However, the benefits from diamond revenue are perceived to have not reversed trends in rural poverty. In this study, contingency tables and chi-square tests are used to determine whether there is an association between the gender, educational status, and age of household heads and whether or not they believe their household is in the 20% of the least well-off households, in their selected rural village, Nshakashogwe. Such less well-off households if not in absolute poverty, are likely to be in...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Botswana; Gender inequality; Education; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123455

Poverty and Distribution: Twenty Years Ago and Now
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kanbur,   Ravi.
This paper adopts the “Rip Van Winkle” stratagem, of asking what differences would be noticed, in the domain of poverty and distribution, by someone who fell asleep in 1987 (the year I published my paper on poverty in the IMF Staff Papers, and woke up only in 2007 (the year I visited the IMF to work on the present paper). I highlight, somewhat idiosyncratically, ten such differences under three broad headings: Facts and Empirics, Concepts and Theory, and Policies and Interventions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Income Distribution; Development; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; D31; D63; I32; I38; O15.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48918

What Is the Impact of Non-Contributory Pensions on Poverty? Estimates from Brazil and South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barrientos,   Armando.
This paper considers the impact of cash transfer programmes for the old in Brazil and South Africa on poverty among households with older people. Using datasets collected specifically for the purpose, the paper constructs conditional and unconditional estimates of the poverty reduction capacity of these programmes. The paper finds that non-contributory pensions have a measurable and significant impact upon poverty reduction and poverty prevention in the two countries studied.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Pensions; South Africa; Brazil; Food Security and Poverty; H55; I32; I38; J14.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30556

FOOD SECURITY, POVERTY, AND ECONOMIC POLICY IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lofgren,   Hans; Richards,   Alan.
In MENA, household food insecurity, which is closely related to poverty and undernourishment, is most severe in rural areas and concentrated within Iraq, Sudan, and Yemen. 25% of the MENA population may be poor and 7% undernourished. The key to increased national and household-level food security is pro-poor growth, driven by export-oriented, labor-intensive sectors. Agricultural sector policies should be subordinate to the pro-poor growth goal and not to the goal of food self-sufficiency. Such a strategy requires conflict resolution; macroeconomic stability; physical and human capital accumulation; reliance on markets and the private sector, and diffusion of ecologically friendly farming practices.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Middle East and North Africa; Food security; Poverty; Agriculture; Development strategy; Food Security and Poverty; O13; O53; Q18.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16274

Reducing poverty through integrated management of groundwater and surface water
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Global Water Partnership (GWP Advisory Center).
The full poverty-fighting potential of existing irrigation schemes is not being realized—largely because of inequitable water distribution and unsustainable land and water management practices. An integrated water resources management (IWRM) approach reveals opportunities to reduce poverty and improve overall agricultural productivity and sustainability in these systems. Research in India and Pakistan has highlighted one such opportunity—integrated management of surface water and groundwater—that has great potential for water-short systems with variable groundwater resources. By considering groundwater availability and quality when allocating surface water, water managers could improve the situation of millions of poor farmers with inadequate access to...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Groundwater management; Irrigation management; Domestic water; Poverty; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113059

The 1990s in Latin America: Another Decade of Persistent Inequality, but with Somewhat Lower Poverty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Szekely,   Miguel.
This paper processes 76 household surveys from 17 Latin American countries to document changes in poverty and inequality during the 1990s, and performs an analysis of the effect of economic reforms on inequality and poverty by using an expanded data base of 94 surveys spanning the 1977-2000 period. We show that there is no country in Latin America where inequality declined during the 1990s. Poverty declined in 10 or 11 out of the 17 countries for which household surveys are available to us, depending on the poverty measured used. Persistently high inequality inhibited further poverty reduction. One important factor contributing to the persistently high inequality level is financial liberalization. Trade liberalization and slight inequality-reducing effect.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Inequality; Poverty; Latin America; Food Security and Poverty; D31; O12; O54.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43997

Trade Liberalisation and Poverty in Bangladesh: A General Equilibrium Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nahar,   Bodrun; Siriwardana,   Mahinda.
This paper uses a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to investigate the impact on poverty of trade liberalisation in Bangladesh. The simulation results show that the complete removal of tariffs favours export oriented sectors in the economy. With trade liberalisation, rural and urban areas experience an overall reduction in poverty in the short run. However, a marginal increase in the poverty gap and poverty severity for urban areas is projected, implying that the poor become poorer in urban areas. Moreover, poverty incidences vary among various socio-economic groups. In the short run, poverty incidence increases for rural landless and urban illiterate and low-educated household groups. In contrast, the long run results highlight that trade...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade Liberalisation; Poverty; Bangladesh; Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model.; International Relations/Trade; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47629

Poverty estimates from Uganda National Household Survey  III, 2005/2006
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ssewanyana,   Sarah N.; Okidi,   John A.
Using 2002/03 and 2005/2006 nationally representative household surveys, poverty headcount index declined from 38.8% respectively. The corresponding poverty gap ratio declined from 11.9% to 8.7%. While all Ugandans enjoyed an increase in consumption between the sample periods, the rate of growth in consumption was slightly higher for the lower percentiles. The led to a significant improvement in the distribution of income as demonstrated by the decline in the Gini coefficient from 0.428 to 0.408. The urban areas continue to have higher rates of inequality, nonetheless, they witnessed a significant improvement. the Gini coefficient declined from 0.483 in 2002/03 to 0.432 in 2005/06. Overall, the improvement in the distribution of income had a positive...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Income poverty; Uganda National Household Survey; Consumption poverty; Uganda; Ssewanyana; Okidi; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Political Economy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54710

Who Should be Interviewed in Surveys of Household Income?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fisher,   Monica G.; Reimer,   Jeffrey J.; Carr,   Edward R.
This study tests the null hypothesis that it is sufficient to interview only the household head to obtain accurate information on household income. Results show that using a husband’s estimate of his wife’s income does not produce statistically reliable results for poverty analysis. Estimates of the wife’s income provided by the husband and wife are in agreement in only six percent of households. While limiting interviews to one person has the advantage of reducing the time and expense of household surveys, this appears detrimental in terms of accuracy, and may lead to incorrect conclusions on the determinants of poverty.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Africa; Gender; Household dynamics; Household surveys; Malawi; Poverty; Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95950

Impact Evaluation of a Conditional Cash Transfer Program: The Nicaraguan Red de Proteccion Social
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maluccio,   John A.; Flores,   Rafael.
In the 1990s Mexico launched a new social program—PROGRESA (now known as Oportunidades). As a conditional cash transfer program, PROGRESA integrated investment in human capital with access to a social safety net. From 1998 to 2000, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) assisted in evaluating the program. Much of the ensuing research is summarized in IFPRI Research Report 139 by Emmanuel Skoufias. Since the inception of PROGRESA, several countries, particularly in Latin America, have implemented similar programs. One reason for the growing popularity of these programs is that, by encompassing various dimensions of human capital, including nutritional status, health, and education, they are able to influence many of the key indicators...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Red de Protección Social (Nicaragua); Evaluation; Economic assistance; Domestic; Nicaragua; Public welfare; Child welfare; Poverty; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37889

Wetlands, agriculture and poverty reduction
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCartney,   Matthew P.; Rebelo,   Lisa-Maria; Senaratna Sellamuttu,   Sonali; De Silva,   Sanjiv.
In many places, growing population, in conjunction with efforts to increase food security, is escalating pressure to expand agriculture within wetlands. The environmental impact of wetland agriculture can have profound social and economic repercussions for people dependent on ecosystem services other than those provided directly by agriculture. If wetlands are not used sustainably, the functions which support agriculture, as well as other food security and ecosystem services, are undermined. This report synthesizes findings from multidisciplinary studies conducted into sustainable wetland agriculture by IWMI and partners in Africa and Asia. It highlights the value of wetland agriculture for poverty reduction as well as the need for more systematic planning...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Wetlands; Agriculture; Productivity; Ecosystems; Poverty; Food security; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113010

Gender and Poverty: New Evidence from 10 Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quisumbing,   Agnes R.; Haddad,   Lawrence James; Pena,   Christine.
This paper presents new evidence on the association between gender and poverty based on an empirical analysis of 11 data sets from 10 developing countries. The paper computes income- and expenditure-based poverty measures and investigates their sensitivity to the use of per capita and per adult equivalent units. It also tests for differences in poverty incidence between individuals in male- and female-headed households using stochastic dominance analysis. Stochastic dominance analysis reveals that differences between male- and female-headed households among the very poor are not sufficiently large that one can conclude that one is unambiguously worse- or better-off, except for a few exceptions. When we use the method of endogenous bounds, persons in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Gender; Household resource allocation; Households; Poverty; Rural population; Developing Countries; Ghana; Bangladesh; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97310

Rural Poverty and Employment Effects of Bt Cotton in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Subramanian,   Arjunan; Qaim,   Matin.
The impact of genetically modified (GM) crops on the poor in developing countries is still the subject of controversy. While previous studies have examined direct productivity effects of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton and other GM crops, little is known about wider socioeconomic outcomes. We use a microeconomic modelling approach and comprehensive survey data from India to analyze welfare and distribution effects in a typical village economy. Bt cotton adoption increases aggregate employment with interesting gender implications. Likewise, aggregate household incomes rise, including for poor and vulnerable farmers, highlighting that Bt cotton contributes to poverty reduction and rural development.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Genetically modified crops; Poverty; Rural development; Village economy; Social accounting matrix; Impacts; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50555

Rising World Food Prices and Poverty in Fiji: A Developing Country Micro-Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haszler,   Henry; Natasiwai,   Tevita; Gonemaituba,   Waisiki.
Until the world financial crisis struck, commodity and food prices seemed to be on an inexorable uptrend. The increases caused widespread concern about the effects of higher food prices on poverty. These concerns are relevant to the poor people everywhere but are especially relevant to poor people in developing countries who must spend high proportions of their incomes on food. In this analysis we use data from the Fiji Islands Household Income and Expenditure Survey of 2002 – 2003 to assess the likely effects of the increase in food prices in Fiji over 2002 to mid 2008 on the incidence of poverty in Fiji. We review and discuss the impacts of some of the Fiji Islands Government’s responses designed to alleviate the impacts on the Fiji Islands community.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food prices; Development; Poverty; Household survey; Case study; Fiji; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47634

Global Trade Reforms and Income Distribution in Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brooks,   Jonathan; Dewbre,   Joe.
This paper examines the effects of trade and domestic agricultural policy reforms on the distribution of incomes in six developing countries: Brazil, China, India, Malawi, Mexico and South Africa. The aggregate results from a global trade model are fed into separate national models. The insights available from alternative model types are evaluated. The distributional impacts of reform are found to be complex and to vary between countries. Given that it is typically impossible to reform (or equally not reform) without hurting some households with lower incomes, the conclusion is that it makes sense to help these households with targeted policies.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Trade reform; Liberalisation; Agriculture; Income distribution; Poverty; General equilibrium; Financial Economics; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/110130

Reducing Poverty through Investments in Agricultural Water Management: Poverty and Gender Issues and Synthesis of Sub-Saharan Africa Case Study Reports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Koppen,   Barbara; Namara,   Regassa E.; Safilios-Rothschild,   Constantina.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Irrigated farming; Investment; Poverty; Gender; Cropping systems; Labor; Manual pumps; Case studies; Crop Production/Industries; Labor and Human Capital; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92404

The 2011 Surplus in Smallholder Maize Production in Zambia: Drivers, Beneficiaries, &amp; Implications for Agricultural &amp; Poverty Reduction Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mason,   Nicole M.; Burke,   William J.; Shipekesa,   Arthur M.; Jayne,   Thomas S.
In 2011, Zambia recorded its second consecutive record-breaking maize harvest, and aggregate maize production levels in 2011 were more than double the average level from 2006 to 2008. The expansion in maize production over the period corresponds with the scaling up of the Government of the Republic of Zambia's (GRZ) two flagship agricultural sector programmes. These are: (i) maize purchases at pan-territorial, above-market prices through the Food Reserve Agency (FRA); and (ii) subsidized fertilizer distribution through the Fertilizer Support Programme and its successor, the Farmer Input Support Programme (FSP/FISP). More than 90% of GRZ funding for Poverty Reduction Programmes is devoted to the FRA and FSP/FISP, yet there has been no major reduction in...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Maize; Zambia; Poverty; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118477

Enhancing Sustainable Development of Diverse Agriculture in Bangladesh
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alam,   Jahangir.
The report presents the current status of some selected CGPRT Crops (secondary crops) and examines their potentials in enhancing the sustainable development of diverse agriculture in Bangladesh. Agriculture in Bangladesh is composed of crop, livestock, fisheries and forestry subsectors. This study deals primarily with crop agriculture and the scope of diversification is limited to crop rather than agricultural diversification.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Diversification; Food crops; Poverty; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32719

WHY IS U.S. POVERTY HIGHER IN NONMETROPOLITAN THAN METROPOLITAN AREAS? EVIDENCE FROM THE PANEL STUDY OF INCOME DYNAMICS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fisher,   Monica G.
In the United States, low-income people are not evenly distributed across the rural-urban landscape. Does this phenomenon partly reflect that people who "choose" to live in rural areas have unmeasured attributes related to poverty? To address this question, I use data from nine waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to track economic well-being and rural/urban residential choice among a sample of 6,461 householders. A series of multivariate regression models are estimated in which the dependent variable is a householder's income to need and explanatory variables are individual attributes and place-level factors, including whether the county of residence is nonmetropolitan (nonmetro). First I estimate an ordinary least squares (OLS) model which...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Rural; Poverty; Residential mobility; Omitted variable bias; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18904

Trade, Political Influence and Liberalization: Situating the Poor in the Political Economy of Livestock in Senegal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gning,   Martha C.
This paper presents a case study of how livestock policies are made and implemented in a national context, and how they can be improved to better serve the interests of the poor. In Senegal, approximately one-third of all households depend on livestock for some portion of their livelihood, yet, the sector has not received significant state or private investment, nor has it received a significant amount of bi-lateral and international assistance.  The study used the key informant method supplemented with official documents, newspaper sources and recently published research on the livestock sector. Interviews helped reveal policymakers' concerns, whereas field trips allowed the researcher to talk to farmers and learn their perspectives from the bottom....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Senegal; Policymaking; Livestock; Rural development; Poverty; Livestock Production/Industries; Political Economy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23763

Children's Educational Completion Rates and Dropouts in the Context of Ethiopia's National Poverty Reduction Strategy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Woldehanna,   Tassew; Jones,   Nicola; Tefera,   Bekele.
A combination of quantitative and qualitative method was used to analyse the determinants of school completion/dropout of children from primary education. A Cox box proportional hazard model was used analyse the survival of children in primary education. The findings have important implications for the formulation and revising Ethiopian Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper. While the policy focus of the 1996-initiated ESDP and the SDPRP (2002-5) on increasing educational access for all has been broadly successful, children from poor and/or highly indebted families still face significant constraints because they have to contribute to household survival through paid and unpaid work. It is therefore imperative to increase efforts to improve the livelihood options...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Education; Children; Ethiopia; PRSP; Poverty; Survival analysis; Labor and Human Capital; A2; D1; J2.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25351

Promoting global agricultural growth and poverty reduction
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ivanic,   Maros; Martin,   William J.
Constraints on resources, growth in demand, and a slowdown in agricultural productivity raise concerns that food prices may rise substantially over the next decades. The impacts of such higher prices on the poor and the required mitigating policy responses to this problem remain unclear. This paper uses a global general equilibrium model, projections of global growth and microeconomic household models, to project potential implications for incomes, food production and poverty. We find that higher agricultural productivity would generally lower poverty, with different impacts depending where the productivity growth occurs, while protection policies that reduce imports would generally raise poverty.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Growth; Projections; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61098

Food Security Analysis and Policies for Transition Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wehrheim,   Peter; Wiesmann,   Doris M.
This article explores the characteristics of food security in the context of economies in transition. These special characteristics derive from the “legacies” of socialist systems, both economy-wide ones and others specific to the agriculture and the food sector. Food insecurity in transition countries is considered predominantly “transitory”, while social safety nets dating back to the socialist years provide some cushion. Market failures and other institutional constraints are prevalent, inhibiting the process towards improvement of the food security situation. Conflict takes a heavy toll in terms of hunger and malnutrition in economies in transition and macro level factors are at work to determine food security outcomes. At the same time, socialist...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food security; Poverty; Malnutrition; Transition countries; Agriculture; Agricultural policy; Safety nets; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112604

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND URBAN POVERTY IN INDIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fan,   Shenggen.
Using a similar analytical approach to a study in China, this paper analyzes the impact of agricultural research on urban poverty reduction in India. State level data from 1970 to 1995 were used in the empirical analysis. It is found that in addition to its large impact on rural poverty reduction, agricultural research investments have also played a major role in the reduction of urban poverty. Agricultural research investments increase agricultural production, and increased production in turn lowers food prices. The urban poor often benefit proportionately more than the non-poor since they spend 50-80% of their income on food. Among all the rural investments considered in this study, agricultural research has the largest impact on urban poverty reduction...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Developing countries; India; Agricultural research; Urban; Poverty; Food price; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16079

Irrigation against rural poverty: an overview of issues and pro-poor intervention strategies in irrigated agriculture in Asia; Proceedings of National Workshops on Pro-Poor Intervention Strategies in Irrigated Agriculture in Asia, Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan and Vietnam [9-10 August 2001, Colombo, Sri Lanka]
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Water resources; Poverty; Sustainability; Rural development; Irrigated farming; Performance evaluation; Case studies; Large scale systems; Surface irrigation; Water use efficiency; Water scarcity; Water policy; Productivity; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118406

The Optimal Minimum Wage for Poverty Minimization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goto,   Hideaki.
The effects of a minimum wage on employment and on poverty have been studied in the literature. This paper characterizes the poverty minimizing minimum wage, and shows how it depends on productivity, inequality and the degree of labor market competitiveness.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Inequality; Labor productivity; Market competitiveness; Minimum wage; Poverty; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Political Economy; D6; I32; J38; J64.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51160

The role of agriculture in development : implications for Sub-Saharan Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diao,   Xinshen; Hazell,   Peter B.R.; Resnick,   Danielle; Thurlow,   James.
Thinking on development has long held that agricultural growth is an important step toward economic development and transformation. However, the new challenges facing African agriculture in today’s more globalized environment have led some to question whether conventional wisdom about the role of agriculture in development is still applicable to Africa. There is a shift in emphasis toward nonagricultural growth opportunities, which has the potential to reshape the development strategies of many African countries over the coming decades. This research report critically examines conventional wisdom and contemporary skepticism. It also develops a country typology reflecting the diversity of conditions across the subcontinent and then examines the role of...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Economic aspects; Africa; Sub-Saharan; Farms; Small; Rural development; Poverty; Agriculture and state; International Development.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37878

Village inequality in Western China: implications for development strategy in lagging regions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Xing,   Li; Fan,   Shenggen; Luo,   Xiaopeng; Zhang,   Xiaobo.
Increased regional inequality has been a major concern in many emerging economies like China, India, Vietnam and Thailand. However, even a large inequality is observed within the lagging regions. The objective of this paper is to look into what are the sources of within region inequality using the community surveys and a census type of households in Western China.  This snapshot view of inequality within and between rural villages in western China is based on a census-type household survey in three administrative villages and a sampling survey of 286 natural villages in the poor province of Guizhou in 2004. In contrast to coastal regions, nonfarm income is distributed unevenly in this inland western region. This accounts for the largest share of overall...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Rural Development; Poverty; Inequality; Public investment; Community/Rural/Urban Development; H54; O47; O53; R11.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55403

On the Empirical Finding of a Higher Risk of Poverty in Rural Areas: Is Rural Residence Endogenous to Poverty?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fisher,   Monica G.
Includes: On the Empirical Finding of a Higher Risk of Poverty in Rural Areas: Is Rural Residence Endogenous to Poverty?:COMMENT, by Thomas A. Hirschl; On the Empirical Finding of a Higher Risk of Poverty in Rural Areas: Is Rural Residence Endogenous to Poverty?: REPLY, by Monica Fisher. Research shows people are more likely to be poor in rural versus urban America. Does this phenomenon partly reflect that people who choose rural residence have unmeasured attributes related to human impoverishment? To address this question, two models are estimated using Panel Study of Income Dynamics data. A single equation Probit model of individual poverty replicates the well-documented finding of higher poverty risk in rural places. However, an instrumental variables...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Endogeneity; Instrumental variables; Omitted variable bias; Poverty; Rural; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31219

Determinants of Youth Poverty: A Zip Code Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Misra,   Kaustav; Debertin,   David L.
Estimation of Gini coefficients for various age groups indicates that Kentucky youth population is at risk. The paper determines the factors affecting youth poverty, employing Zip Code data. Analysis of outcomes provides suggestions for the policymakers to limit youth poverty in Kentucky.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Youth; Poverty; Zip Code; Gini coefficient; Lorenz curve; Logit model; Food Security and Poverty; I32; I39; R11.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34899

Factors Associated with Farm Households’ Movement Into and Out of Poverty in Kenya: The Rising Importance of Livestock.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burke,   William J.; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Freeman,   H. Ade; Kristjanson,   Patricia.
This study explores the dynamics of poverty in Kenya.  The study specifically examines how initial conditions, household decisions, and other factors that may change over time affect poverty.  Dynamic relationships are identified between behavioral variables, exogenous shocks at one point in time, and indicators of household welfare in subsequent years.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Kenya; Poverty; Livestock; Food Security and Poverty; Livestock Production/Industries; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54563

Prospects for area-wide integrated control of tsetse flies (Diptera:Glossinidae) and trypanosomosis in sub-Saharan Africa
Provedor de dados: 99
Autores: Vreysen,Marc J.B.
Countries in sub-Saharan Africa are among the least developed in the world and hunger and poverty remains widespread in most of the rural communities. Reducing hunger and chronic under nourishment through the introduction of productive livestock as a source of traction and manure for crop production, transport, milk and meat is deemed to be a fundamental first step towards better rural development. The presence of the tsetse fly in one third of the African continent and the disease trypanosomosis it transmits is considered the major barrier to the development of productive livestock. Despite the yearly administration of 35 million doses of trypanocidal drugs (at US$ 1 per dose), African farmers lose 3 million cattle every year to the disease and annual...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Hunger; Tsetse-free zones; Sterile insect technique; Sequential aerosol technique; Vector control.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0373-56802006000100001