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| Registros recuperados: 24 | |
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| Johansson, Robert C.. |
| A multitude of design decisions influence the performance of voluntary conservation programs. This Economic Brief is one of a set of five exploring the implications of decisions policymakers and program managers must make about who is eligible to receive payments, how much can be received, for what action, and the means by which applicants are selected. The particular issue examined here is the potential benefits of allowing farmers to "bid" for the activity they will undertake and the level of payment they would receive for it. |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34085 |
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| Kaplan, Jonathan D.; Johansson, Robert C.. |
| Confined animal production in the U.S. and its associated discharge of manure nutrients into area waters is considered a leading contributor to current water quality impairments. A common option to mitigate these impairments is to limit land application of manure. This paper evaluates the implications of alternative land application constraints for U.S. agriculture and the environment at the regional and sector level. The results suggest that when these constraints are particularly binding, due to minimal acceptance of manure as a substitute for commercial fertilizer, potentially large and unanticipated changes in returns to agricultural production and water quality may occur. Furthermore, we find that some of the cost of meeting the land application... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22002 |
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| Sullivan, Patrick; Hellerstein, Daniel; Hansen, LeRoy T.; Johansson, Robert C.; Koenig, Steven R.; Lubowski, Ruben N.; McBride, William D.; McGranahan, David A.; Roberts, Michael J.; Vogel, Stephen J.; Bucholtz, Shawn. |
| This report estimates the impact that high levels of enrollment in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) have had on economic trends in rural counties since the program's inception in 1985 until today. The results of a growth model and quasi-experimental control group analysis indicate no discernible impact by the CRP on aggregate county population trends. Aggregate employment growth may have slowed in some high-CRP counties, but only temporarily. High levels of CRP enrollment appear to have affected farm-related businesses over the long run, but growth in the number of other nonfarm businesses moderated CRP's impact on total employment. If CRP contracts had ended in 2001, simulation models suggest that roughly 51 percent of CRP land would have returned... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33987 |
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| Johansson, Robert C.. |
| The objective of this paper is to evaluate first- and second-best trading mechanisms for regulating point and nonpoint source phosphorus emissions. The trading mechanisms are differentiated on the degree to which regulators can observe abatement efforts. The deadweight losses attributable to informational asymmetries and those of the second-best mechanisms will provide regulators the shadow value of foregoing first-best measures. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20558 |
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| Johansson, Robert C.; Claassen, Roger; Peters, Mark. |
| The role of agri-environmental programs has taken on increased importance in the current Farm Bill debate with an eighty percent increase in Title II funding. However, little empirical evidence exists on the tradeoffs between economic costs and environmental benefits of new agri-environmental programs to assist policymakers in their designs. This paper illustrates some of the budgetary and environmental issues inherent in these initiatives. Several policy options are explored using an environmental simulation model and an economic spatial-equilibrium model for U.S. agriculture. Results indicate abatement levels of nitrogen and pesticides are higher under performance-based policies and those for wind erosion and soil productivity are higher under... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19760 |
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| Lambert, Dayton M.; Schaible, Glenn D.; Johansson, Robert C.; Daberkow, Stan G.. |
| In recent years, the Federal government has placed more emphasis on working-land conservation programs. Farmers can be reimbursed for adopting certain conservation practices, such as the installation of in-field or perimeter conservation structures, to enhance water quality and soil productivity. In an effort to better understand the relationships between operator motivations, program incentives, and the environmental benefits of conservation programs, a multi-agency survey, the Conservation Effects Assessment Project-Agricultural Resources Management Survey (CEAP-ARMS), was conducted in 2004 across 16 states representing more than one-million farmers growing wheat. The nationally representative survey integrates Natural Resources Inventory (NRI) data on... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21438 |
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| Jayne, Thomas S.; Mukumbu, Mulinge; Chisvo, Munhamo; Tschirley, David L.; Weber, Michael T.; Zulu, Ballard; Johansson, Robert C.; Santos, Paula Mota; Soroko, David. |
| This paper describes the different food policy courses pursued in recent years by four countries in Eastern and Southern Africa, and documents their differential effects on farmer and consumer behavior. Results are based primarily on a survey and synthesis of recent analysis. The paper highlights lessons learned from the different policy paths pursued in each country, and thus provides insights into the costs and benefits of alternative strategies for promoting national food security and enhancing producer and consumer options. |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Food market reform; Agricultural and Food Policy; Marketing; Downloads June 2008-July 2009: 30; Q18. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54672 |
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| Lubowski, Ruben N.; Bucholtz, Shawn; Claassen, Roger; Roberts, Michael J.; Cooper, Joseph C.; Gueorguieva, Anna; Johansson, Robert C.. |
| This report examines evidence on the relationship between agricultural land-use changes, soil productivity, and indicators of environmental sensitivity. If cropland that shifts in and out of production is less productive and more environmentally sensitive than other cropland, policy-induced changes in land use could have production effects that are smaller-and environmental impacts that are greater-than anticipated. To illustrate this possibility, this report examines environmental outcomes stemming from landuse conversion caused by two agricultural programs that others have identified as potentially having important influences on land use and environmental quality: Federal crop insurance subsidies and the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), the Nation's... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Conservation Reserve Program (CRP); Crop insurance; Erosion; Extensive margin; Farm policy; Imperiled species; Land use; Land-use change; Land quality; Nutrient loss; Soil productivity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33591 |
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| Ribaudo, Marc; Kaplan, Jonathan D.; Christensen, Lee A.; Gollehon, Noel R.; Johansson, Robert C.; Breneman, Vincent E.; Aillery, Marcel P.; Agapoff, Jean; Peters, Mark. |
| Nutrients from livestock and poultry manure are key sources of water pollution. Ever-growing numbers of animals per farm and per acre have increased the risk of water pollution. New Clean Water Act regulations compel the largest confined animal producers to meet nutrient application standards when applying manure to the land, and USDA encourages all animal feeding operations to do the same. The additional costs for managing manure (such as hauling manure off the farm) have implications for feedgrain producers and consumers as well. This report's farm-level analysis examines on-farm technical choice and producer costs across major U.S. production areas for hauling manure to the minimum amount of land needed to assimilate manure nutrients. A regional... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Manure management costs; Price and quantity adjustments; Water quality; Animal waste; Manure nutrients; Excess nutrients; Confined animals; CAFO; Manure nitrogen; Manure phosphorus; Manure use; Assimilative capacity; Nutrient management plan; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33911 |
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| Cattaneo, Andrea; Claassen, Roger; Johansson, Robert C.; Weinberg, Marca. |
| From 1985 to 2002, most Federal conservation dollars going to farm operators have been to retire land from crop production. Yet most U.S. farmland (850 million acres) remains in active production. The Farm Security and Rural Investment (FSRI) Act of 2002 sharply increased conservation funding and earmarked most of the increase for working-land payment programs (WLPPs). The design and implementation of WLPPs will largely determine the extent to which environmental goals are achieved and whether they are cost effective. We simulate potential environmental gains as well as adjustments in agricultural production, price, and income associated with various WLPP features to illustrate tradeoffs arising from WLPP design and implementation. Competitive bidding with... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7248 |
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| Johansson, Robert C.. |
| This study evaluates first- and second-best trading policies for regulating watershed phosphorus under asymmetric information. The trading policies are differentiated on the degree to which regulators observe point and nonpoint source abatement efforts. The efficiency losses attributable to these informational asymmetries and those of the second-best policies can be measured in social welfare, and provide regulators the shadow value of foregoing first-best measures. Given representative monitoring costs from national water monitoring programs, it is shown that under asymmetric information, the chosen second-best trading policies outperform first-best policies by 11% in the control of watershed nutrient pollution. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31382 |
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| Johansson, Robert C.; Coggins, Jay S.; Senauer, Benjamin. |
| Higher union density (the percentage of employees in an area who belong to unions) is known to raise the wages of union members. We find that in the supermarket industry, higher density locally also leads to higher wages for non-union members. Despite this, workers who are not in unions lose ground relative to union members. For a 10% increase in local union densities in the supermarket industry it is estimated that the wages of union employees in that labor market will increase by 5.3% and by 1.2% for nonunion. Hence, the union wage premium will increase in regions with higher union densities. At the time of the last national examination of the retail industry in 1977, union influence in the retail food industry was near its peak. Subsequently union... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14313 |
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| Registros recuperados: 24 | |
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