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Socioeconomic Causes of Loss of Animal Genetic Diversity: Analysis and Assessment AgEcon
Tisdell, Clement A..
The number of breeds of domesticated animals, especially livestock, have declined rapidly. The proximate causes and processes involved in loss of breeds are outlined. Also the path-dependent effect and Swanson’s dominance-effect are discussed in relation to lock-in of breed selection. While these effects help to explain genetic erosion, they need to be supplemented to provide further explanation of biodiversity loss. In the respect, it is shown that the extension of markets and economic globalisation have contributed significantly to the loss of breeds. In addition, the decoupling of animal husbandry from surrounding natural environmental conditions, particularly industrialised intensive animal husbandry, is further eroding the stock of genetic resources....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Biodiversity loss; Breed selection; Economic globalisation; Intensive agriculture; Market extension; Path dependence.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Q200.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48741
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Sustainable Agriculture: An Update AgEcon
Tisdell, Clement A..
Provides some background on concerns about the sustainability of agriculture, outlines and discusses views about what constitutes sustainable agriculture and contrasts the sustainability of modern industrialised agriculture with that of traditional agriculture. Then the question is considered (taking into account the available evidence) whether organic agriculture is more sustainable than non-organic agriculture. Barriers to switching from non-organic to organic agriculture are mentioned. The development of agriculture usually has a serious negative impact on wild biodiversity. Whether or not more intensive agriculture would reduce the negative ecological footprint is unclear but many scientists believe it will do this. Globally, there has been a rapid...
Tipo: Working Paper Palavras-chave: Biodiversity loss; Genetically modified crops; Industrialised modern agriculture; Organic agriculture; Sustainable agriculture; Sustainable development; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q16; Q57.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/140549
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Impacts of hydroelectric dams on alluvial riparian plant communities in eastern Brazilian Amazonian Anais da ABC (AABC)
FERREIRA,LEANDRO VALLE; CUNHA,DENISE A.; CHAVES,PRISCILLA P.; MATOS,DARLEY C.L.; PAROLIN,PIA.
The major rivers of the Amazon River basin and their biota are threatened by the planned construction of large hydroelectric dams that are expected to have strong impacts on floodplain plant communities. The present study presents forest inventories from three floodplain sites colonized by alluvial riparian vegetation in the Tapajós, Xingu and Tocantins River basins in eastern Amazonian. Results indicate that tree species of the highly specialized alluvial riparian vegetation are clearly distinct among the three river basins, although they are not very distinct from each other and environmental constraints are very similar. With only 6 of 74 species occurring in all three inventories, most tree and shrub species are restricted to only one of the rivers,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Amazon River basin; Biodiversity loss; Floodplain forest; Hydroelectric dams.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652013000301013
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The exotic palm Roystonea oleracea (Jacq.) O. F. Cook (Arecaceae) on an island within the Atlantic Forest Biome: naturalization and influence on seedling recruitment Acta Botanica
Zucaratto,Rodrigo; Pires,Alexandra dos Santos.
Here, we investigated the population structure of the exotic palm Roystonea oleracea in a swamp on an island within the Atlantic Forest Biome, evaluating its influence on the seedling recruitment of other plant species. The population structure was analyzed in six 4 × 30 m plots, within which we categorized all individuals by ontogenetic stage. The influence of R. oleracea on the seedling recruitment of other plant species was evaluated in 2 × 2 m plots established beneath palm crowns and in adjacent areas without palms. We recorded 53 R. oleracea individuals. The majority (56.6%) of the R. oleracea population was composed of immature adults, followed by mature adults. The density, richness and diversity of seedling species differed significantly between...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Biodiversity loss; Biological invasion; Exotic species; Seedling mortality.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-33062014000300015
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Revisiting the Environmental and Socioeconomic Effects of Population Growth: a Fundamental but Fading Issue in Modern Scientific, Public, and Political Circles Ecology and Society
Mora, Camilo; Department of Geography, University of Hawaii; cmora@hawaii.edu.
Reversing ongoing declines in human welfare and biodiversity is at the core of human development. Although numerous institutions and avenues are in place to reverse such trends, there seems to be limited consideration of population growth as an ultimate driver. I review recent studies showing how the issue of population growth has been downplayed and trivialized among scientific fields, which may in part account for the reduced public interest in the issue and in turn the limited will for policy action. Different sources of evidence suggest that population growth could fundamentally affect society, nature, and the climate. Although tackling the issue of overpopulation will suffer from major impediments including scientific motivation, public scientific...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis Palavras-chave: Biodiversity loss; Climate change; Debt; Employment; Population growth; Public outreach.
Ano: 2014
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Misguided policy may jeopardize a diverse South brazilian environmental protection area Biota Neotropica
Alves,Gustavo Henrique Zaia; Santos,Regiane da Silva; Figueiredo,Bruno R. S.; Manetta,Gislaine Iachstel; Message,Hugo José; Pazianoto,Laryssa H. R.; Guimarães,Gilson Burigo; Benedito,Evanilde; Couto,Edivando Vitor do.
Abstract: The Devonian Escarpment (DEEPA), located in the south of Brazil, represents an important area of environmental preservation composed by grasslands, gallery forests, as well as rock outcrops and archaeological sites. A law project (LP 527/2016), which suggests a reduction of the DEEPA area in approximately 70% of its original area (from 393,579 to 125,895 ha), is currently being processed in the Paraná State House of Representatives. Such reduction seems to be related to economic interests (mainly agriculture and mining) in the state of Paraná. If approved, LP 527/2016 will allow farmers to deliberately expand their activities, with the suppression of natural forest as main consequence. Additionally, loss of faunal diversity, contamination of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Environmental law; Grassland; Devonian Escarpment; Biodiversity loss; Geodiversity.
Ano: 2019 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1676-06032019000100401
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