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Socioeconomic Causes of Loss of Animal Genetic Diversity: Analysis and Assessment AgEcon
Tisdell, Clement A..
The number of breeds of domesticated animals, especially livestock, have declined rapidly. The proximate causes and processes involved in loss of breeds are outlined. Also the path-dependent effect and Swanson’s dominance-effect are discussed in relation to lock-in of breed selection. While these effects help to explain genetic erosion, they need to be supplemented to provide further explanation of biodiversity loss. In the respect, it is shown that the extension of markets and economic globalisation have contributed significantly to the loss of breeds. In addition, the decoupling of animal husbandry from surrounding natural environmental conditions, particularly industrialised intensive animal husbandry, is further eroding the stock of genetic resources....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Biodiversity loss; Breed selection; Economic globalisation; Intensive agriculture; Market extension; Path dependence.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Q200.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48741
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Consumer Willingness-to-Pay for Green Energy: Results from Focus Groups AgEcon
Duffy, Patricia A.; Hite, Diane; Bransby, David; Slaton, Christa.
To find out if consumers are willing to pay a surcharge for "green energy," the Alabama Department of Agriculture and Industries hosted consumer focus groups at four locations in Alabama. Results showed that consumers were willing to pay a premium in line with the costs, but that most did not have much prior information about green energy options.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q200; Q420.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34913
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Ambiguous jointness and multifunctionality AgEcon
Romstad, Eirik.
Many previous analyses of multifunctionality in agriculture claim there is positive jointness between the production commodities and nonmarket goods and services. Those analyses have not treated acreage as an endogenous variable. This leads to several errors in terms of the analysis of policy impacts, and hence also the policy advice. The main contribution of this paper is the development of an analytical framework where acreage is endogenously determined. This framework is then used to demonstrate that any policy that influences resource allocation also affects agricultural commodity production. Hence, there is no such thing as a fully decoupled support. The impacts on commodity markets from direct payments to environmental goods and services are,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Multi-product production; Comparative statics; Nonmarket goods; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Q180; Q200.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51539
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Linkage of Tradable Permit Systems in International Climate Policy Architecture AgEcon
Jaffe, Judson; Stavins, Robert N..
Cap-and-trade systems have emerged as the preferred national and regional instrument for reducing emissions of greenhouse gases throughout the industrialized world, and the Clean Development Mechanism — an international emission-reduction-credit system — has developed a substantial constituency, despite some concerns about its performance. Because linkage between tradable permit systems can reduce compliance costs and improve market liquidity, there is great interest in linking cap-and-trade systems to each other, as well as to the CDM and other credit systems. We examine the benefits and concerns associated with various types of linkages, and analyze the near-term and long-term role that linkage may play in a future international climate policy...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Linkage; Cap-and-Trade; Tradable Permits; Global Climate Change; Environmental Economics and Policy; F500; Q200; Q400; Q500.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46624
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The Optimal Length of an Agricultural Carbon Contract AgEcon
Gulati, Sumeet; Vercammen, James.
In this paper we present the economic determinants of the optimal length of a carbon offset contract. We find that because of a declining capacity of the soil to sequester carbon, the optimal length of the carbon contract is finite (the marginal benefit of remaining in the contract is declining over time, whereas marginal opportunity cost is rising). We also explore the effect of varying key parameter values on the optimal length in the contract. If the contract requires the farmer to sequester at a higher rate, the farmer chooses the contract for a shorter length of time, and this may decrease rather than increase social welfare. If society places a higher value on carbon accumulation, the contract is chosen for a longer length of time. Finally, if both...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Carbon offset contracts; Greenhouse gas policy; Soil carbon; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Q200; Q580.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37027
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Agricultural Sustainability and the Introduction of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) AgEcon
Tisdell, Clement A..
In order to cater for the predicted growth in global population and aspirations for increased living standards, the world needs to increase substantially its level of agricultural production and sustain agriculture’s increased productivity. New technologies may enable this to occur but they also bring with them increased sustainability problems. There are many complex dimensions to achieving agricultural sustainability such as deciding on what agricultural attributes are worth sustaining and considering what trade-offs in objectives are required. These issues are discussed from a conceptual point of view. It is also shown using economic theory that market-based agriculture limits the opportunity for individual farmers to adopt sustainable agricultural...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Agricultural development; Agricultural sustainability; Biodiversity; Co-evolution; Economic sustainability; Genetically modified organisms; GMOs; Monopolisation; Patents; Social sustainability.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q000; Q010; Q200; Q300; Q500; Q570.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55335
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