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Registros recuperados: 29
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A Dynamic Count Data Analysis of University Ag-Biotech Patents AgEcon
Foltz, Jeremy D.; Kim, Kwansoo; Barham, Bradford L..
This paper examines the factors that account for ag-biotech patenting success among universities using a dynamic count data model. It builds a theoretical and econometric model to capture the inherently dynamic and nonlinear process of technological innovation, wherein a feedback mechanism from previous success partially determines current patent counts. The econometric estimates reveal the importance to ag-biotech patent production of land grant infrastructure, quality faculty, state and institutional funding, patent-oriented technology transfer offices, as well as dynamic feedback effects.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25230
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A Trait Specific Model of GM Crop Adoption among U.S. Corn Farmers in the Upper Midwest AgEcon
Useche, Pilar; Barham, Bradford L.; Foltz, Jeremy D..
This work offers a new approach to the adoption of GM crop varieties by adopting the econometric methodology of the characteristics-based demand literature. A random utility framework was implemented through different specifications of a conditional (CL) and a mixed multinomial logit (MMNL) model of crop-variety choice. Willingness-to-pay and price elasticity estimates for traits were calculated. The MMNL approach demonstrates that individuals' tastes for some traits significantly vary across the population. Results further suggest that labor saving technologies have a much wider potential to be adopted. Overall, the use of a trait-based model to examine the adoption patterns of GM crop varieties among corn farmers in Minnesota and Wisconsin reveals a new...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19202
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Agro-Exports and the Rural Resource Poor in Latin America: Policy Options for Achieving Broadly Based Growth AgEcon
Carter, Michael R.; Barham, Bradford L.; Mesbah, Dina; Stanley, Denise.
Concentrating on fundamental sector-level impacts that shape the nature of agro-export growth, this paper indicates how intrahousehold impacts fit into the analysis. Section 1 is introductory. Section 2 puts forward the conceptual framework needed to understand sectoral impacts of agro-export growth on the rural resource poor, impacts that can be divided into a small-farm adoption effect, a land-access effect, and a labor-absorption effect, all of which are interlinked. Section 3 explores the economic forces that shape the magnitude of the direct (adoption and land access) and indirect (labor absorption) effects of agro-export growth. Its chief message is that the agronomic and economic characteristics of agro-export crops interact with the intrinsic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12754
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An Empirical Investigation of Reputation Loan Size Dynamics in Rural Credit Markets in Honduras AgEcon
Sundaram-Stukel, Reka; Barham, Bradford L..
This paper examines the role of two types of reputation - borrower credit history and productivity - in disequilibrium supply and demand models of loan size dynamics in formal and informal credit markets. Using panel data on Honduran households, full- and partial-information regime switching econometric models yield four principal findings: (1) credit contracts in the formal sector are largely collateral driven and not reputation driven; (2) the informal sector credit contracts are borrower reputation based; (3) the informal sector utilizes positive/negative credit histories in both markets to credibly reward/punish borrowers; and (4) technical efficiency has a positive impact in determining loan size in both sectors on the demand and supply side of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92196
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ARE THERE SYNERGIES OR TRADEOFFS BETWEEN ARTICLES AND PATENTS IN UNIVERSITY AG-BIOTECH RESEARCH AgEcon
Kim, Kwansoo; Foltz, Jeremy D.; Barham, Bradford L..
This paper examines the empirical evidence for synergies or tradeoffs associated with the rapid rise of ag-biotech patenting at Land Grant Universities by examining the question of whether journal articles and patents appear to be complementary or competing activities in agricultural biotechnology research. The results show many synergies and none of the expected tradeoffs between the basic research represented in journal articles and the commercial proprietary research represented in patents.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19649
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Efficiency and Technological Change at U.S. Research Universities AgEcon
Kim, Kwansoo; Foltz, Jeremy D.; Barham, Bradford L.; Chavas, Jean-Paul.
This paper investigates the determinants of efficiency and technological progress at US research universities. It relies on a unique panel data set of multiple outputs and inputs from 92 universities covering the period 1981-1998. Over that time span, US universities experienced large increases in industry funding and in academic patenting activity. In this context, the directional distance function and a nonparametric representation of the underlying production technology are combined to obtain estimates of productivity growth and technical efficiency. A pooled-Tobit estimator is used to examine the determinants of technical efficiency and the rate of technological progress. The results show how changes in funding sources for U.S. research universities...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12677
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LAND MARKET LIBERALIZATION AND WEALTH DIFFERENTIATED LAND ACCESS: PANEL EVIDENCE FROM HONDURAS AND PERU AgEcon
Boucher, Stephen R.; Barham, Bradford L..
We evaluate the impact of agricultural land market liberalization policies in Latin America by empirically examining the degree to which the reforms have broken down the dependence of operational area on owned area. We use panel data sets from Honduras and Peru to estimate the relationship between operational and owned land holdings for pre and post reform periods.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20021
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LOW CAPITAL DAIRY STRATEGIES IN WISCONSIN: LESSONS FROM A NEW APPROACH TO MEASURING PROFITABILITY AgEcon
Barham, Bradford L.; Chavas, Jean-Paul; Klemme, Richard M..
This paper proposes a new way to evaluate the role of profitability and risk in the dairy industry, one that incorporates the effects of uncertainty about future returns when investments are irreversible, or sunk. The usefulness of this new approach is demonstrated by the light it sheds on recent attempts by Wisconsin dairy farmers to develop low capital investment strategies and why these initiatives might be crucial to the vitality of the state's industry as a whole. The value of this paper, however, reaches beyond the contribution it offers to comparisons of the viability of alternative investment strategies in dairy, because it is applicable to evaluating profitability and risk in any economic activity, inside or outside of agriculture, where much of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1994 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12631
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On Microeconomic Efficiency and Entrepreneurship under Bounded Rationality AgEcon
Chavas, Jean-Paul; Barham, Bradford L..
We present a dynamic model of economic behavior of an owner-operated firm under bounded rationality, and develop the implications for the assessment of economic efficiency and the understanding of entrepreneurship. Under bounded rationality, information about technology and market conditions is not perfectly known, creating the possibility for learning. Uncertainty is represented using a general state-contingent approach. Efficiency analysis is explored using a certainty equivalent measure, which is the sum of three parts: expected net income, a conditional value of information, and a risk premium (measuring the implicit cost of private risk bearing). The analysis yields critical insights about the role of learning in technical efficiency, allocative...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92142
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On the Microeconomics of Diversification under Uncertainty and Learning AgEcon
Chavas, Jean-Paul; Barham, Bradford L..
This paper investigates the microeconomics of diversification, based on a two-period model of an owner-managed firm facing uncertainty. The analysis utilizes a general state-contingent representation of uncertainty and learning. Economies of diversification are defined based on a certainty equivalent, which has three components: expected profit, the risk premium (measuring the cost of risk aversion), and the value of information associated with learning. The influence of scale effects, “trans-ray concavity” effects, and income effects on economies of diversification are examined in detail. We argue that, while scope economies and risk aversion can provide general incentives for diversification, information and learning can have the opposite effect. By...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92141
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Patenting, Commercialization, and US Academic Research in the 21st Century: The Resilience of Basic, Federally-Funded Open Science AgEcon
Barham, Bradford L.; Foltz, Jeremy D..
The life sciences have been the most dynamic area of US university research and commercialization efforts over the past twenty-five years. Using unique data from a large representative sample of life scientists this work examines whether academic patenting and commercialization complement, substitute for, or “hold-up” other research activities. The results highlight the resilience of the basic, federally-funded open scientific research model. Our findings, in turn, underscore the fundamental importance of maintaining the public funding and commitment to the academic, scientific enterprise.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92139
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RBST USE AMONG U.S. DAIRY FARMERS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS FROM 6 STATES AgEcon
Barham, Bradford L.; Foltz, Jeremy D.; Moon, Sunung; Jackson-Smith, Douglas.
This paper uses data from dairy farmers in six U.S. states to examine farm-level factors influencing the adoption of recombinant bovine somatatropin (rBST), a productivity-enhancing hormone that is injected in cows. The results of multinomial logit estimations of rBST adoption and disadoption show that herd size, education, and complementary technologies all play positive and important roles in rBST adoption.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19598
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Research and Development at U.S. Research Universities: An Analysis of Scope Economies AgEcon
Kim, Kwansoo; Barham, Bradford L.; Chavas, Jean-Paul; Foltz, Jeremy D..
This work investigates the presence and sources of economies of scope in R&D at U.S. research universities. The analysis evaluates the tradeoffs and synergies arising between traditional university research outputs (articles and doctorates) and academic patents. We propose a new measure of economies of scope based on a primal representation of the underlying technology. We derive a decomposition of economies of scope which identifies its sources (e.g., complementarity effects and scale effects). Non-parametric estimates of scope economies using R&D input and output data from 92 research universities show significant economies of scope between articles and patents, but modest complementarities.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12674
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Research and Development at U.S. Research Universities: An Analysis of Scope Economies AgEcon
Kim, Kwansoo; Barham, Bradford L.; Chavas, Jean-Paul; Foltz, Jeremy D..
This paper investigates the presence and sources of economies of scope in R&D production at U.S. research universities. The analysis evaluates the tradeoffs or synergies arising between traditional university research outputs (articles and doctorates) and a more recent and burgeoning output: academic patents. Using a shortage function, we propose a decomposition of economies of scope (decomposition which includes complementarity effects and scale effects). R&D input and output data from 92 public and private research universities are used to obtain non-parametric estimates of scope economies. The results show significant variations in economies of scope and sources by size and type of university.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19147
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Rethinking Dairyland: Wisconsin and U.S. Dairy Industry Trends AgEcon
Jesse, Edward V.; Barham, Bradford L.; Jones, Bruce L..
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12700
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Sequential Adoption of Package Technologies: The Dynamics of Stacked Trait Corn Adoption AgEcon
Aldana, Ursula; Foltz, Jeremy D.; Barham, Bradford L.; Useche, Pilar.
GM corn seed companies have innovated continuously with the introduction of new traits and, more recently, with the creation of stacked varieties, which combine more than one trait. This work develops a Bayesian model of adoption dynamics that demonstrates how uncertainty with a package technology with known risk can lead to a sequential adoption pattern in which farmers adopt a single component first. We then develop a semiparametric panel data model of adoption dynamics to measure the effects of experience with single trait (non-stacked) varieties on the adoption of stacked varieties. The results underscore the importance of early experience with the non-stacked technology in the subsequent adoption of stacked varieties, i.e., a sequential adoption...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61821
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Smoothing Income Against Crop Flood Losses in Amazonia: Rain Forest or Rivers as a Safety Net AgEcon
Takasaki, Yoshito; Barham, Bradford L.; Coomes, Oliver T..
This article examines the role of ex post labor supply in smoothing income in response to crop losses caused by large floods among riverine households in the Peruvian Amazon, where rich environmental endowments permit a variety of resource extractive activities and coping responses. The paper finds that households respond to crop losses primarily by intensifying fishing effort not by relying on gathering of non-timber forest products, hunting, or asset liquidation. This ex post labor adjustment helps to smooth total income against small crop losses but less well against large crop losses. Both relatively non-poor households with better fishing capital and poor young households with a physical labor advantage employ this natural insurance in rivers.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; International Development.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92147
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Spatial Externalities in Agriculture: Empirical Analysis, Statistical Identification, and Policy Implications AgEcon
Lewis, David J.; Barham, Bradford L.; Zimmerer, Karl S..
Spatial externalities can affect economic welfare and landscape pattern by linking farm returns on adjoining parcels of land. While policy can be informed by research that documents spatial externalities, statistically quantifying the presence of externalities from landscape pattern is insufficient for policy guidance unless the underlying cause of the externality can be identified as positive or negative. This article provides a springboard for empirical research by examining the underlying structure, social-environmental interactions, and statistical identification strategies for the analysis and quantification of agricultural spatial externalities that are derived from observations of landscape change. The potential for original policy treatments of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92151
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SUNK COSTS AND RESOURCE MOBILITY: IMPLICATIONS FOR ECONOMIC AND POLICY ANALYSIS AgEcon
Barham, Bradford L.; Chavas, Jean-Paul.
The implications of sunk costs for many key questions in agricultural economics have yet to be explored. This paper uses a dynamic model of investment behavior to explore how sunk costs can shape market outcomes in ways that might not match predictions of standard competitive models. Applying the model to several key issues in agricultural markets and international trade offers new perspectives that challenge conventional wisdoms. Institutional and policy innovations are also examined for their potential to improve welfare outcomes when sunk costs impede factor mobility.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1997 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12686
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TECHNICAL CHANGE AND EFFICIENCY AT US LAND GRANT UNIVERSITIES: IS THERE ANY FAT LEFT TO CUT? AgEcon
Foltz, Jeremy D.; Barham, Bradford L.; Chavas, Jean-Paul; Kim, Kwansoo.
This work uses non-parametric efficiency analysis and a unique panel data set to analyze efficiency and technical change at US universities from 1981-1998 with a special emphasis on Land Grant institutions. The analysis demonstrates that Land Grants are on average more efficient than their counterparts. While in the 1980s they had higher levels of technological change, in the 1990s that declined to levels similar to other types of universities. Identifying factors influencing efficiency and technological progress in university production provides key insights into the future of the Land Grant system.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20237
Registros recuperados: 29
Primeira ... 12 ... Última
 

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