SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Tschirley, David L.; Rose, Donald; de Marrule, Higino Francisco.

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Directorate of Economics, Republic of Mozambique

¿Cómo enfrentar una geografía adversa?: el rol de los activos públicos y privados

Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Mozambique; Household income; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56037

Escobal D'Angelo, Javier; Torero, Maximo.

En el Perú, país con una asombrosa diversidad ecológica, con 84 zonas climáticas y paisajes distintos, con selvas tropicales, altas cordilleras y desiertos, puede que el contexto geográfico no sea suficiente para explicar las variaciones regionales en ingresos y bienestar, pero si es muy significativo. La pregunta más importante que este trabajo trata de responder es: qué rol juegan las variables geográficas - tanto naturales como antropogénicas - al explicarse las diferencias de gasto per cápita entre las diversas regiones del Perú. Cómo han cambiado estas influencias en el tiempo, a través de qué medios han sido transmitidas, y si el acceso a los activos privados y públicos ha compensado los efectos de una geografía adversa.

DISTRIBUTIONAL ANALYSIS OF U.S. FARM HOUSEHOLD INCOME

Palavras-chave: Nivel de vida; Ingresos de hogares; Gastos de consumo; Bienestar social; Analisis regional; Crecimiento económico; Perú; Standard of living; Household income; Consumer expenditure; Social welfare; Regional analysis; Economic growth; Peru; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; D91; R11; Q12.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37771

Hopkins, Jeffrey W.; Morehart, Mitchell J..

Economic Well-Being of Farm Households

Palavras-chave: Expenditures; Farm safety net; Household income; Poverty; Stochastic dominance; Wealth; Consumer/Household Economics.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36517

Jones, Carol Adaire; El-Osta, Hisham S.; Green, Robert C..

Farm subsidy programs were introduced in the 1930s largely due to concern for chronically low, and highly variable, incomes of US farm households. Today commodity-based support programs are still prominent, though income and wealth of the average farm household now exceed that of the average nonfarm households - by a large margin. Farm income continues to be highly variable, but the small set of farm households most at risk for income variability - because farm income represents more than one-third of household income - are those operating large farms. And they have substantial net worth, which cushions uncertain farm income.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Farm households; Household income; Household wealth; Household net worth; Living expenses; Joint income-wealth indicator; Economic well-being; Financial well-being; Off-farm employment; Income variability; ERS; USDA; Consumer/Household Economics.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34095

Effects of Credit Constraint on Productivity and Rural Household Income in China

Dong, Fengxia; Lu, Jing; Featherstone, Allen M..

Chinese rural household has been always facing credit constraints. Few institutions lend loans to farmers because of financial risks. Farmers have to use usury or other informal sources to meet the financial needs for production. This credit constraint has been forcing farmers to deviate from optimal resource allocation and production arrangement. Consequently, it affects farmers’ income growth. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine how credit constraint affects agricultural productivity and rural household income and discuss some consequent policy implications.

Effects of Credit Constraints on Productivity and Rural Household Income in China

Palavras-chave: Rural credit constraint; Productivity; Household income; China; Agricultural Finance; International Development.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61402

Dong, Fengxia; Lu, Jing; Featherstone, Allen M..

Agricultural production is strongly conditioned by the fact that inputs are transformed into outputs with considerable time lags, causing the rural household to balance its budget during the season when there are high expenditures for input purchases and consumption and few revenues. With limited access to credit, the budget balance within the year can become a constraint to agricultural production. As is the case in many developing countries, Chinese rural households have been suffering from a lack of access to capital. While China is one of the biggest countries in terms of rural areas and agricultural production, few studies have focused on the impact of credit on agriculture in China. Using survey data, this study aims to examine how credit constraints...

El beneficio de los caminos rurales: ampliando oportunidades de ingreso para los pobres

Palavras-chave: Credit constraint; Household income; Productivity; Rural China.; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; Productivity Analysis; Risk and Uncertainty.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95764

Escobal D'Angelo, Javier; Ponce, Carmen.

Muchos estudios han evaluado los beneficios de los caminos rurales concentrándose en la reducción de costos monetarios y de tiempo en que los pobladores incurren para acceder a mercados de bienes e insumos o a servicios públicos clave. Esta investigación complementa dicho enfoque con una evaluación del impacto de este tipo de infraestructura sobre indicadores clave de bienestar como el ingreso y el gasto de los hogares atendidos. Con una muestra de hogares rurales de algunos de los distritos más pobres del Perú, este estudio compara hogares conectados a caminos rurales rehabilitados con hogares control cuidadosamente escogidos, mediante técnicas de propensity score matching. Los resultados muestran que las mejoras en la infraestructura rural de transporte...

Estimating Household Income to Monitor and Evaluate Public Investment Programs in Sub-Saharan Africa

Palavras-chave: Carreteras; Ingresos de hogares; Empleo; Zonas rurales; Peru; Roads; Household income; Employment; Rural areas; Peru; Community/Rural/Urban Development; H54; P25; J17; R2; J2.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37750

Benin, Samuel; Randriamamonjy, Josee.

Monitoring rural household income is important for governments, donors, nongovernmental organizations, researchers, and others involved with development strategies, because increasing rural household income is a primary objective for achieving many development goals, including reducing poverty, hunger, and food and nutrition insecurity. However, accurate assessment of rural household income is time consuming and costly. Using an expenditure-based income measure, data on actual household expenditures per capita obtained from various national surveys for 28 Sub-Saharan African countries, this study used proxy indicators to estimate regression models and then predict and analyze changes in household income per capita between 1985 and 2006. Over the 20-year...

Estructura del hogar y ahorro durante el ciclo de vida: evidencia de las cohortes peruanas

Palavras-chave: Household income; Monitoring and evaluation; Proxy indicators; Consumer/Household Economics; International Development.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42319

Saavedra, Jaime; Valdivia, Martin.

En este documento analizamos la evidencia empírica acerca de los arreglos intergeneracionales de coresidencia y el ahorro familiar para luego discutir alguna de sus implicancias de política. A partir del seguimiento de cohortes a lo largo de cuatro rondas (1985-1986, 1991, 1994, 1997) de la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares sobre Medición de Niveles de Vida (ENNIV), utilizamos dos estrategias de identificación que diferencien los efectos edad, cohorte y año para las variables de interés.

Farm Household Well-Being: Comparing Consumption- and Income-Based Measures

Palavras-chave: Hogar; Familia; Ingresos de hogares; Ahorro; Perú; Household; Household income; Savings; Peru; Consumer/Household Economics; E25.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37748

Jones, Carol Adaire; Milkove, Daniel; Paszkiewicz, Laura.

Household economic well-being can be gauged by the financial resources (income/ wealth) available to the household or by the standard of living enjoyed by household members (consumption). Based on responses to USDA’s annual Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS), a joint effort by the Economic Research Service (ERS) and the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service, ERS has long published estimates of farm household income and wealth. This report presents, for the first time, estimates of consumption-based measures of well-being for farm households based on new questions in ARMS. The consumption measure provides a different perspective from income or wealth on farm households’ well-being relative to that of all U.S. households.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Household consumption; Household income; Household well-being measures; Farm households; Self-employed households; Permanent income; Permanent income hypothesis.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58299

LINKAGES BETWEEN POVERTY AND LAND MANAGEMENT IN RURAL UGANDA: EVIDENCE FROM THE UGANDA NATIONAL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, 1999/00

Pender, John L.; Ssewanyana, Sarah N.; Edward, Kato; Nkonya, Ephraim M..

This study investigates the impacts of rural poverty on farmers' land management decisions, crop production and incomes, based upon analysis of data from the 1999/2000 Uganda National Household Survey. We find that the impacts of rural poverty on land management, crop production and income depend upon the type of poverty (i.e., what asset or access factor is constrained) and the type of land management considered. Ugandan households that are poorer in terms of access to land use labor more intensively and are less likely to use several land management practices and inputs, though among households that do use non-labor inputs, land-poor households use many of these inputs more intensively. As a result, land-poor households obtain higher value of crop...

Measuring Farm Household Well-Being: Comparing Consumption and Income-based Measures

Palavras-chave: Uganda; Land management; Rural poverty; Land degredation; Household income; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60329

Jones, Carol Adaire; Milkove, Daniel; Paszkiewicz, Laura.

This paper reports estimates of consumption-based measures of well-being for farm households based on new, specially-designed survey questions in USDA’s annual, nationally representative survey of farms, the Agricultural Resource Management Survey. With this new data, we show how patterns of consumption-smoothing relative to income levels differ between farm households versus all U.S. households, and between households of operators of large farms vs. “residential-lifestyle” farms, with limited exposure to farm income variability. We then show that the consumption measure provides a different perspective than income and wealth on the well-being of farm households relative to all U.S. households.

Minería y economía de los hogares en la sierra peruana: impactos y espacios de conflicto

Palavras-chave: Household consumption; Household income; Household well-being; Farm households; Consumer/Household Economics; D1:Household Behavior and Family Economics I31:General Welfare Q12:Micro Analysis of Farm Firms; Farm Households; And Farm Input Markets.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49355

Zegarra Mendez, Eduardo; Orihuela, Jose Carlos; Paredes, Maritza.

Este estudio es una exploración cuantitativa del impacto de la actividad minero-metálica en los hogares de la sierra peruana, en el que hemos empleado métodos estándares de evaluación de impactos. Sobre la base de datos de la ENAHO 2003/04, realizamos un análisis separado por hogares rurales y urbanos. Encontramos una asociación positiva entre la minería y los ingresos y gastos de las familias urbanas, pero no de las familias rurales. En este último caso, sin embargo, sí encontramos evidencia de una menor tasa de pobreza relacionada con la presencia minera. Además, hallamos correlaciones negativas entre minería y acceso a servicios de agua y desagüe y una mayor incidencia potencial de enfermedades crónicas y agudas, especialmente en los hogares urbanos....

Potential income gains for rural households in North Eastern Thailand through trade with organic products

Palavras-chave: Minería; Ingresos de hogares; Conflictos sociales; Sierra; Perú; Mining; Household income; Social conflicts; Highland; Peru; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Industrial Organization; L71; R1; R2.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37703

Morawetz, Ulrich B.; Wongprawmas, Rungsaran; Haas, Rainer.

The study groups households in North Eastern Thailand according their income and grade of specialisation in crop production to derive representative household types. For these household types a linear optimization model is run to calculate net incomes under four scenarios. These are certified organic farming, organic farming in the initial and transitional phase and a self-sufficient farming. Simulations for the different management scenarios show that per ha cash profits are about double under certification while they can only be increased by 30 percent under self-sufficient farming, even under favourable assumptions. But transition costs to organic farming are high due to reduced yields at the beginning. According to the figures and model used, only...

Prime-Age Adult Morbidity and Mortality in Rural Rwanda: Effects on Household Income, Agricultural Production, and Food Security Strategies

Palavras-chave: Organic agriculture; Thailand; Household income; Consumer/Household Economics; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7895

Donovan, Cynthia; Bailey, Linda; Mpyisi, Edson; Weber, Michael T..

Food Security Research Project (FSRP) and Division of Agricultural Statistics (DSA) Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Forestry MINAGRI MINAGRI

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Household income; Rwanda; Adult mortality; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Q18.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55387

Succession Decisions in U.S. Family Farm Businesses

Mishra, Ashok K.; El-Osta, Hisham S.; Shaik, Saleem.

Farm transfer or succession by the “next generation” holds a place of central importance in the determination of industry structure and total number of farmers and has profound implications for farm families. The family farm sector relies heavily on intergenerational succession. Succession and retirement are linked and reflective of the life cycles of the farm household and the farm business. A large farm-level data set and a logistic regression model were used to examine the determinants of farm succession decisions in the United States, with special emphasis given to the treatment of endogenous wealth and farm size variables. Results point to the importance of farmer’s age, educational attainment of farm operators, off-farm work by the operator or...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Education; Endogeneity; Farm household wealth; Farm transfer; Household income; Intergenerational succession; Life cycle; Logit model; Off-farm work; Farm Management; Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61055

The benefits of rural roads: enhancing income opportunities for the rural poor

Escobal D'Angelo, Javier; Ponce, Carmen.

Most studies have measured the benefits of rehabilitated rural roads by focusing on reductions in monetary or time costs needed to access product and factor markets or key public social services. This paper complements these studies by evaluating their impact on key welfare indicators such as income or consumption. Looking at rural households living in some of the poorest districts of Peru, this study compares (using propensity score matching techniques) households located near rehabilitated roads to suitable controls. Results show that rehabilitated road accessibility can be related to changes in income sources, as the rehabilitated road enhances non-agricultural income opportunities, especially from wage-employment sources. The study also finds that...

THE DEMAND FOR FOOD AWAY FROM HOME: FULL-SERVICE OR FAST FOOD?

Palavras-chave: Carreteras; Ingresos de hogares; Empleo; Zonas rurales; Perú; Roads; Household income; Employment Rural areas; Peru; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; H54; P25; J17; R2; J2.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37751

Stewart, Hayden; Blisard, Noel; Bhuyan, Sanjib; Nayga, Rodolfo M., Jr..

Consumer spending at full-service and fast food restaurants will continue to grow over the remainder of this decade and the next. However, the larger increase is predicted to occur at full-service restaurants. Simulations assuming modest growth in household income plus expected demographic developments show that per capita spending could rise by 18 percent at full-service restaurants and by 6 percent for fast food between 2000 and 2020. The assumed assumed increase in income alone causes such spending to rise by almost 15 percent and 7 percent at full-service and fast food restaurants, respectively. The increasing proportion of households containing a single person or multiple adults without live-at-home children will cause per person spending to rise by...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Full-service restaurants; Fast food restaurants; Food spending; Household income; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33953

The Determinants of Household Income and Consumption in Rural Nampula Province: Implications for Food Security and Agricultural Policy Reform

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Directorate of Economics, Republic of Mozambique

The Impact of Environmental Policy on Household Income and Activity Choice: Evidence from Sandstorm Source Control Program in North China

Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Mozambique; Household income; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.

Ano: 1992

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55994

Zhang, Wei; Liu, Can.

This paper uses household data to assess the near-term impact of the program on incomes and activity choices of rural households in areas where the sandstorm control program (Beijing and Tianjin Sandstorm Source Control Program) was implemented. Central to our analysis is a unique panel survey conducted by the State Forestry Administration covering years from 1998 to 2003 in 17 counties in three Northern provinces Hebei, Shanxi, and Inner Mongolia (autonomous region). The essential feature of the program is an annual subsidy provided to participating farmers to cover costs associated with permanent retirement of farm land and the planting of saplings. We first look at the impact of program participation on household incomes and, not surprisingly, observe...