|
|
|
|
|
Srinivasan, Chittur S.; Shankar, Bhavani; Holloway, Garth J.. |
Under the TRIPs Agreement, all member-countries of the World Trade Organization are required to provide an "effective" system of plant variety protection within a specific time frame. In many developing countries this has led to a divisive debate about the fundamental desirability of extending intellectual property rights to agriculture. But empirical studies on the economic impacts of PVP, especially its ability to generate large private sector investments in plant breeding and facilitate the transfer of technology, have been very limited. This paper examines two aspects of the international experience of PVP legislation thus far (i) The relationship between legislation, R&D expenditures and PVP grants, i.e., the innovation effect, and (ii) The role... |
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Plant variety protection; Biotechnology; Technology transfer; Crop Production/Industries. |
Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24788 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Pardey, Philip G.; Koo, Bonwoo; Drew, Jennifer; Nottenburg, Carol. |
The United States was the first country in the world to explicitly offer intellectual property protection for plant varieties. Beginning in 1930, asexually reproduced plants were afforded plant patent protection, in 1970 sexually propagated plants could be awarded plant variety protection certificates, and beginning in 1985, courts confirmed that varieties of all types of plants were eligible for utility patents. From 1930 to 2008, a total of 34,340 varietal rights applications were lodged. The number of rights being sought continues to grow, with 42 percent of all the varietal rights claimed since 2000. Contrary to popular perception, most of these rights are for horticultural crops (69 percent), with ornamentals accounting for the lion’s share of the... |
Tipo: Working Paper |
Palavras-chave: Plant patents; Plant variety protection; Utility patents; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q16; Q18; O32; O34. |
Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119346 |
| |
|
|
|