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Registros recuperados: 11
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A Meaningful U.S. Cap-and-Trade System to Address Climate Change AgEcon
Stavins, Robert N..
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Cap-and-Trade System; Carbon Dioxide; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Global Climate Change; Carbon Taxes; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q540; Q280; Q380; Q480; Q580.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44469
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Addressing Climate Change with a Comprehensive U.S. Cap-and-Trade System AgEcon
Stavins, Robert N..
There is growing impetus for a domestic U.S. climate policy that can provide meaningful reductions in emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases. I describe and analyze an up- stream, economy-wide CO2 cap-and-trade system which implements a gradual trajectory of emissions reductions (with inclusion over time of non-CO2 greenhouse gases), and includes mechanisms to reduce cost uncertainty. Initially, half of the allowances are allocated through auction and half through free distribution, with the share being auctioned gradually increasing to 100 percent over 25 years. The system provides for linkage with emission reduction credit projects in other countries, harmonization over time with effective cap-and-trade systems in other countries and regions, and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Cap-and-Trade System; Carbon Dioxide; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Global Climate Change; Carbon Taxes; Q540; Q280; Q380; Q480; Q580.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42920
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Developing Country Participation: The Kyoto-Marrakech Politics AgEcon
Sari, Agus.
The US has repeatedly criticized the lack of "meaningful participation" of developing countries in the Kyoto Protocol. I discuss the course of negotiations on developing country participation between the conferences at Kyoto in 1997 and Marrakech in 2001. The reluctance of developing countries to enter into discussions on quantitative emissions targets can be explained by the principle of "common, but differentiated responsibilities" enshrined in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the fact that both per capita cumulative emissions and per capita income are still much lower in developing countries than in the industrialized world. Moreover, the Clean Development Mechanism that generates emissions credits for projects in developing countries...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: International climate policy; Kyoto Protocol; Developing countries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q540; Q560.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26302
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Efficient Documentation and Webmarketing Strategies for DNAs AgEcon
Gupta, Naman; Michaelowa, Axel.
In accordance with the modalities and procedures for a Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) decided in Marrakech 2001, "Parties participating in the CDM shall designate a national authority for the CDM." Till date only 89 Parties have established their Designated National Authority (DNA). Capacity building and marketing the national CDM programmes to buyers of Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) or project investors is one of the important tasks of host countries. In that context, website development and hosting is a key outreach mechanism for DNAs to market their national CDM programme as well as improving their country's competitiveness on the global market. But also Annex I DNA websites can play a useful role, particularly for host country companies who...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: CDM; DNA website; Non- Annex I countries; Annex-I countries; Marketing; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q540; Q560.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26172
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How Overconfident are Current Projections of Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide Emissions? AgEcon
Keller, Klaus; Miltich, Louise I.; Robinson, Alexander; Tol, Richard S.J..
Analyzing the risks of anthropogenic climate change requires sound probabilistic projections of CO2 emissions. Previous projections have broken important new ground, but many rely on out-of-range projections, are limited to the 21st century, or provide only implicit probabilistic information. Here we take a step towards resolving these problems by assimilating globally aggregated observations of population size, economic output, and CO2 emissions over the last three centuries into a simple economic model. We use this model to derive probabilistic projections of business-as-usual CO2 emissions to the year 2150. We demonstrate how the common practice to limit the calibration timescale to decades can result in biased and overconfident projections. The range...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Carbon Dioxide; Emissions; Scenarios; Data Assimilation; Markov Chain Monte Carlo; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q540.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9321
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Indian Urban Building Sector: CDM Potential through Energy Efficiency in Electricity Consumption AgEcon
Singh, Inderjeet; Michaelowa, Axel.
Indian economic growth is likely to lead to a huge increase of energy use in buildings but so far, policies to address this issue are lacking. Standard building energy use concerning glazing, air conditioning and lighting in different climatic zones across India leads to energy use per m2 which is 3-4 times of the German average. We assess the potential to improve building energy efficiency and how measures in the building sector could be framed as projects under the Clean Development Mechanism. CDM case studies for large buildings in the Indian public and private sector are presented. They achieve annual greenhouse gas reductions of 500 to 10,000 ton, which may not be sufficient to overcome the CDM transaction cost barrier. Despite short payback periods,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: CDM; Energy efficiency; India; Buildings; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q540; Q560; Q410.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26323
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Interactions between State and Federal Climate Change Policies AgEcon
Goulder, Lawrence H.; Stavins, Robert N..
Federal action addressing climate change is likely to emerge either through new legislation or via the U.S. EPA’s authority under the Clean Air Act. The prospect of federal action raises important questions regarding the interconnections between federal efforts and state-level climate policy developments. In the presence of federal policies, to what extent will state efforts be cost-effective? How does the co-existence of state- and federal-level policies affect the ability of state efforts to achieve emissions reductions? This paper addresses these questions. We find that state-level policy in the presence of a federal policy can be beneficial or problematic, depending on the nature of the overlap between the two systems, the relative stringency of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Global Climate Change; Federalism; Cap-And-Trade; Carbon Tax; Regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; H110; H770; K320; L510; Q480; Q540.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93413
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Land-Use Change and Carbon Sinks: Econometric Estimation of the Carbon Sequestration Supply Function AgEcon
Lubowski, Ruben N.; Plantinga, Andrew J.; Stavins, Robert N..
When and if the United States chooses to implement a greenhouse gas reduction program, it will be necessary to decide whether carbon sequestration policies - such as those that promote forestation and discourage deforestation - should be part of the domestic portfolio of compliance activities. We investigate the cost of forest-based carbon sequestration. In contrast with previous approaches, we econometrically examine micro-data on revealed landowner preferences, modeling six major private land uses in a comprehensive analysis of the contiguous United States. The econometric estimates are used to simulate landowner responses to sequestration policies. Key commodity prices are treated as endogenous and a carbon sink model is used to predict changes in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Abatement; Carbon; Climate change; Costs; Forestry; Greenhouse gases; Land use; Land-use change; Sequestration; Land Economics/Use; Q540; Q230; Q240; Q150.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10561
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The Problem of the Commons: Still Unsettled after 100 Years AgEcon
Stavins, Robert N..
The problem of the commons is more important to our lives and thus more central to economics than a century ago when Katharine Coman led off the first issue of the American Economic Review. As the U.S. and other economies have grown, the carrying-capacity of the planet - in regard to natural resources and environmental quality — has become a greater concern, particularly for common-property and open-access resources. The focus of this article is on some important, unsettled problems of the commons. Within the realm of natural resources, there are special challenges associated with renewable resources, which are frequently characterized by open access. An important example is the degradation of open-access fisheries. Critical commons problems are also...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Common-Property Resource; Open-Access Resource; Fisheries; Global Climate Change; Land Economics/Use; Q220; Q280; Q500; Q540; Q580.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98048
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The Promise and Problems of Pricing Carbon: Theory and Experience AgEcon
Aldy, Joseph E.; Stavins, Robert N..
Because of the global commons nature of climate change, international cooperation among nations will likely be necessary for meaningful action at the global level. At the same time, it will inevitably be up to the actions of sovereign nations to put in place policies that bring about meaningful reductions in the emissions of greenhouse gases. Due to the ubiquity and diversity of emissions of greenhouse gases in most economies, as well as the variation in abatement costs among individual sources, conventional environmental policy approaches, such as uniform technology and performance standards, are unlikely to be sufficient to the task. Therefore, attention has increasingly turned to market-based instruments in the form of carbon-pricing mechanisms. We...
Tipo: Working Paper Palavras-chave: Global Climate Change; Market-Based Instruments; Carbon Pricing; Carbon Taxes; Cap-and-Trade; Emission Reduction Credits; Energy Subsidies; Clean Energy Standards; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q540; Q580; Q400; Q480.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119105
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Using the Market to Address Climate Change: Insights from Theory and Experience AgEcon
Aldy, Joseph E.; Stavins, Robert N..
Emissions of greenhouse gases linked with global climate change are affected by diverse aspects of economic activity, including individual consumption, business investment, and government spending. An effective climate policy will have to modify the decision calculus for these activities in the direction of more efficient generation and use of energy, lower carbon-intensity of energy, and – more broadly – a more carbon-lean economy. The only approach to doing this on a meaningful scale that would be technically feasible and cost-effective is carbon pricing, that is, market-based climate policies that place a shadow-price on carbon dioxide emissions. We examine alternative designs of three such instruments – carbon taxes, cap-and-trade, and clean energy...
Tipo: Working Paper Palavras-chave: Global Climate Change; Market-Based Instruments; Carbon Pricing; Carbon Taxes; Cap-And-Trade; Clean Energy Standards; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q540; Q580; Q400; Q480.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119095
Registros recuperados: 11
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