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Registros recuperados: 31
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Accounting for (In)Efficiency in the Estimation of Time-Varying Returns to Scale 31
Shaik, Saleem.
This paper has a two-fold contribution. First, it examines the importance of accounting for (in)efficiency in the estimation of primal production function on the input elasticities, technical change, and calculation of returns to scale. Second, it applies a variant of the rolling regression technique to identify time-varying input elasticities, technical change, and return to scale. Empirical application to the Asian agriculture sector using Food and Agricultural Organization data from 1961-2005 indicates returns to scale are underestimated by the traditional pooled and panel models. Further, the time-varying estimates of input elasticities, technical change, and returns to scale indicate variations with each additional year of information.
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Asian agriculture sector; Time-varying input elasticities; Technical change; And returns to scale; Pooled; Two-way random effect; Stochastic frontier analysis; 1961-2005.; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44308
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Agricultural Productivity and Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa 31
Yu, Bingxin; Nin Pratt, Alejandro.
We analyze the evolution of Sub-Saharan Africa’s agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) over the past 45 years, looking for evidence of recent changes in growth patterns using an improved nonparametric Malmquist index. Our TFP estimates show a remarkable recovery in the performance of Sub-Saharan Africa’s agriculture between 1984 and 2006 after a long period of poor performance and decline. That recovery is the consequence of improved efficiency in production resulting from changes in the output structure and an adjustment in the use of inputs. Policy interventions, including fiscal, trade and sector specific policies, appear to have played an important role in improving agriculture’s performance. Despite the improved agricultural performance, SSA...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Efficiency; Malmquist index; Total factor productivity; Technical change; Sub-Saharan Africa; Policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/105400
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Brazilian Agricultural Productivity and Policy 31
Rada, Nicholas E.; Buccola, Steven T..
Replaced with revised version of poster 07/29/11.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Brazilian agriculture; Embrapa; Input distance function; Stochastic frontier; Total factor productivity; Technical change; Efficiency; International Development; Productivity Analysis; O2; O3.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103326
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Brazil's Rising Agricultural Productivity and World Competitiveness 31
Rada, Nicholas E.; Buccola, Steven T.; Fuglie, Keith O..
Brazil now is the largest coffee, sugar, and fruit juice producer, second-largest soybean and beef producer, and third-largest corn and broiler producer. It has overtaken the U.S. in poultry exports, nearly matches the U.S. in soybean exports, and dominates global trade in frozen orange juice. To test and better understand these advances, we draw on decennial farm censuses to examine technical change and efficiency in Brazilian agriculture. Our approach is to estimate a stochastic, multi-product, output distance frontier, using a translog functional form and data disaggregated to the micro-region (sub-state) level. Using two consecutive decennial farm censuses, we combine state-level Fisher productivity-change indexes with state-level translog distance...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Brazil; Shephard distance function; Stochastic frontier; Technical change; Technical efficiency; International Development; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49317
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BROADACRE FARM PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY IN SOUTH WESTERN AUSTRALIA 31
Islam, Nazrul; Xayavong, Vilaphonh; Kingwell, Ross S..
This paper examines broadacre farm performance in south-western Australia. This region has experienced pronounced climate variability and volatile commodity prices over the last decade or so. Relationships between productivity and profitability are explored using panel data from 50 farms in the study region. The data are analysed using non-parametric methods. Components of farm productivity and profitability are measured over the period 1998 to 2008. Economies of scale and scope are shown often to be positive contributors to productivity and profitability. However, the main finding is that technical change, much more so than technical efficiency, has supplied over 68 percent of the improvement in total factor productivity for farms in the different...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Productivity; Profitability; Technical change; Farm businesses; Farm Management; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100565
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Changing Productivity in U.S. Petroleum Exploration and Development 31
Bohi, Douglas R..
This study analyzes sources of productivity change in petroleum exploration and development in the United States over the last ten years. There have been several major developments in the industry over the last decade that have led to dramatic reductions in the cost of finding and developing oil and natural gas resources. While some of the cost savings are organizational and institutional in nature, the most important changes are in the application of new technologies used to find and produce oil and gas: 3D seismology, horizontal drilling, and deepwater drilling. Not all the innovation is endogenous to the industry; some rests on outside advances (such as advances in high-speed computing that enabled 3D seismology), as well as learning-by-doing. The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Petroleum supply; Technical change; World oil market; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q31; O31.
Ano: 1998 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10902
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COMMODITY POLICY, PRICE INCENTIVES, AND THE GROWTH IN PER-ACRE YIELDS 31
Foster, William E.; Babcock, Bruce A..
We estimate the influence of policy-induced price changes and of technology supply on North Carolina flue-cured tobacco yields. The decline in land rent and effective output price that accompanied a 1965 policy change from acreage allotments to poundage quotas caused a 12 percent decrease in yields. Farmer yields were more responsive to yield-increasing technologies under acreage allotments than under poundage quotas. Annual yield growth was 0.5 percent under poundage quotas and 4.32 percent under acreage allotments. The growth rate decline is attributable to changes in relative prices and to a slowdown in the supply of available technologies.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Commodity policy; Endogenous yield growth; Flue-cured tobacco; Technical change; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1993 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15194
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Decomposition of Total Factor Productivity Change in the U.S. Hog Industry 31
Key, Nigel D.; McBride, William D.; Mosheim, Roberto.
The U.S. hog industry has experienced dramatic structural changes and rapid increases in farm productivity. A stochastic frontier analysis is used to measure hog enterprise total factor productivity (TFP) growth between 1992 and 2004 and to decompose this growth into technical change and changes in technical efficiency, scale efficiency, and allocative efficiency. Productivity gains over the 12-year period are found to be explained almost entirely by technical progress and by improvements in scale efficiency. Differences in TFP growth rates in the Southeast and Heartland regions were found to be explained primarily by differences in farm size growth rates.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Hog production; Scale efficiency; Stochastic frontier; Technical change; Total factor productivity growth; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; D24; Q12.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45512
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Economics and Biodiversity in Intensively Managed Agro-Ecosystems 31
Russell, Noel P.; Pascual, Unai; Omer, Amani A..
This paper explores the dynamic effects of biodiversity conservation on agricultural production in the context of specialised intensive farming systems. The focus is on the analysis of the dynamic effects of changes in the levels of agrobiodiversity, on technical change and productivity in intensive agricultural systems. A theoretical model is used to derive hypotheses regarding these linkages that are empirically tested using a stochastic production frontier model with data from a panel of UK cereal farms for the period 1989-2000. The results suggest that the increased agrobiodiversity has positively helped to shift the production frontier outwards. This indicates that the evolution of an intensive agricultural system to less intensive use of inputs can...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agrobiodiversity; Intensive Agriculture; Productivity; Technical change; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12; Q16; Q24.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25663
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Efficiency and productivity change of Estonian dairy farms from 2001 - 2009 31
Luik, Helis; Omel, Raul; Viira, Ants-Hannes.
The purpose of this paper is to analyse productivity change of Estonian dairy farms during the period 2001-2009. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used to estimate the technical efficiency of producers and Malmquist productivity index for analysis of productivity change. Estonian FADN data was used in analysis. Performed analysis indicated that Estonian EU accession in 2004 increased considerably total factor productivity. Farm gate milk prices have considerable effect on total factor productivity change. Number of cows and milk yield has positive and dependence on subsidies, stocking density and capital to working hours ratio have negative effects on total factor productivity change.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Malmquist productivity index; Technical efficiency; Technical change; Data envelopment analysis; Dairy production; Livestock Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114583
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ESTIMATING PRODUCTIVITY CHANGES WITH FLEXIBLE COEFICIENTS 31
Dorfman, Jeffrey H.; Foster, Kenneth A..
Technical progress in U.S. agriculture is evaluated using a new measure of productivity growth, flexible technical change. This measure allows for nonconstant returns to scale, market structures other than perfect competition, and time-varying coefficients. An integral part of the procedure is the estimation of the production function by Flexible Least Squares. Flexible technical change results are compared with two traditional measures of productivity growth and found to be more stable and more precise in a statistical sense. The results suggest that previous studies which employed total factor productivity measures may have overstated the impact of technology in agriculture.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Flexible least squares; Productivity; Technical change; Time-varying coefficients; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 1991 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32615
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Evaluating the genetic progress of wheat in NSW, 1992-2009 31
Redmond, Thomas; Nolan, Elizabeth; Martin, Peter J..
Intellectual Property Regimes (IPRs) have been justified on the basis that they promote innovation, but it is not always clear that they do so. Empirical studies of IPRs in an Australian context have been limited. Plant variety protection is one form of IPR. The passing of the Australian Plant Breeder’s Rights Act of 1994 has been followed by significant commercialisation of the wheat breeding industry. The purpose of this paper is to consider whether this commercialisation has benefited wheat productivity through varietal improvement. We estimate a linear crop production function, using a random effects Hausman Taylor estimator to evaluate differences in genetic contributions to productivity between public and private wheat varieties commercially released...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Genetic change; Technical change; Innovation; Wheat breeding; Intellectual property; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100702
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Learning in Organic Farming – An Application on Finnish Dairy Farms 31
Sipilainen, Timo; Oude Lansink, Alfons G.J.M..
Organic farming technology may be relatively unknown to farmers at the time when they switch from conventional into organic farming. Therefore, experience gained over time and learning by doing may be important determinants in the efficiency of organic farming. It may also take time to reach the optimal nutrient stock of soil and optimal nutrient supply for arable crops under organic farming. Thus, efficiency of organic farming can either grow or decrease over time depending on the nature of the technology and the learning process. This paper estimates technical efficiency of organic farming and its development over time. We control for possible selection bias and regional heterogeneity when estimating a stochastic frontier distance functions for a sample...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Technical efficiency; Technical change; Output distance function; SFA; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C23; D24; D83; O30; Q12.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24493
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Long-Run Structural and Productivity Change in U.S. Agriculture: Effects of Prices and Policies 31
Evenson, Robert E.; Huffman, Wallace E..
This paper presents (1) a conceptual framework for structural change when farms may be multiproduct or specialized and (2) an econometrics examination of causes of structural and total factor productivity (TFP) change for U.S. agriculture. Farm size, farm specialization, and part-time farming are the structural dimension emphasized, and they become potential channels to TFP change. Using state aggregate data starting in 1950, we conclude that input prices, public and private research, public extension, and government commodity programs have directly and indirectly caused change in U.S. farm structure and TFP. Our results suggest that changes in farm size, however, have been dominated by input price changes rather than by technology or government programs.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Farm structure; Productivity; Farm size; Farm specialization; Part-time farming; Research; Technical change; Agriculture; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 1997 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28518
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Measuring the Contribution to the Economy of Investments in Renewable Energy: Estimates of Future Consumer Gains 31
MacAuley, Molly K.; Shih, Jhih-Shyang; Aronow, Emily; Austin, David H.; Bath, Tom; Darmstadter, Joel.
In this paper we develop a cost index-based measure of the expected consumer welfare gains from innovation in electricity generation technologies. To illustrate our approach, we estimate how much better off consumers would be from 2000 to 2020 as renewable energy technologies continue to be improved and gradually adopted, compared with a counterfactual scenario that allows for continual improvement of conventional technology. We proceed from the position that the role and prospects of renewable energy are best assessed within a market setting that considers competing energy technologies and sources. We evaluate five renewable energy technologies used to generate electricity: solar photovoltaics, solar thermal, geothermal, wind, and biomass. For each, we...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Energy economics; Technical change; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q4; O3.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10588
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OUTPUT CHANGE IN U.S. AGRICULTURE: AN INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS 31
Holland, David W.; Martin, R.P..
This paper analyzes output changes in the U.S. agricultural economy from 1972 to 1977 using a 477-sector input-output framework. The empirical model is based on benchmark input-output data from the U.S. Bureau of Economic analysis for 1972 and 1977. Output changes were decomposed into components attributable to technical change, domestic final demand change, export demand change and import substitution. A major advantage of the decomposition is its ability to identify the output change in a given sector due to general equilibrium effects in all sectors.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Import substitution; Input-output; Output change; Technical change; Production Economics.
Ano: 1993 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15040
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Private Agricultural R&D in the United States 31
Tokgoz, Simla.
The objective of this study is to analyze the determinants of private agricultural R&D investment in the United States and the liaison between public and private R&D sectors. The empirical analysis employs U.S. agricultural data for the 1970-1996 period. The results show that federal R&D obligations for basic research, used as a proxy for the complementary role of public R&D, have a significant and positive impact on private agricultural R&D spending. In contrast, federal R&D obligations for applied research, used as a proxy for the substitute role of public R&D, are not found to have a significant impact.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Applied public agricultural R&D; Basic public agricultural R&D; Private agricultural R&D; Quality innovation model; Technical change; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8620
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Production Structure and Technical Change in Thai Agriculture, 1972-1994 31
Krasachat, W..
The main purposes of this study are to quantitatively investigate the production structure and the pattern of technical change in Thai agriculture for the period of 1972-94. A translog variable cost function framework is used to estimate a system of the cost function and the associated cost share equations for Thai agriculture. The system is estimated using the iterative seemingly unrelated regression method applied to a panel of 92 observations, comprising annual data from 1972 to 1994 for four regions in Thailand. The analytical results indicate that there were scale economies, low technical progress, and complementarities between capital and fertiliser, capital and hired labour, and capital and unpaid family labour. Technical change was biased toward...
Tipo: Presentation Palavras-chave: Production structure; Technical change; Thai agriculture; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123688
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Productivity Change in the Australian Sheep Industry Revisited 31
Villano, Renato A.; Fleming, Euan M.; Farrell, Terence C.; Fleming, Pauline.
Recent low estimates of total factor productivity change for wool producers in the Australian sheep industry indicate that they are struggling to improve their performance. This evidence is at odds with the views of many technical observers of industry performance, prompting us to re-estimate total factor productivity change for farmers in a benchmarking group in south-west Victoria who had been the subject of such a negative finding. An important transformation in sheep production in Australia in recent decades has been a change in enterprise mix, notably a greater presence of prime lamb production. This change complicates the process of computing efficiency and productivity change. We demonstrate that a multi-input multi-output approach, based on the use...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Sheep; Stochastic output distance function; Technical change; Total factor productivity; Livestock Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis; C23; O3; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25593
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R&D SPILLOVERS IN AGRICULTURE: RESULTS FROM A TRADE MODEL 31
Tokgoz, Simla.
The objective of this study is to analyze technical change and the role of research and development (R&D) spillovers in this process for the U.S. agricultural sector. This study is composed of both a theoretical and an empirical analysis. In the theoretical analysis, a quality innovation model is used in which the R&D sector is the source of technological progress and is composed of a public and a private sector. The public R&D sector can serve either as a substitute to the private R&D sector or as a complement to it. Free trade is included in the next step of the analysis as a mechanism through which R&D spillovers are realized, along with increased market size for domestic R&D firms and increased competition from foreign R&D...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Productivity; R&D spillovers; Technical change; Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18592
Registros recuperados: 31
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