Data/hora: 09/06/2024 05:56:32

Provedor de dados: | 27
País: | Belgium
Título: | The genus &lt;i&gt;Batzella&lt;/i&gt;: a chemosystematic problem
Autores: | Van Soest, R.W.M.; Braekman, J.C.; Faulkner, D.J.; Hajdu, E.; Harper, M.K.; Vacelet, J.
Data: | 1996
Ano: | 1996
Palavras-chave: | Alkaloids; Chemotaxonomy; Batzella; Poecilosclerida.
Resumo: | Biogenetically unrelated cyclic guanidine alkaloids and pyrroloquinoline alkaloids have been reported from sponges assigned to the genus &lt;i&gt;Batzella&lt;/i&gt;. These sponges have been assigned to this genus because of their possession of a simple complement of thin strongyles in irregular plumoreticulate arrangement. Cyclic guanidine alkaloids were first reported from an alleged axinellid species from the Caribbean, &lt;i&gt;Ptilocaulis&lt;/i&gt; aff. &lt;i&gt;P. spiculifer&lt;/i&gt;, and subsequently from a second Carribean specimen identified as &lt;i&gt;Ptilocaulis spiculifer&lt;/i&gt; and at the same time from a Red Sea poecilosclerid, &lt;i&gt;Hemimycale&lt;/i&gt; sp. Closely related compounds were described from a Caribbean specimen identified as &lt;i&gt;Batzella&lt;/i&gt; sp. and also from the poecilosclerids &lt;i&gt;Crambe crambe&lt;/i&gt; (Mediterranean) and &lt;i&gt;Monanchora arbuscula&lt;/i&gt; (Brazil). Isobatzellins (pyrroloquinoline alkaloids) were reported from a black deep-water species from the Bahamas identified as &lt;i&gt;Batzella&lt;/i&gt; sp. Chemically related pyrroloquinoline alkaloids were found in Pacific representatives of the fistular poecilosclerid genus &lt;i&gt;Zyzzya&lt;/i&gt;, the hadromerid genus &lt;i&gt;Latrunculia&lt;/i&gt; and the ?haplosclerid genus &lt;i&gt;Prianos&lt;/i&gt;. Most of the voucher specimens involved in this puzzle were re-examined and several conclusions can be drawn: when inspected closely it appears, that the cyclic guanidine alkaloids are produced by sponges containing anisostrongyles, often in two categories, a thicker and a thinner one. &lt;i&gt;Monanchora arbuscula&lt;/i&gt;, which has been recently discovered to produce these compounds, has monactinal spicules differentiated into a thinner subtylostyle and a thicker (tylo-) style, but many specimens have anisostrongylote modifications. Microscleres in &lt;i&gt;Monanchora&lt;/i&gt; can be absent or very rare. By association, all the sponges from which cyclic guanidine alkaloids are known may be united in one family, possibly in a single wider defined genus &lt;i&gt;Monanchora&lt;/i&gt;. However, further relationships with &lt;i&gt;Crambe&lt;/i&gt; need to be studied. Both have cyclic guanidine alkaloids, both have megascleres of very variable shapes and thickness, differentiated mostly into two overlapping categories, microscleres and other additional spicules are often rare or absent. Relationships with the type of &lt;i&gt;Hemimycale&lt;/i&gt;, viz. &lt;i&gt;H. columella&lt;/i&gt; remain obscure, but in view of the much larger spicules of that species and the intricate ectosomal specialization (lacking in the above mentioned specimens) it is possible that similarities between the Red Sea &lt;i&gt;Hemimycale&lt;/i&gt; and the European species are the product of parallel evolution. The strongyles of sponges producing pyrroloquinoline alkaloids are perfect isostrongyles and in the ectosome these are arranged in a definite ectosomal tangential crust. A good proportion of these strongyles have a faint spination on the apices. Assignment of these sponges to &lt;i&gt;Batzella&lt;/i&gt; rest on the properties of its type species &lt;i&gt;Batzella inops&lt;/i&gt;. Examination of a type spicule slide of that species did not solve that question, but until further notice &lt;i&gt;Batzella&lt;/i&gt; may be used for the deep-water material. A further unsolved problem that remains is the phylogenetic relationships of &lt;i&gt;Batzella&lt;/i&gt; with &lt;i&gt;Zyzzya&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Latrunculia&lt;/i&gt;. The likelyhoods of possible causes for this distribution of compounds are discussed.
Tipo: | Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Idioma: | Inglês
Identificador: | http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/303650.pdf
Formato: | application/pdf
Fonte: | %3Ci%3EBull.+Kon.+Belg.+Inst.+Natuurwet.+Biologie+66%28Suppl.%29%3C%2Fi%3E%3A+89-101
Fonte: | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess