Data/hora: 10/06/2024 12:09:55

Provedor de dados: 	5	
País: 	France	
Título: 	Effect of Nitrate, Ammonium and Urea on Growth and Pinnatoxin G Production of Vulcanodinium rugosum	
Autores: 	Abadie, Eric; Kaci, Lamia; Berteaux, Tom; Hess, Philipp; Sechet, Veronique; Masseret, Estelle; Rolland, Jean-luc; Laabir, Mohamed.	
Data: 	2015-09	
Ano: 	2015	
Palavras-chave: 	Vulcanodinium rugosum; Pinnatoxin G; Ingril lagoon; Growth; Nitrogen source.	
Resumo: 	ulcanodinium rugosum, a recently described dinoflagellate species producing a potent neurotoxin (pinnatoxin G), has been identified in French Mediterranean lagoons and was responsible for recurrent episodes of shellfish toxicity detected by mouse bioassay. Until now, the biology and physiology of V. rugosum have not been fully investigated. We studied the growth characteristics and toxicity of a V. rugosum strain (IFR-VRU-01), isolated in the Ingril lagoon in June 2009 (North-Western French Mediterranean Sea). It was cultivated in Enriched Natural Sea Water (ENSW) with organic (urea) and inorganic (ammonium and nitrate) nitrogen, at a temperature of 25 °C and irradiance of 100 μmol/m2·s−1. Results showed that ammonium was assimilated by cells more rapidly than nitrate and urea. V. rugosum is thus an osmotrophic species using urea. Consequently, this nitrogen form could contribute to the growth of this dinoflagellate species in the natural environment. There was no significant difference (Anova, p = 0.856) between the growth rate of V. rugosum cultivated with ammonium (0.28 ± 0.11 day−1), urea (0.26 ± 0.08 day−1) and nitrate (0.24 ± 0.01 day−1). However, the production of chlorophyll a and pinnatoxin G was significantly lower with urea as a nitrogen source (Anova, p &lt; 0.027), suggesting that nutritional conditions prevailing at the moment of the bloom could determine the cellular toxicity of V. rugosum and therefore the toxicity measured in contaminated mollusks. The relatively low growth rate (≤0.28 day−1) and the capacity of this species to continuously produce temporary cysts could explain why cell densities of this species in the water column are typically low (≤20,000 cells/L).	
Tipo: 	Text	
Idioma: 	Inglês	
Identificador: 	https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00276/38748/37290.pdf

DOI:10.3390/md13095642

https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00276/38748/	
Editor: 	Mdpi Ag	
Formato: 	application/pdf	
Fonte: 	Marine Drugs (1660-3397) (Mdpi Ag), 2015-09 , Vol. 13 , N. 9 , P. 5642-5656	
Fonte: 	2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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