Data/hora: 09/06/2024 07:42:13

Provedor de dados: | 5
País: | France
Título: | Freshwater and its role in the Arctic Marine System: sources, disposition, storage, export, and physical and biogeochemical consequences in the Arctic and global oceans
Autores: | Carmack, E. C.; Yamamoto-kawai, M.; Haine, T. W. N.; Bacon, S.; Bluhm, B. A.; Lique, Camille; Melling, H.; Polyakov, I. V.; Straneo, F.; Timmermans, M. -l.; Williams, W. J.
Data: | 2016-03
Ano: | 2016
Palavras-chave: | Arctic; Oceans; Circulation; Freshwater; Carbon cycle; Acidification.
Resumo: | The Arctic Ocean is a fundamental node in the global hydrological cycle and the ocean's thermohaline circulation. We here assess the system's key functions and processes: 1) the delivery of fresh and low salinity waters to the Arctic Ocean by river inflow, net precipitation, distillation during the freeze/thaw cycle and Pacific Ocean inflows; 2) the disposition (e.g. sources, pathways and storage) of freshwater components within the Arctic Ocean; and 3) the release and export of freshwater components into the bordering convective domains of the North Atlantic. We then examine physical, chemical or biological processes which are influenced or constrained by the local quantities and geochemical qualities of fresh water; these include: stratification and vertical mixing, ocean heat flux, nutrient supply, primary production, ocean acidification and biogeochemical cycling. Internal to the Arctic the joint effects of sea ice decline and hydrological cycle intensification have strengthened coupling between the ocean and the atmosphere (e.g. wind and ice-drift stresses, solar radiation, heat and moisture exchange), the bordering drainage basins (e.g. river discharge, sediment transport, erosion) and terrestrial ecosystems (e.g. Arctic greening, dissolved and particulate carbon loading, altered phenology of biotic components). External to the Arctic freshwater export acts as both a constraint to and a necessary ingredient for deep convection in the bordering subarctic gyres and thus affects the global thermohaline circulation. Geochemical fingerprints attained within the Arctic Ocean are likewise exported into the neighboring subarctic systems and beyond. Finally, we discuss observed and modelled functions and changes in this system on seasonal, annual and decadal time scales, and discuss mechanisms that link the marine system to atmospheric, terrestrial and cryospheric systems.
Tipo: | Text
Idioma: | Inglês

Identificador:

http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00313/42460/41831.pdf

DOI:10.1002/2015JG003140

http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00313/42460/

Editor: | Amer Geophysical Union
Formato: | application/pdf
Fonte: | Journal Of Geophysical Research-biogeosciences (2169-8953) (Amer Geophysical Union), 2016-03 , Vol. 121 , N. 3 , P. 675-717

Fonte:

2015 American Geophysical Union. All rights reserved.

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