Consulta: creatorFacets:"Johansson,   Robert C."
Registros recuperados: 24
Data/hora: 13/06/2024 08:03:29

UNION DENSITY EFFECTS IN THE SUPERMARKET INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johansson,   Robert C.; Coggins,   Jay S.; Senauer,   Benjamin.
Higher union density (the percentage of employees in an area who belong to unions) is known to raise the wages of union members. We find that in the supermarket industry, higher density locally also leads to higher wages for non-union members. Despite this, workers who are not in unions lose ground relative to union members. For a 10% increase in local union densities in the supermarket industry it is estimated that the wages of union employees in that labor market will increase by 5.3% and by 1.2% for nonunion. Hence, the union wage premium will increase in regions with higher union densities. At the time of the last national examination of the retail industry in 1977, union influence in the retail food industry was near its peak. Subsequently union...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14313

Working-Land Conservation Structures: Evidence on Program and Non-Program Participants
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lambert,   Dayton M.; Schaible,   Glenn D.; Johansson,   Robert C.; Daberkow,   Stan G.
In recent years, the Federal government has placed more emphasis on working-land conservation programs. Farmers can be reimbursed for adopting certain conservation practices, such as the installation of in-field or perimeter conservation structures, to enhance water quality and soil productivity. In an effort to better understand the relationships between operator motivations, program incentives, and the environmental benefits of conservation programs, a multi-agency survey, the Conservation Effects Assessment Project-Agricultural Resources Management Survey (CEAP-ARMS), was conducted in 2004 across 16 states representing more than one-million farmers growing wheat. The nationally representative survey integrates Natural Resources Inventory (NRI) data on...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21438

Manure Stew - U.S. Ingredients: Carrots, Sticks, and Water
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johansson,   Robert C.; Kaplan,   Jonathan D.
Increased funding for agri-environmental programs and increased regulation of manure waste will affect the U.S. agricultural sector and environmental quality. This paper explores the economic and environmental consequences from livestock producers' adoption of manure management strategies and crop producers' use of manure nutrients under various payment schemes.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21900

On how environmental stringency influences BMP adoption
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johansson,   Robert C.; Kara,   Erdal; Ribaudo,   Marc.
Replaced with revised version of paper 06/22/06.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21207

Greener Acres or Greener Waters? Potential U.S. Impacts of Agricultural Trade Liberalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johansson,   Robert C.; Cooper,   Joseph C.; Vasavada,   Utpal.
This paper examines the elimination of all agricultural policy distortions in all trading countries and agricultural production decisions in the United States, as well as subsequent environmental quality in the presence and absence of nondegradation environmental standards. The results suggest that trade liberalization has the potential to increase domestic production and boost agricultural returns by as much as 8.5 percent. Consumer surplus would likely fall, and the discharge of nutrients, sediment, and pesticides would likely increase. However, environmental policies can limit these adverse environmental impacts and mute the potential decrease in consumer surplus, while leaving increased returns to agricultural production.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Trade reform; Environment; Nondegradation; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10195

WHEN THE !%$? HITS THE LAND: IMPLICATIONS FOR US AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT WHEN LAND APPLICATION OF MANURE IS CONSTRAINED
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaplan,   Jonathan D.; Johansson,   Robert C.
Confined animal production in the U.S. and its associated discharge of manure nutrients into area waters is considered a leading contributor to current water quality impairments. A common option to mitigate these impairments is to limit land application of manure. This paper evaluates the implications of alternative land application constraints for U.S. agriculture and the environment at the regional and sector level.  The results suggest that when these constraints are particularly binding, due to minimal acceptance of manure as a substitute for commercial fertilizer, potentially large and unanticipated changes in returns to agricultural production and water quality may occur. Furthermore, we find that some of the cost of meeting the land application...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22002

CHEATING ON NONPOINT MARGIN: HOW MUCH MIGHT IT COST?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johansson,   Robert C.
Trading of pollution permits with banking and borrowing can achieve an optimal distribution of abatement across agents and time.  However, when the environmental constraint is binding under imperfectly observed abatement practices, there is an incentive for sources to misrepresent their activities.  This cheating can erode the efficiency of a permit system in achieving an environmental standard, but it is shown that this incentive to cheat causes similar efficiency losses in a command-and-control mechanism employing a uniform reduction policy.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nonpoint pollution; Emissions trading system; Asymmetric information.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21856

Watershed Nutrient Trading Under Asymmetric Information
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johansson,   Robert C.
This study evaluates first- and second-best trading policies for regulating watershed phosphorus under asymmetric information. The trading policies are differentiated on the degree to which regulators observe point and nonpoint source abatement efforts. The efficiency losses attributable to these informational asymmetries and those of the second-best policies can be measured in social welfare, and provide regulators the shadow value of foregoing first-best measures. Given representative monitoring costs from national water monitoring programs, it is shown that under asymmetric information, the chosen second-best trading policies outperform first-best policies by 11% in the control of watershed nutrient pollution.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31382

POTENTIAL MARKET IMPACTS OF SOYBEAN RUST
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Livingston,   Michael J.; Johansson,   Robert C.; Daberkow,   Stan G.; Roberts,   Michael J.; Ash,   Mark S.; Breneman,   Vincent E.
Paper and PowerPoint Presentation
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32842

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND-USE CHANGE: THE ROLE OF ECONOMICS AND POLICY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lubowski,   Ruben N.; Bucholtz,   Shawn; Claassen,   Roger; Roberts,   Michael J.; Cooper,   Joseph C.; Gueorguieva,   Anna; Johansson,   Robert C.
This report examines evidence on the relationship between agricultural land-use changes, soil productivity, and indicators of environmental sensitivity. If cropland that shifts in and out of production is less productive and more environmentally sensitive than other cropland, policy-induced changes in land use could have production effects that are smaller-and environmental impacts that are greater-than anticipated. To illustrate this possibility, this report examines environmental outcomes stemming from landuse conversion caused by two agricultural programs that others have identified as potentially having important influences on land use and environmental quality: Federal crop insurance subsidies and the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), the Nation's...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Conservation Reserve Program (CRP); Crop insurance; Erosion; Extensive margin; Farm policy; Imperiled species; Land use; Land-use change; Land quality; Nutrient loss; Soil productivity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33591

A Carrot-and-Stick Approach to Environmental Improvement: Marrying Agri-Environmental Payments and Water Quality Regulations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaplan,   Jonathan D.; Johansson,   Robert C.
Agri-environmental programs, such as the Environmental Quality Incentives Program, provide payments to livestock and crop producers to generate broadly defined environmental benefits and to help them comply with federal water quality regulations, such as those that require manure nutrients generated on large animal feeding operations to be spread on cropland at no greater than agronomic rates. We couch these policy options in terms of agri-environmental "carrots" and regulatory "sticks," respectively. The U.S. agricultural sector is likely to respond to these policies in a variety of ways. Simulation analysis suggests that meeting nutrient standards would result in decreased levels of animal production, increased prices for livestock and poultry products,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31369

ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE IN U.S. AGRICULTURAL POLICY:  PAST PERFORMANCE AND FUTURE POTENTIAL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Claassen,   Roger; Breneman,   Vincent E.; Bucholtz,   Shawn; Cattaneo,   Andrea; Johansson,   Robert C.; Morehart,   Mitchell J.
Since 1985, U.S. agricultural producers have been required to practice soil conservation on highly erodible cropland and conserve wetlands as a condition of farm program eligibility. This report discusses the general characteristics of compliance incentives, evaluates their effectiveness in reducing erosion in the program's current form, and explores the potential for expanding the compliance approach to address nutrient runoff from crop production. While soil erosion has, in fact, been reduced on land subject to Conservation Compliance, erosion is also down on land not subject to Conservation Compliance, indicating the influence of other factors. Analysis to isolate the influence of Conservation Compliance incentives from other factors suggests that about...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Conservation compliance; Sodbuster; Swampbuster; Conservation policy; Agri-environmental policy; Nutrient management; Buffer practices; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34033

Permanence of Carbon Sequestered in Forests under Uncertainty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   C.S.; Lewandrowski,   Jan; Sands,   Ronald D.; Johansson,   Robert C.
In this paper we examine the issue of permanence in the context of sequestering carbon through afforestation. We develop a dynamic nested optimal control model of carbon sequestration associated with the decision to afforest a tract of land given there are uncertainties associated with fire and insect/disease hazards.  Conceptually, these potential hazards are similar in that their occurrence at any time t is uncertain and landowners can take specific actions – although generally different actions - in any time period t to reduce the probability of sustaining losses related to them. The hazards differ, however, in that fire represents a large loss in carbon at a moment in time, while insect/disease infestations are more likely to be reflected in a period...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Uncertainty; Optimal control; Hazard function; Forestry; Permanence; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103565

The Conservation Reserve Program: Economic Implications for Rural America
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sullivan,   Patrick; Hellerstein,   Daniel; Hansen,   LeRoy T.; Johansson,   Robert C.; Koenig,   Steven R.; Lubowski,   Ruben N.; McBride,   William D.; McGranahan,   David A.; Roberts,   Michael J.; Vogel,   Stephen J.; Bucholtz,   Shawn.
This report estimates the impact that high levels of enrollment in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) have had on economic trends in rural counties since the program's inception in 1985 until today. The results of a growth model and quasi-experimental control group analysis indicate no discernible impact by the CRP on aggregate county population trends. Aggregate employment growth may have slowed in some high-CRP counties, but only temporarily. High levels of CRP enrollment appear to have affected farm-related businesses over the long run, but growth in the number of other nonfarm businesses moderated CRP's impact on total employment. If CRP contracts had ended in 2001, simulation models suggest that roughly 51 percent of CRP land would have returned...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33987

Successes and Challenges of Food Market Reform: Experiences from Kenya, Mozambique, Zambia, and Zimbabwe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jayne,   Thomas S.; Mukumbu,   Mulinge; Chisvo,   Munhamo; Tschirley,   David L.; Weber,   Michael T.; Zulu,   Ballard; Johansson,   Robert C.; Santos,   Paula Mota; Soroko,   David.
This paper describes the different food policy courses pursued in recent years by four countries in Eastern and Southern Africa, and documents their differential effects on farmer and consumer behavior. Results are based primarily on a survey and synthesis of recent analysis. The paper highlights lessons learned from the different policy paths pursued in each country, and thus provides insights into the costs and benefits of alternative strategies for promoting national food security and enhancing producer and consumer options.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Food market reform; Agricultural and Food Policy; Marketing; Downloads June 2008-July 2009: 30; Q18.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54672

Participant Bidding Enhances Cost Effectiveness
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johansson,   Robert C.
A multitude of design decisions influence the performance of voluntary conservation programs. This Economic Brief is one of a set of five exploring the implications of decisions policymakers and program managers must make about who is eligible to receive payments, how much can be received, for what action, and the means by which applicants are selected. The particular issue examined here is the potential benefits of allowing farmers to "bid" for the activity they will undertake and the level of payment they would receive for it.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34085

Successes and Challenges of Food Market Reform: Experiences from Kenya, Mozambique, Zambia, and Zimbabwe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tschirley,   David L.; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Mukumbu,   Mulinge; Chisvo,   Munhamo; Weber,   Michael T.; Zulu,   Ballard; Johansson,   Robert C.; Santos,   Paula Mota; Soroko,   David.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Downloads July 2008-July 2009: 38.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11270

Simulating the U.S. Impacts of Alternative Asian Soybean Rust Treatment Regimes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johansson,   Robert C.; Livingston,   Michael J.; Westra,   John V.; Guidry,   Kurt M.
Asian soybean rust (rust) is an emerging issue in U.S. crop production and was identified in nine states during 2004. Recent farm surveys indicate that many producers are adjusting their management practices to the possibility of a rust infestation. The economic and environmental impacts of such adjustments are not known in the medium run given these new developments. We combine 2005 data on the geographical distribution of the fungal pathogen that causes rust with 2005 information on the availability and material costs of fungicides to analyze three treatment strategies. Our results indicate a higher range of economic impacts than previous  research has indicated, but are consistent with earlier findings indicating that rust infestations will likely...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Asian soybean rust; Invasive species; Phakopsora pachyrhizi; Preventative and curative fungicides; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10186

MANURE MANAGEMENT FOR WATER QUALITY COSTS TO ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS OF APPLYING MANURE NUTRIENTS TO LAND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ribaudo,   Marc; Kaplan,   Jonathan D.; Christensen,   Lee A.; Gollehon,   Noel R.; Johansson,   Robert C.; Breneman,   Vincent E.; Aillery,   Marcel P.; Agapoff,   Jean; Peters,   Mark.
Nutrients from livestock and poultry manure are key sources of water pollution. Ever-growing numbers of animals per farm and per acre have increased the risk of water pollution. New Clean Water Act regulations compel the largest confined animal producers to meet nutrient application standards when applying manure to the land, and USDA encourages all animal feeding operations to do the same. The additional costs for managing manure (such as hauling manure off the farm) have implications for feedgrain producers and consumers as well. This report's farm-level analysis examines on-farm technical choice and producer costs across major U.S. production areas for hauling manure to the minimum amount of land needed to assimilate manure nutrients. A regional...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Manure management costs; Price and quantity adjustments; Water quality; Animal waste; Manure nutrients; Excess nutrients; Confined animals; CAFO; Manure nitrogen; Manure phosphorus; Manure use; Assimilative capacity; Nutrient management plan; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33911

NEW CONSERVATION INITIATIVES IN THE 2002 FARM BILL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johansson,   Robert C.; Claassen,   Roger; Peters,   Mark.
The role of agri-environmental programs has taken on increased importance in the current Farm Bill debate with an eighty percent increase in Title II funding.  However, little empirical evidence exists on the tradeoffs between economic costs and environmental benefits of new agri-environmental programs to assist policymakers in their designs.  This paper illustrates some of the budgetary and environmental issues inherent in these initiatives.  Several policy options are explored using an environmental simulation model and an economic spatial-equilibrium model for U.S. agriculture.  Results indicate abatement levels of nitrogen and pesticides are higher under performance-based policies and those for wind erosion and soil productivity are higher under...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19760

THE BIG PICTURE: PRODUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF REDUCED US OBESITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johansson,   Robert C.; Mancino,   Lisa; Cooper,   Joseph C.
This paper assesses how successfully reducing the incidence of overweight and obesity in the US to meet public health objectives might influence agricultural production. We also examine the consequent agri-environmental effects of the production changes. Our estimates show that a reduction in aggregate consumption by between 2 and 6 percent, associated with public health goals being met, would lead to reduced production of primary agricultural commodities, increased exports, and reduced discharge of agricultural pollutants.  In both cases, neither the estimated changes in commodity production nor the subsequent environmental impacts would be uniform across the landscape. Results indicate that in value terms, the largest changes (either positive or...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20373

MANAGING MANURE TO IMPROVE AIR AND WATER QUALITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aillery,   Marcel P.; Gollehon,   Noel R.; Johansson,   Robert C.; Kaplan,   Jonathan D.; Key,   Nigel D.; Ribaudo,   Marc.
Animal waste from confined animal feeding operations is a potential source of air and water quality degradation from evaporation of gases, runoff to surface water, and leaching to ground water. This report assesses the potential economic and environmental tradeoffs between water quality policies and air quality policies that require the animal agriculture sector to take potentially costly measures to abate pollution. A farm-level analysis of hog farms estimates the economic and environmental tradeoffs that occur when policies are designed to address pollutant flows to one environmental medium without considering flows to another medium. A national analysis addresses the broader impacts of coordinated (water and air) policies, including long-term structural...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Animal waste; Nitrogen; Ammonia; Water quality; Nutrient management plan; Manure management costs; Price and quantity adjustments; CAFO; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33593

MECHANISM DESIGN FOR NUTRIENT TRADING UNDER ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johansson,   Robert C.
The objective of this paper is to evaluate first- and second-best trading mechanisms for regulating point and nonpoint source phosphorus emissions. The trading mechanisms are differentiated on the degree to which regulators can observe abatement efforts.  The deadweight losses attributable to informational asymmetries and those of the second-best mechanisms will provide regulators the shadow value of foregoing first-best measures.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20558

Flexible Conservation Measures on Working Land: What Challenges Lie Ahead?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cattaneo,   Andrea; Claassen,   Roger; Johansson,   Robert C.; Weinberg,   Marca.
From 1985 to 2002, most Federal conservation dollars going to farm operators have been to retire land from crop production. Yet most U.S. farmland (850 million acres) remains in active production. The Farm Security and Rural Investment (FSRI) Act of 2002 sharply increased conservation funding and earmarked most of the increase for working-land payment programs (WLPPs). The design and implementation of WLPPs will largely determine the extent to which environmental goals are achieved and whether they are cost effective. We simulate potential environmental gains as well as adjustments in agricultural production, price, and income associated with various WLPP features to illustrate tradeoffs arising from WLPP design and implementation. Competitive bidding with...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7248