Consulta: creatorFacets:"Kraybill,   David S."
Registros recuperados: 18
Data/hora: 02/06/2024 15:51:30

Does Orphan Status Affect Primary School Attendance? An Analysis of Household Survey Data from Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Asiamah,   Selloane; Kraybill,   David S.; Thompson,   Stanley R.
The continent of Africa is currently experiencing two major interrelated social challenges, namely poverty and the HIV/AIDS epidemic. According to UNICEF, there are millions of AIDS-orphans in Africa, with over 80% of them being raised by extended families. However, relatively few studies have been undertaken to determine how these orphans fare in terms of access to education, healthcare and other social services. Literature shows that orphans face unique problems when it comes to school attendance, including possible intra-household discrimination. This paper examines the impact of various household characteristics on school enrollment in Uganda. Our results are based on the analysis of data from the Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) that was...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19489

Explaining Poverty in Uganda: Evidence from the Uganda National Household Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kraybill,   David S.; Bashaasha,   Bernard.
The broad aim of the research was to establish a tool for identifying cost effective poverty alleviation strategies in Uganda.  The objectives were to test hypotheses on causes of poverty in Uganda and to develop a poverty simulation model for policy analysis.  Data for 9,710 households from the 2002/2003 Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) was used to estimate a semi-log econometric model. The model included 19 households’ level characteristics and 8 community level characteristics as explanatory variables.  The dependent variable was the natural logarithm of household consumption per adult equivalent.  The model was estimated at both national and regional (5 regions) by weighted least squares with robust variance.  The results identified 8...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9537

Adaptation to Climate Change in a Rural Economy with Missing Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kraybill,   David S.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62188

Impact of Adoption of Improved Groundnut Varieties on Factor Demand and Productivity in Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diiro,   Gracious M.; Sam,   Abdoul G.; Kraybill,   David S.
The study analyzed the impact of adoption of improved groundnut varieties on farm inputs demand and productivity using instrumental variables approach. The data was collected from  a simple random sample of 161 groundnut farmers in Eastern Uganda. Econometric results show significant increase in expenditure on improved seed and labor among adopters relative to the non-adopters. Adoption of improved varieties significantly increased groundnuts yield, by about 1688kg per hectare. Thus, more effort is needed to increase farmers’ access to improved varieties. The Government and partners should facilitate the development of local seed multiplication systems to reduce the cost of improved seed..
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103848

EFFECTS OF LOCAL DEVELOPMENT PRESSURE ON LAND PRICES: A SPATIAL ECONOMIC APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jeanty,   Pierre Wilner; Kraybill,   David S.; Libby,   Lawrence W.; Sohngen,   Brent.
We conduct a study to examine the effects of local development pressure and other factors on the value of urban-fringe land parcels. Multiple regression spatial models were estimated using parcel- level data from Delaware County, Ohio. The empirical results provide evidence that such factors as man-made and natural features are relevant in determining property values. The econometric findings indicate that local development pressure contributes profoundly to an increase in current land prices. These results shed light on the magnitude of the effects of recently developed land and provide insights into policies to preserve farmland and the associated environmental benefits.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19767

Does Decentralized Welfare Reform Lead to a Race to the Bottom in Local Economic Development and Local Public Services?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baryeh,   Afia; Kraybill,   David S.
This paper tests the hypothesis that devolution of welfare programs leads to heightened intergovernmental competition and a “"race to the bottom"” in the provision of local public services.  Data from a national survey of county governments is used to estimate an econometric model of strategic interaction by county governments.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20512

Risk Belief, Producer Demand, and Valuation of Improved Irrigations: Results from Field Experiments in Mt. Kilimanjaro
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muamba,   Francis; Kraybill,   David S.
This paper systematically estimates the potential benefit of introducing improved irrigation schemes in Mt. Kilimanjaro to help rain dependent farmers cope with the risks of climate change. The study uses Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to elicit farmers’ Willingness to Pay (WTP) for eliminating the risks of crop loss by accessing improved irrigation schemes. Data for the analysis were gathered using a double bounded survey from over 200 randomly-sampled farmers in 15 villages. The study makes a contribution to the applied welfare literature and should also be useful for policymakers in Africa. The policy contribution consists of valuation of improved irrigation in the presence of climate change risks. The applied welfare contribution consists of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Willingness to Pay; Climate Change; Irrigation; Risk Belief; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Q12; Q18; Q25; Q51; Q56.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61653

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF COCA ERADICATION POLICY IN COLOMBIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moreno-Sanchez,   Rocio del Pilar; Kraybill,   David S.; Thompson,   Stanley R.
We estimate an econometric model of coca production in Colombia.  Our results indicate that coca eradication is an ineffective means of supply control as farmers compensate by cultivating the crop more extensively. The evidence further suggests that incentives to produce legal substitute crops may have greater supply-reducing potential than eradication.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Political Economy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19833

EMPLOYER SIZE, HUMAN CAPITAL, AND RURAL WAGES: IMPLICATIONS FOR SOUTHERN RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kraybill,   David S.; Yoder,   Michael J.; McNamara,   Kevin T.
A recent trend in rural development policy emphasizes small business development in place of industrial recruitment. To analyze some of the likely effects of expanding the proportion of small firms in local economies, an empirical wage rate model incorporating employer size was developed, and parameters were estimated using household date from rural Putnam County, Georgia. The estimates indicated that large employers offered higher wages than small employers and that the wage premium they offered was greater for blacks than for whites. These results support Thomas Till's argument that southern rural counties with relatively large black populations should not abandon efforts to attract large employers. Other factors associated with higher wages included...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30045

VALUE-ADDED ACTIVITIES AS A RURAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kraybill,   David S.; Johnson,   Thomas G.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30174

The Emerging Roles of County Governments in Rural America:  Findings from a Recent National Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kraybill,   David S.; Lobao,   Linda.
County governments are the fastest growing level of local government in the United States.  Based on a recent survey of counties in 45 states, this paper analyzes the size of county governments relative to other local governments, the scope of county government services, and fiscal stress faced by county governments.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Public Economics.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20697

SOCIAL NETWORKS, SOCIAL CAPITAL AND COMMUNITY ECONOMIC GROWTH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shideler,   David W.; Kraybill,   David S.
We assess empirically whether social capital affects economic growth in selected United States communities. Social network measures, computed from survey data, are used as proxies for social capital. These measures are used in a conditional convergence growth model to explain the variation of per capita income in the communities.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22174

Regression-Based Simulation of Anti- Poverty Policies in Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kraybill,   David S.; Bashaasha,   Bernard.
In this paper, we investigate factors affecting total household consumption and poverty in Uganda using household survey data.  Our analysis indicates that household wellbeing can be improved by expanding education at all levels (primary, secondary, and university), expanding formal employment, increasing the number of microenterprises, reducing the average household size, expanding the number of schools and health facilities so that distance to these facilities is reduced, and by providing electricity, marketing outlets, credit, and telephone service in more communities. To help policymakers assess the effects of particular policies on the national poverty rate, we developed a simulation model from our regression estimates.  The simulations translate the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Household survey; Policy simulation; Political Economy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19203

The potential gains from geographical targeting of anti-poverty programs in Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kraybill,   David S.; Bashaasha,   Bernard.
Governments do not have enough resources to make anti-poverty programs available to everyone in many African countries. Targeting the poorest populations could increase the efficiency of available program resources. Anti-poverty programs could target either households or geographical areas. This study compares the potential poverty reduction impact of these two approaches in Uganda. The impact of various policy changes on the poverty rate in Uganda is simulated using the estimated parameters of an econometric model of household consumption. The policies examined are family-planning, increased primary school attendance, increased secondary school attendance, expansion of formal employment and micro-enterprise expansion. The results reveal gains in poverty...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Geographical targeting; Household targeting; Policy simulation; Uganda; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57020

CONSEQUENCES OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION ON POVERTY AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION IN BRAZIL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bittencourt,   Maurício Vaz Lobo; Kraybill,   David S.; Larson,   Donald W.
This study evaluates the regional short run impacts of reduction in import tariffs in Brazil on poverty and distribution of income related to recent free trade area agreements. Results show that trade can reduce inter-regional income inequality, but poor urban households lose with trade liberalization. In order to compensate welfare losses for the poor, this study designs and evaluates a combination of trade and tax policies, which effectively contributes to improve welfare for poor urban households.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21128

Weather Vulnerability, Climate Change, and Food Security in Mt. Kilimanjaro
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muamba,   Francis; Kraybill,   David S.
This study estimates the impact of rainfall variation on livelihood in Mt. Kilimanjaro using the Ricardian approach to capture farmers’ adaptation strategies to cope with climate change risks. The data for the analysis were gathered from a random sample of over 200 households in 15 villages and precipitation from rainfall observation posts placed in each of the surveyed villages. The precipitation data provide information on the effect of moisture at critical months in the growing season. Due to prevalence of intercropping among local farmers, the present study develops a multivariate model that assumes endogeneity between crop yields.  Doing so allows the study to capture adaptation strategies that smallholders use by diversifying farm portfolio. The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Precipitation Variability; Food Security; Irrigation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Q1; Q5.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61655

Regional Short Run Effects of Trade Liberalization in Brazil
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bittencourt,   Maurício Vaz Lobo; Larson,   Donald W.; Kraybill,   David S.
This study evaluates the regional short run impacts of reduction in import tariffs in Brazil on poverty and distribution of income related to recent free trade area agreements. Results show that trade can reduce inter-regional income inequality, but poor urban households lose with trade liberalization.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19132

POVERTY OVER TIME AND LOCATION: AN EXAMINATION OF METRO-NONMETRO DIFFERENCES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ulimwengu,   John M.; Kraybill,   David S.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18908