Consulta: creatorFacets:"Lopez,   Ramon E."
Registros recuperados: 18
Data/hora: 09/06/2024 02:56:24

Poverty and Agricultural Growth: Chile in the 1990s
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Ramon E.; Anriquez,   Gustavo.
This paper analyzes the roles of agriculture in reducing poverty. Following the methodology proposed by Lopez (2002), three channels by which agricultural growth reduces poverty are tested: (i) its effects on the real wage of unskilled workers (and/or its possible effect in reducing their unemployment); (ii) the direct impact of agricultural growth on the income of poor farmers; and, (iii) the effect on real food prices. The paper concludes that the pro-poor role of agricultural expansion is dramatic. Agricultural growth tends to improve all measures of poverty significantly with head count falling around 7.3% as a consequence of a 4.5% increase in agricultural output. An important result is that while the economy-wide effects taking place via food prices...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural growth; Chile; Poverty; Rural development; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12013

Have Government Spending and Energy Tax Policies Contributed to make Europe Environmentally Cleaner?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Ramon E.; Palacios,   Amparo.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94795

SUSTAINABILITY WITH UNBALANCED GROWTH: THE ROLE OF STRUCTURAL CHANGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Ramon E.; Anriquez,   Gustavo; Gulati,   Sumeet.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15839

Pollution and the State: The Role of the Structure of Government
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Ramon E.; Galinato,   Gregmar I.; Islam,   Asif M.
Government spending has significant environmental implications. This paper analyzes the effect of the allocation of government spending between public goods broadly defined and private goods or non-social subsidies on air and water pollution. The theoretical model predicts that a reallocation of expenditures from private subsidies to public goods improves environmental quality by reducing production pollution. We estimate an empirical model that shows that such a reallocation causes a significant reduction in air pollutants namely sulfur dioxide and lead and an improvement in water quality measures including dissolved oxygen and biological oxygen demand.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48055

Exploiting Common Resources with Capital-Intensive Technologies: The Role of External Forces
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Engel,   Stefanie; Lopez,   Ramon E.
This paper focuses on the interactions between local communities having at least some degree of informal claims over natural resources and external agents, particularly firms interested in commercial resource exploitation. The paper makes three contributions to the existing literature. First, unlike the literature on devolution and communal resource management, rather than concentrating on intra-community decisions, we extend the analysis to examine interactions between the community and outside agents. Second, unlike both the literature on conflict and bargaining, we integrate these two strands of the literature, so that we can endogenously derive the conditions under which community-firm interactions result in conflict or, alternatively, in bargaining...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18720

Poverty and Income Distribution in Latin America: On the Complementarities Between Trade Policy and Social Public Spending
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Ramon E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; International Relations/Trade; Public Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94204

GROWTH, POVERTY AND ASSET ALLOCATION: THE ROLE OF THE STATE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Ramon E.
This paper studies the consequences of certain widespread policies for the quality and sustainability of growth. These policies cause economic inefficiency, environmental destruction and increased poverty. The paper develops a political economy model to show why the existence of such policies is not likely to be the fruit of errors or miscalculations by policy-makers. A key characteristic that distinguishes this analysis from other political economy analyses is that it allows for an essential asymmetry in the political lobby, with the wealthy having the ability to influence governments through bribes and political contributions while the poor are unable to do so. The key consequence of this is that the policy setting tends to perpetuate or even worsen an...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Political Economy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18724

World Economic Crises in Times of Environmental Scarcity and Wealth Concentration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Ramon E.
Three new structural factors underlie the latest great world crisis: (1) the incorporation of highly populated countries into the growth process; (2) The increasing scarcity of the environment and certain natural resources; (3) the dramatic concentration of wealth and income in the advanced economies over the last two decades. These structural changes have significantly tightened the links between world growth and commodity demand, made the world commodity supply increasingly inelastic, and rendered economic growth more dependent on lax monetary and financial policies, respectively. All this may make the world economy highly vulnerable to crises and may make the recovery from the current crisis more difficult.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56408

A GENERAL, DYNAMIC, SUPPLY-RESPONSE MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chambers,   Robert G.; Lopez,   Ramon E.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28921

FIGHTING RURAL POVERTY IN LATIN AMERICA: NEW EVIDENCE AND POLICY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valdes,   Alberto; Lopez,   Ramon E.
We synthesize recent case studies on rural poverty in six Latin American countries, plus two thematic studies. We find that the return to education in farming is surprisingly small; land redistribution increases total farm output, but has mixed effects on income; and urban economic growth significantly reduces rural poverty.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21581

"Sustainable" Economic Growth: The Ominous Potency of Structural Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Ramon E.
This paper explores the conditions for sustainable development through two models of economic growth that elucidates two extremes; an open economy with constant prices, and a closed economy with endogenous prices. Sustainable development is easier to achieve in the case of the former than the latter. A closed economy requires a high degree of flexibility of its consumers, with an elasticity of substitution of clean goods substantially above 1 in order to achieve sustainable development. Three mechanisms have to work in tandem: the technique, composition, and growth-limit effects. In contrast, the open economy requires no flexibility on the part of its consumers and may achieve sustainable development through only one mechanism – the composition effect. For...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46592

Trade and the Environment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Ramon E.; Islam,   Asif M.
Trade, the exchange of goods and services across countries, is often viewed as an engine of economic growth. Benefits of liberalized trade include access to a larger variety of goods and services to consumers, easier access to foreign technologies, access to larger markets for producers, and increased efficiency in resource allocation. The impact of trade on the environment, however, is a contentious issue; air and water pollution, the degradation of natural habitats and loss of species, and global pollutants, particularly carbon dioxide emissions, are major concerns.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45982

Fiscal Policies in Highly Unequal Societies: Implications for Agricultural Growth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Ramon E.
The paper discusses the economic effects of misallocation of public expenditures in favor of private goods rather than public goods. It first lays out certain key hypotheses regarding the consequences of the apparent public sector allocation inefficiency and the factors that explain this phenomenon. It then discusses existing empirical evidence that lends at least indirect support to these hypotheses. Finally, it presents new empirical evidence for the rural sector in Latin America which documents the extent of the misallocation of public expenditures, its consequences for agricultural growth and rural poverty, and the role of certain key politico-institutional factors in explaining the misallocation.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Public expenditure; Public goods; Agricultural growth; Subsidies; Social equity; International Development; H40; H41; H42; O13; Q15; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112595

APPLICATIONS OF DUALITY THEORY TO AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Ramon E.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32280

When Government Spending Serves the Elites: Consequences for Economic Growth in a Context of Market Imperfections
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Ramon E.; Islam,   Asif M.
Government spending should be regarded as a social and political phenomenon, not merely as a technical choice. We argue that there is an implicit contract between the organized elites and politicians which often leads to a pro-elite allocation of public resources. A natural and simple taxonomy of government spending follows from this view: spending in public goods broadly defined which mitigate market failures versus spending in non-social subsidies, mainly a vehicle to serve the elites. We theoretically and empirically show that pro-elite spending biases are costly in terms of economic growth. The empirical findings are exceptionally robust.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Government spending; Economic growth; Market imperfections; Investment; Subsidies; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Political Economy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45875

Bringing Growth Theory "Down to Earth"
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Ramon E.; Stocking,   Andrew.
Explicitly accounting for certain basic physical laws governing the “earth” sector dramatically enriches our ability to explain a high degree of diversity in observed patterns of economic growth. We provide a theoretical explanation of why some countries have been able to sustain a more or less constant and positive rate of economic growth for many decades while so many others have failed to do so. The analysis predicts that countries that have an over abundance of physical capital (a concept that is precisely defined in the text) may be unable to sustain a positive rate of economic growth over the long run. Too much physical capital may affect the dynamics of the economy ultimately leading to stagnation. The plausibility of the growth model introduced...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Endogenous growth theory; Unbalanced growth; Structural change; Stagnation; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Political Economy; E22; Q01; O41.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48944

Sustainable Economic Development: On the Coexistence of Resource-Dependent and Resource-Impacting Industries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Ramon E.
This paper studies the interactions between harvesters that depend on the renewable resource as a vital factor of production (i.e., fisheries) and industries that can have important impacts on the renewable resource but whose production does not depend on it (i.e., off-shore oil extraction) in the context of a growing economy. We examine these issues in the context of a closed economy focusing on how the co-existence between these two sectors affects the potential for sustainable development and how the well-being of the poor, i.e., the harvesters, is affected. We identify conditions under which existence and expansion of a resource-impacting sector may make sustainable development more likely. However, if these conditions are not met growth of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92390

The Great Financial Crisis, Commodity Prices and Environmental Limits
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Ramon E.
This paper examines how certain new structural factors have contributed to the latest great financial crisis and world recession of 2008-09. We focus on three of these structural factors: (i) the incorporation of highly populated countries into the growth process; (ii) The increasing scarcity of the environment and certain natural resources; (iii) the unprecedented concentration of wealth and income in the advanced economies over the last three decades. These structural changes have significantly tightened the links between world growth and commodity prices, have made the world commodity supply to become increasingly inelastic, and have made growth to become more dependent on lax monetary policies, respectively. All this may make the recovery from the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51987