Consulta: creatorFacets:"Mäder, P."
Registros recuperados: 34
Data/hora: 11/06/2024 15:22:43

Does organic agriculture reduce soil erodibility? The results of a long-term field study on loess in Switzerland
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Siegrist, S.; Schaub, D.; Pfiffner, L.; Mäder, P.
In a long-term field trial in northwestern Switzerland, the effects of organic and conventional land-use management on earthworm populations and on soil erodibility were investigated. A silt loam soil which had developed in deep deposits of alluvial loess characterised the study site. Three methods were applied to analyse soil erodibility, at three different periods between autumn 1992 and 1993: aggregate stability (measured in the laboratory by a high energy rainfall simulation and by percolation) and soil particle detachment (measured in the field by splash erosion). Earthworm biomass and density, as well as the population diversity, were significantly greater on the organic plots than on the conventional plots. Likewise, the aggregate stability of the...
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: Soil biology.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://orgprints.org/26776/1/Siegrist_et_al_1998_AEE.pdf

What can organic agriculture contribute to sustainable development? – Long-term comparisons of farming systems in the tropics
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Zundel, Ch.; Kilcher, L.; Mäder, P.
Despite the high demand for sound data on the agronomic, ecological and economic performance of organic agriculture in developing countries, systematic comparison of organic and conventional farming systems has not so far been carried out. The Research Institute of Organic Farming (FiBL), together with its partners, is presently establishing long-term comparisons of farming systems in various agro-ecological and agro-economic contexts to study the different parameters that are essential for sustainable development. To date, three study areas have been selected: (a) a sub-humid area in Kenya where farming is subsistence-oriented; (b) a semi-arid area in India where cotton is produced for the export market; and (c) a humid area in Bolivia where perennial...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Palavras-chave: Systems research and participatory research.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://orgprints.org/11574/4/zundel%2Detal%2D2008%2Dzuerich.pdf

Gesellschaftliche Leistungen der biologischen Landwirtschaft
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Niggli, U.; Schmid, O.; Stolze, M.; Sanders, J.; Schader, C.; Fließbach, A.; Mäder, P.; Klocke, P.; Wyss, G.; Balmer, O.; Pfiffner, L.; Wyss, E.
Zusammenfassuung:   In diesem Bericht werden die wissenschaftlichen Ergebnisse nationaler und internationaler Studien zu den gesellschaftlichen Leistungen des Biolandbaus zusammengefasst. Als Referenzen werden dabei sowohl die konventionelle wie auch die integrierte Landwirtschaft herangezogen.   Es ist den Autoren bewusst, dass alle Landwirtschaftsmethoden in der Schweiz und im Ausland eine grosse Streubreite aufweisen, da der Einfluss der regionalen sozioökonomischen Rahmenbedingungen, der Standortfaktoren, der Betriebsleiter und der unterschiedlichen staatlichen und privaten Regulierungen gross ist. Trotzdem ergeben sich für die verschiedenen Landwirtschaftsmethoden klare Unterschiede, die bei den agrarpolitischen Massnahmen berücksichtigt werden...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental aspects; Biodiversity and ecosystem services; Air and water emissions.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://orgprints.org/15397/2/niggli%2Detal%2D2009%2Dgesllschaftl%2Dleistungen.pdf

Techniques to improve technological and sanitary quality
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: David, C.; Celette, F.; Abecassis, J.; Carcea, M.; Dubois, D.; Friedel, J.K.; Hellou, G.; Jeuffroy, M.-H.; Mäder, P.; Thomsen, I. K.
Agronomical ways for better quality and safety  Choice of cultivar is an efficient way to obtain higher grain quality. Intercropping legumes (grain or forage) improves weed competition and N availability for wheat crop or succeeding crop. Green manure can be an effective alternative to farmyard manure. Fertilization with readily available nitrogen improves yield and quality when water is available. Reduced tillage affects soil fertility and wheat yield but has little effects on grain quality.    Technological ways for better quality and safety  Milling process strongly influences flour characteristics. Stone milling improves nutritive value; characteristics remain very stable independent of the milling yield. Flour characteristics from roller milling...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food quality and human health Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://orgprints.org/20851/1/AGTEC_general_leaflet__FVMarch12.pdf

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies – Organic Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Fließbach, A.; Mäder, P.; Dioup, A.; Hepperly, P.; Luttikholt, L.; Scialabba, N.; Niggli, U.
This psoter presents information on the following  - The concept of organic farming in the context of climate change  - Carbon sequestration on organic farms  - Consequences of an area-wide conversion to organic agriculture
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Palavras-chave: Soil quality; Air and water emissions.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://orgprints.org/15691/1/fliessbach-etal-2009-mitigation.pdf

Incorporation of Nitrogen-15-Labeled Amendments into Physically Separated Soil Organic Matter Fractions
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Bosshard, C.; Frossard, E.; Dubois, D.; Mäder, P.; Manolov, I.; Oberson, A.
Physically separated soil organic matter (SOM) fractions may take different functions in soil N dynamics. We studied the effect of long-term organic matter (OM) management and different soil biological activity on the incorporation of N added with organic and mineral amendments into aggregate fractions and size density fractions. We applied 15N-labeled sheep feces, urine, and mineral fertilizer to microplots installed in plots of conventional (CONMIN) and bio-organic (BIOORG) cropping systems. Soil sampled 112 d after amendment was separated into macro-, microaggregates, and microstructures. Aggregates were then fractionated into free light fraction (LF), intra-aggregate particulate organic matter (iPOM),and the mineral-associated organic matter fraction...
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: Soil.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://orgprints.org/26387/1/Bosshard_et_al_2008_SSSAJ_72_POM.pdf

Gestalt, Geruch und Geschmack von Weizen im DOK-Anbauvergleichsversuch
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Arncken, C.; Weibel, F.P.; Mäder, P.
This project was designed as an iterative process of describing quality profiles of “organic” and “high-quality” wheat and finding adequate, sensory-based methods to do so. Wheat growing in 1998-2000 at the DOK long-term field trial (FLIEßBACH et al. 2007, MÄDER et al. 2002) was repeatedly investigated. The ripening phase started earlier and lasted longer in treatment D2 (bio-dynamic) and was shortest in treatment K2 (conventional). Coded grain samples were examined in respect to treatment differ-ences in smell and taste. For D2 samples the author used the highest number of “sweetness” terms and the lowest number of other terms, whereas in M (conven-tional/mineral fertilizer only) grains, the highest numbers of “poorness” terms and the lowest of...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Palavras-chave: Breeding; Genetics and propagation.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://orgprints.org/9372/1/9372_Arncken_Vortrag.pdf

Tillage as a driver of change in weed communities: a functional perspective
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Armengot, L.; Blanco-Moreno, J.M.; Bàrberi, P.; Bocci, G.; Carlesi, S.; Aendekerk, R.; Berner, A.; Celette, F.; Grosse, M.; Huiting, H.; Kranzler, A.; Luik, A.; Mäder, P.; Peigné, J.; Stoll, E.; Delfosse, P.; Sukkel, W.; Surböck, A.; Westaway, S.; Sans, F.X.
The adoption of non-inversion tillage practices has been widely promoted due to their potential benefits in reducing energy consumption and greenhouse emissions as well as improving soil fertility. However, the lack of soil inversion usually increases weed infestations and changes the composition of the weed community. Weed management is still a main drawback for the wider adoption of reduced tillage practices. However, it is not entirely clear whether these changes in weed communities are a consequence of non random filters on the functional attributes of weed species and may thus affect the potential weed-crop competition relationship.  Here, we analyse the changes in weed diversity, community composition, and the functional attributes of weed...
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: Soil tillage; Soil.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://orgprints.org/29850/1/Armengot_etal_2016_Tillage-a-driver-of-weed-functional-traits.pdf

Effect of three farming systems (bio-dynamic, bio-organic, conventional) on yield and quality of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L. var. esculenta L.) in a seven year crop rotation
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Mäder, P.; Pfiffner, L.; Niggli, U.; Balzer, U.; Balzer, F.; Plochberger, A.; Velimirov, A.; Besson, J.-M.
In a long-term field trial in Therwil, Switzerland, the bio-dynamic, bio-organic and conventional farming systems were compared (DOC trial). The present paper focuses on long-term yield development and on product quality of beetroot. Due to the favourable climate and soil, beetroot yields were generally high. The yield of beetroot in both biological systems was about 75 % that of the conventional system, but the input of nitrogen and potassium was about 60 % lower.
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: Production systems; Farming Systems; Soil.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://orgprints.org/26786/1/M%C3%A4der_et_al_1993_AH.pdf

Biological soil quality as a factor of efficient resource utilization in organic farming systems
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Fliessbach, A.; Mäder, P.
In 1978 the DOK long-term field experiment was installed at Therwil close to Basel comparing the farming systems „bio-Dynamic“, „bio-Organic“ and „(K)conventional“. In the first years of the trial, crop yield and feasibility of organic farming were investigated. Soils were analysed with respect to long-term effects on fertility and were evaluated in the view of farming effects on the environment. Today the interrelation of diversity and efficiency and the quality of organic products is the research focus. Long-term trials like the DOK-trial offer unique opportunities for this kind of research.  The DOK-trial compares the three systems mentioned above on the basis of the same intensity of organic fertilization (i.e. the same number of animals per area), the...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Palavras-chave: Soil biology; Soil quality.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://orgprints.org/9094/1/FliessbachMaeder%2D2005%2DsoilQuality%2Dapplicationform.pdf

Pseudomonas protegens CHA0 does not increase phosphorus uptake from 33P labeled synthetic hydroxyapatite by wheat grown on calcareous soil
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Meyer, G.; Maurhofer, M.; Frossard, E.; Gamper, H. A.; Mäder, P.; Mészáros, É.; Schönholzer-Mauclaire, L.; Symanczik, S.; Oberson, A.
Soil microorganisms exuding organic acids have the potential to solubilize inorganic phosphorus (P), which could improve the P availability to plants growing on calcareous soil. The gluconic acid exuding bacteria Pseudomonas protegens CHA0 can solubilize P under glucose rich in vitro conditions, but evidence on the effectiveness in soil is lacking. This discrepancy in P solubilization between in vitro and in vivo is common for many P solubilizing bacteria. Possible causes for this discrepancy are rarely explored in soil using mechanism oriented approaches. Proposed reasons for limitation of bacterial P solubilization in soil are low persistence of the inoculant or low glucose availability in the plant rhizosphere. To test these two hypotheses we...
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds Nutrient turnover.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://orgprints.org/36362/1/Meyer-etal-2019-SoilBiolBiocehmistry-Vol131-p217-228.pdf

Techniques to improve technological and sanitary quality
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: David, C.; Celette, F.; Abecassis, J.; Carcea, M.; Dubois, D.; Friedel, J. K.; Hellou, G.; Jeuffroy, M.-H.; Mäder, P.; Thomsen, I. K.
The demand for high quality organic bread cereals is increasing. In spite of variable grain protein contents, baking quality of organic wheat was found to be acceptable to good. Mycotoxin (DON) contents were generally low on tested grain samples. Choice of the wheat cultivar is the most efficient way to obtain higher grain quality. Fertilization with readily available nitrogen and, to a lower extent, association with legumes and green manuring with mixtures containing fodder legumes can also improve grain quality. Reduced tillage affects soil quality and wheat yield but has little effects on grain quality.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://orgprints.org/20850/1/AGTEC_farmers_leaflet_v3March12.pdf

Mycorrhizal fungi as natural bio-fertilizers: How to produce and use
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Symanczik, S.; Bouamri, R.; Rachidi, F.; Mäder, P.
This technical handbook provides an easy to follow guide describing the process on how to produce home-made mycorrhizal inoculants using different types of propagation units and how inoculants can be applied as bio-fertilizers in the nursery and during field transplantation for improving the growth and stress tolerance of crop plants.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Composting and manuring Fruit and berries Crop health; Quality; Protection.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://orgprints.org/35308/1/symanczik-etal-2018-Mycorrhizal-fungi-as-natural-biofertilizer_technical_note.pdf

Economic profitability of organic vs. conventional cotton-based production systems in a long-term field trial in India
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Forster, D.; Andres, C.; Verma, R.; Zundel, C.; Messmer, M.; Mäder, P.
The debate on the relative benefits of conventional and organic farming systems is more topical than ever. The achievements of conventional high-input agriculture were largely brought about at the cost of deteriorating soil fertility; furthermore, they were based to a large extent on fossil fuels. Developing more sustainable farming practices on a large scale is of utmost importance.  However, information about the performance of agricultural production systems under organic and conventional management in tropical and subtropical regions is largely lacking. This study aimed to assess agronomic and economic data from a long-term farming systems comparison trial under semi-arid conditions in central India.
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Palavras-chave: Farming Systems; Crop husbandry; India; Environmental aspects.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://orgprints.org/24836/1/Andres-etal-2013-1stGlobalFoodSecurity-Conference.pdf

Boundaries between soil compartments formed by microporous hydrophobic membranes (GORE-TEX®) can be crossed by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi but not by ions in the soil solution
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Mäder, P.; Vierheilig, H.; Alt, M.; Wiemken, A.
Various container systems have been described in which soil regions available to hyphae only are separated from the mycorrhizal root region by 30–60 μm mesh screens to study nutrient exchange between plants and fungi in the mycorrhizal symbiosis. The screens designed up to now prevent penetration by roots but allow easy passage of fungal hyphae as well as diffusion or mass flow of water and nutrient solutions. We tested hydrophobic microporous polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) membranes (GORE-TEXR) with 5 to 15 μm diameter pores in an attempt to obtain a better seal between compartments and to prevent uncontrolled nutrient transport by diffusion or mass flow. We found that these membranes completely prevented diffusion or mass flow of ions between two soil...
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: Soil biology.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://orgprints.org/26785/1/Maeder_et_al_1993_PS.pdf

Studies on the attractional effect of root exudates on hyphal growth of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus in a soil compartment-membrane system
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Vierheilig, H.; Alt-Hug, M.; Engel-Streitwolf, R.; Mäder, P.; Wiemken, A.
The effects of tomato and bean rhizospheres on hyphal spreading of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus mosseae were studied using a soil compartment system in combination with hydrophobic polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) membranes. Both the nylon screen and the PTFE membrane were freely permeable to hyphae but not to roots. Furthermore, the hydrophobic PTFE membrane seemed to be a barrier to the flux of soil solutions containing root exudates. The results show that water soluble exudates of tomato and bean roots greatly stimulate hyphal growth in the soil compartment system used. Moreover, water soluble root exudates of bean exert a clear attractional effect on AM hyphal growth.
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: Soil biology.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://orgprints.org/26774/1/Vierheilig_et_al_1998_PS_1.pdf

Technological quality of organic wheat in Europe
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: David, C.; Celette, F.; Abecassis, J.; Carcea, M.; Dubois, D.; Friedel, J. K.; Hellou, G.; Jeuffroy, M.-H.; Mäder, P.; Thomsen, I. K.
The demand for high quality organic bread wheat is increasing. The quality level of organic wheat harvested in EU is mainly dependant on variety, environmental conditions and agronomic practices. In some countries, protein content and composition, influencing technological value, are equivalent to those produced under conventional practices. Beside agronomical techniques, technological processes can help to maintain a good quality. Pre-treatments before milling such as debranning were found to be efficient in reducing DON contamination. The project highlighted the necessity to redefine the methods to assess the quality of organic wheat.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food quality and human health Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://orgprints.org/20852/1/AGTEC_technological_leaflet_April_12FV.pdf

PathOrganic – Risks and Recommendations Regarding Human  Pathogens in Organic Vegetable Production Chains
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Arthurson, V.; Baggesen, D.; Brankatschk, K.; Dalsgaard, A.; Duffy, B.; Fenzl, C.; Friedel, J.K.; Hackl, E.; Hartmann, A.; Hedin, F.; Hofmann, A.; Jäderlund, L.; Jansson, J.; Jensen, A.N.; Koller, M.; Mäder, P.; Rinnofner, T.; Schmid, M.; Storm, C.; van Bruggen, A.H.C.; Widmer, F.; Wyss, G.S.; Zijlstra, C.A.; Sessitsch, A.
PathOrganic assesses risks associated with the consumption of fresh and minimally  processed vegetables due to the prevalence of bacterial human pathogens in plant  produce. The project evaluates whether organic production poses a risk on food safety,  taking into consideration sources of pathogen transmission (e.g. animal manure).  The project also explores whether organic versus conventional production practices  may reduce the risk of pathogen manifestation. In Europe, vegetable-linked outbreaks  are not well investigated. A conceptual model together with novel sampling strategies  and specifically adjusted methods provides the basis for large-scale surveys of organically  grown plant produce in five European countries. Critical control points are...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Palavras-chave: "Organics" in general; Vegetables.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://orgprints.org/14310/1/Arthurson_14310.pdf

Nitrogen use efficiency of 15N-labelled sheep manure and mineral fertiliser applied to microplots in long-term organic and conventional cropping systems
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Bosshard, C.; Sørensen, P.; Frossard, E.; Mayer, J.; Mäder, P.; Nanzer, S.; Oberson, A.
Nitrogen (N) utilisation by crops has to be improved to minimize losses to the environment. We investigated N use efficiency of animal manure and mineral fertiliser and fate of fertiliser N not taken up by crops in a conventional (CONMIN) and a bioorganic (BIOORG) cropping system of a long-term field experiment over three vegetation periods (winter wheat–soybean–maize). Microplots planted with wheat received a single application of 15N-labelled slurries (either urine or faeces labelled) or mineral fertiliser. At the end of each vegetation period we tested whether higher microbial activity and larger microbial biomass in BIOORG than CONMIN soils, and lower long-term N input level in BIOORG, affected use efficiency and fate of fertiliser N not taken up by...
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: Soil.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://orgprints.org/26369/1/Bosshard_etal_2009_NCA83.pdf

Phosphorus budget and phosphorus availability in soils under organic and conventional farming
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Oehl, F.; Oberson, A.; Tagmann, H.U.; Besson, J.M.; Dubois, D.; Mäder, P.; Roth, H.-R.; Frossard, E.
The aim of this work was to assess to which extent organic farming practices would affect the accumulation of total and available phosphorus (P) in a cropped soil in comparison to conventional practices. In order to achieve this, soil samples were taken from a long-term field trial comparing a non-fertilised control (NON), two conventionally cultivated treatments (MIN, CON), and two organically cultivated treatments (ORG, DYN). Soil samples were taken from each treatment at two depths (0-20 and 30-50 cm) before starting the field trial (1977) and at the end of every three crop rotations (1984, 1991 and 1998). They were then analysed for total P (Pt ), total inorganic P (Pi ), total organic P (Po) and isotopically exchangeable Pi . After 21 years, the...
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: Soil.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://orgprints.org/26761/1/Oehl_et_al_2002_NCA.pdf

Nutritional quality of organic and conventional wheat
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Langenkämper, G.; Zörb, C.; Seifert, M.; Mäder, P.; Fretzdorff, B.; Betsche, T.
The popularity of organic food and the farming area managed according to organic agriculture practices have been increasing during the last years. It is not clear, whether foods from organic and conventional agriculture are equal with respect to nutritional quality. We chose wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Titlis) as one of the most important crop plants to determine a range of substances relevant for human nutrition in crops from organic and conventional agriculture systems. Wheat grains of 2003 originating from a long term field experiment, the Swiss DOK trial, consisting of bio-dynamic, bio-organic and conventional farming systems were used. Thousand seed weight, protein content, phosphate levels, antioxidative capacity, levels of phenols, fibre,...
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food quality and human health Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://orgprints.org/13463/1/langenkaemper-etal-2006-Jnl._of_Appl.Bot.Food_Quality_80_150-154.pdf

Wheat yield and quality as influenced by reduced tillage in organic farming
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Peigné, J.; Messmer, M.; Aveline, A.; Berner, A.; Mäder, P.; Carcea, M.; Narducci, V.; Samson, M.-F.; Thomsen, I.K.; Celette, F.; David, C.
Organic farmers are interested in soil conservation by reduced tillage, techniques well known in conventional agriculture to protect soil quality and limit labor time and energy costs. However, organic farming and reduced tillage can modify weeds, soil structure, and thus soil nitrogen (N) mineralization which strongly influences wheat yield and quality. The main objectives of this study were to analyze how reduced tillage applied to organic wheat influenced (1) grain yield, protein concentration, and weed infestation; (2) deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination on grain; (3) technological quality parameters such as dry gluten, zeleny index, falling number, and gluten index; (4) protein composition (F1, F2, F3, F4, and F5 fractions, and UPP, gliadin/glutenin...
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds Soil tillage.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://orgprints.org/26366/1/Peign%C3%A9_etal_2013_OA.pdf

TILMAN-ORG
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Mäder, P.
Reduced tillage and green manures for sustainable organic cropping systems
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Palavras-chave: Composting and manuring; Soil tillage; Soil.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://orgprints.org/20082/1/COII_TILMAN-ORG_Paul_Maeder.pdf

Improving rice yield and quality through inoculation with mycorrhiza and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in India
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Srivastava, R.; Berset, E.; Mäder, P.; Fried, P.M.; Sharma, A.K.
Microorganisms were integrated as bio-fertilizers in a wheat-rice trial in India. Four-year results show that Rice grain yield was 30% higher, compared to control plots, after application of an inoculum containing mycorrhiza and rhizo-bacteria. Substantial increase of grain Quality was achieved.
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Palavras-chave: Soil; India.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://orgprints.org/26055/1/ISRR_Abstract%20short_SS3.24.pdf

Spreading of Glomus mosseae, a vesicular-arbuscular micorrhizal fungus, across the rhizosphere of host and non-host plants
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Vierheilig, H.; Alt, M.; Mäder, P.; Boller, T.; Wiemken, A.
No Abstract in this publication.
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: Soil biology.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://orgprints.org/26780/1/Vierheilig_et_al_1995_SBB.pdf

Langzeit-Systemvergleiche in Kenia und Indien: Konventionelle und biologische Erträge aus dem ersten Umstellungsjahr
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Zundel, C.; Musyoka, M.; Baruah, R.; Kilcher, L.; Muriuki, A.; Vanlauwe, B.; Chabi-Olaye, A.; Mucheru, M.; Mäder, P.
Organic agriculture is more and more perceived as a promising approach to increase food security in developing countries. However, only few attempts have been made so far to assess agronomic and economic performance of organic agriculture in these^regions in a systematic way. This article reports the first year’s results of two long-term  farming systems comparison field trials in Kenya and India. In sub-humid Central Kenya, on a high potential site in Meru South District (Chuka), there were no differences between yields of conventional and organic systems for the first maize and brassica crops. In contrast, organic yields were 14 to 60% lower than conventional yields on a trial site in a medium potential zone in Maragua District (Thika). It is assumed...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food quality and human health Biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://orgprints.org/14308/1/Zundel_14308.pdf

Transport of 15N from a soil compartment separated by a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane to plant roots via the hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Mäder, P.; Vierheilig, H.; Streitwolf-Engel, R.; Boller, T.; Freyer, B.; Christie, P.; Wiemken, A.
We studied the transport of "&amp;N from a soil compartment separated from a plant root compartment by a hydrophobic polytetrafuoroethylene (PTFE) membrane to plants in the presence and absence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). We have previously shown that this type of membrane efficiently inhibits mass fow and diffusion of mobile ions in the soil solution in an abiotic system, but can be penetrated by the hyphae of mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizal tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) colonized by Glomus mosseae were grown at two N fertilizer concentrations in a root compartment. A PTFE membrane was placed between the root compartment and an adjoining soil compartment that was inaccessible to the roots but accessible to the AMF hyphae (hyphal...
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: Soil biology.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://orgprints.org/26770/1/Maeder_et_al_2000_NP.pdf

Nitrogen fixation and transfer in grassclover leys under organic and conventional cropping systems
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Oberson, A.; Frossard, E.; Bühlmann, C.; Mayer, J.; Mäder, P.; Lüscher, A.
Background and aim  Symbiotic dinitrogen (N2) fixation is the most important external N source in organic systems. Our objective was to compare symbiotic N2 fixation of clover grown in organically and conventionally cropped grass-clover leys, while taking into account nutrient supply gradients.  Methods  We studied leys of a 30-year-old field experiment over 2 years in order to compare organic and conventional systems at two fertilization levels. Using 15N natural abundance methods, we determined the proportion of N derived from the atmosphere (PNdfa), the amount of Ndfa (ANdfa), and the transfer of clover N to grasses for both red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.).   Results  In all treatments and both years, PNdfa was...
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: Nutrient turnover; Crop husbandry.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://orgprints.org/23228/1/Oberson-etal-2013-PlantansSoil-onlinefirst.pdf

Wheat quality in organic and conventional farming: results of a 21 year field experiment
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Mäder, P.; Hahn, D.; Dubois, D.; Gunst, L.; Alföldi, T.; Bergmann, H.; Oehme, M.; Amadô, R.; Schneider, H.; Graf, U.; Velimirov, A.; Fließbach, A.; Niggli, U.
Consumers have become more aware of healthy and safe food produced with low environmental impact. Organic agriculture is of particular interest in this respect, as manifested by 5.768 million hectares managed pursuant to Council Regulation (EEC) 2092/91 in Europe. However, there can be a considerable risk that the avoidance of chemical inputs in organic farming will result in poor food quality. Here the results of a study on the quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in a 21 year agrosystem comparison between organic and conventional farming in central Europe are reported. Wheat was grown in a ley (grass/clover) rotation. The 71% lower addition of plant-available nitrogen and the reduced input of other means of production to the organic field plots...
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: "Organics" in general Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://orgprints.org/13316/1/Maeder_etal_2007_J_Sci_Food_Agr.pdf

Tillage effects on weed communities in an organic winter wheat-sunflower-spelt cropping sequence
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Sans, F. X.; Berner, A.; Armengot, L.; Mäder, P.
Conservation tillage could provide environmental benefits to organic farming. However, potential weed problems often tend to discourage farmers from adopting it. The effects of tillage (reduced vs. conventional), fertilisation (slurry vs. manure compost) and the application of biodynamic preparations (with and without) on crop yield and on weed cover, diversity and biological attributes were investigated in a cropping sequence of wheat, sunflower and spelt. Total weed cover and perennial cover in reduced tillage treatments were two to three times greater than in conventional treatments. Monocotyledon cover in reduced tillage was three times that in conventional tillage in spelt, whereas the dicotyledon Stellaria media dominated in sunflower. Weed diversity...
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: Soil quality; Weed management.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://orgprints.org/18922/1/8d_E_Sans__etal_2011_WeedResearch.pdf

Genetic variation for nutrient use efficiency in maize under different tillage and fertilization regimes with special emphasis to plant microbe interaction
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Messmer, M.; Berner, A.; Krauss, M.; Jansa, J.; Presterl, Th.; Schmidt, W.; Mäder, P.
Conservation tillage (no-till and reduced tillage) brings many benefits with respect to soil fertility and energy use, but it also has drawbacks regarding the need for synthetic fertilizers and herbicides. To promote conversation tillage in organic farming systems, crop rotation, fertilization and weed control have to be optimized. In addition, crop varieties are needed with improved nutrient use efficiency (NUE) and high weed competitiveness or tolerance.
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Palavras-chave: Soil quality; Soil tillage; Weed management.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://orgprints.org/18931/1/Messmer-etal-2011-NUE-AMF-Eucarpia-printed.pdf

Water soluble phosphate fertilizers for crops grown in calcareous soils - an outdated paradigm for recycled phosphorus fertilizers
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Meyer, G.; Frossard, E.; Mäder, P.; Nanzer, S.; Randall, D.G.; Udert, K.M.; Oberson, A.
Background and aims  The current paradigm for phosphorus (P) fertilizers applied to calcareous soil is that almost entirely water soluble P fertilizers are efficient and sparingly soluble P fertilizers are not efficient P sources for crops. We hypothesize that this paradigm does not apply to recycled P fertilizers and that other P pools can explain the plant use of recycled P fertilizers on calcareous soil.  Methods  We applied 33P isotopic dilution method to evaluate recycled P fertilizers based on plant P uptake from fertilizer relative to plant uptake from a water soluble P reference fertilizer. The predictability of fertilizer effectiveness based on sequentially extracted P forms and X-ray diffraction pattern of recycled fertilizers derived from sewage...
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: Composting and manuring; Nutrient turnover.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://orgprints.org/32919/1/Meyer2018-Water%20soluble%20phosphate%20fertilizers%20for%20crops%20grown%20in%20calcareous%20soils%20%E2%80%93%20an%20outdated%20paradigm%20for%20recycled%20phosphorus%20fertilizers.pdf

Agronomical techniques to improve technological and sanitary quality
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: David, C.; Celette, F.; Abecassis, J.; Carcea, M.; Dubois, D.; Friedel, J.K.; Hellou, G.; Jeuffroy, M.H.; Mäder, P.; Thomsen, I.K.
In spite of variable grain protein contents, baking quality of organic wheat was found to be acceptable to good. Mycotoxin (DON) infestation was generally low on tested grain samples. Choice of wheat cultivar was the most efficient way to obtain higher grain quality. Fertilization with readily available nitrogen and, to a lower extent, association with legumes and green manures with mixtures containing fodder legumes also improved grain quality. Reduced tillage affected soil quality and wheat yield but had little effects on grain quality.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food quality and human health Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://orgprints.org/21100/1/AGTEC_farmers_leaflet_Final_VJune12.pdf

Symbiotic N2 fixation by soybean in organic and conventional cropping systems estimated by 15N dilution and 15N natural abundance
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Oberson, A.; Nanzer, S.; Bosshard, C.; Dubois, D.; Mäder, P.; Frossard, E.
Nitrogen (N) is often the most limiting nutrient in organic cropping systems. N2 fixing crops present an important option to improve N supply and to maintain soil fertility. In a field experiment, we investigated whether the lower N fertilization level and higher soil microbial activity in organic than conventional systems affected symbiotic N2 fixation by soybean (Glycine max, var. Maple Arrow) growing in 2004 in plots that were since 1978 under the following systems: bio-dynamic (DYN); bio-organic (ORG); conventional with organic and mineral fertilizers (CON); CON with exclusively mineral fertilizers (MIN); non-fertilized control (NON). We estimated the percentage of legume N derived from the atmosphere (%Ndfa) by the natural abundance (NA) method. For...
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: Nutrient turnover Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://orgprints.org/13460/1/oberson-etal-2007-plant-and-soil_290_69-83.pdf