Consulta: creatorFacets:"Swinton,   Scott M."
Registros recuperados: 65
Data/hora: 10/06/2024 08:24:57

Combining Supply and Demand Estimates for Ecosystem Services from Cropland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ma,   Shan; Swinton,   Scott M.; Lupi,   Frank.
Payment-for-Ecosystem-Services (PES) programs are gaining appeal as flexible approaches to inducing the voluntary provision of ecosystem services (ES). Farmers, who manage agricultural ecosystems, provide important nonmarket ecosystem services to the public by their choice of production inputs and management practices. Although there exist various PES programs in the United States and Europe, we are aware of none that was designed based on a comprehensive understanding of the underlying supply and demand of ecosystem services. Taking advantage of unique, coupled datasets of stated preferences, this paper combines a supply-side cost function of farmers’ willingness to adopt practices that provide increased ES with a demand-side social benefit function of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Payment-for-Ecosystem-Services (PES); Contingent valuation; Aggregate supply and demand; Cropland; Eutrophication; Greenhouse gas; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q11; Q51; Q57; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103501

Switching to Perennial Energy Crops under Uncertainty and Costly Reversibility
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Song,   Feng; Zhao,   Jinhua; Swinton,   Scott M.
We study a farmer’s decision to convert traditional crop land into growing dedicated energy crops, taking in account sunk conversion costs, uncertainties in traditional and energy crop returns, and learning. The optimal decision rules differ significantly from the expected net present value rule, which ignores learning, and from real option models that allow only one way conversions into energy crops. These models also predict drastically different patterns of land conversions into and out of energy crops over time. Using corn-soybean rotations and switchgrass as examples, we show that the model predictions are sensitive to assumptions about stochastic processes of the returns. Government policies might have unintended consequences: subsidizing conversion...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Real options; Irreversibility; Sunk costs; Land conversion; Biofuel; Cellulosic biomass; Dynamic modeling; Stochastic process; Biofuel policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Q42; Q24.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56195

Alternative Land Use Policies: Real Options with Costly Reversibility
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Song,   Feng; Zhao,   Jinhua; Swinton,   Scott M.
This paper adopts a real options framework to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of four types of subsidies that aim to encourage a socially desirable land use under return uncertainties and costly reversibility of land use change.  We first present a land conversion model to show how the subsidies that are expected net present value (ENPV) equivalent can change a representative farmer’s optimal land conversion rules differently for converting land into an alternative use as well as converting out of it. This is because these subsidies affect the land conversion costs, land return level and uncertainty differently. Then in the context of encouraging energy crop production, we compare the probabilities of inducing the representative farmer to convert land from...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Monte Carlo simulations; Real options; Agricultural subsidies; Cost-effectiveness; Two-way land conversion; Agricultural and Food Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q24; Q48.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61510

INVESTMENT ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE FRUIT TREE SPRAYERS IN MICHIGAN ORCHARDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.; Asuming-Brempong,   Samuel; van Ee,   Gary R.
Changing orchard sprayer technology and rising pesticide costs to fruit growers raise the need to analyze the profitability of alternative sprayer investments.  This study analyzes investments in four orchard sprayers for use in Michigan apple production: an air blast sprayer, a tower boom sprayer, a tower boom sprayer equipped with electronic sensors that activate spray nozzles when foliage is detected, and an air curtain sprayer that targets spray with a layer of forced air.  Assuming equal pest control efficacy, the study calculates the annualized net present cost per acre of owning and operating each sprayer for ten years using a baseline discount rate of 10 percent over 200 acres of semi-dwarf apple trees.   The analysis found the annualized net...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11492

FROM DATA TO INFORMATION: THE VALUE OF SAMPLING VS. SENSING SOIL DATA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.; Jones,   Kezelee Q.
A conceptual model is developed to measure the value of information from in-field soil sensing technologies as compared with grid and other soil sampling methods. Soil sensing offers greater spatial accuracy and the potential to apply inputs such as nitrogen fertilizer immediately, avoiding changes in nutrient status that occur with delays between soil sampling and fertilizer application. By contrast, soil sampling offers greater measurement accuracy, because it does not rely on proxy variables such as electrical conductivity to infer nutrient status.  The average profitability and relative riskiness of soil sensing versus sampling depend upon 1) the trade-off between, on the one hand, the spatial and temporal accuracy of sensing and, on the other hand,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11674

Market Interactions, Farmer Choices, and the Sustainability of Growing Advanced Biofuels
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jiang,   Yong; Swinton,   Scott M.
Advanced biofuels such as cellulosic ethanol are of great interest for their potential to supply a significant portion of U.S. fuel needs plus advantages over corn grain-based ethanol.  The sustainability of agriculture-based advanced biofuels depends on how farmers would respond in providing biomass feedstock, yet economic behavior by farmers has been under recognized by the science community.  Focusing on markets and policy incentives, this research shows that farmers are unlikely to convert current grain cropland to grow a dedicated cellulosic biomass crop such as switchgrass.  However, the financial incentives to harvest cellulosic biomass provided by the 2008 farm bill may stimulate corn production due to demand for corn grain for feed and ethanol and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biomass; Energy; Advanced biofuels; Corn; Land use; Switchgrass; Cellulosic ethanol; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q42; Q12.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43634

MORE SOCIAL CAPITAL, LESS EROSION: EVIDENCE FROM PERU'S ALTIPLANO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.
The debate over sustainable intensification has hinged on private incentives to abate land degradation.  Largely missing is the role of social capital in both creating incentives and removing barriers to soil conservation.  Yet soil conservation embodies the externality problem that bedevils so many aspects of natural resource management.  Action by one farmer to reduce water or wind erosion may benefit neighboring fields by slowing the rate of water or wind movement across those lands.  Yet these benefits are not fully captured by the farmer making the conservation investment.  However, when economic agents care for one another, these externalities can be internalized, reducing the individual’'s disincentive to perform a socially level of natural resource...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21853

Biomass Supply from Alternative Cellulosic Crops and Crop Residues: A Spatial Bioeconomic Modeling Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Egbendewe-Mondzozo,   Aklesso; Swinton,   Scott M.; Izaurralde,   R. Cesar; Manowitz,   David H.; Zhang,   Xuesong.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103435

RECONCILING FOOD-FOR-WORK OBJECTIVES: RESOURCE CONSERVATION VS. FOOD AID TARGETING IN TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gebremedhin,   Berhanu; Swinton,   Scott M.
Food-for-work (FFW) projects face the challenge of addressing three kinds of objectives: to feed hungry people, to build public works where needed, and to be feasible for prompt project implementation.  In the debate over how to target FFW to the poorest of the poor, the last two program objectives are often overlooked.  This research examines FFW afforestation and erosion-control programs in central Tigray, Ethiopia, during 1992-95 in order to examine how these sometimes conflicting objectives were reconciled. The study decomposes the factors determining a household's FFW participation into three decision stages.  First, at the regional level, project planners choose where to locate a FFW resource conservation project.  Second, at the village level, a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11708

POVERTY AND THE DETERIORATION OF NATURAL SOIL CAPITAL IN THE PERUVIAN ALTIPLANO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.; Quiroz,   Roberto.
The most severe challenges to sustainable development occur where many poor people struggle to eke out a living from marginal lands.  In some cases, high human populations on fragile lands have led agricultural productivity to deteriorate (García-Barrios and García-Barrios, 1990, Mink, 1993, Zimmerer, 1993), but likewise intensification in some locales has led to sustainable productivity increases (Boserup, 1965, Tiffen, et al., 1994).  These mixed results beg closer inquiry, in order to understand how contrary outcomes can come about.  For the context of Peru's chilly high plain surrounding Lake Titicaca, this paper examines changes in the stock of natural capital in agricultural soils, how that came about, and what policy tools might contribute to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11693

THE PROFITABILITY OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE ON A REPRESENTATIVE GRAIN FARM IN THE MID-ATLANTIC REGION, 1981-89: COMMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roberts,   Wayne S.; Swinton,   Scott M.
A long term whole farm analysis comparing conventional and low-input farming systems is reviewed.  A computational error led to the mistaken conclusion that conventional farming with government programs is less preferred by risk-averse farmers than the low input alternative.  The greater income variance of conventional agriculture need not make it less preferred provided a higher mean income sufficiently offsets the higher variance.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31466

PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF SOYBEAN APHID CONTROL TREATMENTS IN THREE NORTH-CENTRAL STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Song,   Feng; Swinton,   Scott M.; DiFonzo,   Christina; O'Neal,   Matthew; Ragsdale,   David W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11489

SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF PRIVATE AND COMMUNAL LANDS IN NORTHERN ETHIOPIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gebremedhin,   Berhanu; Swinton,   Scott M.
Land degradation in sub-Saharan Africa reduces the land's potential productivity through soil erosion, nutrient depletion, soil moisture stress, deforestation and overgrazing.  Efforts to reverse land degradation require an understanding of why it takes place and what factors govern farmers' willingness to invest in land conservation. These factors differ importantly between private and public lands.  This study synthesizes results from analyses of the technological and institutional factors determining the adoption of natural resource conservation at both the household and the community levels in the northern Ethiopian region of Tigray.  Using 1995-96 data from 250 Tigray farm household interviews, it first examines private land management, focusing on 1)...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11680

ARE POOR FARMERS TO BLAME FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION? RESULTS FROM THE PERUVIAN ALTIPLANO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.; Quiroz,   Roberto.
Links between poverty and natural resource degradation are examined in the context of soil erosion, fertility loss and overgrazing in the Peruvian Altiplano.  Multiple regression analysis of 1999 farm survey data examines 1) what agricultural practices affect natural resource degradation, and then 2) what factors affect farmers' choices of those agricultural practices.  Soil erosion and fertility loss appear reduced by increased fallow in crop rotations.  Overgrazing and range species loss are affected by changes in herd size and rotational grazing.  The effect of investment poverty on natural resource outcomes is not clear.  However, social and human capital variables both tend to favor the choice of more sustainable agricultural practices.  Natural...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11627

INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS FOR AGRICULTURAL ECONOMISTS USING SPSS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.; Labarta,   Ricardo A.
This document is a primer in statistics for applied economists using the SPSS statistical software. It is intended for use with a one-week training workshop designed to acquaint research professionals with basic statistical procedures for analyzing socio-economic survey data. The document introduces users to database creation and manipulation, exploratory univariate and bivariate statistics, hypothesis testing, and linear and logit regression. The text is supported with 19 text boxes that illustrate how procedures can be applied to a farm survey dataset.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11747

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION CONTRACTS TO REDUCE NITRATE LEACHING: A WHOLE-FARM ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chu,   Mei-Chin; Swinton,   Scott M.; Batie,   Sandra S.; Dobbins,   Craig L.
Ten alternative seed corn contract specifications are evaluated with respect to nitrate leaching and profitability for the processor firm (principal) and contracted grower (agent). A whole-farm optimization and feasibility analysis suggest that contract terms can be used to reduce non-point source pollution.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11806

Pest Control in the Presence of Pest Suppression by Natural Enemies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Wei; Swinton,   Scott M.
The control of pests by their natural enemies represents an important ecosystem service that maintains the stability of agroecosystems and has the potential to mitigate pest control costs both to private producers and to society. Extending the “"economic threshold”" concept, this paper proposes an "“ecological economic threshold”" for pesticide use that takes into account the implicit cost of injury to natural enemies.  By explicitly accounting for natural pest suppression, the ecological economic threshold can potentially make pest management more cost-effective while reducing dependence on toxic insecticides. The threshold is illustrated via an intra-seasonal dynamic bioeconomic model of soybean aphid management in Michigan, USA.  A dynamic programming...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21295

MODELING OF AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.; Black,   J. Roy.
The authors present an overview of agricultural systems models.  Beginning with why systems are modeled and for what purposes, the paper examines types of agricultural systems and associated model types.  The broad categories range from pictorial (iconic) models to descriptive analogue models to symbolic (usually mathematical) models.  The uses of optimization versus non-optimizing mechanistic models are reviewed, as are the scale and aggregation challenges associated with scaling up from the plant cell to the landscape or from a farm enterprise to a world market supply-demand equilibrium          Recent modeling developments include the integration of formerly stand-alone biophysical simulation models, increasingly with a unifying spatial database and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11581

The Effect of Developed-Country Pesticide Standards on Health and Pesticide-Induced Morbidity of Kenya's Green Bean Family Farmers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Okello,   Julius Juma; Swinton,   Scott M.
This paper examines the effects of compliance with developed country pesticide standards (DC-PS) on pesticide-related health costs and morbidity of developing country fresh vegetable growers. DC-PS require that farmers i) only use approved pesticides (usually less toxic to humans than ones used before), ii) apply pesticides only when pest scouting reveals the need to do so, and iii) handle, use, store and dispose off pesticides in ways that do not pose health threats to farm workers and farm family members. This paper uses survey regression to estimate a model of health costs of pesticide exposure (based on cost of illness approach) and survey poisson regression to estimate a model for use of protective devices. It finds that compliance with DC-PS reduces...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25508

Biomass Supply from Alternative Cellulosic Crops and Crop Residues: A Preliminary Spatial Bioeconomic Modeling Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Egbendewe-Mondzozo,   Aklesso; Swinton,   Scott M.; Izaurralde,   R. Cesar; Manowitz,   David H.; Zhang,   Xuesong.
This paper introduces a spatial bioeconomic model for study of potential cellulosic biomass supply at regional scale. By modeling the profitability of alternative crop production practices, it captures the opportunity cost of replacing current crops by cellulosic biomass crops. The model draws upon biophysical crop input-output coefficients, price and cost data, and spatial transportation costs in the context of profit maximization theory. Yields are simulated using temperature, precipitation and soil quality data with various commercial crops and potential new cellulosic biomass crops. Three types of alternative crop management scenarios are simulated by varying crop rotation, fertilization and tillage. The cost of transporting biomass to a specific...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biomass production; Bioenergy supply; Biofuel policy; Bioenergy; Cellulosic ethanol; Agro-ecosystem economics; Ecosystem services economics; Agro-environmental trade-off analysis; Mathematical programming; EPIC; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q16; Q15; Q57; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98277

Returns to Integrated Pest Management Research and Outreach for Soybean Aphid
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Song,   Feng; Swinton,   Scott M.
Soybean aphid is a major invasive pest that has caused major yield loss and increased insecticide use in the United States since its discovery in 2000. Using the economic surplus approach, we estimate the economic benefits of U.S. research and outreach for integrated pest management (IPM) of soybean aphid. We calculate ex ante net benefits from adoption of an IPM action threshold (AT). The AT triggers insecticide application only if the value of predicted yield damage from pest scouting is expected to exceed the cost of pest control. Our research finds that gradual adoption of AT-based IPM over the 15 years since soybean aphid IPM research began in 2003 generates a projected economic net benefit of $1.3 billion, for an internal rate of return of 140%....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6117

Compliance with International Food Safety Standards in Kenya's Green Bean Industry: A Paired Case Study of Small and Large Family Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Okello,   Julius Juma; Swinton,   Scott M.
This study uses two farm case studies to explore how Kenyan green bean farmers are meeting European food safety standards. For green bean farmers, the standards increase the fixed costs and the transactions costs of producing beans; the standards also alter how bean quality is assessed. Both the small and the large farm use contracts to protect their specific investments in complying with the standards.  However, while the large farm invests in improved facilities using its own equity, the small farm uses a marketing group to spread investment costs and reduce the transaction cost to buyers of monitoring the performance of small units. Green bean buyers face the asymmetric information problem of creating incentives for farmers to comply voluntarily with...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food safety standards; Farmer compliance; Transaction costs; Principal-agent; Economies of size; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19241

Incentives to Supply Enhanced Ecosystem Services from Cropland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jolejole,   Christina B.; Swinton,   Scott M.; Lupi,   Frank.
This paper examines the willingness of farmers to participate in hypothetical programs that would pay them to adopt cropping practices that enhance provision of ecosystem services from agriculture. A survey of 3,000 Michigan corn and soybean farmers elicited willingness to adopt four sets of cropping practices that reflected increasing levels of environmental stewardship. Acreage enrollments in the programs were modeled using hurdle models. The acreage that farmers would be willing to enroll depends chiefly on farm size and the perception of environmental improvements from the practices.  For farms over 500 acres, the payment offered was also a significant inducement to acreage enrollment in all systems examined. This paper advances the literature on...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Willingness to participate; Willingness to accept; Stated preference; Supply response; Ecosystem services; Payment for environmental services; Agricultural policy; Agro-environmental policy; Environmental policy; Corn; Soybean; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q18; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49356

CAPTURING HOUSEHOLD-LEVEL SPATIAL INFLUENCE IN AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT USING RANDOM EFFECTS REGRESSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.
Data on agricultural and natural resource management typically have spatial patterns related to the landscapes from which they came.  Consequently, econometric models designed to explain the determinants of humans' natural resource management practices or their outcomes often have spatial structure that can bring bias or inefficiency to parameter estimates.   Although econometric tools are available to correct for spatial structure, such tools are largely lacking for use with discrete dependent variable models.   While one obvious solution would be to develop the necessary tools, an alternative is to identify conditions under which spatial dependency can be managed effectively without formal spatial autoregressive models.  This study examines conditions...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11516

WHETHER AND HOW TO INVEST IN SITE-SPECIFIC CROP MANAGEMENT: RESULTS OF FOCUS GROUP INTERVIEWS IN MICHIGAN, 1996
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.; Harsh,   Stephen B.; Ahmad,   Mubariq.
How do farmers and agribusinesses decide whether to adopt site-specific crop management (SSCM)?  In spite of many agronomic experiments on variable rate fertilizer application, the broader adoption question has received little attention.  In order to discuss SSCM adoption issues, five focus group meetings were held with 22 Michigan farmers in early 1996 plus a sixth focus group meeting with 6 agribusiness representatives.  This report summarizes results, provides frequency counts of responses, and includes the questions that guided the focus group meetings.   The farmers interviewed were overwhelmingly concerned with profitability and risk of adopting SSCM.  Yield monitors were the most widely adopted SSCM technology; several farmers had hired grid soil...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11689

FQPA IMPLEMENTATION TO REDUCE PESTICIDE RESIDUE RISKS: PART I: AGRICULTURAL PRODUCER CONCERNS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batie,   Sandra S.; Swinton,   Scott M.; Schulz,   Mary A.
The Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 (FQPA) transforms the regulation of pesticide residues on food in the United States.  Three changes are prominent.  First, under the FQPA, the U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is authorized to develop uniform pesticide residue tolerances for both fresh and processed foods.  These tolerances must be based on a conservative standard appropriate for infants and children, rather than the adult-based tolerances that prevailed previously for fresh-market produce.  Second, under the FQPA, pesticide registration will be based upon aggregate risk to the most susceptible consumers from all pesticides sharing a common biochemical mode of action in humans.  Third, the FQPA expands the scope of health effects included...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11813

Does Human Capital Raise Farm or Non-farm Earning More? New Insight from Rural Pakistan Panel Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Satriawan,   Elan; Swinton,   Scott M.
This study explores how human capital affects farm household earnings using two tools to refine measurement of human capital effects. First, it employs a two-sector model to allow the allocation of family labor between farm and non-farm activities. Second, it accounts for village fixed effects to evaluate whether results from panel data differ meaningfully from a cross-sectional data analysis with local binary variables. The results show that education has a negligible effect on farm earnings; instead, experience appears to be the principal channel by which human capital affects agricultural performance in a traditional rural setting. Our results also suggest that prior models that fail to separate non-farm activities spuriously exaggerated the effect of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19207

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS APPROACHES TO POTATO-BASED INTEGRATED CROP SYSTEMS:  ISSUES AND METHOD
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Labarta,   Ricardo A.; Swinton,   Scott M.; Black,   J. Roy; Snapp,   Siglinde; Leep,   Richard.
In response to stagnating yields and mounting pest problems, Michigan potato growers are investigating ways to bring manure and cover crops back into potato production systems.  The alternative systems bring benefits and costs for monetary net returns, the variability of net returns, and environmental impacts.  This paper reviews the likely yield and biological system effects of alternative potato production systems that incorporate manure and cover crops.  After briefly considering research designs for gathering experimental versus farm field data, it reviews four economic analysis methods for evaluating alternative systems.  All methods are illustrated with examples.  First, for evaluating comparative average profitability, it reviews a) enterprise...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11677

SITE-SPECIFIC VERSUS WHOLE-FIELD FERTILITY AND LIME MANAGEMENT IN MICHIGAN SOYBEANS AND CORN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.; Jones,   Kezelee Q.; Miller,   Neil R.; Schabenberger,   O.; Brook,   Roger; Warncke,   Darryl.
Prior research into variable-rate application (VRA) of fertilizer nutrients has found profitability to be lacking in single nutrient applications to U.S. cereal crops.  This study examines the yield and cost effects of VRA phosphorus, potassium and lime application on Michigan corn and soybean farm fields in 1998-2001.  After four years, we found no yield gain from site-specific management, but statistically significant added costs, resulting in no gain in profitability.  Contrary to results elsewhere, there was no evidence of enhanced spatial yield stability due to site-specific fertility management.  Likewise, there was no evidence of decreased variability of phosphorus, potassium or lime after VRA treatment.  Site-specific response functions and yield...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11748

Modeling Certainty-Adjusted Willingness to Pay for Ecosystem Service Improvement  from Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ma,   Shan; Lupi,   Frank; Swinton,   Scott M.; Chen,   Huilan.
The public demand for ecosystem services measured by willingness to pay (WTP) in contingent valuation studies provides important information for designing Payment-for-Ecosystem-Service (PES) programs. However, the hypothetical markets for contingent valuation and respondents’ unfamiliarity with certain ecosystem services may increase their preference uncertainty, which may increase variance and even cause bias in WTP estimates. Taking advantage of a unique stated preference data set that includes a follow-up question rating the respondent’s certainty level, this study evaluates alternative methods of modeling certainty-adjusted WTP for cleaner lakes and abated global warming. Results suggest that the incorporation of self-reported uncertainty into binary...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Willingness to Pay; Preference Uncertainty; Numerical certainty scale; Ecosystem services; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Risk and Uncertainty; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103734

Why Farmers Opt Not to Enroll in Payment-for-Environmental-Services Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ma,   Shan; Swinton,   Scott M.; Lupi,   Frank; Jolejole,   Christina B.
Payment-for-environmental-services (PES) programs are the focus of increasing attention globally. While existing PES programs can observe who participates and who does not, the reasons for nonparticipation can be opaque. Taking advantage of a unique stated preference data set that includes a follow-up question on conditions for participation, this study differentiates two types of non-participants, those deterred by insufficient payments, and those deterred by fundamental incompatibility with the farm operation. Survey weighted and spatially weighted probit models are applied to examine the determinants of farmers’ willingness to enroll in PES programs and their willingness to consider enrollment at the same or a high payment. Results suggest the decision...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Payment-for-environmental-services; Agricultural policy; Non-participation; Working land; Stated preference; Spatial probit; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Q18; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61392

FARMER WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR HERBICIDE SAFETY CHARACTERISTICS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Owens,   Nicole N.; Swinton,   Scott M.; van Ravenswaay,   Eileen O.
Microeconomic studies often make two assumptions: 1) producers focus on profit maximization, disregarding "external" environmental and health costs; and 2) producers have full information about their production processes and markets.  This study examines whether these assumptions are valid for the herbicide use decisions of Michigan corn growers.  It further examines corn growers' willingness to pay for reductions in risk associated with the use of herbicide safety characteristics.  The approach used involves a mail survey designed to simulate the market for herbicide formulations described as identical to atrazine except that the "new" herbicide formulations are described as a) not carcinogenic to humans, b) not leachable into groundwater, or c) nontoxic...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20942

INVESTMENT IN SOIL CONSERVATION IN NORTHERN ETHIOPIA: THE ROLE OF LAND TENURE SECURITY AND PUBLIC PROGRAMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gebremedhin,   Berhanu; Swinton,   Scott M.
Soil erosion seriously threatens the future agricultural productivity of Ethiopia's highlands. In analyzing the determinants of soil conservation investments there, this study goes beyond the conventional physical factors to examine institutional, social capital and public program effects.  The double hurdle statistical analysis from 250 farms in the Tigray region reveals different causal factors for soil conservation adoption versus intensity of use.  The determinants of adoption of soil conservation measures vary sharply between stone terraces and soil bunds. Physical propensity toward erosion (e.g., slope, slope shape and soil texture) and land suitability for conservation helped determine conservation investments in all cases.  But institutional and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11749

INTRODUCCION A LA ESTADISTICA PARA ECONOMISTAS AGRICOLAS USANDO EL SPSS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.; Labarta,   Ricardo A.
Este documento es un manual de estadística para economistas aplicados que usan el programa estadístico SPSS. Está diseñado para ser usado dentro de un taller de capacitación de una semana, y tiene como propósito familiarizar a profesionales de la investigación con procedimientos estadísticos básicos, necesarios para realizar análisis socioeconómicos a datos que provienen de encuestas. Este documento es una introducción para los usuarios en la creación y manipulación de las bases de datos, en la estadística exploratoria univariada y bivariada, en la prueba de hipótesis y en la regresión lineal y logística. El texto del documento se apoya en 19 cajas de texto que ilustran como cada procedimiento puede ser aplicado a un grupo de datos provenientes de una...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11702

Profitability and Environmental Stewardship for Row Crop Production: Are There Trade-offs?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jolejole,   Christina B.; Swinton,   Scott M.; Robertson,   G. Philip; Syswerda,   Sara P.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50920

Public's Willingness to Pay for Ecosystem Service Improvements From Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chen,   Huilan; Lupi,   Frank; Swinton,   Scott M.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61676

Pollination Economics (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50569

WEEDSIM: A BIOECONOMIC MODEL OF WEED MANAGEMENT IN CORN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.; King,   Robert P.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14164

FARM-LEVEL EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE POLICY APPROACHES TO REDUCE NITRATE LEACHING FROM MIDWEST AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.; Clark,   David S.
Policies to reduce nitrate leaching are evaluated using a mixed integer linear programming model of a representative Michigan cash grain farm.  At spring 1993 prices, elimination of the current deficiency payment program is found to be more efficient at reducing leaching than a nitrogen input tax, a tax credit on biologically fixed nitrogen, a rotation payment, or obligatory use of the Integrated Farm Management Program Option (IFMPO).  However, elimination of the deficiency payment program would significantly reduce farm income.  Modeling risk management and nitrate leaching dynamics are useful extensions of this research, as is estimating the benefits from averting nitrate leaching.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31320

Reimagining Farms as Managed Ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem Services; Managed Ecosystems; Payment for Environmental Services; Multidisciplinary Research; Nonmarket Valuation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q57; Q51; Q12.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94650

IS YIELD RESPONSE SITE-SPECIFIC? REVISITING NITROGEN RECOMMENDATIONS ON CORN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.; Liu,   Yanyan; Miller,   Neil R.
Replaced with revised version of paper 08/19/02.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19709

ASSESSING ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT USING ECONOMIC SURPLUS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.
This paper outlines the economic surplus approach to economic impact assessment and how it may be applied to natural resource management (NRM) projects.  Three challenges confront NRM impact assessment: measurement, attribution, and valuation of non-market impacts.  While various methods for non-market valuation have been developed, none has yet been integrated into a market-based economic surplus analysis due to problems of measurement and theoretical consistency.  Future research should address those integration problems as well as the effects on valuation of inter-country income differentials.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11668

CHOICE OF REGRESSION METHOD FOR DETRENDING TIME SERIES DATA WITH NONNORMAL ERRORS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.; King,   Robert P.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13954

Rethinking Ecosystem Services from an Intermediate Product Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.; Zhang,   Wei.
The Earth's ecosystems provide myriad goods and services that are essential to human wellbeing. This paper offers a typology of ecosystem services that emphasizes the means by which humans experience the service rendered.  The typology distinguishes between services that are directly experienced, and those that are indirect.  The paper offers an illustration of how indirect services can be valued when they contributed to production of a marketed product.  The intermediate product method described is amenable to indirect services that are one stage removed (Tier 2), two stages removed (Tier 3), or even farther removed from the direct services that humans experience.  The intermediate product approach to ecosystem service valuation is illustrated by an...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19536

USER'S GUIDE - GENERAL WEED MANAGEMENT MODEL VERSION 1.0 - DECEMBER 1994
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wiles,   L.J.; King,   Robert P.; Lybecker,   Donald W.; Schweizer,   E.E.; Swinton,   Scott M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13482

ECONOMICS IN THE DESIGN, ASSESSMENT, ADOPTION, AND POLICY ANALYSIS OF I.P.M.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.; Day,   Esther.
During the past twenty years, economics has played a key role in technology assessment and policy analysis related to integrated pest management (IPM) practices.  The paper reviews economic analysis of IPM as applied to evaluating expected profitability, ex ante and ex post adoption, social welfare impacts, returns to research, and policies that affect pest management generally.  In specific cases, economic methods have contributed significantly to the development of threshold-based IPM decision support software.  Two areas that need greater economic input are assessment of biological pest management practices and the measurement of returns to research in IPM.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11789

TOO POOR TO BE STEWARDS?  RURAL POVERTY AND SUSTAINABLE NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.
Sustaining natural resource stocks especially those underpinning the capacity to produce food is key to most definitions of sustainable development.  Yet troubling evidence has surfaced of instances where the rural poor were forced to sacrifice long-term sustainability for the sake of near-term survival (Mink 1993; Figueroa 1998).  Are such cases special ones, or is rural poverty a driving factor in causing soil erosion, overgrazing, deforestation, and degradation of other natural resources?  This paper argues that natural resource sustainability in developing countries is not the result of a direct cause-effect relationship, but rather is engendered by a web of causal factors.  Untangling that web entails separating out strands for poverty from those for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11694

Do International Food-Safety Standards Marginalize Poor Farmers? Evidence from Kenyan Family Green Bean Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Okello,   Julius Juma; Swinton,   Scott M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8546

As Ecosystem Services Are Demanded of Agriculture, What of Agricultural Economists?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27960

WILL FARMERS USE SAFER PESTICIDES?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Owens,   Nicole N.; Swinton,   Scott M.; van Ravenswaay,   Eileen O.
Virtually all technology adoption studies are conducted ex post, yet policy makers often need to assess the likely level of adoption before the technology is introduced.  This study uses data from a contingent valuation survey of Michigan corn growers to assess what factors would influence the adoption of two safer corn herbicides, one that is not carcinogenic and one that does not leach. Results indicate that price, risk perception, and sources of pest control information are all important.  This suggests that public policies designed to change perceptions and improve information dissemination may encourage voluntary use of more environmentally friendly technologies.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Atrazine; Cancer risk; Contingent valuation; Herbicides; Nitrate leaching; Public policy; Technology adoption; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11577

Prospects for BT Cotton In Mozambique
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pitoro,   Raul; Walker,   Thomas S.; Tschirley,   David L.; Swinton,   Scott M.; Boughton,   Duncan; de Marrule,   Higino Francisco.
Institute of Agricultural Research of Mozambique Directorate of Training, Documentation, and Technology Transfer
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Cotton; Mozambique; Food security; Bio Technology; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53461

ASSESSING THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT: LESSONS FROM THE PAST, DIRECTIONS FOR THE FUTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.; Williams,   Mollie B.
This paper reviews the literature assessing the economic impacts of integrated pest management (IPM).  Definitions of IPM are categorized as input- or outcome-oriented, and an outcome- oriented definition is recommended for public program assessment.  The literature on economic impact assessment of IPM is divided according to focus on expected profit, profitability risk, environment, and health.  Measuring diverse impacts on the environment and health poses a challenge, as does placing a value on those impacts.  Evaluation of environment and health variables has been accomplished either by comparing individual attributes (multiple criteria approach) or else by constructing a weighted index (index approach), which may be measured in monetary or non-...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11636

Can Dispersed Biomass Processing Protect the Environment and Cover the Bottom Line for Biofuel?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Egbendewe-Mondzozo,   Aklesso; Swinton,   Scott M.; Bals,   Bryan D.; Dale,   Bruce E.
This paper compares environmental and profitability outcomes for a centralized biorefinery for cellulosic ethanol that does all processing versus a biorefinery linked to a decentralized array of local depots that pretreat biomass into concentrated briquettes.  The analysis uses a spatial bioeconomic model that maximizes predicted profit from crop and energy products, subject to the requirement that the biorefinery must be operated at full capacity.  The model draws upon biophysical crop input-output coefficients simulated with the EPIC model, as well as input and output prices, spatial transportation costs, ethanol yields from biomass, and biorefinery capital and operational costs. The model was applied to 82 cropping systems simulated across 37...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Biomass production; Bioenergy supply; Cellulosic ethanol; Environmental trade-off analysis; Bioeconomic modeling; EPIC; Spatial configuration; Local biomass processing; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q16; Q15; Q57; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119348

ESTIMATING COST EFFICIENCY AMONG MAIZE PRODUCERS IN KENYA AND UGANDA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kirimi,   Lilian; Swinton,   Scott M.
A translog stochastic cost frontier is estimated to calculate cost efficiency index (CEI) of 203 Kenyan and Ugandan maize producers using survey data from 2003. Results show a mean CEI of 1.95, with greater inefficiency among farms in Kenya of medium-large size. Key sources of inefficiency are late planting and use of recycled seed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20396

Spatially Optimal Habitat Management For Natural Pest Control Services
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Wei; van derr Werf,   Wopke; Swinton,   Scott M.
The control of crop pests by their natural enemies represents an important ecosystem service that maintains the stability of agricultural systems and has the potential to mitigate pest control costs. Recently, there has been growing interest in enhancing natural control services via habitat management that provides resources for adult natural enemies, such as food and shelter. Management of natural enemy populations has received little attention in the economic literature on pest control. Most such prior studies have explored optimal chemical-based pest management. One recent paper developed a threshold-based pesticide decision rule to account for the presence of natural enemies. However, no prior studies have investigated economically optimal spatial...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Biological control; Natural enemies; Habitat management; Soybean aphid; Spatial optimization; Land use; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43030

INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES AND STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: VIEW FROM WITHIN THE LAND-GRANT UNIVERSITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batie,   Sandra S.; Swinton,   Scott M.
Sustainable agricultural research and education have gained acceptability within the land-grant system in less than a decade, an impressive change. Attitudes were changed by a set of forces which include lobbying by sustainable agriculture advocates, requests from farmers as a result of the cost-price squeeze of the early 1980's, changing demands for both environmental quality and less pesticide residues from food consumers, and the availability of new funding sources.  Despite its hard-won acceptability, there are tensions with respect to sustainable agriculture within the land-grant system. Sustainable agricultural issues are not yet integrated into the fabric of the land-grant institution. In order to integrate it fully, challenges remain in three key...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11666

HIDDEN HEALTH COSTS OF PESTICIDE USE IN ZIMBABWE'S SMALLHOLDER COTTON
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maumbe,   Blessing M.; Swinton,   Scott M.
Balancing the numerous benefits that may accrue from pesticide use on cotton, farmers face health hazards. Pesticide-induced acute symptoms significantly increased the cost of illness in a survey of 280 smallholder cotton growers in two districts of Zimbabwe. Cotton growers lost a mean of Z$180 in Sanyati and Z$316 per year in Chipinge on pesticide-related direct and indirect acute health effects. These values are equivalent to 45% and 83% of annual household pesticide expenditures in the two districts. The time spent recuperating from illnesses attributed to pesticides averaged 2 days in Sanyati and 4 days in Chipinge during the 1998/99 growing season.  These pesticide health cost estimates represent lower bounds only; they omit chronic pesticide health...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19903

WHY DO SMALLHOLDER COTTON GROWERS IN ZIMBABWE ADOPT IPPM? THE ROLE OF PESTICIDE-RELATED HEALTH RISKS AND TECHNOLOGY AWARENESS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maumbe,   Blessing M.; Swinton,   Scott M.
In order to test whether farmer training and farmer health risks determine adoption of Integrated Pest and Production Management (IPPM) in Zimbabwe, a Poisson regression model was developed. The empirical analysis uses measures of farmer awareness of IPPM practices, pesticide health risks, labor and capital availability, expected pest damage and other conditioning variables. The results of the analysis show that farmer awareness of IPPM practices is significantly associated with their adoption.  Pesticide-related health risks however had no significant influence on the adoption of IPPM technologies. This evidence suggests that the government of Zimbabwe should expand its use of farmer field schools and other farmer-to-farmer approaches that diffuse IPPM...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21784

FQPA IMPLEMENTATION TO REDUCE PESTICIDE RESIDUE RISKS: PART II: IMPLEMENTATION ALTERNATIVES AND STRATEGIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.; Batie,   Sandra S.; Schulz,   Mary A.
Implementation of the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) is fraught with difficulty due to the divergent perspectives and demands of stakeholders in the process.  In "Part I: Agricultural Producer Concerns," the authors reviewed the concerns of food producers about potential FQPA threats to farm profitability, international competitiveness, consumer perceptions, and the development of pest resistance to remaining pesticides.   Fortunately, lessons from past environmental policy and economic theory offer useful principles for how to implement the FQPA.  This paper, "Part II: Implementation Alternatives and Strategies" addresses ways to accommodate producer concerns while meeting the policy mandate of reducing risk from pesticide exposure, especially for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11488

Multi-Institutional Implementation of Farmer Field Schools among Nicaraguan Bean Growers. Do Different NGOs Perform Differently?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Labarta,   Ricardo A.; Swinton,   Scott M.
This paper analyzes how different characteristics of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) working as extension providers affect the delivery of agricultural technologies to farmers. Using farm level data from 436 Nicaraguan bean growers, we evaluate how the institutional characteristics of the NGOs that implement farmer field schools (FFS) affect their impacts on farmer choices of pest management inputs, their adoption of integrated pest management (IPM) and resulting net revenues and pesticide exposure from bean production. After controlling for endogeneity of participation in IPM training programs and for a clustered and stratified sample design, results reveal that institutional focus, expertise in IPM and the capacity of extension providers...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25714

Food vs. Wood: Dynamic Choices for Kenyan Smallholders
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peralta,   Maria Alexandra; Swinton,   Scott M.
Natural resource management
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agroforestry; Eucalyptus; Food security; Kenya; Linear programming; Smallholder agriculture; Whole farm model; Crop Production/Industries; International Development; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49401

Measuring the Value of Changes in Ecosystem Services from Agriculture: Economic Contributions to Multidisciplinary Research (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58990

Can Bt Technology Reduce Poverty Among African Cotton Growers?  An Ex Ante Analysis of the Private and Social Profitability of Bt Cotton Seed in Mozambique.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pitoro,   Raul; Walker,   Thomas S.; Tschirley,   David L.; Swinton,   Scott M.; Boughton,   Duncan; de Marrule,   Higino Francisco.
This paper presents an ex ante analysis of the private and social profitability of the introduction of Bt cotton for a major cotton producing area of northern Mozambique.   Cotton is especially relevant to rural poverty reduction because smallholders often have few alternative cash earning activities, and yields are among the lowest in Africa.  Multivariate regression is used to quantify the relationship between pest control and yield loss at farm level as a basis for estimating the expected yield gain from the introduction of Bt cotton.  Partial budget analysis of technical packages with and without Bt cotton seed reveals a strong divergence between private (negative) and social (positive) profitability.  The Mozambique case indicates that effective...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bt cotton; Social profitability; Poverty reduction; Mozambique; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Development; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51633

Do Pesticide Hazards to Human Health and Beneficial Insects Cause or Result from IPM Adoption?  Mixed Messages from Farmer Field Schools in Nicaragua
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Labarta,   Ricardo A.; Swinton,   Scott M.
This paper analyzes the interaction between farmer training in pest management and effects on acute pesticide poisoning and populations of beneficial insects in Nicaragua.   Using farm level data from Nicaraguan bean growers, including graduates of Farmer Field Schools (FFS), other integrated pest management (IPM) outreach methods, and farmers without exposure to IPM, we found that small farmers are influenced by pesticide-related acute illness experiences when adopting IPM practices and making decisions about pesticide use.  However, exposure to IPM extension programs failed to reduce the use of highly toxic pesticides and increased the number of self-reported acute illness symptoms during the most recent bean crop season.  IPM training did result in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem service; Integrated pest management; Agricultural extension; Nicaragua; Farm Management; Q16.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19305

A RISK PROGRAMMING APPROACH TO DESIGNING CONTRACTS TO REDUCE NITRATE LEACHING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chu,   Mei-Chin; Swinton,   Scott M.; Batie,   Sandra S.
As contractual agriculture expands, contract design offers a non-regulatory opportunity to reduce non-point source pollution.  A risk programming analysis of seed corn contract designs illustrates a tractable empirical principal-agent model, and shows that grower risk preferences affect contract acceptability and efficiency at reducing nitrate leaching.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11594