Consulta: creatorFacets:"Trueblood,   Michael A."
Registros recuperados: 15
Data/hora: 15/06/2024 15:47:24

POLICY OPTIONS TO STABILIZE FOOD SUPPLIES: A CASE STUDY OF SOUTHERN AFRICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Trueblood,   Michael A.; Shapouri,   Shahla; Henneberry,   Shida Rastegari.
For the southern Africa region, both a grain stocking program and an import insurance program would have reduced food supply variability more than historical food aid during 1970-95. The stocking program and the import insurance program would have been less expensive than food aid from a donor point of view. These options may be attractive policy alternatives for donors and countries in other regions, given the decline in food aid budgets in recent years and projections of rising global food gaps.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Supply stabilization; Food aid; Southern Africa Development Community (SADC); Grain stocks; Import insurance; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33703

MODELING THE EU'S EVERYTHING BUT ARMS INITIATIVE FOR THE LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Trueblood,   Michael A.; Somwaru,   Agapi.
This study attempts to answer two key questions: what will be the likely impact of the EU's Everything But Arms (EBA) proposal, and, what would be the impact if the United States also were to implement a similar proposal?  Using the GTAP model, the preliminary results in this paper show if only the EU's EBA proposal were implemented, then welfare in the least developed countries (LDCs) would increase by $2.5 billion (0.53 percent of their GDP), exports would grow by 3 percent, and GDP would grow by 2.3 percent.  If the United States and the EU both implemented similar programs, then LDC welfare would increase by $3.1 billion (0.66 percent of GDP), exports would increase by 3.7 percent and total GDP growth by 2.9 percent.  Another version of this scenario...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Political Economy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19642

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY IN RUSSIA AND UKRAINE:   BUILDING ON A DECADE OF REFORM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Osborne,   Stefan; Trueblood,   Michael A.
This study examines the impact of agriculture-specific and economywide institutional reform in Russia and Ukraine on the productivity and efficiency of agricultural production. Production in the agricultural sector in Russia and Ukraine has fallen since reforms began in 1992. The decline is to a certain extent an inevitable result of reform as input and output prices realign to world prices. However, some of the decline is due to incomplete agriculture-specific and economywide institutional reform. Russia and Ukraine have the potential to increase grain exports significantly if reforms are implemented: the most likely scenario projects that wheat and barley exports from Russia and Ukraine could double from current projections, reaching 21 million metric...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Russia; Ukraine; Reform; Productivity; Efficiency; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33937

A COMPARISON OF MULTIFACTOR PRODUCTIVITY CALCULATIONS OF THE U.S. AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Trueblood,   Michael A.; Ruttan,   Vernon W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14165

Measurement and Explanation of Technical Efficiency Performance in Ukrainian Agriculture, 1991-1996
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Murova,   Olga I.; Trueblood,   Michael A.; Coble,   Keith H.
The present study examines technical efficiency patterns in Ukraine’s crop sector for 1991-1996.  The economic and policy environment in Ukraine has changed since reform began in 1991.  Many policy changes have exerted offsetting economic pressures on efficiency.  Enterprise privatization and the liberalization of prices and trade put upward pressure on technical efficiency, whereas start-stop land privatization efforts, unpredictable government intervention, and slow developments in the credit and labor markets put downward pressure on efficiency.  We found that technical efficiency appears to have improved slightly over the 1991-1996 period, suggesting that the positive forces had more impact.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Data envelopment analysis; Enterprise privatization; Inefficiency; Price liberalization; Productivity; Stochastic frontier analysis; Technical efficiency; D29; E23; E66; O38; P32.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43430

Implications of Trade Liberalization on Food Security of Low-income Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Trueblood,   Michael A.; Shapouri,   Shahla.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33705

ESTIMATING A PROFIT FUNCTION IN THE PRESENCE OF INEFFICIENCY:  AN APPLICATION TO RUSSIAN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arnade,   Carlos Anthony; Trueblood,   Michael A.
The relationship among cost functions, distance functions, and technical inefficiency are utilized to show how technical inefficiency scores can be incorporated into the specification of a profit function and a related system of output supply and input demands.  A method also is introduced for incorporating allocative efficiency scores into the same system.  The theoretical and empirical approach requires fewer assumptions than those made in many studies.  An illustrative example is provided for Russian agriculture for 1194-95, a period when significant technical and allocative inefficiency was known to exist.  The results demonstrate inefficiency limits the supply response to prices, thus leading to lower estimates of output response compare to a...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31089

AN EXAMINATION OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF RUSSIAN CROP OUTPUT IN THE REFORM PERIOD
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Osborne,   Stefan; Trueblood,   Michael A.
This paper examines economic efficiency of Russian corporate farms for 1995-98.  Economic efficiency declined over the period, due to declines in both technical and allocative inefficiency.  According to the average technical efficiency scores, Russian agricultural production could improve from 17 to 43 percent according to DEA and SFA analysis, respectively.  The efficiency scores show that Russian agriculture presently uses relatively too much fertilizer and fuel and too little land and labor.   Russian agriculture inherited machinery-intensive technology from the Soviet era, which may be inappropriate given the relative abundance of labor in the post-reform environment.  Investment constraints have prevented the replacement of old machinery-intensive...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20548

THE EXPORT MARKET FOR DIFFERENTIATED PROCESSED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS: THE ROLE OF FACTOR PRICES AND FIXED COSTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rakotoarisoa,   Manitra A.; Henneberry,   Shida Rastegari; Shapouri,   Shahla; Trueblood,   Michael A.
The theories of monopolistic competition and ¡°love for variety¡± contend that the differences in firms¡¯ prices and market shares arise from product differentiation, which is linked to firms¡¯ fixed costs.  This paper reviews these theories and their implications for prices and market shares of firms from developing countries seeking to expand their exports of processed agricultural goods.  The study proposes a model showing the role of the firms¡¯ costs as a source of product differentiation.  Using econometric methods, the model estimates the firms¡¯ residual demand elasticities, which indicate the degree of product differentiation and market power.  The model also determines the effects of the firms¡¯ own costs and competitors¡¯ costs on the residual...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21964

SUPPLY RESPONSE OF UKRAINIAN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Murova,   Olga I.; Coble,   Keith H.; Trueblood,   Michael A.
This study explores the impact of technical inefficiency on agricultural supply functions in Ukraine.  Two models using a system of output supply and input demand equations were evaluated in this research: one without inefficiency included in the model and another with inefficiency included.  A likelihood ratio test found that the model with inefficiency included was the preferred model in this case.  Incorporation of inefficiency into the model increased output supply elasticities and did not dramatically change input demand elasticities.  The own-price elasticities for grains, sugar beets, sunflowers, and potatoes showed inelastic positive signs that were statistically significant.  The own-price input demands were negative and also inelastic; however,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20539

AGRICULTURAL POLICY REFORM IN THE WTO:  THE ROAD AHEAD
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diao,   Xinshen; Elbehri,   Aziz; Gehlhar,   Mark J.; Gibson,   Paul R.; Leetmaa,   Susan E.; Mitchell,   Lorraine; Nelson,   Frederick J.; Nimon,   R. Wesley; Normile,   Mary Anne; Roe,   Terry L.; Shapouri,   Shahla; Skully,   David W.; Smith,   Mark; Somwaru,   Agapi; Trueblood,   Michael A.; Tsigas,   Marinos E.; Wainio,   John; Whitley,   Daniel B.; Young,   C. Edwin.
Agricultural trade barriers and producer subsidies inflict real costs, both on the countries that use these policies and on their trade partners. Trade barriers lower demand for trade partners' products, domestic subsidies can induce an oversupply of agricultural products which depresses world prices, and export subsidies create increased competition for producers in other countries. Eliminating global agricultural policy distortions would result in an annual world welfare gain of $56 billion. High protection for agricultural commodities in the form of tariffs continues to be the major factor restricting world trade. In 2000, World Trade Organization (WTO) members continued global negotiations on agricultural policy reform. To help policymakers and others...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34015

FOOD INSECURITY IN THE LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES AND THE INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Trueblood,   Michael A.; Shapouri,   Shahla.
Despite adequate food supplies at the global level, many low-income countries experience food insecurity.  Given that food deficits are projected to get even bigger in the future, the problem probably will only get worse.  Added to the concern is the likelihood that global trade liberalization will increase prices and price volatility of major imported staple food commodities.  Presently, the international safety nets that do exist are inadequate in stabilizing food supplies for the more vulnerable countries.  Food aid has been the primary safety net, but is not sufficient to meet estimated needs around the world.  The few alternatives to food aid that have been implemented so far have been either underutilized or ineffective.  New safety net proposals...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19615

AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SELECTED PRODUCTIVITY LITERATURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Trueblood,   Michael A.
"This paper annotates and cites literature that is relevant to...agricultural productivity analysis...[includes] agricultural productivity studies for all countries dating back to World War II."
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13580

Agricultural Trade Preferences and the Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wainio,   John; Shapouri,   Shahla; Trueblood,   Michael A.; Gibson,   Paul R.
Nonreciprocal trade preference programs originated in the 1970s under the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) as an effort by high-income developed countries to provide tariff concessions for low-income countries. The goal of the programs was to increase export earnings, promote industrialization, and stimulate economic growth in the lower income countries. This study analyzes detailed trade and tariff data for the United States and the European Union (the two largest nonreciprocal preference donors) to determine the extent to which the programs have increased exports from beneficiary countries. For those products where the margins of preference are large and where beneficiaries have a comparative advantage and the capacity to expand production, these...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Tariff; Agricultural trade; Preferences; Least developed countries; Market access; World Trade Organization; WTO; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7258

AN OVERVIEW OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE SIZE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Trueblood,   Michael A.; Honadle,   Beth Walter.
This paper reviews many factors affecting the size of local government. These factors include: current demographic trends and changes in alternative service delivery arrangements, theoretical schools of thought, evidence on economies of size, whether current local governments are managed efficiently, and legal and political factors.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Economics.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13688