Consulta: creatorFacets:"Waldorf,   Brigitte S."
Registros recuperados: 13
Data/hora: 10/06/2024 18:20:16

GOING WEST IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: MIGRATION AND EU ENLARGEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Delbecq,   Benoit A.; Waldorf,   Brigitte S.
Citizens of EU Member States have the fundamental right of free movement within the EU Union, and of freely choosing where to live and work within the EU. However, this right was temporarily constrained for citizens of the new Member States following the enlargement of the EU from 15 to 27 Member States. The severity of restrictions for newcomers varied substantially across the 15 old Member States. This paper analyzes whether the variations in entry restrictions influenced the distribution of migrants across the EU-15 states. To assess the effects of entry restrictions, it models and compares the distribution of migrants across the EU-15 countries prior to the enlargement with that after the enlargement. The analysis uses aggregate data on migrant stocks...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Immigration; EU Enlargement; Immigration Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; J11; J61.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58946

MOVING TO THE LAND OF FROSTED CAKES AND FRIED FOOD: IMMIGRANT OBESITY IN THE U.S.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Jing; Waldorf,   Brigitte S.
The paper focuses on body weight gain among immigrants in the US. The emphasis is on disentangling different time lines that are relevant in the context of immigration and acculturation, namely length of exposure to the high obesity culture, age at immigration, year of immigration and aging. Using data from the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS), we find that (1) acculturation is associated with higher BMIs for the 1st generation, but not the 1.5 generation; (2) immigration at an early age (before 12) facilitates acculturation progress and drives BMI convergence to natives; (3) the effect of sojourn length in the host country is unstable across model specifications; (4) BMI differences between Asian and Latino immigrants are partly due to...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Immigration; Obesity; Acculturation; Health Economics and Policy; I10; J15.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120896

THE ROLE OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN LANGUAGE ACQUISITION  AMONG IMMIGRANTS IN U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Waldorf,   Brigitte S.; Beckhusen,   Julia; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.; de Graaff,   Thomas.
Segregation by race, ethnicity and income is a persistent feature of U.S. cities and communities, and ethnic enclaves have formed ever since immigration became more diverse. For low-skilled immigrants in particular, settling in an ethnic enclave may offer important opportunities and facilitate coping with the new environment. However, immigrant enclaves may also foster occupational segregation and retard assimilation, with the willingness to invest in language acquisition playing a key role. This paper expands on earlier work focusing on the linkage between spatial segregation and language acquisition. Using data from the 2000 U.S. Census the study stratifies immigrants by their location in one of four metropolitan areas by educational attainment and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Immigration; Human capital; Language acquisition; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital; Political Economy; Public Economics; I21; J10; R20.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48643

Strategic Interaction and Spatial Multiplier Effects in Local Growth Control Policies: The California Housing Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Waldorf,   Brigitte S.; Byun,   Pillsung; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.
Since the 1970s, growth controls spread across many metropolitan regions in the United States. Several studies address the effects of local growth controls on housing markets, particularly its price effect, which is induced by rising construction cost, constrained housing supply, improved amenities, and market reorientation of homebuilders. However, only few studies explicitly address inter-jurisdictional spatial spillovers and strategic interaction of policy-makers of different jurisdictions in the design of growth control policies. This study focuses on two housing market outcomes, supply of new housing and market orientation, and utilizes a spatial econometric framework to systematically investigate local and global spatial spillovers giving rise to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Spatial spillovers; Growth controls; Housing supply; Market orientation; Public Economics; C21; H23; H73; R31.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19574

IMMIGRANT ASSIMILATION: DO NEIGHBORHOODS MATTER?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Duncan,   Natasha T.; Waldorf,   Brigitte S.
The United States provides a path to citizenship for its newcomers. Unlike other immigration countries, however, the United States does not have policies that ease assimilation or directly promote naturalization such as easily accessible and widely advertised language and civic instruction courses. Immigrants are by and large left on their own when facing legal and financial barriers or seeking instruction to pass the citizenship test. Not surprisingly, thus, we find that immigrants’ attributes such as educational attainment, English language proficiency, and income affect naturalization rates. This paper analyzes whether naturalization rates are also affected by neighborhood characteristics and informal networks for assistance and information. Towards...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: US Immigration; Assimilation; Caribbean Immigrants; Labor and Human Capital; J15; J61.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46026

Brain Drain in Rural America
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Waldorf,   Brigitte S.
The paper aims at understanding changes in the distribution and accumulation of intellectual capital by analyzing migrants' educational profiles across a sample of 303 U.S. counties.  The results suggest that newcomers are better educated than the resident population, and the education gap is most pronounced for newcomers from other states. The results further suggest that the educational status of newcomers "in-migrants" is positively related to the educational status of the resident population "stayers", thus implying a further agglomeration of human capital across space. However, for interstate migrants the effect is context-dependent, playing a greater role in urban than in rural settings.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Human Capital; Migration; Brain Drain; Community/Rural/Urban Development; J24; R23.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9866

THE EFFECTS OF RURALITY AND INDUSTRIAL SPECIALIZATION INCOME GROWTH: U.S. COUNTIES 2000 TO 2003
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Waldorf,   Brigitte S.
This paper— part of a comprehensive project on industry clusters and rural competitiveness— explores the role of industrial specialization and rurality on economic performance for counties in the continental United States. Regression models are estimated that evaluate the impact of industry cluster-specific employment shares on per capita income growth overall, as well as in a sequence of different contextual settings. Overall, the results suggest that economic disparities across U.S. counties will diminish. The results also suggest that economic specialization “per se” is not a guarantee for economic growth. Instead, economic growth very much depends on the type of specialization and the contextual setting, with distinct differences between, for example,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic Growth; Industry Clusters; Rural America; Community/Rural/Urban Development; O18; O51; R11.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7334

LIVING THE AMERICAN DREAM? WAGE OUTCOMES OF ALBANIAN IMMIGRANTS IN THE UNITED STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mane,   Kate M.; Waldorf,   Brigitte S.
Immigrants’ human capital and human capital potential is not fully transferrable into wage levels in the host county. Albania is a recent case in point that offers an opportunity for study. Since the collapse of the totalitarian regime in 1990, Albania has undergone drastic demographic changes, fueled by unprecedented levels of emigration and disproportionately large shares of those who are leaving are highly skilled individuals. Albania’s brain drain has received a large amount of research attention over the years, but little is known about the possible brain gain for the host country, or brain waste resulting from the over education of the immigrant labor force. This paper investigates the issue of human capital transferability by examining the labor...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor; Human Capital; Labor and Human Capital; J24-J31.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90844

HIGH SKILLED IMMIGRANT RECRUITMENT AND THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS: THE EFFECTS OF IMMIGRATION POLICIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Duncan,   Natasha T.; Waldorf,   Brigitte S.
Since the turn of the twenty-first century, developed countries have engaged in a race for the best and the brightest. States have been lowering barriers to entry and actively recruiting talent from abroad as the premium on human capital has increased in today’s knowledge economies and as demographic problems due to aging and low fertility are becoming a reality. What is interesting is that formerly immigration-adverse, non-traditional immigration states are now opening their doors to this pool of highly skilled migrants. From permanent residency to temporary visas not requiring employer sponsorship, states attempt to sweeten their offers to global talent so the latter would come to their shores. Even more interestingly, notwithstanding the current global...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Immigration Policy; Economic Crisis; High Skilled Migrants; Non-linear Dynamic Model; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; J24; J11; J61.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58417

AGE DIFFERENCES AND MACROECONOMIC EFFECTS ON FOOD STAMP PROGRAM PARTICIPATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lim,   So Yeong; Chen,   Susan E.; Waldorf,   Brigitte S.
Low income populations are more severely affected by economic downturns than their high income counterparts because they are at high risk of unemployment and face reduced earnings in recessions. The use of food stamp benefits and other types of welfare are one mechanism that families can use to buffer the economic shock brought about by income losses due to unemployment during a recession. As a result, during unfavorable economic conditions, low income households disproportionately rely on public assistance including food stamps.  What is less understood are the differential effects of macroeconomic conditions on the participation propensities of different population subgroups. Of particular importance are differential effects by age. Depending on their...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Stamp Program; Age; Macroeconomy; Transition; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; I38; J64.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103783

AGE DIFFERENCES AND MACROECONOMIC EFFECTS ON FOOD STAMP PROGRAM PARTICIPATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lim,   So Yeong; Chen,   Susan E.; Waldorf,   Brigitte S.
This study examines Food Stamp Program (FSP) participation patterns with an emphasis on macroeconomic effects and age differences. Entry into and exit out of the program are examined with data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation 2004 panel using probit techniques. The results indicate that young adults easily enter the FSP but quickly move out. Older people are hesitant to enter the FSP but they stay on longer compared to their younger counterparts. The estimation results confirm the common belief that economic dynamics and FSP participation are negatively related. When the unemployment rates rise, the likelihood of entry and continuation on food stamps increases. This study also documents that the macroeconomic effects on FSP transitions...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food stamps; Age; Macroeconomy; Transition; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; I38; J64.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108558

A Continuous Multi-dimensional Measure of Rurality: Moving Beyond Threshold Measures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Waldorf,   Brigitte S.
This paper introduces the Index of Relative Rurality, a continuous measure of rurality.  The index is based on four dimensions: population size, density, percentage of urban residents, and distance to the closest metropolitan area. The index varies from 0 (most urban) to 1 (most rural). Compared to existing means of measuring rurality, the index is continuous and thus does not suffer from problems that arise when using arbitrary thresholds to separate discrete categories.  This shift away from often ill-defined categories of rural and urban, to measuring the degree of rurality will shed new light on a wide array of rural issues ranging from rural poverty to economic growth. This paper shows that the Index of Relative Rurality makes an invaluable...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21383

SPATIAL ACCESSIBILITY OF HEALTH CARE IN INDIANA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Unal,   Eda; Chen,   Susan E.; Waldorf,   Brigitte S.
Healthy populations and access to health care services are significant factors influencing economic development and prosperity. Since geographic access is an essential feature of an overall health system, it is important for health service researchers to develop accurate measures of physical access to health. In this paper we develop a series of gravity-based health care accessibility measures for all the counties in Indiana. The measures go beyond local availability of health care services within a county and account for travel impedance via distance-discounted health care services accessible throughout the state. When applied to Indiana counties, the results show sharp disparities in health care accessibility with extensive pockets of poor accessibility...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Spatial accessibility; Health care; Geographic information systems (GIS); Health Economics and Policy; I12.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7329