Consulta: creatorFacets:"Wilson,   William W."
Registros recuperados: 165
Data/hora: 01/06/2024 13:46:58

ADDITIONALITY OF CREDIT GUARANTEES FOR U.S. WHEAT EXPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diersen,   Matthew A.; Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.; Satyanarayana,   Vidyashankara.
The value of credit guarantee programs has recently been called into question.  Credit guarantees are important marketing tools in the world wheat market, both to develop new markets and to compete in existing markets.  This study examines the additionality of export credit guarantees.  Empirical demand models were developed and estimated using pooled data among importing countries.  Models were estimated for each of the principal exporting countries providing export credit guarantees:  the United States, Canada and France.  Additionality of credit guarantees were also contrasted to the Export Enhancement Program.  Positive additionality was found for CCC guarantees, indicating that the GSM programs have resulted in additional exports that would not have...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Additionality; Export Credit Guarantees; Price Subsidy; GSM-102; EEP; Canada; United States; France; Agricultural Finance; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23425

LOGISTICAL STRATEGIES AND RISKS IN CANADIAN GRAIN MARKETING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.; Carlson,   Donald C.E.
Supply chain management in grain marketing has become very important with the maturity of the industry.  This is particularly important in the Canadian grain marketing system which has experienced disruptions for various reasons over many years.  These problems have been the topic of numerous industry evaluations, have resulted in a complaint about service obligations and recently have been addressed by the Estey Commission.  A detailed model of the supply chain in the Canadian grain logistics system was developed in this paper to evaluate factors that cause disruptions, as well as the effect of several important logistics and marketing strategies on system performance. The results indicated that in a normal year there is sufficient randomness throughout...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Grain Marketing; Transportation; Supply Chain Management; Logistics; Marketing.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23159

Economics of Dockage Removal in Barley: Background, Cleaning Costs, Handling, and Merchandising Practices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Scherping,   Daniel J.; Cobia,   David W.; Johnson,   D. Demcey.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23213

IMPORT TENDERS AND BIDDING STRATEGIES IN WHEAT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Bidding competition plays an important role in price discovery and the determination of suppliers in international grains.  In this paper we analyze international bidding competition for wheat for a specific importer.  Tender data over the period 1993-1999 were analyzed and bid functions estimated by class of wheat (hard red spring, hard amber durum, and hard red winter denoted as HRS, HAD, and HRW, respectively) and by selling firm.  A stochastic simulation model was developed to determine the optimal bid and to analyze factors affecting bidding behavior and competition. The tender data indicated there was a surprisingly wide range of bids. Variation of bids across firms submitted for individual HRS tenders had standard deviations that ranged from $5/mt...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Auction; Bidding; Wheat tenders; Optimal bid; U.S.; Canada; Marketing.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23285

Pricing and Marketing Practices for North Dakota Durum and HRS Wheat: 1990 Crop Year
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scherping,   Daniel J.; Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Marketing.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51199

HETEROSKEDASTICITY IN CROP YIELD MODELS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yang,   Seung-Ryong; Koo,   Won W.; Wilson,   William W.
This study examines three alternative models of correcting for heteroskedasticity in wheat yield: the time trend variance, the GARCH, and an econometric model that includes the potential sources of heteroskedasticity. Nonnested test results suggest that modeling the sources of heteroskedasticity is the preferred procedure. Including potential sources of heteroskedasticity as explanatory variables removed the heteroskedasticity in the sample wheat yields. The results also suggest that the GARCH specification is a promising model of correcting for heteroskedasticity when the sources cannot be identified. The time trend variance model alone may misspecify the true variance structure.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Production Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30738

Commercial and Producer Applications Using Options on Grain Futures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Satrom,   John P.; Chan,   Alfred K.; Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23431

PROCUREMENT RISKS AND STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE QUALITY CONSISTENCY IN WHEAT SHIPMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Consistency of functional characteristics in wheat is a concern confronting buyers and sellers.  This research analyzes the cost and risk of different procurement strategies for importers.  A stochastic simulation model is used to determine the  probability of a functional characteristic being satisfied subject to quality targets and costs for alternative purchase strategies (purchase by protein only, variety, location, variety by location, or functional tests).  Joint probabilities of meeting specifications and costs were determined for the alternative purchase strategies.  Stochastic dominance was used to determine which purchase strategies dominate others, and stochastic efficiency was utilized to determine the degree of preference.  Results indicate...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Buying Strategies; Location; Variety; Functional Characteristic Tests; Costs; Risks; Simulation; Stochastic Dominance; Crop Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23498

Wheat Cleaning Decisions at Country Elevators
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   D. Demcey; Scherping,   Daniel J.; Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Marketing.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23329

The Impact of Tariffs on U.S. Exports of Value-Added Wheat Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krause,   Joyce Hall; Wilson,   William W.; Dooley,   Frank J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23311

VALUATION OF NEW SPRING WHEAT VARIETIES: TRADEOFFS FOR GROWERS AND END-USERS (SUMMARY)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dahl,   Bruce L.; Wilson,   William W.; Johnson,   D. Demcey; Nganje,   William E.
Variety release decisions involve a number of tradeoffs, usually between grower and end-user characteristics as well as significant uncertainties about agronomic, quality, and economic variables.  In this study, methodologies were developed to value tradeoffs for grower and end-user characteristics for wheat.  The models capture effects of variability in agronomic, quality, and economic variables.   The models were applied for three experimental varieties which have since been released and for two hypothetical varieties.  Results indicate two of the experimental varieties provide improvements in grower and end-use value over most of the incumbents.   Comparison of a risk adjusted portfolio model consisting of characteristics of end-use and grower values...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Variety Development; Grower Value; End-user Value; North Dakota; Tradeoffs; Stochastic Dominance; Portfolio Value; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23590

Impacts of Wheat Export Strategies on Market Shares
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Yang,   Seung-Ryong.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23387

Intermodal Competition and Pricing in Grain Transportation: A Description and Comparison of Methods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Wilson,   Wesley W.; Koo,   Won W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Public Economics.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23194

STRATEGIC HEDGING FOR GRAIN PROCESSORS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Wagner,   Robert; Nganje,   William E.
Price risk management problems confronting grain processors differ somewhat from conventional motives for hedging.  There are two components of this problem that are addressed in this study.  One is the competitive characteristics of the processing sector, the structure and conduct of which ultimately determines the relationship between input and output prices.  In some cases, these are highly correlated and in others they are not.  The second refers to the hedge horizon, or, how far forward a firm should cover its inevitable short cash positions.  This study incorporates these two components of hedging into a mean-variance framework to evaluate how they impact price risk management decisions for processors.  A theoretical model is developed which is then...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Hedging; Optimal hedge ratios; Food processors; Risk management; Marketing.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23637

FORWARD SHIPPING OPTIONS FOR GRAIN BY RAIL: A STRATEGIC RISK ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Priewe,   Steven R.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
In the late 1980s, grain-hauling railroads began offering alternatives that have made shipping decisions more strategic. Shippers now confront alternatives ranging from nearby and unguaranteed ordering to various durations of forward and guaranteed shipment. Each has varying penalties for cancellation and payments from the railroad for nonperformance, and differing risks and payoffs. Because of the configuration of choices, shippers confront a portfolio of shipping alternatives. A dynamic stochastic simulation model was developed to analyze alternative strategies. The model includes the effects of uncertainties in tariff rate changes, car premiums, basis levels, forward and spot grain purchases, and receiving railcars under each of three alternatives....
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31201

The Price and Economic Impact of the Walhalla Ethanol Plant on the North Dakota Economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coon,   Randal C.; Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119571

TRANSPARENCY AND BIDDING COMPETITION IN INTERNATIONAL WHEAT TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.; Johnson,   D. Demcey.
One of the major trade policy problems identified by U.S. interests, including grower groups, traders, and policymakers, is that of pricing transparency.  This has been a gnawing issue  generally related to the pricing practices of competitor exporting countries with state trading enterprises (STEs).  The transparency problem generally refers to the inability to observe rivals' terms of trade (including price, quality, credit, etc.) and is normally associated with commercial exporters competing against STE rivals.  The perception being the less transparent competitors (STEs) would have a strategic advantage.  A game theory model of bidding competition was developed to simulate the effects of information asymmetry amongst rivals.  A Bayes-Nash equilibrium...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Price Transparency; Strategic Bidding; Game Theory; Bayesian-Nash; State Trading Enterprises; Export Enhancement Program; Wheat; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23403

ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT IN WHEAT AND BARLEY: 1993-2001
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nganje,   William E.; Kaitibie,   Simeon; Wilson,   William W.; Leistritz,   F. Larry; Bangsund,   Dean A.
Fusarium Head Blight (FHB), commonly known as scab, has been a severe problem for wheat and barley producers since 1993.  This study provides an update of economic losses suffered by wheat and barley producers in scab-affected regions in the United States.  Emphasis is placed on estimating direct and secondary economic impacts of yield and price losses suffered by wheat and barley producers from 1993 to 2001.   Nine states are included in the analysis for three wheat classes.  Three of the nine states were also used for the analysis of malting and feed barley.  The cumulative direct economic losses from FHB in hard red spring (HRS) wheat, soft red winter (SRW) wheat, durum wheat, and barley are estimated at $2.492 billion from 1993 through 2001.  The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Fusarium Head Blight; Scab; Vomitoxin; Crop losses; Wheat; Barley; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23627

GRADES/CLASSES OF HARD WHEATS EXPORTED FROM NORTH AMERICA: ANALYSIS OF DEMAND AND TRENDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dahl,   Bruce L.; Wilson,   William W.
Export patterns for U.S. and Canadian hard wheats (HAD, HRS, HRW, CWRS, and CWAD) were examined.  Analysis incorporated grade and non-grade factors from U.S. shipments and grades and classes of Canadian exports. Shift-share analysis was used to examine changes in market shares for classes and grades.  Cluster analysis was used to group importers of U.S. wheat classes based on like grade and non- grade factors of wheat shipments. Canada exports most of its hard wheat as No. 1, while the U.S. exports predominately No. 2 or better.  Classes experiencing increased market shares include HRS, CWRS, and CWAD.  U.S. HRS, HRW, and HAD all showed patterns of increasing market shares for No. 1 over lesser grades from the early 1980s to 1990s.   Importer comparisons...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23379

LOGISTICAL COSTS AND STRATEGIES FOR WHEAT SEGREGATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schlecht,   Shannon M.; Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Special segregations that provide unique qualities for end use products are being specified by buyers.  As users of wheat become more specific about quality, the number of quality segregations that the logistical pipeline must accommodate increases.  The additional cost of increased grain segregations will influence the optimal level of wheat variety segregations marketed in a supply chain.    The primary objective of this research is to develop a model that captures the logistical costs of increased grain segregations in the marketing system.  A simulation model was developed to add logistical uncertainty in demand, receipts, rail deliveries, and transit time.  Sensitivities were conducted on certain variables to determine their effects on logistical...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wheat; Segregations; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23507

Export Marketing Performance of Major Grain Trading Nations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120815

ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT IN WHEAT AND BARLEY: 1998-2000
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nganje,   William E.; Johnson,   D. Demcey; Wilson,   William W.; Leistritz,   F. Larry; Bangsund,   Dean A.; Tiapo,   Napoleon M.
Fusarium Head Blight (FHB), commonly known as scab, has been a severe problem for wheat and barley producers since 1993.  This study provides an update of economic losses suffered by wheat and barley producers in scab-affected regions in the United States.  Emphasis is placed on estimating direct and secondary economic impacts of yield and price losses suffered by wheat and barley producers from 1998 to 2000.   Nine states are included in the analysis for three wheat classes.  Three of the nine states were also used for the analysis of malting and feed barley.  The cumulative direct economic losses from FHB in hard red spring (HRS) wheat, soft red winter (SRW) wheat, durum wheat, and barley is estimated at $870 million from 1998 through 2000.  The combined...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Fusarium Head Blight; Scab; Vomitoxin; Crop losses; Wheat; Barley; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23515

Trait Stacking, Licensing, and Seed Firm Acquisitions on Genetically Modified Grains: A Strategic Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Huso,   Scott R.
Commercialization of genetically modified (GM) traits leads to interesting strategic questions for agbiotechnology and seed firms.  The purpose of the study is to evaluate equilibrium strategies of agbiotechnology and seed firms regarding commercialization of GM traits.  Two game theory models were developed to examine equilibrium strategies.  In the first, both agbiotechnology firms have commercialization strategies of licensing or not.  In the second, the agbiotechnology firm also has the strategic option to purchase a seed form as a commercialization strategy.  Results indicate that the equilibrium strategy would be for each of the agbiotechnology firms to license their traits, and the seed firm would release a stacked trait.  However, order of play...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Acquisition; Game theory; Genetically modified; Licensing; Trait commercialization; Trait stacking; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46560

CANADIAN TRANSPORTATION AND GRAIN HANDLING: ISSUES AFFECTING THE NORTH AMERICAN BARLEY SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Park,   Joon J.; Wilson,   William W.; Johnson,   D. Demcey.
The Canadian grain handling and transportation system has undergone substantial change in recent years, particularly since the elimination of rail subsidies in 1995. Competitive pressures and branch line abandonment have forced many primary elevators to close, while scores of new high-throughput elevators have been constructed across the Prairies. Rationalization of the grain handling system and proposals for further deregulation of rail transportation are driven by the need to improve system efficiency. Policy recommendations of the Estey Report (notably, the elimination of rail rate caps, and 'port buying' by the Canadian Wheat Board) would have important consequences for the grain trade and are contentious issues within Canada. Changes in grain...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Grain handling; Transportation; Barley; Canadian Wheat Board; Regulatory reform; Rationalization; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23158

Grain Contracting Strategies to Induce Delivery and Performance in Volatile Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
One of the impacts of higher prices along with greater volatility in futures and basis is that there is pressure for an escalation in cash contracting for grain. This volatility has resulted in an unprecedented level of contracting with growers in recent years. There is a wide array of cash contracts with varying terms. There is also a growing realization of growers not delivering on contracts, in part due to escalation in postcontract prices. These are evolving as major strategic issues for buyers and the marketing system, particularly as buyers seek to use such contracting strategies as an element of risk mitigation. There are three purposes of this article. First is to provide a broad survey of contract terms used in grain contracting with growers....
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Grain contracting; Risk; Volatility; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; C15; D81; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53082

MARKETING MECHANISMS TO FACILITATE CO-EXISTENCE OF GM AND NON-GM CROPS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henry,   Benjamin; Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Development of genetically modified (GM) and specialty crops has had a great impact on the grain handling industry during recent years. Added costs associated with handling these crops have become an important issue for grain handlers. For this study, data were collected from a survey of elevators in the Upper Midwest. The information focused on segregation practices, time requirements, and costs. This study shows the different costs (grading and handling) associated with segregation practices at the grain-handler level. The results revealed that the cost of modifying systems to handle GM is of major importance. A stochastic simulation model of an engineering cost function is developed to analyze costs for segregation and testing using results from the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Genetically modified crops; Identity preservation; Segregation; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23557

END-USER GAINS FROM INPUT CHARACTERISTICS IMPROVEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lambert,   David K.; Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Production Economics.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36400

VALUE-ADDED WHEAT PRODUCTS: ANALYSIS OF MARKETS AND COMPETITION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lou,   Jianqiang; Wilson,   William W.
This study evaluated the U.S. domestic market for bakery products and identified market size and growth rate by product segment.  The competitive structure and dynamics of the baking industry were analyzed including the geographic scope of the market, product structure, minimum efficient scale, processing consolidation, and entry/exit behavior.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bakery; Consumption; Industry; Competitive structure.; Marketing.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23315

MARKETING OF WHEAT ON A CONSTANT AND NIL MOISTURE BASIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
This study examined moisture specification practices in the United States and for major exporters and assessed impacts of changes to a nil or constant moisture basis on prices and revenue.  These were examined under scenarios where information on moisture in current prices is limited and under a scenario where current prices reflect Full Knowledge of moisture advantages.  Results indicate that changing to a nil moisture basis (which requires a subsequent adjustment in volumes to reflect the subtraction of moisture) would increase reported prices from 42 to 70 c/bu for the wheat classes, while changing to a 12 percent constant moisture basis would have limited impacts on reported prices.  Effects on relative prices/revenue depend on whether knowledge of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Moisture; Specifications; Pricing; Wheat; Constant moisture; Nil moisture; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23638

LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES IN GRAIN EXPORTING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Carlson,   Donald C.E.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
During the past decade, the grain shipping industry has become highly competitive and technologically advanced.  These changes, along with the introduction of innovative shipping mechanisms, have made logistics management an important source of opportunity and risk for grain shippers. In this study, a stochastic simulation model was developed to evaluate the tradeoffs and effects of key variables on logistical performance in managing the grain supply chain.  Average demurrage cost for the supply chain was $2.03 million with the greatest cost being for railcars and the least cost being for barges.  Of the stochastic variables modeled, changes in export demand had the greatest impact on demurrage costs.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Supply Chain; Grain Shipping; Logistics; Demurrage; Guaranteed Freight; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23614

Russian Grain Trading and Marketing: Evolution and Struggles
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Belozertsev,   Alexander.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121148

Repeat Purchase and Switching Probabilities in the International Wheat Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Lau,   Kin-Nam.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121650

VALUE-ADDED WHEAT PRODUCT TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Onnen,   Jennifer M.; Wilson,   William W.
This study evaluated international trade of value-added wheat products.  Analyzed were market size and growth rate by country for each product group.  Shift share analysis was used to examine changes in market shares for each value-added wheat product group. Major international exporters were identified for each product group, and market shares held by the major exporters for specific importing markets were analyzed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bakery; International trade; Market size; Market growth; Shift-share analysis; Market share; Exports; Value-added.; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23259

WHEAT CLEANING DECISIONS AT COUNTRY ELEVATORS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   D. Demcey; Wilson,   William W.
This article presents a mathematical programming model of wheat cleaning and blending decisions at a country elevator. Simulations are performed to illustrate the sensitivity of cleaning to selected variables, including the value of screenings, transportation costs, and market discounts for excess dockage.  In addition, the model is used to assess the impact of including dockage in the grade standards for wheat.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30967

Seasonal Behavior of Marketing Patterns for Grain from North Dakota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Crabtree,   John A.
Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute Report No.38
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23144

Grain Contracting Strategies to Induce Delivery and Performance in Volatile Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.
One of the impacts of higher prices along with greater volatility in futures and basis is that there is pressure for an escalation in cash contracting for grain. This volatility has resulted in an unprecedented level of contracting with growers for specific purchases in recent years. There is a wide array of cash contracts with varying terms. Beyond that array, there is also a growing realization of growers not delivering on contracts, in part due to escalation in post-contract prices. This realization is evolving as a major strategic issue for buyers and the marketing system, particularly as buyers seek to use such contracting strategies as an element of risk mitigation. There are three purposes of this article. First is to provide a broad survey of...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Financial Economics; C15; D81; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55084

OPTIMAL TESTING STRATEGIES FOR GENETICALLY MODIFIED WHEAT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Jabs,   Eric J.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
A stochastic optimization model was developed to determine optimal testing strategies, costs, and risks of a dual marketing system.  The model chooses the testing strategy (application, intensity, and tolerance) that maximizes utility (minimizes disutility) of additional system costs due to testing and quality loss and allows simulation of the risk premium required to induce grain handlers to undertake a dual marketing system versus a Non-GM system.  Cost elements including those related to testing, quality loss, and a risk premium were estimated for a model representing a grain export chain.  Uncertainties were incorporated and include test accuracy, risk of adventitious commingling throughout, and variety declaration.  Sensitivities were performed for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Segregation; Testing; Tolerance; Genetically Modified; Wheat; Risk Premium; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23605

WELFARE IMPLICATIONS OF INTRODUCING BIOTECH TRAITS IN A MARKET WITH SEGMENTS AND SEGREGATION COSTS: THE CASE OF ROUNDUP READY® WHEAT--SUMMARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; DeVuyst,   Eric A.; Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Roundup Ready® Wheat (RRW) was one of the first genetically modified (GM) traits for the wheat sector and was under review by regulatory agencies in the United States and Canada when Monsanto withdrew it from further consideration.  There are a multitude of issues associated with the ex ante evaluation of this decision.  These include market acceptance and segregation, as well as the varying sources of cost savings and productivity gains.  In this article, we develop a spatial partial equilibrium model of the higher-protein hard wheat market and assess the changes in the distribution of welfare associated with release and adoption of RRW.   It incorporates segments for GM aversion in each market and segregation costs for each segment.  Major conclusions...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Genetically modified grains; Welfare analysis; Wheat; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23611

WHEAT CHARACTERISTIC DEMAND AND IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED GRAINS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Janzen,   Edward L.; Mattson,   Jeremy W.; Wilson,   William W.
Agricultural biotechnology is advancing rapidly and is embracing all major crops.  The adoption of genetically modified corn, soybeans, and cotton have reached high levels in the United States.  Wheat is the next major crop confronting the biotechnology issue, but no commercial varieties of genetically modified (GM) wheat have been released yet.  Primary opportunities for GM developments in wheat center around improvements that meet consumer and end-user needs/issues in addition to meeting producer efficiencies.  Developers and proponents of GM wheat must focus on education of consumers and restoration of worldwide confidence in the regulatory systems.  The most desired wheat quality trait among millers and bakers is the assurance of consistent quality.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wheat; Wheat-based foods; Agricultural biotechnology; Genetically modified; GM; Herbicide-tolerant; Functional foods; Nutraceuticals.; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23508

ADDITIONALITY OF CREDIT GUARANTEES FOR U.S. WHEAT EXPORTS; SUMMARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diersen,   Matthew A.; Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.; Satyanarayana,   Vidyashankara.
The value of credit guarantee programs has recently been called into question.  Credit guarantees are important marketing tools in the world wheat market, both to develop new markets and to compete in existing markets.  This study examines the additionality of export credit guarantees.  Empirical demand models were developed and estimated using pooled data among importing countries.  Models were estimated for each of the principal exporting countries providing export credit guarantees:  the United States, Canada and France.  Additionality of credit guarantees were also contrasted to the Export Enhancement Program.  Positive additionality was found for CCC guarantees, indicating that the GSM programs have resulted in additional exports that would not have...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Additionality; Export Credit Guarantees; Price Subsidy; GSM-102; EEP; Canada; United States; France; Agricultural Finance; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23240

TRANSNATIONAL GRAIN FIRMS: EVOLUTION AND STRATEGIES IN NORTH AMERICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
The grain trading industry has changed radically during the past two decades. This report describes these changes in detail. First, dynamics of the major fundamental changes are described. Second, the extent and nature of structural changes in the grain handling industry are analyzed. Changes in the transnational grain exporting industry are analyzed and described as well as the implications of privatization of grain importing functions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Grain trading; Exporting; Grain industry; Transnational; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23278

Pricing and Marketing Practices for North Dakota Durum and HRS Wheat 1986 Crop Year
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Clow,   Bradley B.; Wilson,   William W.; Heilman,   Rebecca.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Marketing.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119569

PARTICIPATION AND LEARNING IN AUCTIONS: BIDDING DECISIONS IN EGYPTIAN OILSEED AUCTIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Wilson,   Wesley W.
Auctions are common mechanisms for identifying prices and suppliers of commodities and are particularly important in agricultural marketing.  Information asymmetries among bidders may be ameliorated over time through some form of learning.  In this study, we incorporate prior decisions to participate, information from previous auctions, and firm-specific attributes to explain both the decision to bid and the level of the bid.  Our analysis uses data from Egyptian oilseed tenders, an important market both for oilseeds and tendering.  Because of the unbalanced nature of the panel data, we are able to evaluate the effects of signals received from previous tenders.  We find that firms learn from previous auctions and can gain an informational advantage through...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Auction; Bidding; Tenders; Optimal bids; Learning; Marketing.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23647

Financial and Operating Performance of Cooperative Unit-Train Shippers in North Dakota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Clow,   Bradley B.; Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Marketing.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23114

Wheat Cleaning Costs and Grain Merchandising
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scherping,   Daniel J.; Cobia,   David W.; Johnson,   D. Demcey; Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23154

ESTIMATION OF MODAL DEMAND ELASTICITIES IN GRAIN TRANSPORTATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.
Recent legislation in the transportation industry has stimulated a move toward more flexibility in railroad pricing and has consequently provided the impetus for the analysis of transportation demand.  Modal demands for grain transportation are analyzed in this paper using a derived demand approach assuming dual relationships between production and cost functions of shippers' distribution activities.  Hypotheses were introduced in the empirical specification about the effects of rail car shortages and the introduction of multiple-car rail rates.  The model was estimated and hypotheses tested in the case of eastbound wheat and barley shipments form North Dakota.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Public Economics.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32135

Pricing Adjustments for Durum and HRS Wheat in North Dakota (1985)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gunn,   Steven P.; Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120459

Factors Affecting Post Harvest Changes in Grain Prices Received By North Dakota Producers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23160

FORWARD SHIPPING OPTIONS FOR GRAIN BY RAIL: A STRATEGIC RISK ANALYSIS; SUMMARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Priewe,   Steven R.; Wilson,   William W.
Grain hauling railroads began offering shipping alternatives in the late 1980s that have made transportation decisions more strategic. Shippers now confront alternatives ranging from nearby and unguaranteed ordering to various durations of forward and guaranteed shipment.  A dynamic stochastic simulation model was developed to analyze grain shipping and merchandising strategies that integrate these alternatives.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Railroads; Grain merchandising; Logistics; Simulation; Risk analysis; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23256

PRODUCTION RISK AND CROP INSURANCE IN MALTING BARLEY: A STOCHASTIC DOMINANCE ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gustafson,   Cole R.; Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Malt barley is an important specialty crop in the Northern Plains and growers mitigate risk with federally subsidized crop insurance and production contracts.  However, growers face considerable risk due to "“coverage gaps"” in crop insurance that result in uncertain indemnity payments due to uncertainty of their crop meeting contract specifications.  A stochastic dominance model is developed to evaluate alternative risk efficient strategies for growers with differing risk attitudes and production practices (irrigation vs. dryland).  Results show that efficient choices are highly dependent on risk attitudes for dryland growers, but not irrigated growers.  Sensitivities with respect to acceptance risk and level of crop insurance subsidization are presented....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop insurance; Malting barley; Stochastic dominance; Stochastic efficiency; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21095

COSTS AND RISKS OF CONFORMING TO EU TRACEABILITY REQUIREMENTS: THE CASE OF HARD RED SPRING WHEAT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Henry,   Xavier; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Stochastic simulation was used to determine the marginal cost and optimal testing strategy (location and intensity) for an integrator conforming to proposed European Union traceability requirements for imported hard red spring wheat.  Cost, risks and premiums were determined for exports of non-genetically modified (non-GM) wheat from the U.S. to the EU.  Cost components include certified seed, certification and auditing, testing, traceability, quality loss, and a risk premium for the added risk of a dual traceability system over a single non-traceability system.  The optimal strategy is the one that maximizes the integrator's utility (minimizes disutility of integrator's additional costs).  Adventitious commingling is defined stochastically.  Results...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Traceability; Genetically modified; Hard red spring wheat; European Union requirements; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23484

Credit Guarantee Programs in International Grain Markets: Background and Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dahl,   Bruce L.; Johnson,   D. Demcey; Wilson,   William W.; Gustafson,   Cole R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23331

LOGISTICAL COSTS AND RISKS OF MARKETING GENETICALLY MODIFIED WHEAT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schlecht,   Shannon M.; Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Genetically modified (GM) grains have increased in importance.  Moving biotech grains from producers to processors is a challenge for the grain handling system that could involve increased segregations.  The objective of this research is to determine how testing strategies affect the logistical costs of a grain pipeline when GM wheat is present.  A logistical model was developed and simulated to analyze impacts of uncertainty in demand, receipts, test accuracy, rail deliveries, and transit time.  Sensitivities were conducted on certain variables to determine their effects on logistical costs.  Analysis revealed that logistical costs are impacted by the number of quality categories and uncertainties in the system.  Adding GM grains increased costs due to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Genetically Modified (GM) Grains; Logistical Costs; Testing; Risk; Segregation; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23581

Pricing and Marketing Practices for North Dakota Durum and HRS Wheat: 1991 Crop Year
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scherping,   Daniel J.; Wilson,   William W.
Buyers of grain use premiums and discounts to convey to suppliers the value of quality characteristics. Premiums and discounts are determined by supply and demand for those quality characteristics. This report, the eighth in a series, contains the results of a 1991 survey of pricing and marketing practices used by North Dakota country elevators for durum and hard red spring (HRS) wheat. Results for HRS wheat show that the protein level increased to the highs of 1988 and 1989 and that the premium for 16 percent protein and the discount for 12 percent protein decreased from the previous year. Discounts continued the downward trend of recent years.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51191

Contracting for Canola in the Great Plains States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Canola has become an important crop in the last decade in the U.S. Production of canola is risky and competes with other crops which have a range of risk reduction mechanisms. Alternative contracting strategies were evaluated by comparing returns to labor and management for growers and gross margins for processors. Alternative contracting strategies included no contract, fixed price with and without act of god provisions, and an oil premium contract. Grower returns and processor gross margins were simulated and resulting distributions were evaluated using stochastic efficiency with respect to a function. We estimated certainty equivalents and ranked contract preferences for both growers and processors by region in North Dakota. Grower and processor risk...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Canola; Grower; Processor; Contracting; Risk; Stochastic Efficiency (SERF).; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95751

PROCUREMENT STRATEGIES: IMPACTS OF QUALITY RISKS IN HARD WHEAT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.; Johnson,   D. Demcey.
Analytical models were developed in this paper to evaluate cost/risk tradeoffs of three alternative procurement strategies in the case of hard red spring (HRS) wheat. Results indicate a naive strategy has the lowest expected cost, but a high probability of not conforming to end-use requirements. Two alternative specifications for the constant share strategy result in higher probabilities of meeting requirements, but at higher costs. The opportunistic strategy results in a higher probability of meeting requirements than either of the other two alternative strategies at a comparable cost.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36364

INCENTIVE CONTRACTS TO MEET FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS IN WHEAT PURCHASING -- SUMMARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Maxwell,   Brett J.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Consistency of functional characteristics in hard red spring (HRS) wheat is a concern confronting sellers and buyers.  This research analyzes contract incentives for importers with respect to cost and potential risk of acceptance.  A principal-agent framework is utilized to examine contract incentives.  In the principal-agent contract, the principal offers the contract, the agent rejects or accepts the contract, and then decides how much effort to apply.  All this is subject to risk for the agent and moral hazard for the principal.  An example is presented, for which equilibrium contract terms are a base price of 454 cents per bushel for low quality wheat and a premium of 36 cents per bushel if high quality is achieved.  The premium for high quality is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Incentive Contact; Functional Characteristic; Wheat; Principal-Agent; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23559

Price Relationships between Hard Red Spring and Hard Red Winter Wheats in the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Berg,   David A.
Price differentials for Hard Red Spring and Hard Red Winter wheat of different protein levels are examined in this study.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23242

DIFFERENTIATION AND IMPLICIT PRICES IN EXPORT WHEAT MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.
This paper describes the extent and characteristics of differentiation in the international wheat market.  Results indicate that the degree of differentiation has increased in the last 15 years.  A hedonic price function is specified and estimated to examine implicit prices for characteristics and their changes through time.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32459

FORWARD SHIPPING OPTIONS FOR GRAIN BY RAIL: A STRATEGIC RISK ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Priewe,   Steven R.; Wilson,   William W.
Grain hauling railroads began offering shipping alternatives in the late 1980s that have made transportation decisions more strategic. Shippers now confront alternatives ranging from nearby and unguaranteed ordering to various durations of forward and guaranteed shipment.  A dynamic stochastic simulation model was developed to analyze grain shipping and merchandising strategies that integrate these alternatives.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Railroads; Grain merchandising; Logistics; Simulation; Risk analysis; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23414

Competitive Bidding, Information and Exporter Competition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Preszler,   Todd; Wilson,   William W.; Johnson,   D. Demcey.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121380

Quality Uncertainty and Grain Merchandising Risk: Vomitoxin in Spring Wheat
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diersen,   Matthew A.; Wilson,   William W.; Johnson,   D. Demcey.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23365

TRANSNATIONAL GRAIN COMPANIES: EVOLUTION AND STRATEGIES IN NORTH AMERICA; SUMMARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
The grain trading industry has changed radically during the past two decades. This report describes these changes in detail. First, dynamics of the major fundamental changes are described. Second, the extent and nature of structural changes in the grain handling industry are analyzed. Changes in the transnational grain exporting industry are analyzed and described as well as the implications of privatization of grain importing functions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Grain trading; Exporting; Grain industry; Transnational; Industrial Organization; Agribusiness.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23254

Valuing Option Provisions for Export Credit Guarantees
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dahl,   Bruce L.; Wilson,   William W.; Gustafson,   Cole R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23269

COSTS AND RISKS OF TESTING AND SEGREGATING GM WHEAT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Development of genetically modified crops is challenging the functions of the grain marketing system with many participants arguing for Identity Preservation systems prior to release of GM varieties.  In this study, a stochastic optimization model was developed to determine optimal testing strategies.  The model chooses the optimal testing strategy that maximizes utility (minimizes disutility) of additional system costs due to testing and rejection and allows estimation of the risk premium required for sellers to undertake a dual marketing system with GM/Non-GM segregations over the current Non-GM system.  Elements of costs (testing costs, rejection costs, and risk premium) were estimated for a base model representing a grain export chain.  The model...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Genetically modified organisms; Biotechnology; Wheat; Risk; Segregation; Identity preservation; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23480

ISSUES IN DEVELOPMENT AND ADOPTION OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED (GM) WHEATS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Janzen,   Edward L.; Dahl,   Bruce L.; Wachenheim,   Cheryl J.
Development of genetically modified (GM) wheat varieties is proceeding; however, several critical issues remain the focus of contention.  This project summarizes the current state of knowledge on some of these critical issues for commercialization of GM wheats.  Background on the evolution of GM Wheats is presented.  Then, agronomic adoption and competitiveness of GM crops; research on GM traits in wheat; consumer acceptance of GM crops (a separate section is included on issues related to consumer acceptance of GM crops); regulatory issues and status; international trade; testing, segregation, and identity preservation; and production and marketing risks are examined.  Finally, there is a description of the likely marketing system to evolve and a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wheat; Genetic modification; Transgenic; Marketing; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23497

Quality Differences and Price Responsiveness of Wheat Class Demands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Gallagher,   Paul W.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Production Economics.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121426

COMPARING END-USE VALUES FOR NORTH DAKOTA HARD RED SPRING WHEAT VARIETIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lambert,   David K.; Wilson,   William W.
Markets for agricultural products may be inefficient when signals do not adequately reflect product characteristics important to market participants.  Although preferences can be explicitly stated through price premiums or characteristic values can be determined via hedonic methods, the problem is compounded when product quality information is costly to obtain.  Bundling of quality traits by variety can serve to signal product quality.  A procedure is developed in this paper to derive the value of different varieties in meeting buyer demands.  An application to the hard red spring market wheat both validates the ability of the procedure to distinguish among varieties, as well as provides empirical support to the existence of Akerlof's lemon market in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural markets; Product quality; Distance functions; Wheat; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23657

PRODUCER CONTRACT STRATEGIES IN GM CROPS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maxwell,   Brett J.; Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
A number of challenges exist for genetically modified (GM) crop development at the production level.  Contract strategies can resolve some of  these challenges.  Contracts can be designed to induce legal adoption of GM crops by varying technology fees, violation detection, and penalties.  The objective of this research is to analyze contracting strategies to determine terms to induce legal adoption of GM wheat and to minimize technology agreement violations.  A simulation model of the prospective introduction of GM technology into hard red spring wheat was developed.  Results illustrate that contracts can be designed to induce desired behavior.  Technology fees, probability of detection, and the level of non-GM premium were the most notable factors...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Contracts; Genetically modified crops; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23534

U.S. GRAIN HANDLING AND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE DYNAMIC CHANGES IN THE 1980S AND 1990S
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.
This paper describes the important changes that occurred in the U.S. grain handling and transportation system in the period following deregulation in 1980. This system has evolved and will continue to do so in response to technological and institutional changes, competitive pressures and a changed regulatory regime. The effect has been to induce investments throughout the system ultimately to improve the efficiency. Some of the important rail innovations include the use of rate discounts to induce more efficient movements from origins first, and more recently at destinations. In addition, each railroad has adopted car allocation systems comprising of several mechanisms, giving shippers logistical choices which have also facilitated more efficient...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Transportation; Grain; Logistics; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23081

Quality and Price Competition in the International Wheat Market: A Case Study of the U.K. Wheat Import Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Preszler,   Todd.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121654

Barley Production and Marketing in the United States and Canada
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Marketing.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120760

Grain Contracting Strategies: The Case of Durum Wheat (Summary)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
One of the impacts of higher prices along with greater volatility in futures, basis and spreads is that there is pressure for greater use of cash contracts for grain. Indeed there has been growth in contracting for a number of competing crops in recent years. There is a wide array of cash contracts with varying terms that pose major strategic alternatives for buyers and the marketing system, particularly as buyers seek to use contracting as an element of risk mitigation. Durum is a crop where many of these issues and challenges are apparent. Durum is more risky than competing crops. There is greater price and yield risk as well as quality risk, and in contrast to competing crops, futures do not exist, cross hedging is poor and forward contracting has been...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55120

Global Import Demand for Value-Added Wheat Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krause,   Joyce Hall; Dooley,   Frank J.; Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23283

WHITE WHEAT MARKET AND STRATEGY ANALYSIS FOR NORTH DAKOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Janzen,   Edward L.; Wilson,   William W.
There is a growing interest and a perceived demand for hard white (HW) wheat to satisfy the needs of the growing Asian noodle market which is currently dominated by Australia.  The wheat industry is reviewed with attention to U.S. and Australian production and international markets for white wheat.  Quality issues and target markets/market development are discussed.  Economic issues associated with production of HW wheat in hard red spring (HRS) wheat producing areas, primarily North Dakota, are explored with emphasis on agronomic issues, segregation and handling costs, yield factors, and price premiums.  At present, the development of HW wheat in North Dakota must focus on yield improvements and the development of a robust HW wheat adaptable to climatic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Hard white (HW) wheat; Wheat breeding; Wheat quality; Wheat markets; Wheat end uses; Agronomics; Yield; Price premiums; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23613

End-Use Performance Uncertainty and Competition in International Wheat Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Preszler,   Todd.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121419

Hedging Effectiveness of U.S. Wheat Futures Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.
Futures markets as a tool for risk management have become increasingly important in recent years. The effectiveness of hedging in the U.S. wheat futures market is evaluated in this study.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23215

DEREGULATION AND INNOVATION IN RAILROAD SHIPPING OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES: 1972-1995
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   Wesley W.; Wilson,   William W.
This paper describes the important changes that occurred in the U.S. grain handling and transportation system in the period following deregulation in 1980.  This system has evolved and will continue to do so in response to technological and institutional changes, competitive pressures, and a changed regulatory regime.  The effect has been to induce investments throughout the system ultimately to improve the efficiency.  Some of the important rail innovations include the use of rate discounts to induce more efficient movements from origins first, and more recently at destinations.  In addition, each railroad has adopted car allocation systems comprising several mechanisms, giving shippers logistical choices which have also facilitated more efficient...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Transportation; Grain; Logistics; Public Economics.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23090

PRICE RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR GRAIN IMPORTERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Wagner,   Robert.
The presence of multiple sources of uncertainty complicates hedging decisions.  One of these is the output price and its correlation with input prices.  The other is how far forward a firm covers its positions.  This study analyzes hedging strategies for grain importers as processors.  The analytical model addresses questions of the hedge horizon and accounts for the correlation between input and output prices and exchange rate risk.  A theoretical model was developed explicitly modeling the operations of a grain importing firm.  The concept of strategic demand for hedging was developed in the context of an analytical model, representing the adjustment in hedge ratios in relation to the hedge horizon and input-output price correlations.  Results indicated...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Price risk uncertainty; Hedging; Grain; Importers; International Relations/Trade; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23665

THE LOGISTICAL COSTS OF MARKETING IDENTITY PRESERVED WHEAT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
This study examines prospective additional costs associated with identity preserved (IP) transactions and their allocation among participants in the wheat marketing system (farmers, grain handlers, and millers).  Cost allocations for participants are computed across a range of potential specifications for IP transactions.  As strategies become more specific (moved toward either location, variety, or variety and location), the probability of lots meeting quality specifications for the desired end-use characteristic (absorption) generally increased and changes in costs for mills declined.  The exception is for strategies that include varieties which involve a premium paid by millers.  As strategies become more specific, higher economic costs are imposed on...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Identity preserved; Wheat; Quality; Growers; Grain handlers; End-users; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23526

FUNDAMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING WORLD GRAIN TRADE IN THE NEXT TWO DECADES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Replaced with corrected version of paper 04/04/08.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23516

Grower Response to Contracts and Risk in Genetically Modified (GM) Crops
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.; Maxwell,   Brett J.
Contract strategies can resolve some of the challenges that exist for property rights conformance of genetically modified (GM) crops. The purpose of this research is to determine how contract terms impact adoption decisions related to GM grain production and marketing. A simulation model was developed for prospective GM introduction in hard red spring (HRS) wheat, and distributions of net returns for growers were analyzed using stochastic dominance and stochastic efficiency. Results illustrate that contracts can be designed to induce desired behavior. Technology fees, probabilities of detection, and the level of non-GM premiums were the most notable factors influencing adoption decisions. In addition, point-of-delivery pricing and premiums for non-GM...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Adoption risk; GM crops; Incentives contracting; Stochastic dominance; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8593

Use of Agricultural Options Among North Dakota Country Elevators (December 1985)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gunn,   Steven P.; Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120446

CONSISTENCY OF QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS IN HARD RED SPRING WHEATS; SUMMARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dahl,   Bruce L.; Wilson,   William W.
Greater sophistication of buyers in the wheat market has increased demands for higher quality wheats and focused attention on the consistency of the quality of wheat purchased.  In this study, the variability of wheat quality characteristics was examined at different stages of the marketing chain.  Variability was measured by variety and at farm and export levels.  Comparisons were made with Canada where similar data were available.  Different measures of variability were utilized where data were available.   Inter-year variability, intra-year variability, and within-lot variability of wheat quality characteristics were measured at different points in the wheat marketing chain in the United States and Canada.  Variability of many characteristics was...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Quality; Consistency; Quality Variability; Wheat Export Quality; Farm Production Quality; Wheat Variety Quality; Canada; United States; Production Economics.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23305

Proceedings of a Symposium on Competitiveness of U.S. Grains in International Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119582

FACTORS AFFECTING THE SUPPLY OF QUALITY SPRING WHEATS: COMPARISONS BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dahl,   Bruce L.; Wilson,   William W.
The demand for high quality hard wheats has been increasing.  In this paper, factors affecting the supply and consistency of high quality wheats in Canada and North Dakota were compared and contrasted.  Differences exist in the development and release of new varieties which affect the number and quality of hard wheats produced.  Variety numbers and concentration were examined with a range of measures.   Wheat area in Canada was found to be concentrated in fewer varieties than in North Dakota.  These results were more apparent for durum than for hard red spring wheats. However, there was a trend toward more concentration in North Dakota and less in Canada.  Protein, yield, and trade-offs were compared. Alberta appears to have a comparative advantage in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Varieties; HRS; Supply; Protein; Yields; Variety Adoption; End-use Quality; Variety Release; United States; Canada; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23218

EVALUATION OF CHANGES IN GRADE SPECIFICATIONS FOR DOCKAGE IN WHEAT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Dockage levels in U.S. wheat exports have been a continuing concern.  Recent proposals have focused on changes in U.S. grain standards that would include dockage limits.  In this report, dockage trends and practices were documented and effects of prospective changes evaluated.  Results indicate the marketing system is currently working effectively with costs of extra cleaning being borne partly by buyers, elevators, and to some extent farmers.  Suggested mandates would increase cleaning and result in increased costs (ultimately discounts to growers) and potentially in shifts in grades purchased.  Proposed changes in grain standards are also a departure from the generally followed approach to regulation in the United States.  In this case, a regulation is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wheat; Grades; Classification; Dockage; Cleaning; Wheat Exports; Premiums; Discounts; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23624

Pricing Systems of Trainloading Country Elevator Cooperatives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cobia,   David W.; Wilson,   William W.; Gunn,   Steven P.; Coon,   Randal C.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Agribusiness.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23182

CONTRACTING STRATEGIES FOR EU TRACEABILITY REQUIREMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
A principal-agent problem was specified to define the equilibrium solution of a contracting strategy for a U.S. supplier exporting wheat to meet EU traceability requirements.  The buyer (principal) offers a contract, the supplier (agent) accepts the contract, and then the supplier decides whether to offer a contract to the farmer.  Nature at each level of the supply chain represents uncertainty due to adventitious commingling and imperfect information.  Results indicate farmers would require 9 c/bu and suppliers 8 c/bu to induce their participation in the contracting strategy.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Traceability; Principal-Agent; Contracting; Genetically Modified; Wheat; European Union; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23535

Heteroskedasticity in Crop Yield Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yang,   Seung-Ryong; Koo,   Won W.; Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121402

North American Barley Trade and Competition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   D. Demcey; Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23475

WORLD MALT AND MALTING BARLEY: COMPETITION, MARKETING, AND TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Satyanarayana,   Vidyashankara; Wilson,   William W.; Johnson,   D. Demcey; Dooley,   Frank J.
Recent trends in production marketing, trade, and policies affecting world malting barley and malt sector are examined.  A spatial equilibrium model of production and trade is used to assess the effects of alternative levels of supply, demand, and policy variables on composition and direction of malting barley and malt trade flows.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Malting barley; Malt; Beer; Trade; Spatial equilibrium; Marketing; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23444

Measuring the Impact of Dockage on Foreign Demand for U.S. Wheat
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   D. Demcey; Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23172

GRAIN QUALITY AND NORTH AMERICAN HARD WHEAT EXPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Past debate on competition and quality in international wheat markets has focused on class and country of origin as the salient source of differentiation. This study analyzes changes in demand for both wheat classes and grades. Comparisons are made between Canadian and U.S. hard wheats, principal competitors in the hard wheat market. Both countries are dominant producers of Hard Red Spring Wheat (HRS in the United States and Canadian Western Red Spring [CWRS] in Canada); the United States is the dominant producer of Hard Red Winter (HRW); and both countries are large producers of durum (Hard Amber Durum [HAD] in the United States and Canadian Western Amber Durum [CWAD] in Canada). Due to the indigenous similarities among these wheats, the competitive...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Grain quality; Wheat exports; Wheat markets; International Relations/Trade; F1; Q1.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29249

Pricing and Marketing Practices for North Dakota Durum and HRS Wheat 1987 Crop Year
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Clow,   Bradley B.; Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119551

ECONOMIC IMPACT OF SCAB WITH ALTERNATIVE RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGY: THE CASE OF CROP QUALITY INSURANCE IN BARLEY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nganje,   William E.; Tiapo,   Napoleon M.; Wilson,   William W.
Managing quality risks, especially grain quality, has been a challenge facing farmers, grain merchandisers, and policymakers for many years.  With the advent of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), food safety, and identity preservation, this is even more challenging today.  In this paper, an equilibrium crop insurance model was developed and used to analyze the impact of quality risks on equilibrium coverage levels and risk premiums that suppliers of insurance and barley producers would be willing to provide when yield and revenue insurance instruments explicitly incorporate quality risks.  The asking price concept and sensitivity analysis were used to evaluate farmers' behavior after they purchase crop quality insurance and to provide guidance and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop insurance; Equilibrium coverage levels; Fusarium Head Blight; Premium rates; Quality risks; Risk aversion; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23641

Pricing and Marketing Practices for North Dakota Durum and HRS Wheat: 1990 Crop Year
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scherping,   Daniel J.; Wilson,   William W.
Cash grain markets have premiums and discounts for quality characteristics that are important to individual market participants. Premiums and discounts are determined by and change with the supply and demand for those quality characteristics. This seventh annual report contains the results of the 1990 survey of the pricing and marketing practices of North Dakota country elevators for durum and hard red spring (HRS) wheat. The results show that the HRS wheat protein levels fell from their 1988 and 1989 highs, and that the protein premium for HRS wheat increased over the past year. Discounts have generally become less since 1988 for both HRS and durum wheat.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51200

Price/Quality Relationships in the Malting Barley Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Crabtree,   John A.
The relationship between prices and quality variables is an important area of research particularly for the more specialized commodities. Price quality relationships are analyzed in this study in the case of malting barley.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23188

Importer Loyalty in International Wheat Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Koo,   Won W.; Carter,   Colin A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23468

SPATIAL COMPETITION AND ETHANOL PLANT LOCATION DECISIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sarmiento,   Camilo; Wilson,   William W.
This article estimates factors that impact location decisions by new ethanol plants using logistic regression analysis and spatial correlation techniques. The results indicate that location decisions are impacted by the agricultural characteristics of a county, competition, and state-level subsidies. Spatial competition is particularly important. Existence of a competing ethanol plant reduces the likelihood of making a positive location decision and this impact decreases with distance. State-level subsidies are significant and a very important factor impacting ethanol location decisions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Location decisions; Spatial correlation; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6175

STRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF TRAIT COMMERCIALIZATION IN GENETICALLY MODIFIED (GM) GRAINS: THE CASE OF GM WHEAT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huso,   Scott R.; Wilson,   William W.
The prospective commercialization of GM traits leads to several strategic questions for agbiotechnology and seed firms.  Important issues addressed in this study include the method of trait commercialization by agbiotechnology firms and variety production decisions by seed firms.  Specifically, agbiotechnology firms must decide whether to license their traits to seed firms, to purchase a seed firm, or to not license or release their traits.  These issues are highly strategic. The purpose of this study was to determine equilibrium strategies of agbiotechnology and seed firms regarding the prospective commercialization of two GM traits.  Two game theory models were developed to examine equilibrium strategies in two different scenarios.  In the first model,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Genetically modified grains; Wheat; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23632

Pricing and Marketing Practices for North Dakota Durum and HRS Wheat 1988 Crop Year
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Marketing.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119535

Valuing Private Sector Incentives to Invest in Food Protection Measures in the Milk and Green Onion Sectors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lewis,   Andrew; Nganje,   William E.; Mattson,   Jeremy W.; Miljkovic,   Dragan; Wilson,   William W.
This study provides a framework to value investment strategies to mitigate possible agro-terrorism occurrences in the food supply chain and to determine where these investments would reduce the most risk.  This framework is applied to two food sectors that could be at risk: milk and green onions.  Stochastic optimization is used to determine the costs and risk premiums of alternative tracking strategies.  The real options method along with a portfolio of options, also referred to as the "tomato garden" framework, is used to determine where and when alternative intervention strategies should be implemented to reduce the most risk.  Finally, policy implications are derived on the cost-risk tradeoffs, probability of attacks, and containment efforts if there...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agro-terrorism; Stochastic optimization; Real options; Game theory; Milk; Green onions; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7630

HEDONIC PRICES IN THE MALTING BARLEY MARKET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.
An important characteristic in the malting barley market is the multitude of quality variables which affect the value of particular samples.  The purpose of this study was to estimate implicit (or hedonic) prices for selected quality factors.  An econometric model was used to analyze factors affecting the variability in malting barley prices, and to estimate implicit prices for plumpness and protein.  The results indicate that a change may be evolving in the price determination process for malting barley.  In particular, the feed grains sector has had increasingly less effect on malting barley prices in recent years.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Marketing.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32379

Impacts of Trade and Agricultural Policies on the World Malt and Malting Barley Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Satyanarayana,   Vidyashankara; Wilson,   William W.; Johnson,   D. Demcey; Dooley,   Frank J.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121042

Malt Barley Risk Management Strategies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gustafson,   Cole R.; Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92873

Grain Contracting Strategies: The Case of Durum Wheat
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
One of the impacts of higher prices along with greater volatility in futures, basis and spreads is that there is pressure for greater use of cash contracts for grain. There is a wide array of cash contracts with varying terms that pose major strategic alternatives for buyers and the marketing system, particularly as buyers seek to use contracting as an element of risk mitigation. Durum is a crop where many of these issues and challenges are apparent. Durum is more risky than competing crops with greater price, yield and quality risk. And in contrast to competing crops, futures do not exist, cross hedging is poor and forward contracting has been used minimally. There are three purposes of this article: Provide a survey of contract terms used in grain...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55119

PROCUREMENT STRATEGIES: IMPACTS OF QUALITY RISKS IN HARD WHEAT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.; Johnson,   D. Demcey.
Development and organization of procurement strategies have escalated in importance with maturity of the food processing industry, as well as with the prospect of greater choice attributable to variety development and information technology.  Conventional alternatives for procurement range from spot purchases with specifications for easily measurable characteristics, to varying forms of strategies with pre-commitment.  In the case of grains these choices are complicated by two factors.  First, there is intrinsic uncertainty associated with end-use qualities that are not easily measurable.  Second, grain prices and therefore procurement costs vary spatially due to competing market regions.  Thus, shifting origins may involve higher cost due to having to bid...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23214

COMPETITIVE BIDDING ON IMPORT TENDERS:  THE CASE OF MINOR OILSEEDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Diersen,   Matthew A.
A common and noteworthy application of auctions and bidding is that of tendering for imports, used for both price determination and the allocation of purchases among sellers.  In this study we develop a model to evaluate bidding strategies and competition and apply it to Egyptian oilseeds imports.  Generally, bids could be explained with a relatively high degree of confidence using accessible data.  In addition, there appear to be groups of bidders characterized by differences in their bid functions.  These statistical results were used to determine optimal bids and evaluate the effects of several critical variables.  The results are particularly interesting for understanding sellers' bidding strategies and competition among rivals, as well as impacts of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31148

Procurement Strategies to Improve Quality Consistency in Wheat Shipments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Consistency of functional characteristics in wheat is a concern confronting buyers and sellers. This research analyzes the cost and risk of different procurement strategies for importers. A stochastic simulation model is used to determine the probability of functional characteristics being satisfied subject to quality targets and costs for alternative purchase strategies. Stochastic efficiency was employed to identify purchase strategies that dominate others and to determine the extent of preference. As more specific characteristics are incorporated into a contract, results indicate that the probabilities of meeting end-use requirements increase
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Buying strategies; Costs; Functional characteristic tests; Location; Risks; Simulation; Stochastic efficiency; Variety; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36708

Grading and Pricing Practices of North Dakota Country Elevators For Durum and Hard Red Spring Wheat
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gunn,   Steven P.; Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing; Agribusiness.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23446

The Evolving Country Grain Marketing System in North Dakota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ming,   Dennis R.; Wilson,   William W.
Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute Report No.49
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing; Agribusiness.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23381

Grain Shipments on the Mississippi River System: A Long-Term Projection
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.; Taylor,   Richard D.; Koo,   Won W.
The costs of delays for shipping commodities on the Mississippi River are important and adversely impact growth in shipments.  Lock and dam expansion requires substantial capital investment and an extended time period to complete.  This study analyzes delay costs and the competitive position of grain shipments on the Mississippi River system.  A spatial optimization model of the world grain trade was developed.  Results indicated that without expansion in barge capacity, delay costs in 2020 would increase on each reach, with some up to $1.08/mt.  Expansion results in reduced delay costs.  Barge demand is also impacted by rail capacity.  Finally, expanding the locks would result in a re-allocation of shipments among modes, reaches, and ports,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9080

COSTS AND RISKS OF TESTING AND SEGREGATING GM WHEAT - SUMMARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Development of genetically modified crops is challenging the functions of the grain marketing system with many participants arguing for Identity Preservation (IP) systems prior to release of GM varieties.  In this study, a stochastic optimization model was developed to determine optimal testing strategies.  The model chooses the optimal testing strategy that maximizes utility (minimizes disutility) of additional system costs due to testing and rejection and allows estimation of the risk premium required for sellers to undertake a dual marketing system with GM/Non-GM segregations over the current Non-GM system.  Elements of costs (testing costs, rejection costs, and risk premium) were estimated for a base model representing a grain export chain.  The model...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Genetically modified organisms; Biotechnology; Wheat; Risk; Segregation; Identity preservation; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23502

FUTURE TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENTS IN THE U.S./CANADA/MEXICO GRAINS-LIVESTOCK SUBSECTOR UNDER NAFTA AND WTO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Prentice,   Barry E.; Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16766

Estimation of Demand Elasticities for Transportation Modes in Grain Transportation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23266

SPATIAL COMPETITION AND ETHANOL PLANT LOCATION DECISIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sarmiento,   Camilo; Wilson,   William W.
Ethanol is one of the fastest growing industries in the U.S. agricultural sector.  This study estimates factors that impact location decisions by new ethanol plants using logistic regression analysis and spatial correlation techniques.  The results indicate that location decisions are impacted by the agricultural characteristics of a county, competition, and state-level subsidies.  Spatial competition is particularly important.  Existence of a competing ethanol plant reduces the likelihood of making a positive location decision and this impact decreases with distance.  Finally, state-level subsidies were significant and a very important variable impacting ethanol location decisions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9236

STRATEGIC USE OF FUTURES AND OPTIONS BY COMMODITY PROCESSORS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bullock,   David W.; Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
In this study, the strategic impacts of input-output price relationships on end-users' demands for futures and/or options are analyzed.  An analytical model is developed based on mean-variance utility and extended to account for the impact of output prices and the inclusion of both futures and/or call options in the portfolio.  This study makes several contributions to the literature on risk management in agriculture.  First, its focus is on end-users and captures their unique characteristics.  Second, it explicitly captures the correlation between input-output prices on hedging strategies.  Finally, it incorporates options into a portfolio model.  The analytic model was applied to the bread baking industry, an important agribusiness processor, which is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Futures; Options; Risk Management; Processors; Hedging; Marketing.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23628

EFFECT OF HARD RED SPRING WHEAT CONSISTENCY ON MILLING VALUE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dahl,   Bruce L.; Wilson,   William W.
Increased concerns over the quality of wheat in domestic and export markets has focused attention on the consistency of wheat quality. This study utilized three measures to examine the effect of variability in characteristics on the milling value of wheat. Distributions and correlations for wheat quality characteristics were estimated from U.S. wheat export data from 1985-1997.  Effects of variability of wheat characteristics on the value of wheat to the miller for each of the three measures were estimated using a simulation model.  U.S. No. 1 exports of Hard Red Spring (HRS) had higher value to millers on each of the three measures (net wheat, millable wheat index, and value added in milling) than did exports of No. 2 or better (OB).  However, the value...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Quality consistency; Wheat; Net wheat; Millable wheat value index; Milling value; HRS; HRW; Marketing.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23378

Impacts of Alternative Policies Regulating Dockage
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Scherping,   Daniel J.; Johnson,   D. Demcey; Cobia,   David W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23149

COMPETITIVE BIDDING ON IMPORT TENDERS: THE CASE OF MINOR OILSEEDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Diersen,   Matthew A.
Auctions and bidding play an important role in agricultural marketing.  A common and noteworthy application of auctions and bidding is that of import tendering which is used for both price determination and the allocation of purchases among sellers.  In this study we develop a  model to evaluate bidding strategies and competition in Egyptian oilseeds imports. Information included the values of bids submitted by each supplier in each tender over the period 1990 to 1993.  Results indicate that generally bids could be predicted for all bidders with a relatively high degree of confidence using simple relationships and accessible data.  In addition, for each oil tender there appeared to be groups of bidders characterized by differences in their bid functions....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bidding; Auction; International Grain Competition; Grains; Importing; Marketing; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23421

MARKETING MECHANISMS IN GM GRAINS AND OILSEEDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maxwell,   Brett J.; Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
A number of challenges exist for genetically modified (GM) crop development at the production level.  Contract strategies can resolve these challenges.  Contracts can be designed to induce legal adoption of GM wheat by varying technology fees, violation detection, and penalties.  The primary objective of this research is to analyze contracting strategies to determine terms to minimize technology agreement violation and to induce legal adoption of GM wheat.  A simulation model of a crop budget for Hard Red Spring wheat was developed.  Results illustrate that contracts can be designed to induce desired behavior.  Technology fee, probability of detection, and the level of non-GM premium were the most notable factors influencing adoption decisions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Producer Decisions; Risk; Genetically Modified; Contract Terms; Wheat; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23639

RECIPROCAL ACCESS IN U.S./CANADIAN GRAIN TRADE: BACKGROUND ISSUES FOR THE U.S. GRAIN TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
The purpose of this paper is to review past trade relations in the grains sector between the United States and Canada and to document trade barriers and the potential for the evolution of reciprocal trade.  Historical trade flows between the United States and Canada in the grains sector are reviewed.  Terms of recent trade agreements and other trade restrictions are described.  Then, some of the important differences in the marketing system are described and compared as well as changes in the Canadian grain marketing system.  Finally, the concept of reciprocal access is developed in the context of the evolving trading relations between these two countries.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Grain trade; U.S.-Canada trade; Trade policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23085

DEMAND FOR WHEAT CLASSES BY PACIFIC RIM COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.
The transcendental logarithmic function is used to derive demand functions which are estimated for wheat classes imported by Pacific Rim countries.  Results indicate substantial differences exist in underlying demand parameters for wheat of different classes as well as across countries.  In addition, the expenditure level has important impacts on the distribution of imported wheat classes, and preferences have shifted significantly through time, generally toward higher protein wheats.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31234

GRADES/CLASSES OF HARD WHEAT EXPORTED FROM THE UNITED STATES: ANALYSIS OF DEMAND AND TRENDS 1986-2003
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dahl,   Bruce L.; Wilson,   William W.
Questions have emerged in the United States and Canada regarding the role and function of quality in international markets.  One has been the definition and composition of different market segments, with a particular focus on higher quality customers.  In this study, trends in U.S. wheat exports are analyzed by class, grade, protein, and market segment.  Analysis shows trends toward increases in exports of higher grades of Hard Amber Durum (HAD) and Hard Red Spring (HRS); whereas, exports of higher quality grades for Hard Red Winter (HRW) appear to be moderate.  Exports of HRS, HRW, and HAD show increases in proportion of exports shipped at higher protein levels and increases in the proportion of exports where protein is specified.  Cluster analysis for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trends; Wheat quality; Grades; Classes; Protein; Hard Red Spring; Hard Red Winter; Hard Amber Durum; Market segments; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23591

IMPORT DEMAND FOR MALT: A TIMES SERIES AND ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Satyanarayana,   Vidyashankara; Wilson,   William W.; Johnson,   D. Demcey.
European Union (EU) dominance of the world malt trade is thought to be due to quality advantages and/or due to export restitutions. A Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS) was estimated for four major malt importing countries: Japan, Brazil, Philippines, and Venezuela.  Elasticities of substitution for malt among different sources were computed.  Results show that malt imported from the EU is least substitutable with malt from other sources, and demand for EU malt is less responsive to changes in price.  Expenditure elasticities indicate that the four importers spend proportionately more on malt imports from the EU compared to malt from other sources.  For these reasons, the study concludes that price subsidy-based export expansion...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Malt Import Demand; LA/AIDS; Export Subsidy; Substitutability; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23343

PROTEIN DEMAND IN HARD WHEATS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Wilson,   Wesley W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Wheat protein is one of the most important specifications used in domestic and import purchase contracts.  It is used as a proxy for functional quality that is important in domestic markets and to importers.  Large differences exist in functional characteristics amongst wheat that vary by protein level and class.  The purpose of this paper is to analyze the demand for wheat protein across importing countries and through time.  A choice based econometric model is specified and estimated using a pooled data set of wheat shipments.  Results indicate that there have been shifts over time, purchase probabilities are highly price elastic and vary across importing regions.  In addition, income, traded goods, urbanization, females in the work force, and domestic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wheat Quality; Protein; Hard Red Spring; Hard Red Winter; Market Segments; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23520

FACTORS AFFECTING THE SUPPLY OF QUALITY SPRING WHEATS: COMPARISONS BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA; SUMMARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dahl,   Bruce L.; Wilson,   William W.
The demand for high quality hard wheats has been increasing.  In this paper, factors affecting the supply and consistency of high quality wheats in Canada and North Dakota were compared and contrasted.  Differences exist in the development and release of new varieties which affect the number and quality of hard wheats produced.  Variety numbers and concentration were examined with a range of measures.   Wheat area in Canada was found to be concentrated in fewer varieties than in North Dakota.  These results were more apparent for durum than for hard red spring wheats. However, there was a trend toward more concentration in North Dakota and less in Canada.  Protein, yield, and trade-offs were compared. Alberta appears to have a comparative advantage in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Varieties; HRS; Supply; Protein; Yields; Variety Adoption; End-use Quality; Variety Release; United States; Canada; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23472

TRANSPARENCY AND EXPORT SUBSIDIES IN INTERNATIONAL WHEAT COMPETITION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Johnson,   D. Demcey; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Export subsidies and price transparency will be areas of critical importance in the forthcoming round of World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations.  This paper provides a review and discussion of issues relating to export subsidies and transparency in international wheat trade.  Among other topics, the paper addresses the escalation in U.S. and EU producer subsidy equivalents (PSEs) for wheat since 1996, EU export restitutions, export credit guarantee programs, and price transparency and price discrimination, specifically as they relate to State Trading Enterprises (STEs). As the United States develops its strategy for trade negotiations, several points should be considered.   First, the European Union continues to subsidize its wheat much more...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: WTO; Policy; Wheat; Price Transparency; Price Discrimination; Export Subsidies; STEs; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23208

CONSISTENCY OF QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS IN HARD RED SPRING WHEATS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dahl,   Bruce L.; Wilson,   William W.
Greater sophistication of buyers in the wheat market has increased demands for higher quality wheats and focused attention on the consistency of the quality of wheat purchased.  In this study, the variability of wheat quality characteristics was examined at different stages of the marketing chain.  Variability was measured by variety and at farm and export levels.  Comparisons were made with Canada where similar data were available.  Different measures of variability were utilized where data were available.   Inter-year variability, intra-year variability, and within-lot variability of wheat quality characteristics were measured at different points in the wheat marketing chain in the United States and Canada.  Variability of many characteristics was...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Quality; Consistency; Quality Variability; Wheat Export Quality; Farm Production Quality; Wheat Variety Quality; Canada; United States; Production Economics.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23455

IMPACTS OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED (GM) TRAITS ON CONVENTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES - SUMMARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huso,   Scott R.; Wilson,   William W.
In hard red spring (HRS) wheat, the two GM traits nearest to commercialization are fusarium resistant wheat (FRW) from Syngenta and Roundup Ready® wheat (RRW).  Monsanto announced that it has deferred the commercialization of RRW until issues of market acceptance are alleviated.  Monsanto acknowledged that it might reconsider its position if another agbiotechnology firm enters the GM wheat market.   A Cournot quantity competition model was developed to determine the equilibrium quantities of conventional pesticide and agbiotechnology firms.  The Cournot model was used because firms that must make production decisions ahead of the selling period, and firms with extensive research and development costs are not able to aggressively set prices.  Rather, the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Genetic modification; Fusarium resistance; Roundup Ready®; Technology; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23560

Grain Pricing and Transportation: Dynamics and Changes in Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
There are important challenges to the grain handling and shipping industries. The study evaluated changes in marketing costs for the primary grain marketing functions and quantified measures of risk. The results indicate that 1) basis risk has increased; 2) all marketing costs have increased; 3) the increase in rail tariffs were less than those for the other modes; 4) car values, on average declined; 5) FSC’s had moderate changes in absolute terms; 6) handling margins have had fairly substantial increases, particularly at port; and 7) the riskiness in rail shipping costs are less than those of competing modes and functions. The regression model indicated the following variables had significant impacts on origin basis values: shipping costs, ocean rate...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance; Farm Management.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98204

PROCUREMENT STRATEGIES TO MEET FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS IN WHEAT SHIPMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Peterson,   Del A.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Consistency of functional characteristics in wheat is a concern confronting buyers and sellers.  This research analyzes the cost and risk of different procurement strategies for importers.  A stochastic simulation model is used to determine the probability of a functional characteristic being satisfied subject to quality targets.  Joint probabilities of meeting specifications and costs were determined for alternative functional characteristics.  Results indicate that, as more specific characteristics are incorporated into a contract, the probabilities of meeting end-use requirements increase.  Specific characteristics come with a higher cost, due to increased testing costs related to identity preservation.  The results are summarized as cost/risk tradeoffs...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Buying strategies; Location; Variety; Functional characteristic tests; Costs; Risks; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23509

North American Malting Barley Trade: Impacts of Differences in Quality and Marketing Costs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Johnson,   D. Demcey.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23128

COMPETITION AND POLICY CONFLICTS IN CANADA-U.S. BARLEY TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   D. Demcey; Wilson,   William W.
Changes in policy, institutional and competitive environments have led to increased trade and a rise in trade tensions in the Canada-U.S. barely market. These tensions stem from policies and marketing institutions that have evolved independently in these two countries. Results from a detailed spatial equilibrium model of the Canada- U.S. barley market are presented in this article. Simulations are used to quantify effects of U.S. import restrictions; removal of Canadian rail subsidies, different Export Enhancement Program (EEP) subsidy levels, restoration of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) acres to U.S. production, and retention of Canadian Wheat Board control over Canadian barley sales—all of which affect trade flows in the barley sector.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30937

IMPACTS OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED (GM) TRAITS ON CONVENTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huso,   Scott R.; Wilson,   William W.
In hard red spring (HRS) wheat, the two GM traits nearest to commercialization are fusarium resistant wheat (FRW) from Syngenta and Roundup Ready® wheat (RRW).  Monsanto announced that it has deferred the commercialization of RRW until issues of market acceptance are alleviated.  Monsanto acknowledged that it might reconsider its position if another agbiotechnology firm enters the GM wheat market.  A Cournot quantity competition model was developed to determine the equilibrium quantities of conventional pesticide and agbiotechnology firms.  The Cournot model was used because firms that must make production decisions ahead of the selling period, and firms with extensive research and development costs are not able to aggressively set prices.  Rather, the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Genetic modification; Fusarium resistance; Roundup Ready®; Technology; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23491

LONGER-TERM FORECASTING OF GRAIN FLOWS AND DELAY COSTS ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; DeVuyst,   Eric A.; Taylor,   Richard D.; Dahl,   Bruce L.; Koo,   Won W.
The purpose of this study was to forecast grain and oilseed shipments through the Mississippi River system and to analyze impacts of delay costs.  The focus is on the world grain trade and expected changes in response to a multitude of evolving competitive pressures and structural changes.  The model is a spatial optimization model of the world grain trade.  Important parameters are forecasted and used to evaluate changes in flows through specific logistical channels.  Projected import demands are based on consumption functions estimated using income and population and accounting for intercountry differences in consumption dependent on economic development.  Each of the competing supply regions and countries were represented by yields, area potential that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9237

BIDDING ON RAILCARS FOR GRAIN: A STRATEGIC ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Many of the U.S. railroads have introduced highly differentiated services for grain shipments in recent years, generally in the area of forward guaranteed car service.  Taken together with other alternatives, these mechanisms have had the effect of establishing priority allocations among shippers.  In most cases, pricing and allocation of these services has been with some type of bidding mechanisms.  This paper explores the economic implications of these mechanisms on the grain shipping industry.  A model was developed to identify factors affecting the value of these services and was analyzed in the context of a typical midwestern grain shipment.  A game theory model of competitive bidding was also developed to analyze the effects of critical strategic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Railcars; Guaranteed car service; Railcar allocation; Options; Guarantee; Bidding models; Valuation; Marketing.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23168

Stochastic Dominance in Wheat Variety Development and Release Strategies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dahl,   Bruce L.; Wilson,   William W.; Nganje,   William E.
Variety development and release decisions involve tradeoffs between yields and characteristics valued by end-users, as well as uncertainties about agronomic, quality, and economic variables. In this study, methods are developed to determine the value of varieties to growers and end-users including the effects of variability in economic, agronomic, and quality variables. The application is to hard red spring (HRS) wheat, a class of wheat for which these tradeoffs and risks are particularly apparent. Results indicate two experimental varieties provide improvements in grower and end-user value, relative to incumbents. Stochastic dominance techniques and statistical tests are applied to determine efficient sets and robustness of the results. A risk-adjusted...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: End-user value; Grower value; Portfolio value; Stochastic dominance; Tradeoffs; Variety development; Wheat; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31141

Structural Changes and Strategies in the North American Flour Milling Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121168

Competition in the International Wheat Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23326

Global Market Segmentation for Value-Added Agricultural Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dooley,   Frank J.; Wilson,   William W.; Krause,   Joyce Hall.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23146

Grain Transportation Rates and Export Market Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Koo,   Won W.; Smaaladen,   Terry.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23164

OPTION VALUES FOR PROVISIONS IN EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dahl,   Bruce L.; Wilson,   William W.; Gustafson,   Cole R.
All major exporting countries of agricultural commodities have some form of credit guarantee program. As the importance of credit programs escalates, it is incumbent on policy makers to examine the value of their program relative to those of competitors. In this study, a model based on option pricing theory was developed to estimate the value of credit guarantees extended to importers and applied to U.S. and competing countries' programs. The Canadian guarantee has the lowest implicit value, followed by the U.S., Australian, and French guarantees. French guarantees had the highest implicit value due to higher coverage for interest and freight and insurance.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30791

INCENTIVE CONTRACTS TO MEET FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS IN WHEAT PURCHASING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Maxwell,   Brett J.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Consistency of functional characteristics in hard red spring (HRS) wheat is a concern confronting sellers and buyers.  This research analyzes contract incentives for importers with respect to cost and potential risk of acceptance.  A principal-agent framework is utilized to examine contract incentives.  In the principal-agent contract, the principal offers the contract, the agent rejects or accepts the contract, and then decides how much effort to apply.  All this is subject to risk for the agent and moral hazard for the principal.  An example is presented, for which equilibrium contract terms are a base price of 454 cents per bushel for low quality wheat and a premium of 36 cents per bushel if high quality is achieved.  The premium for high quality is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Incentive Contact; Functional Characteristic; Wheat; Principal-Agent; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23617

Grain Pricing and Transportation: Dynamics and Changes in Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98202

U.S. Exports of Value-added Wheat Products: Recent Trends and Contributing Factors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krause,   Joyce Hall; Wilson,   William W.; Dooley,   Frank J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23390

Credit Allocation Decisions by Wheat Exporting Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yang,   Seung-Ryong; Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121359

CROP INSURANCE UNDER QUALITY UNCERTAINTY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nganje,   William E.; Tiapo,   Napoleon M.; Wilson,   William W.
Quality related yield and price losses have had significant impact on producer income and risks, and in some instances exceeded yield and price losses covered by conventional insurance instruments.  However, there are no effective third party quality risk transfer mechanisms especially for barley growers. In this paper, we develop a framework to incorporate quality-related risk in crop insurance programs.  Specifically, we derive the optimum equilibrium coverage levels and risk premium that suppliers of insurance and producers would be willing to provide when the yield and revenue insurance instruments explicitly incorporate quality losses.  The results of our analysis provide several important contributions.  First, the methodology illustrates how quality...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36097

Dynamic Changes in Market Structure and Competition in the Corn and Soybean Seed Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the dynamics of R&amp;D investments, and the structure of the seed distribution sector using novel data sets that have not been used before to describe competition in these industries. The results describe four sets of issues of particular importance. One is that while all agbiotechology firms have increased their R&amp;D expenditures, there have been sharp differences in the scope of this spending. Most important is that this has spawned the growth in what is now referred as “seeds and traits.” Second, a large number of future traits will be commercialized in the coming years. A third set of results indicates that one firm grew its market share by 14% and a portion of this growth has been through acquisition. The...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agbiotechnology; Grain seeds; Competition; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58487

WHITE CORN PRODUCTION AND MARKETS FOR NORTH DAKOTA GROWERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dahl,   Bruce L.; Wilson,   William W.
U.S. white corn production, consumption, and exports increased from 1980 to 1999/00 and production and area have since declined.  White corn is produced largely in Nebraska, Kentucky, and Texas, although production in Texas has declined and has increased in other states (Illinois, Indiana, and Iowa).  Major domestic processors of white corn are located in the southern United States, with the closest large domestic processor located in St. Joseph, MO.  Comparisons of white and yellow corn varieties suggest yields are similar, but have a wide range of variability.  Net returns for white corn are most affected by white corn premiums and yield differences relative to yellow corn in southeastern and south central North Dakota.  A 10 percent yield advantage for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: White corn; Supply/demand; North Dakota; Competitiveness; Markets; Geographic competition; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23588

VALUATION OF NEW SPRING WHEAT VARIETIES: TRADEOFFS FOR GROWERS AND END-USERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.; Johnson,   D. Demcey; Nganje,   William E.
Variety release decisions involve a number of tradeoffs, usually between grower and end-user characteristics as well as significant uncertainties about agronomic, quality, and economic variables.  In this study, methodologies were developed to value tradeoffs for grower and end-user characteristics for wheat.  The models capture effects of variability in agronomic, quality, and economic variables.   The models were applied for three experimental varieties which have since been released and for two hypothetical varieties.  Results indicate two of the experimental varieties provide improvements in grower and end-use value over most of the incumbents.   Comparison of a risk adjusted portfolio model consisting of characteristics of end-use and grower values...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Variety Development; Grower Value; End-user Value; North Dakota; Tradeoffs; Stochastic Dominance; Portfolio Value; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23622

QUALITY DIFFERENCES AND PRICE RESPONSIVENESS OF WHEAT CLASS DEMANDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Gallagher,   Paul W.
Price responsiveness and preferences for wheat classes are measured using a Case function specification. Results indicate there have been numerous changes in market shares of wheat classes from different exporters in specific markets. In general, quality differentials are important in some international markets; in others, relative prices are more important in determining market shares.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32059

Structure of the Canola and Biodiesel Industries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mattson,   Jeremy W.; Wilson,   William W.; Duchsherer,   Christopher.
The biodiesel industry in the United States has grown significantly in recent years.  Production increased from 25 million gallons in 2004 to an estimated 250 million gallons in 2006, and many new plants are being built.  Most biodiesel in the United States is produced from soybean oil, but canola offers characteristics which make it a favorable feedstock for biodiesel production.  Characteristics of canola oil also make it an increasingly popular choice for human consumption.  This study examines the structure of the biodiesel and canola industries.  Specifically, the study describes changes in the biodiesel industry, trends in canola production in the United States and Canada, profitability and production risk for canola, the characteristics of canola...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Canola; Biodiesel; Vegetable oil; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7644

Producer Surplus Distributions in GM Crops: The Ignored Impacts of Roundup Ready Wheat
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Huso,   Scott R.
Release of a genetically modified (GM) crop variety would lower prices of competing pesticides used on conventional varieties. This causes an increase in surplus for those farmers who adopt the GM variety, as well as for those who plant the conventional variety. A Cournot model was developed to determine the equilibrium quantities of conventional pesticides. A market with conventional wheat was compared to a market with both conventional and GM wheat varieties to identify price decreases of the conventional pesticide as a result of the GM trait introduction.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Genetically modified crops; Roundup Ready; Wheat; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8608

Pricing and Marketing Practices for North Dakota Durum and HRS Wheat 1989 Crop Year
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hesley,   Jay T.; Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119441

WELFARE IMPLICATIONS OF INTRODUCING BIOTECH TRAITS IN A MARKET WITH SEGMENTS AND SEGREGATION COSTS: THE CASE OF ROUNDUP READY® WHEAT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; DeVuyst,   Eric A.; Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Roundup Ready® Wheat (RRW) was one of the first genetically modified (GM) traits for the wheat sector and was under review by regulatory agencies in the United States and Canada when Monsanto withdrew it from further consideration.  There are a multitude of issues associated with the ex ante evaluation of this decision.  These include market acceptance and segregation, as well as the varying sources of cost savings and productivity gains.  In this article, we develop a spatial partial equilibrium model of the higher-protein hard wheat market and assess the changes in the distribution of welfare associated with release and adoption of RRW.   It incorporates segments for GM aversion in each market and segregation costs for each segment.  Major conclusions...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Genetically modified grains; Welfare analysis; Wheat; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23554

COOPERATIVE MARKETING IN SPECIALTY GRAINS AND IDENTITY PRESERVED GRAIN MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Janzen,   Edward L.; Wilson,   William W.
Marketing of specialty and identity preserved grains has become an important strategy in the grain marketing industry and is being driven, in part, by consumer and processor demand and an interest in non-GM products.  This study provides background and practices of numerous organizations involved in marketing of specialty/identity preserved grains.  Supporting marketing activities are reviewed.  Key factors in the success (or failure) of their efforts are identified.  Major challenges facing the participants in the specialty/IP grain marketing industry are discussed.  The primary focus is on the role of agricultural cooperatives and producer owned alliances.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Identity preservation; IP; Segregation; Traceability; Specialty products; Genetically modified; GM; Non-GM; Cooperative; Alliance.; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23558

UNDERSTANDING THE CANADIAN/UNITED STATES GRAINS DISPUTE: BACKGROUND AND DESCRIPTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Johnson,   D. Demcey.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16737

VALUE AT RISK: AGRICULTURAL PROCESSOR PROCUREMENT AND HEDGING STRATEGIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hawes,   Cullen R.; Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Agricultural firms that use Value at Risk (VaR) tend to be the large diversified corporations.  The benefits of VaR in the agricultural industry are not limited to large conglomerates; however, and this study provides empirical examples of how mid to large sized commodity end-users can use VaR to quantify price risk exposure.  By reporting price risk in terms of dollars as a single summary statistic, VaR provides a more intuitive measure of risk for decision makers, especially when the distribution of portfolio value changes is non-normal.  VaR also separates downside from upside potential by focusing on the left-hand tail of a portfolio's distribution of returns.  The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how VaR can be applied to the portfolio of a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Value at Risk; Hedging; Processor Futures; Options; Marketing; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23608

Agro-terrorism and the Grain Handling Systems in Canada and the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nganje,   William E.; Wilson,   William W.; Nolan,   James F.
The grain handling sector in Canada and the United States is vital to agriculture and trade. In a typical year on the Canadian prairies, about 140,000 producers deliver some 20 to 30 mmt of grain for export to primary elevators. In the United States, about 2.1 million producers deliver about 300 mmt of grain to primary elevators. Canadian grain is moved to export position using more than 400,000 hopper cars and marine containers, where about 1,200 ships per year are loaded. In the United States, about 1.08 million rail carloads of grain are originated per year, and about 23 mmt of grain are shipped on barges per year. These U.S. figures are in addition to trucks, which, more so than in Canada, are also used to deliver grain to primary processors and to...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45745

AGRICULTURAL VALUE ADDED: PROSPECTS FOR NORTH DAKOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lambert,   David K.; Lim,   Siew Hoon; Tweeten,   Kathleen M.; Leistritz,   F. Larry; Wilson,   William W.; McKee,   Gregory J.; Nganje,   William E.; DeVuyst,   Cheryl Sinn; Saxowsky,   David M.
Introduction: This report provides an overview of the important factors affecting investments in agricultural value-added ventures.  The introductory section outlines current research on factors important in the location of economic activity.  Research applied to specific agricultural value-added ventures, such as food manufacturing and livestock feeding and finishing operations, are discussed.  A listing of resources available to entrepreneurs considering value-added investments concludes the introductory section.  Following the introductory section are short overviews of industries that already have, or may have, potential for increasing economic activity in the state.  All are based on the important foundation of agriculture in the state's economy or...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23652

THE SECTION 301 ACTION AND EFFECTS OF THE CANADIAN WHEAT BOARD ON U.S. HARD RED SPRING AND AMBER DURUM WHEAT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16929

PRODUCTION RISK AND CROP INSURANCE IN MALTING BARLEY: A STOCHASTIC DOMINANCE ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Gustafson,   Cole R.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Malt barley is an important specialty crop in the Northern Plains and growers mitigate risk with federally subsidized crop insurance and production contracts.  However, growers face considerable risk due to "coverage gaps" in crop insurance that result in uncertain indemnity payments due to uncertainty of their crop meeting contract specifications.  A stochastic dominance model is developed to evaluate alternative risk efficient strategies for growers with differing risk attitudes and production practices (irrigation vs. dryland).  Results show that efficient choices are highly dependent on risk attitudes for dryland growers, but not irrigated growers.  Sensitivities with respect to acceptance risk and level of crop insurance subsidization are presented....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop insurance; Malting barley; Stochastic dominance; Stochastic efficiency; Crop Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23561

Pricing and Marketing Practices for North Dakota Durum and HRS Wheat: 1991 Crop Year
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scherping,   Daniel J.; Taylor,   Richard D.; Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51190