Consulta: creatorFacets:"Zeller,   Manfred"
Registros recuperados: 64
Data/hora: 01/06/2024 13:47:39

Determinants of Moral hazard in Microfinance: Empirical Evidence from Joint Liability Lending Schemes in Malawi
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Simtowe,   Franklin; Zeller,   Manfred; Phiri,   Alexander.
Moral hazard is widely reported as a problem in credit and insurance markets, mainly arising from information asymmetry. Although theorists have attempted to explain the success of Joint Liability Lending (JLL) schemes in mitigating moral hazard, empirical studies are rare. This paper investigates the determinants of moral hazard among JLL schemes from Malawi, using group level data from 99 farm and non-farm credit groups. Results reveal that peer selection, peer monitoring, peer pressure, dynamic incentives and variables capturing the extent of matching problems explain most of the variation in the incidence of moral hazard among credit groups. The implications are that Joint Liability Lending institutions will continue to rely on social cohesion and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Moral hazard; Joint liability; Dynamic incentives; Group lending; Malawi; Financial Economics.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25287

Differential Influence of Relative Poverty on Preferences for Ecosystem Services: Evidence from Rural Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Glenk,   Klaus; Barkmann,   Jan; Schwarze,   Stefan; Zeller,   Manfred; Marggraf,   Rainer.
Ecosystem services generate benefits that enter human consumption either directly or indirectly via their contribution to human production activities. In this contribution, we provide evidence that (i) the demand of peasants for ecosystem services in rural Indonesia depends on relative poverty; and that (ii) the type of reaction to poverty depends on the specific relation of the ecosystem services to peasant production and consumption. In early 2005 a representative choice experiment study was conducted in the Lore Lindu area in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, to quantify regional economic preferences (marginal willingessto- pay: MWTP) for four different ecosystem services (n=249; rattan and water availability, shading in cacao agroforestry, population size...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Relative poverty; Choice experiment; Ecosystem services; Environmental valuation; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q21; Q51; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25681

AN OPERATIONAL TOOL FOR EVALUATING POVERTY OUTREACH OF DEVELOPMENT POLICIES AND PROJECTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zeller,   Manfred; Sharma,   Manohar P.; Henry,   Carla; Lapenu,   Cecile.
Development institutions and projects frequently seek to target poorer segments of the population. Yet, existing methods for evaluating their outreach are generally unsuited to most operational settings, since they are either too costly and cumbersome (e.g., detailed income or household surveys), or they produce results that are not comparable between villages or regions within a country (e.g., participatory poverty appraisals). This paper presents a new and operationally suitable method to measure the poverty of clients of development projects in relation to the general population of nonclients. The method was developed in response to demands by donors and development practitioners for a low-cost evaluation instrument that could be used as a regular...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16443

INFORMAL MARKETS: WHAT LESSONS CAN WE LEARN FROM THEM?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sharma,   Manohar P.; Zeller,   Manfred.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16246

Do Farmers Benefit from Participating in Specialty Markets and Cooperatives? The Case of Coffee Marketing in Costa Rica
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wollni,   Meike; Zeller,   Manfred.
Historically low prices in the conventional coffee market have caused financial and social hardship among coffee farmers. In the face of this crisis, specialty markets have attracted the attention of the international donor community. These market segments have shown consistent growth over the last decade and exhibit price premiums in international markets. Therefore, if higher prices are passed on to farmers, access to specialty markets could help to alleviate the crisis brought on by low prices in the conventional sector. The present study attempts to identify the factors that determine farmers' participation in specialized markets and whether participation in these markets leads to higher prices for farmers. A two-stage model is used to analyze farmers'...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Central America; Costa Rica; Coffee; Specialty markets; Cooperatives; Agribusiness; Marketing; Q13; L1.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25670

EMPIRICAL MEASUREMENTS OF HOUSEHOLDS' ACCESS TO CREDIT AND CREDIT CONSTRAINTS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES AND EVIDENCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diagne,   Aliou; Zeller,   Manfred; Sharma,   Manohar P.
This paper presents a new methodological framework for measuring the level of household access to credit. It provides an analytical framework for examining the determinants of household credit limits and derives implications on information needed to examine the extent to which households are credit constrained. Empirical application of this method involves directly eliciting credit limit information in household surveys. Illustrations are provided using data from Bangladesh and Malawi.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16465

Linkages between poverty and sustainable agricultural and rural development in the uplands of Southeast Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zeller,   Manfred; Beuchelt,   Tina; Fischer,   Isabel; Heidhues,   Franz.
Most of the upland areas of Southeast Asia are characterized by insufficient infrastructure, low productivity in smallholder crop and animal production, mounting environmental problems such as soil and forest degradation and loss of biodiversity, increasing population pressure, and widespread poverty, particular in rural areas. While some upland areas in South East Asia have been experiencing considerable progress during the past twenty years, others have stagnated or even declined with respect to economic, social and environmental objectives of development. The purpose of the paper is to describe major trends regarding sustainable development in the upland areas of selected countries in South East Asia, and review explanatory approaches for the observed...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92831

GROUP-BASED FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FOR THE RURAL POOR IN BANGLADESH: AN INSTITUTIONAL- AND HOUSEHOLD-LEVEL ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zeller,   Manfred; Sharma,   Manohar P.; Ahmed,   Akhter U.; Rashid,   Shahidur.
In the last two decades, nongovernmental organizations in Bangladesh have provided millions of poor rural people with savings and credit services at low cost. These services have reduced poverty and may have improved food security and nutrition and achieved positive social change as well. The relative success of these microfinance institutions merits an in-depth examination of their structure, conduct, and performance and the role they play in reducing poverty. This report analyzes the fit between the rural poor and three key NGOs that represent the variety of microfinance institutions in Bangladesh. The report evaluates the effects of microfinance credit programs on household resource allocation, income generation, food and non-food consumption, and the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16522

Use of household food insecurity scales for assessing poverty in Bangladesh and Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alcaraz V.,   Gabriela; Zeller,   Manfred.
An important dimension of poverty is access to food. Household food security implies access to the food needed for a healthy and productive life. Lack of access to and/or impaired utilization of food contribute to household food insecurity. This study compares the usefulness of a standardized food insecurity scale for determining the food insecurity status of rural and urban households in Bangladesh and Uganda, and for predicting poverty status. The analysis uses data from the IRIS Composite Survey Household Questionnaire (2004), which consists of 1,587 households (approximately 800 households in each country). The coping mechanisms adopted in the presence of food shortages represent the building blocks for the development of the scale (7 items). In order...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food insecurity scale; Poverty; Bangladesh; Uganda; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; I32; O11; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57164

Targeting the poor and smallholder farmers: empirical evidence from Malawi
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Houssou,   Nazaire; Zeller,   Manfred.
This paper develops low cost, reasonably accurate, and simple models for improving the targeting efficiency of development policies in Malawi. Using a stepwise logistic regression (weighted) along with other techniques applied in credit scoring, the research identifies a set of easily observable and verifiable indicators for correctly predicting whether a household is poor or not, based on the 2004-05 Malawi Integrated Household Survey data. The predictive power of the models is assessed using out-of-sample validation tests and receiver operating characteristic curves, whereas the model’s robustness is evaluated by bootstrap simulation methods. Finally, sensitivity analyses are performed using the international and extreme poverty lines. The models...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Malawi; Poverty targeting; Proxy means tests; Out-of-sample tests; Bootstrap; Food Security and Poverty; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; I32; C15.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57988

CONSIDERATIONS IN THE PLACEMENT AND OUTREACH OF MICROFINANCE ORGANIZATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sharma,   Manohar P.; Zeller,   Manfred.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16260

THE DEMAND FOR FINANCIAL SERVICES BY THE RURAL POOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zeller,   Manfred; Sharma,   Manohar P.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16252

Justified hopes or utopian thinking? The suitability of coffee certification schemes as a business model for small-scale producers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beuchelt,   Tina; Zeller,   Manfred; Oberthur,   Thomas.
The marketing of coffee through group-based, certified market channels is often promoted by governments and donors as a viable business model for poor small-scale farmers. Organic and fairtrade coffees have become very popular among socially, environmentally and health conscious consumers in recent years. While coffee certification programs have been in place for over fifteen years, there are few studies on the welfare impacts of certification schemes. Therefore, this research seeks to analyse the impacts of certification on poverty alleviation and to identify the critical factors which explain success or failure of certification schemes. We use a combination of qualitative and quantitative research, comparing small-scale coffee producers in northern...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Certification; Coffee; Cooperatives; Impact; Nicaragua; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Marketing; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51717

Need, Greed or Customary Rights - Which Factors Explain the Encroachment of Protected Areas? Empirical Evidence from a Protected Area in Sulawesi, Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Birner,   Regina; Maertens,   Miet; Zeller,   Manfred.
The encroachment of protected areas for agricultural and livestock production is an important challenge for nature conservation in developing countries. The driving forces of encroachment are debated - major arguments focus on (1) the need of local people to cultivate land inside protected areas due to poverty, (2) commercial interests of cultivating inside protected areas, which indicates free-riding ("greed"), and (3) resistance against protected areas caused by disregard of customary rights. Understanding the role of these factors is important for designing appropriate conservation and development strategies. The paper contributes to this understanding by analyzing the encroachment of a National Park in Sulawesi, Indonesia. The analysis is guided by a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land use change; Nature conservation; Household decision-making; Regulation; Indonesia; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q12; Q57.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25706

The Impact of credit constraints on the adoption of hybrid maize in Malawi
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Simtowe,   Franklin; Zeller,   Manfred; Diagne,   Aliou.
The paper investigates the impact of credit constraints on the adoption of hybrid maize among rural households in Malawi using the treatment-effects model. Results reveal that after effectively correcting for endogeneity, credit constraints have a reducing effect on the size of land allocated to hybrid maize. Farmers with larger land holdings allocate more land to hybrid maize while older farmers allocate less land to hybrid maize. These findings suggest that there is scope for increasing the cultivation of hybrid maize in Malawi if credit is targeted at younger farmers that are credit-constrained.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Credit constraints; Hybrid maize; Adoption; Treatment- effect; Endogenous; Malawi; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51627

Market Access by Smallholder Farmers in Malawi: Implications for Technology Adoption, Agricultural Productivity, and Crop Income
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zeller,   Manfred; Diagne,   Aliou; Mataya,   Charles.
In Malawi, maize is the major crop and food staple. Given limited off-farm employment opportunities, much-needed increases in household income for improving food security must come from gains in agricultural productivity through better technology and more profitable crops. In the past, agricultural policy promoted hybrid maize and, more recently, tobacco to increase smallholder income. This paper presents an analysis of what determines the adoption of these two crops and what kind of income effects follow from adoption. Apart from factor endowment and exposure to agroecological risks, differences in the household's access to financial and commodity markets significantly influence its cropping shares and farm income.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Employment; Non-agricultural; Malawi; Tobacco; Price; Food Security; Maize; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97054

How robust are indicator based poverty assessment tools over time? Empirical evidence from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Edig,   Xenia; Schwarze,   Stefan; Zeller,   Manfred.
Eradicating poverty is one of the most urgent concerns of development policies. Organisations aiming at reducing poverty need simple and stable tools to detect poor households. Using data from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, this study aims to test first whether two indicators sets for poverty assessment found in 2005 are still capable in predicting absolute poverty and second, if the indicator composition remains robust over time. Data from two household surveys were used: In 2005 we surveyed 264 households in the vicinity of the Lore Lindu National Park in Central Sulawesi to obtain indicators of poverty and to derive the daily per capita consumption expenditures. In total 280 indicators were sampled. Two different multivariate regression models were fit to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty assessment; Poverty indicators; Robustness over time; Indonesia; Food Security and Poverty; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; I32; R15.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51674

Payments for environmental services : incentives through carbon sequestration compensation for cocoa-based agroforestry systems in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Seeberg-Elverfeldt,   Christina; Schwarze,   Stefan; Zeller,   Manfred.
Up to 25 percent of all anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are caused by deforestation, and Indonesia is the third largest greenhouse gas emitter worldwide due to land use change and deforestation. On the island of Sulawesi in the vicinity of the Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP), many smallholders contribute to conversion processes at the forest margin as a result of their agricultural practices. Specifically the area dedicated to cocoa plantations has increased from zero (1979) to nearly 18,000 hectares (2001). Some of these plots have been established inside the 220,000 hectares of the LLNP. An intensification process is observed with a consequent reduction of the shade tree density. This study assesses which impact carbon sequestration payments for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Payments for environmental services; Carbon sequestration; Agroforestry systems; Cocoa; Linear programming; Economic incentives; Poverty; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92827

Land allocation policy and conservation practices in the mountains of Northern Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saint-Macary,   Camille; Keil,   Alwin; Zeller,   Manfred.
In Vietnam, a quasi-private property regime has been established in 1993, with the issuance exchangeable and mortgageable land use right certificates. Using primary qualitative and quantitative data, this paper investigates the role of the titling policy in fostering the use of soil conservation practices by upland farmers in the northern mountains region. There, population growth and growing market demands have induced farmers to intensify agricultural production onto steep slopes. While poverty has been reduced, environmental 16 problems such as soil erosion, landslides, and declining soil fertility have become severe over the past years. Our findings suggest that soil conservation technologies although relatively well known are perceived as being...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land titling; Technology adoption; Upland agriculture; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; O13; Q24; Q56.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51763

Technology adoption and farmer efficiency in multiple crops production in eastern Ethiopia: A comparison of parametric and non-parametric distance functions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alene,   Arega D.; Zeller,   Manfred.
This study compares the empirical performances of the parametric distance functions(PDF) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) with applications to adopters of improved cereal production technology in eastern Ethiopia. The results from both approaches revealed substantial technical inefficiencies of production among the sample farmers. Technical efficiency estimates obtained from the two approaches are positively and significantly correlated. However, the DEA approach is shown to be very sensitive to outliers as well as to the choice of orientation. The PDF results are relatively more robust. The results from the preferred PDF approach revealed that adopters of improved technology have average technical efficiencies of 79%, implying that they could...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Multiple outputs; Distance functions; DEA; Technical efficiency; Ethiopia; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44089

PRODUCT INNOVATION FOR THE POOR: THE ROLE OF MICROFINANCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zeller,   Manfred.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16256

How Can Safety Nets Do More with Less? General Issues with Some Evidence from Southern Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haddad,   Lawrence James; Zeller,   Manfred.
This paper reviews design features by which safety nets might do more with less. It reviews the current evidence on their success in practice–including three brief reviews of southern Africa experience–and suggests a role for future policy research in furthering the goal of designing safety nets that reduce poverty in a cost-effective way. In doing so, the paper highlights a tension between the large gaps in our knowledge about the design of safety nets and the demand for short-run answers in this area.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Southern Africa; Welfare Economics; Safety Nets; Research; Poverty Alleviation; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97304

How Accurate is Participatory Wealth Ranking (PWR) in Targeting the Poor? A Case Study from Bangladesh
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zeller,   Manfred; Feulefack,   Joseph; Neef,   Andreas.
PWR is a participatory poverty assessment method that uses the ratings of local reference groups concerning the relative poverty status of households in their community. This paper assesses the accuracy of PWR in predicting absolute (income) poverty, and compares PWR with three other poverty assessment methods. Using a village census in 8 villages located in three of the six divisions of Bangladesh, 1660 households have been scored using the PWR method. A randomly selected subsample of 320 households was interviewed with a questionnaire employing the Living Standard Measurement Survey (LSMS) method. The data allow the identification of households that have per-capita expenditures below the international poverty line of 1 dollar a day. Our results show that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Participatory wealth ranking; Poverty targeting; Bangladesh; LSM; Food Security and Poverty; I3; C8.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25237

PLACEMENT AND OUTREACH OF GROUP-BASED CREDIT ORGANIZATIONS: THE CASES OF ASA, BRAC, AND PROSHIKA IN BANGLADESH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sharma,   Manohar P.; Zeller,   Manfred.
Bangladesh has witnessed major strides in providing financial services to the rural poor. These services are provided largely through innovative group-based credit programs of several nongovernmental organizations. The implicit but widespread assumption has been that they are indeed placed in special poverty-stricken areas. Is this assumption valid? If not, what factors actually affect programs' placement across communities? This paper uses an unique thana-level data set to analyze the placement of three group-based credit programs in Bangladesh. Analysis of branch placement indicates that, unlike commercial banks, nongovernmental institutions do respond to general conditions of poverty. However, it appears that NGO services are located more in poor...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94847

DO MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS REACH THE POOREST?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sharma,   Manohar P.; Zeller,   Manfred; Lapenu,   Cecile; Henry,   Carla.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16248

To Target or Not to Target? The cost efficiency of indicator-based targeting
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Houssou,   Nazaire; Zeller,   Manfred.
This paper assesses the cost efficiency of indicator-based targeting. Using household survey data from Malawi, we examine whether an indicator-based targeting of the poor is more target- and cost-efficient than the currently used mechanisms for targeting agricultural subsidy programs in the country.  There is compelling evidence in favor of targeting Malawi’s poor based on the newly developed system. An indicator-based targeting system appears to be more target- and cost-efficient than the 2000/01 Starter Pack and the 2006/07 Agricultural Input Subsidy Program (AISP). While the Starter Pack and the AISP transferred about 50% of total transfer, under an indicator-based system, about 73% of transfers are delivered to the poor. Likewise, under an...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Malawi; Poverty targeting; Validation tests; Cost efficiency; Development policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; Political Economy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C01; C13; I32.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61007

Prospects and Challenges of Biofuels in Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zeller,   Manfred; Grass,   Martin.
Two driving forces of global change will have a decisive influence on the future of world's agriculture and forestry, and therefore on poverty reduction, the environment and economic growth in developing countries. These are the on-going climate change, and our increasingly pressing need to switch to renewable, i.e. sustainable energy. Progress towards substituting fossil with renewable energy will mitigate the risk of severe climate change. One principal source of future renewable energy will come from biomass, apart from wind, solar, water, and a few other sources. In this paper, we focus on biomass from agriculture and forestry. The objective is to review the current situation and likely future trends in developed and developing countries concerning the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7945

Operational Models for Improving the Targeting Efficiency of Agricultural and Development Policies: A systematic comparison of different estimation methods using out-of-sample tests
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Houssou,   Nazaire; Zeller,   Manfred.
Accurate targeting is key for the success of any development policy. While a number of factors might explain low targeting efficiency such as governance failure, political interference or lack of political will, this paper focuses on improving indicator-based models that identify poor households and smallholder farmers more accurately.    Using stepwise regressions along with out-of-sample validation tests and receiver operating characteristic curves, this paper develops proxy means tests models for rural and urban Malawi. The models developed have proved their validity in an independent sample and therefore, can be used to target a wide range of development policies to the poor. This makes the models a potentially interesting policy tool for the country.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Malawi; Poverty targeting; Predictions; Proxy means tests; Out-of-sample tests; ROC curve; Bootstrap; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Political Economy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C01; C13; C51; C52; I3; I32; Q14.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51454

Determinants of Farmers' Resilience towards ENSO-Related Drought: Evidence from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Keil,   Alwin; Zeller,   Manfred; Wida,   Anastasia; Sanim,   Bunasor; Birner,   Regina.
Crop production in the tropics is subject to considerable climate variability caused by the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. In Southeast Asia, El Niño causes comparatively dry conditions leading to substantial declines of crop yields. In concert with global warming, the frequency and severity of the phenomenon are likely to increase during the 21st century. Little is known about the impact of ENSO-related drought on the welfare of farm households in developing countries. This paper seeks to contribute to closing this knowledge gap with a case study from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Its objective is to measure household resilience towards drought periods and identify its influencing factors to deduce policy implications. Using...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: ENSO; Drought resilience; Risk management; Technical efficiency; Indonesia; Farm Management; Q54; Q12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25592

EMPIRICAL MEASUREMENTS OF HOUSEHOLDS' ACCESS TO CREDIT AND CREDIT CONSTRAINTS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES AND EVIDENCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diagne,   Aliou; Zeller,   Manfred; Sharma,   Manohar P.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15985

Insights from the Guatemalan food system: an application of exploratory spatial data analysis techniques for food security analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alcaraz V.,   Gabriela; Zeller,   Manfred.
The achievement of food security for all remains one of the main development objectives worldwide. Most commonly, non-spatial models are developed for either explaining the underlying determinants of food insecurity and undernourishment or for predicting their changes, so as for identifying vulnerable groups for targeting support. Such approach ignores geographic determinants and the spatial dependency of food security and nutrition outcomes. This paper seeks to address this issue. We use nationally representative data from Guatemala, which faces high and rising rates of undernourishment and child stunting in spite of the efforts engaged on their reduction. Through exploratory spatial data analysis and overlay techniques, some elements embedded in the food...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food-system; Spatial; Guatemala; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51488

Operational Poverty Targeting by Means of Proxy Indicators - The Example of Peru
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johannsen,   Julia; Zeller,   Manfred.
The measurement of per capita daily expenditures which are compared with a monetary poverty line is the most widely used approach regarding poverty assessment. It is, however, based on the implementation of time and cost-intensive household surveys and, therefore, not an operational method for targeting poor households with development services. The paper shows how to identify an alternative poverty assessment tool for Peru. It consists of a maximum of 15 powerful predictors of per-capita household expenditures selected out of a wide range of indicators from different poverty dimensions such as education, assets and housing characteristics. By applying the maximizing-R-squared regression technique to identify the best 5 to 15 predictors, we avoid an...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty indicators; Targeting; Expenditure predictions; Percent point function; Peru; Food Security and Poverty; I3; C8.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25492

MICRO-LENDING FOR SMALL FARMERS IN BANGLADESH: DOES IT AFFECT FARM HOUSEHOLDS' LAND ALLOCATION DECISION?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rashid,   Shahidur; Sharma,   Manohar P.; Zeller,   Manfred.
It has long been hypothesized that lack of access to credit is the main reason why, despite higher profitability of High Yielding Varieties (HYVs), farmers in developing countries continue to allocate a portion of their land to traditional crop varieties. The empirical testing of this hypothesis has generated a large body of literature with differing conclusions. This paper re-examines the issue in the context of a specially designed group based lending programs for small farmers in Bangladesh, who neither have access to formal sources of credit nor do they qualify to become members of other micro-credit organizations. Two measures of access to credit, credit limit and amount borrowed at a given point in time, are used to analyze the determinants of farm...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16230

Nachwachsende Rohstoffe – entwicklungspolitisch einmal anders gedacht
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Breuer,   Thomas; Henckes,   Christian; Loos,   Tim K.; Zeller,   Manfred.
Steigende Agrarpreise, und damit steigende Nahrungsmittelpreise, beleben die Diskussion über die Notwendigkeit der „Non-Food“-Nutzung (Anbau von Energiepflanzen, aber auch Pflanzen für die stoffliche Nutzung, z.B. Holz oder Kautschuk) von Agrarrohstoffen. Dieses Diskussionspapier betrachtet die allgemeinen Brennpunkte der Debatte und erörtert speziell die Möglichkeiten von Biotreibstoffen als Triebkraft für Investitionen in Infrastruktur und Marktzugang im ländlichen Raum und als Treiber der Nachhaltigkeitsdiskussion im Agrarsektor der Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländer. Auf lange Sicht ist die konkurrierende Nutzung von Land für Energie- und Nahrungsmittelpflanzen differenziert zu betrachten. Kurz- bis mittelfristig jedoch ist die energetische und...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agrarrohstoffe; Biomasse; Nachwachsender Rohstoff; Entwicklungszusammenarbeit; Agrarpolitik; Nachhaltigkeit; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q16; Q2; Q4.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114751

Developing Poverty Assessment Tools Based on Principal Component Analysis: Results from Bangladesh, Kazakhstan, Uganda, and Peru
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zeller,   Manfred; Houssou,   Nazaire; Alcaraz V.,   Gabriela; Schwarze,   Stefan; Johannsen,   Julia.
Developing accurate, yet operational poverty assessment tools to target the poorest households remains a challenge for applied policy research. This paper aims to develop poverty assessment tools for four countries: Bangladesh, Peru, Uganda, and Kazakhstan. The research applies the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to seek the best set of variables that predict the household poverty status using easily measurable socio-economic indicators. Out of sample validations tests are performed to assess the prediction power of a tool. Finally, the PCA results are compared with those obtained from regressions models. In-sample estimation results suggest that the Quantile regression technique is the first best method in all four countries, except Kazakhstan. The PCA...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty assessment; Targeting; Principal component analysis; Bangladesh; Peru; Kazakhstan; Uganda; Food Security and Poverty; H5; Q14; I3.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25396

PATHWAYS OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN MADAGASCAR: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE CRITICAL TRIANGLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zeller,   Manfred; Lapenu,   Cecile; Minten,   Bart; Ralison,   Eliane; Randrianaivo,   Desire; Randrianarisoa,   Jean Claude.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15983

A TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS OF THE BEEF SUPPLY RESPONSE IN RUSSIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL SECTOR DEVELOPMENT POLICIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antonova,   Maria; Zeller,   Manfred.
This study analyses the substantial decline in livestock sector in Russia during the last twenty years. The observed decline could be explained by a range of factors, which are supported in this paper through a review of past research results as well as time series data related to the livestock sector. The study concludes with implications and recommendations for agricultural sector development policies.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Russia; Beef livestock decline; Prices of beef; Agricultural and Food Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7791

THE TRIANGLE OF MICROFINANCE: FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY, OUTREACH AND IMPACT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zeller,   Manfred; Meyer,   Richard L.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16592

How Best to Target the Poor? An operational targeting of the poor using indicator-based proxy means tests
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Houssou,   Nazaire; Zeller,   Manfred; Alcaraz V.,   Gabriela; Johannsen,   Julia; Schwarze,   Stefan.
This paper seeks to answer an operational development question: how best to target the poor? In their endeavor, policy makers, program managers, and development practitioners face the daily challenge of targeting policies, projects, and services at the poorer strata of the population. This is also the case for microfinance institutions that seek to estimate the poverty outreach among their clients. This paper addresses these challenges. Using household survey data from Uganda, we estimate four alternative models for improving the identification of the poor in the country. Furthermore, we analyze the model sensitivity to different poverty lines and test their validity using bootstrapped simulation methods.  While there is bound to be some errors, no...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Uganda; Poverty assessment; Targeting; Proxy means tests; Validations; Bootstrap; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95780

FACTORS AFFECTING REPAYMENT RATES IN GROUP-BASED LENDING: FINDINGS FROM BANGLADESH AND MADAGASCAR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sharma,   Manohar P.; Zeller,   Manfred.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16254

Using panel data to estimate the effect of rainfall shocks on smallholders food security and vulnerability in rural Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Demeke,   Abera Birhanu; Zeller,   Manfred.
Ethiopia's agriculture is predominantly rainfed and hence any irregularity in weather conditions has adverse welfare implications. Using panel data, this paper analyzes the effect of rainfall shocks on Ethiopian rural households' food security and vulnerability over time while controlling for a range of other factors. To this end, we generated a time-variant household food security index which is developed by principal components analysis. Based on the scores of the index, households were classified into relative food security groups and their socioeconomic differences were assessed. The exploratory results show that compared to the less secured households, the more secured ones have male and literate household heads, tend to have a greater number of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Principal components analysis; Rainfall; Panel data; Ethiopia; Food Security and Poverty; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q18; C13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57994

DISTRIBUTION, GROWTH AND PERFORMANCE OF MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS IN AFRICA, ASIA AND LATIN AMERICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lapenu,   Cecile; Zeller,   Manfred.
How many microfinance institutions (MFIs) exist in the developing world? What are their current performances? In 1999, an International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) team on microfinance conducted a survey on MFIs in Asia, Africa, and Latin America in order to offer a new in-depth analysis on the distribution and performances of MFIs at the international level. A systematic sampling has been adopted through the contacting of international NGOs and networks supporting various MFIs. The information has been complemented by a review of publications and technical manuals on microfinance. The database of MFIs from 85 developing countries shows 1,500 institutions (790 institutions worldwide plus 688 in Indonesia) supported by international...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16446

Maize boom in the uplands of Northern Vietnam : economic importance and environmental implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Keil,   Alwin; Saint-Macary,   Camille; Zeller,   Manfred.
In Vietnam, the demand for meat products has grown dramatically due to rapid economic growth and urbanisation and is expected to further increase in the future. Being the primary source of feed for the country’s livestock and poultry industry, maize has become the second most important crop after rice. While this maize boom has the potential to reduce rural poverty, it promotes the expansion of agricultural cultivation into fragile agro-ecological zones, often leading to deforestation and soil degradation, especially in the uplands. Using empirical evidence from mountainous Yen Chau district in north-western Vietnam, the objective of this paper is to investigate the current economic importance and environmental implications of maize cultivation....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Maize area expansion; Environmental sustainability; Tobit regression; Vietnam; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92829

Rural Finance Policies for Food Security of the Poor: Methodologies for a Multicountry Research Project
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zeller,   Manfred; Ahmed,   Akhter U.; Babu,   Suresh Chandra; Broca,   Sumiter; Diagne,   Aliou; Sharma,   Manohar P.
The objective of IFPRI's multicountry research program on rural financial policies for food security of the poor is to identify policies and institutional arrangements that help the poor integrate themselves into sustainable savings and credit systems such that they have an increased capacity to invest, bear risk, and smooth consumption. The focus of the research on policy and program design and their effects on household investment and consumption requires field data collection at the institutional and household level. This paper presents the underlying conceptual framework and various methodological approaches that have been reviewed and tested by the team at IFPRI and at collaborating institutions. Methodologies are presented for analysis at the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security; Developing Countries; Financial Institutions; Households; Economic Aspects; Financial Economics; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97308

Determinants of credit rationing: a study of informal lenders and formal credit groups in Madagascar
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zeller,   Manfred.
Previous research on the determinants of credit rationing exclusively focused on the behavior of formal lenders who contract directly with an individual borrower. Based on a household survey in Madagascar, this paper presents an analysis of credit rationing behavior by informal lenders and by members of community-based groups that allocate formal group loans among themselves. The results show that group members obtain and use locally available information about the applicant's creditworthiness in much the same way that informal lenders do. This paper therefore empirically confirms theoretical arguments made that community-based groups have an information advantage over distant formal bank agents.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50032

Repayment Performance in Group-based Credit Programs in Bangladesh: An Empirical Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sharma,   Manohar P.; Zeller,   Manfred.
This paper analyzes the repayment rates of credit groups belonging to three group-based credit programs in Bangladesh: the Association for Social Advancement (ASA), the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC), and the Rangpur Dinajpur Rural Service (RDRS). Hypotheses are drawn from economic theory relating group responsibility, and the resulting monitoring by peers, to a more effective enforcement of contractual obligations as well as to improved ability of the group as a whole to repay loans. Specific tests are performed on the following hypothesized determinants: group size, size of loans, degree of loan rationing, enterprise mix within groups, demographic characteristics, social ties and status, and occurrence of idiosyncratic shocks. Analysis is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Credit; Research; Methodology; Bangladesh; Financial Economics.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97302

PATHWAYS OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN MADAGASCAR: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE CRITICAL TRIANGLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zeller,   Manfred; Lapenu,   Cecile; Minten,   Bart; Ralison,   Eliane; Randrianaivo,   Desire; Randrianarisoa,   Jean Claude.
This paper is based on community-level data from 188 villages in rural Madagascar. The survey that was conducted in 1997 made extensive use of long-term recall questions ascertaining changes during the past 10 years in rice yields, wages, population, soil fertility, and other pertinent variables of rural development. We find that—on average for all villages—the yields of irrigated rice, the major food crop, and real agricultural wages declined, while the communities expanded their upland area by nearly a quarter and experienced deteriorating fertility of their upland soils. These patterns are consistent with the wide-held belief that rural areas in Madagascar have witnessed increased poverty, economic stagnation, and a continued degradation of the natural...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16456

Land titling policy and soil conservation in the uplands of Northern Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saint-Macary,   Camille; Keil,   Alwin; Zeller,   Manfred; Heidhues,   Franz; Dung,   Pham Thi My.
Up to 25 percent of all anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are caused by deforestation, and Indonesia is the third largest greenhouse gas emitter worldwide due to land use change and deforestation. On the island of Sulawesi in the vicinity of the Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP), many smallholders contribute to conversion processes at the forest margin as a result of their agricultural practices. Specifically the area dedicated to cocoa plantations has increased from zero (1979) to nearly 18,000 hectares (2001). Some of these plots have been established inside the 220,000 hectares of the LLNP. An intensification process is observed with a consequent reduction of the shade tree density. This study assesses which impact carbon sequestration payments for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92828

AN OPERATIONAL METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE POVERTY OUTREACH PERFORMANCE OF DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS: RESULTS FROM FOUR CASE STUDIES IN AFRICA, ASIA AND LATIN AMERICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zeller,   Manfred; Sharma,   Manohar P.; Henry,   Carla; Lapenu,   Cecile.
Many development projects seek to reach the poorest in the provision of agricultural inputs, extension, credit, education, and many other services.  However, low-cost and reliable methods for assessing whether a project reaches the poor are lacking at present.  In this paper, we present an operational method that was designed during a two-year research project from 1999-2001 with the support of an international donor-coordination office.  The objective of the research was to develop and test a new method that could be later used by development practitioners to assess the poverty level of beneficiaries of development projects that target the poor in relation to the general population in the intervention area.  The method constructs a poverty index using...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Targeting; Evaluation; Principle component analysis; Food Security and Poverty; International Development.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25907

Effect of contract farming on productivity and income of small holders: The case of tea production in north-western Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saigenji,   Yoshiko; Zeller,   Manfred.
This paper examines potential of contract farming as a rural development tool by revealing its effect on productivity and income of small holders in tea production in north-western Vietnam. In the present research, three economic analyses are applied. First, the technical efficiency of tea production is estimated by using stochastic frontier model. The results show that contract farming achieved significantly higher technical efficiency compared to non-contract farming. Second, logit model is investigated to determine the influential socio-economic characteristics of households for contract participation. The model indicates that social relationship of households, such as the membership in the communist party, play an important role in contract...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contract farming; Tea; Vietnam; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; Productivity Analysis; C21; D24; O12; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51681

ACCESS TO CREDIT AND ITS IMPACT ON WELFARE IN MALAWI
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diagne,   Aliou; Zeller,   Manfred.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics; Public Economics.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16530

Agricultural Commercialization in the Uplands of Northern Vietnam: How to Achieve Both Poverty Reduction and Environmental Sustainability Goals?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Keil,   Alwin; Saint-Macary,   Camille; Zeller,   Manfred.
Income growth and urbanization in developing countries have enlarged markets for highvalue agricultural commodities. However, there are concerns that lacking access to physical, financial, and human capital, as well as infrastructure and institutions limit the ability of the poor to participate in and benefit from such commercial agricultural activities. There may further be a trade-off between wealth enhancing effects of intensive commercial agriculture and adverse long-term effects on farmers’ livelihoods due to natural resource degradation. This study provides empirical evidence on these crucial issues and derives related policy recommendations using the example of Vietnam. Here, economic growth has boosted the demand for animal products and,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural commercialization; Maize cultivation; Sustainability; Tobit regression; Vietnam; Landwirtschaftliche Kommerzialisierung; Maisanbau; Nachhaltigkeit; Tobit-Regression; Vietnam; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114487

Drought impacts and related risk management by smallholder farmers in developing countries: evidence from Awash River Basin, Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Murendo,   Conrad; Keil,   Alwin; Zeller,   Manfred.
Climate risk studies have largely neglected household coping and adaptation strategies. In this paper we analyze drought impacts, drought risk management, and resulting drought resilience in Awash River Basin of Ethiopia based on socio-economic data collected from 43 randomly selected Peasant Associations. We find that severe drought periods have led to a significant depression of crop yields and to widespread death of livestock in the past. Drought periods have drastically increased the proportion of food insecure households and lengthened the duration of food insecurity in the area. Since, with climate change, drought periods are predicted to become more frequent in this region in the future, the problem of food insecurity is likely to become even more...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Drought; Drought risk management; Ethiopia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; O13; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114750

Sustainable rural development: What is the role of the agri-food sector?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Just,   Flemming; Emmanuel,   Adinyira; Oteng-Seifah,   Samuel; Theophilus,   Adjei-Kumi; Theophilus,   Ernst-August; Cimpoies,   Dragos; Zhemoyda,   Oleksandr V.; Portyanko,   Mariya; Danilowska,   Alina; Danilowska,   Anna; Kosodiy,   Roman; Mishenin,   Eugeniy; Bokusheva,   Raushan; Sannikova,   Marina; Heidelbach,   Olaf; Jia,   Xiangping; Heidhues,   Franz; Zeller,   Manfred; Baker,   Derek; Abildtrup,   Jens; Hedetoft,   Anders; Milczarek,   Dominika; Malak-Rawlikowska,   Agata; Falkowski,   Jan; Barussaud,   Emilien; Raymond,   Richard; Poletto,   Ana; Margarian,   Anne; Fock,   Achim; Fock,   Karin; Pufahl,   Andrea; Grajewski,   Regina; Sholpan,   Sholpan; Sannikova,   Marina; Fahrmann,   Barbara; Maciejczak,   Mariusz; Was,   Adam.
This volume of proceedings, available both as hard copy and pdf, is an edited compilation of selected contributions to the IAMO Forum 2007, which will be held in Halle (Saale), Germany, at the Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe from 27 to 29 June 2007. We would like to thank all those persons and organisations who contributed to the realisation of the IAMO Forum 2007 and the volume in hand. First of all, we thank all lecturers, whose commitment and papers made both the conference and the publication possible. Furthermore, we appreciate the financial support provided by the Federal Ministry of, Food, Agriculture, and Consumer Protection and the Federal State of Saxony-Anhalt. The conference would not be successful...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Industrial Organization; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92324

DISTRIBUTION, GROWTH AND PERFORMANCE OF MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS IN AFRICA, ASIA, AND LATIN AMERICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lapenu,   Cecile; Zeller,   Manfred.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15965

Use of household food insecurity scales for assessing poverty in Bangladesh and Uganda.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alcaraz V.,   Gabriela; Zeller,   Manfred.
An important dimension of poverty is access to food. Household food security implies access to the food needed for a healthy and productive life. Lack of access to and/or impaired utilization of food contribute to household food insecurity. This study compares the utility of a standardized food security scale for determining the food insecurity status of rural and urban households in Bangladesh and Uganda and for predicting poverty status. The analysis uses data from the IRIS Composite Survey Household Questionnaire (2004), which consists of 1,587 households (approximately 800 households in each country). The coping mechanisms adopted in the presence of food shortage represent the building blocks for development of the scale (7 items). In order to assess...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7939

RURAL FINANCIAL SERVICES FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION: THE ROLE OF PUBLIC POLICY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sharma,   Manohar P.; Zeller,   Manfred.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16249

Income Sources, Poverty, and Forest Encroachment: Implications for Rural Development Policies in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schwarze,   Stefan; Zeller,   Manfred; Nuryartono,   Nunung.
This paper analyses the determinants of income generating activities of rural households in the vicinity of the Lore-Lindu National Park in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The focus is on activities which threaten the integrity of the national park (perennial crop production and sale of forest products) and on non-agricultural activities (wage labour and self-employment) which are able to reduce poverty without threatening the national park. The analysis allows to identify factors which are essentially for the design of policies and programmes aiming to promote rural development and to protect the national park. Perennial crop production and activities outside the agricultural sector are particularly important for the less-poor households, whereas the selling...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25764

Determinants of Repayment Performance in Credit Groups: The Role of Program Design, Intra-group Risk Pooling, and Social Cohesion in Madagascar
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zeller,   Manfred.
Group lending has received much attention in recent years because of its perceived potential in providing financial services to poor households that lack traditional collateral. The analysis in this paper focuses on the effects of program design, community and group characteristics on the repayment performance of groups, using a data set on groups from six different lending programs in Madagascar. The results show that socially cohesive groups pool risks by diversifying the members’ asset portfolio so that their repayment performance is improved even in communities with high-risk exposure.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community Participation; Madagascar; Credit; Financial Economics.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97299

Agricultural economics and transition: What was expected, what we observed, the lessons learned  Proceedings (Volume I / II)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Csaki,   Csaba; Forgacs,   Csaba; Koester,   Ulrich; Liefert,   William M.; Banse,   Martin; Gay,   Stephan Hubertus; McDonald,   Scott; M'Barek,   Robert; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.; Kim,   Hanho; An,   Donghwan; Hubbard,   Lionel J.; Rieger,   Laszlo; Szoke,   Gyula; Cristoiu,   Adriana; Udovc,   Andrej; Kagan,   Adam; Sassi,   Maria; Takacs,   Istvan; Takacs,   Emese; Cimpoies,   Dragos; Ertsey,   Imre; Kovacs,   Sandor; Przygodzka,   Renata; Dziemianowicz,   Ryta Iwona; Magda,   Robert; Borodina,   Elena; Borodina,   Alexandra; Gavrilescu,   Dinu; Pecze,   Denes; Balogh,   Peter; Cechura,   Lukas; Sayin,   Cengiz; Cengiz,   M. Nisa; Osanami,   Fumio; Szabo,   Gabor G.; Karaman,   Suleyman; Szekely,   Geza; Szczepaniak,   Iwona; Szczegolska,   Monika; Serova,   Eugenia; Pieniadz,   Agata; Barmon,   Basanta Kumar; Kondo,   Takumi; Becvarova,   Vera; Levkovych,   Inna; Hockmann,   Heinrich; Bezlepkina,   Irina V.; Kupavych,   Alexander; Konig,   Gabor; Halmai,   Peter; Vasary,   Viktoria; Vincze,   Maria-Magdolna; Lerman,   Zvi; Kolcsey,   Andrea; Bokusheva,   Raushan; Turtoi,   Crina Sinziana; Toma,   Camelia; Gavrilescu,   Camelia; Davidova,   Sophia; Blaas,   Gejza; Antonova,   Maria; Zeller,   Manfred; Deininger,   Klaus W.; Savastano,   Sara; Carletto,   Calogero; Caceres-Clavero,   Francisco; Lucena-Cobos,   Blanca; Latruffe,   Laure; Takacs-Gyorgy,   Katalin; Bandlerova,   Anna; Sadowski,   Adam; Gomez y Paloma,   Sergio; Luca,   Lucian; Cristoiu,   Adriana; Ciaian,   Pavel; Pokrivcak,   Jan; Drabik,   Dusan; Voneki,   Eva; Tonini,   Axel; Burger,   Anna; Szep,   Katalin; Majewski,   Edward; Raggi,   Meri; Viaggi,   Davide; Maccarini,   Elisa Ricci; Monasterolo,   Irene; Vandeplas,   Anneleen; Jongeneel,   Roelof A.; Novak,   Petr; Brasili,   Cristina; Meyer,   William H.; Kuhne,   Bianka; Fanfani,   Roberto; Gellynck,   Xavier; Molnar,   Adrienn; Gagalyuk,   Taras; Traikova,   Diana; Mollers,   Judith; Cochrane,   Nancy J.; Kazlauskiene,   Natalija; Fekete-Farkas,   Maria; Molnar,   Jozsef; Szucs,   Istvan; Popp,   Jozsef; Udovecz,   Gabor; Florkowski,   Wojciech J.; Fritzsch,   Jana; Buchenrieder,   Gertrud; Kasarjyan,   Milada; Podruzsik,   Szilard; Korff,   Rudiger; Wilkin,   Jerzy; van Leeuwen,   Myrna; Bartova,   Lubica; Erjavec,   Emil; Katona-Kovacs,   Judit; Baranyai,   Zsolt; Hubbard,   Carmen.
Over fifteen years have elapsed since the transition from the centrally planned economic system started in the early 1990’s. During this time agricultural and rural areas of Central and Eastern Europe have undergone profound structural changes with wide variations in the degree of transformation and in the rate of success in creating a competitive market and private ownership based food and agricultural system. By becoming member of the European Union the "transition" in its traditional interpretation has been concluded in ten of the Central East European countries. The transition to market based agriculture, however, is far from completion in Southern and Eastern Europe and especially in the CIS countries. International Association of Agricultural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Industrial Organization; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92319

Could carbon payments be a solution to deforestation? Empirical evidence from Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Seeberg-Elverfeldt,   Christina; Schwarze,   Stefan; Zeller,   Manfred.
Up to 25 percent of all anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are caused by deforestation, and Indonesia is the third largest emitter worldwide due to land use change and deforestation. On the island of Sulawesi in the vicinity of the Lore Lindu National Park, smallholders contribute to conversion processes at the forest margin as a result of their agricultural practices. Specifically the area dedicated to cocoa plantations has increased from zero in 1979 to nearly 18,000 hectares in 2001. Some of these plots have been established inside the 220,000 hectares of the National Park. An intensification process is observed with a consequent reduction of the shade tree density. This study focuses on the impact of carbon sequestration payments for forest...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Payments for Environmental Services; Avoided Deforestation; Linear Programming; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44182

Proxy Means Tests for Targeting the Poorest Households -- Applications to Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Houssou,   Nazaire; Zeller,   Manfred; Alcaraz V.,   Gabriela; Schwarze,   Stefan; Johannsen,   Julia.
The motivation for this research stems from increasing interest showed for the issue of targeting. The paper explores the use of proxy means tests to identify the poorest households in Uganda. The set of indicators used in our model includes variables usually available in Living Standard Measurement Surveys (LSMS). Previous researches seeking to develop proxy means tests for poverty most often use Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) as regression method. In addition to the OLS, the paper explores the use of Linear Probability Model, Probit, and Quantile regressions for correctly predicting the household poverty status. A further innovation of this research compared to the existing literature is the use of out-of sample validation tests to assess the predictive...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Uganda; Poverty assessment; Targeting; Proxy means test; Out-of-sample test; Bootstrap; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7946

The Impact of Access to Credit on the Adoption of hybrid maize in Malawi: An Empirical test of an Agricultural Household Model under credit market failure
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Simtowe,   Franklin; Zeller,   Manfred.
Guided by the frame work of a household model under credit market failure, this paper aims at investigating the impact of access to credit on the adoption of hybrid maize among households that vary in their credit constraints. The data used in the study is from Malawi collected by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).Using the direct elicitation approach; households are classified into constrained and unconstrained regimes. The impact of access to credit is estimated using a switching regression in a Double-Hurdle model. Results reveal that while access to credit increases adoption among credit constrained households, it has no effect among unconstrained households. Results also show that factors that affect adoption among credit...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Credit constraints; Double-hurdle; Hybrid maize; Adoption; Malawi; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52076

AN OPERATIONAL TOOL FOR EVALUATING POVERTY OUTREACH OF DEVELOPMENT POLICIES AND PROJECTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zeller,   Manfred; Sharma,   Manohar P.; Henry,   Carla; Lapenu,   Cecile.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; International Development.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15966