Consulta: subjectFacets:"Agricultural policy"
Registros recuperados: 200
Data/hora: 06/06/2024 03:32:40

Construcción de una matriz de contabilidad social para Santa Clara Ocoyucan Puebla, y evaluación de escenarios de política económica.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Mejía Méndez, Guillermo.
Una política agrícola congruente con las necesidades reales del entorno ayuda a favorecer el desarrollo económico de las comunidades. La construcción de una Matriz de Contabilidad Social nos permite conocer bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, la estructura económica de la comunidad sin importar el tamaño de esta. Para conocer las características de Santa Clara Ocoyucan en el año 2007 se empleo la metodología propuesta para la construcción de Matrices de Contabilidad Social para Pueblos propuesto por Yunes Naude, y para evaluar los diferentes escenarios se uso el Modelo Multisectorial de Multiplicadores (MML) utilizando el paquete computacional GAMS (General Algebraic Modeling System). En el análisis se encontró que la comunidad de Santa Clara Ocoyucan   aun el...
Palavras-chave: Matriz de contabilidad social; Modelo multisectorial de multiplicadores; Política agrícola; PROCAMPO; Social accountability matrix; Multisector model of multipliers; Agricultural policy; Doctorado; Economía.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/64

La política agrícola en México durante el periodo 1995-2009: un análisis multivariado.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Delgadillo Aguilar, Nicéforo.
Las políticas agrícolas, requieren de una coherencia con las políticas macroeconómicas. El objetivo central de la investigación, fue analizar la participación del gobierno mexicano en el desarrollo del sector agropecuario en el periodo de 1995 a 2009. La metodología utilizada es mediante el análisis multivariado. La política agrícola se clasifico en  cuatro grupos, y en cada uno se efectuó un análisis de componentes principales, de donde se obtuvo por un lado información referente a la estructura de cada grupo, y por el otro, dadas las propiedades del análisis, se redujo el número de variables originales de política agrícola a unas cuantas variables nuevas o componentes principales. Esto permitió realizar un análisis de política global con cuatro...
Palavras-chave: Política agrícola; Análisis multivariado; Producto interno bruto agropecuario; Agricultural policy; Multivariate analysis; Agricultural gross domestic product; Maestría; Economía.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/427

Construcción de una matriz de contabilidad social para Santa Clara Ocoyucan Puebla, y evaluación de escenarios de política económica.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Mejía Méndez, Guillermo.
Una política agrícola congruente con las necesidades reales del entorno ayuda a favorecer el desarrollo económico de las comunidades. La construcción de una Matriz de Contabilidad Social nos permite conocer bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, la estructura económica de la comunidad sin importar el tamaño de esta. Para conocer las características de Santa Clara Ocoyucan en el año 2007 se empleo la metodología propuesta para la construcción de Matrices de Contabilidad Social para Pueblos propuesto por Yunes Naude, y para evaluar los diferentes escenarios se uso el Modelo Multisectorial de Multiplicadores (MML) utilizando el paquete computacional GAMS (General Algebraic Modeling System). En el análisis se encontró que la comunidad de Santa Clara Ocoyucan   aun el...
Palavras-chave: Matriz de contabilidad social; Modelo multisectorial de multiplicadores; Política agrícola; PROCAMPO; Social accountability matrix; Multisector model of multipliers; Agricultural policy; Doctorado; Economía.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/64

La política agrícola en México durante el periodo 1995-2009: un análisis multivariado.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Delgadillo Aguilar, Nicéforo.
Las políticas agrícolas, requieren de una coherencia con las políticas macroeconómicas. El objetivo central de la investigación, fue analizar la participación del gobierno mexicano en el desarrollo del sector agropecuario en el periodo de 1995 a 2009. La metodología utilizada es mediante el análisis multivariado. La política agrícola se clasifico en  cuatro grupos, y en cada uno se efectuó un análisis de componentes principales, de donde se obtuvo por un lado información referente a la estructura de cada grupo, y por el otro, dadas las propiedades del análisis, se redujo el número de variables originales de política agrícola a unas cuantas variables nuevas o componentes principales. Esto permitió realizar un análisis de política global con cuatro...
Palavras-chave: Política agrícola; Análisis multivariado; Producto interno bruto agropecuario; Agricultural policy; Multivariate analysis; Agricultural gross domestic product; Maestría; Economía.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/427

Contribución de sector agropecuario a la economía
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Barboza Carrasco, Irene.
Las mediciones tradicionales de la contribución del sector agropecuario a la economía  se reducen básicamente al aporte que éste hace al Producto Interno Bruto (PIB), esto  debido a las limitaciones estadísticas que impiden generar modelos y realizar análisis  detallados. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo generar una matriz de contabilidad  social (SAM) actualizada al año 2004 para que a través de su análisis y el de  multiplicadores contables se pudiera medir la contribución del sector a la economía.  Además de lo anterior, ante los retos que enfrenta el gobierno en la coherencia de las  políticas de apoyo para desarrollar al sector, se analiza el efecto que tiene una   transferencia a los hogares contra el efecto generado si el recurso se destina a...
Tipo: Tesis
Palavras-chave: SAM; Multiplicadores contables; Política agropecuaria; Doctorado; Economía; Accounting multipliers; Agricultural policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/1262

Combining Policy Network and Model-Based Scenario Analyses: An Assessment of Future Ecosystem Goods and Services in Swiss Mountain Regions
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hirschi, Christian; Professorship of Environmental Policy and Economics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich); christian.hirschi@env.ethz.ch; Widmer, Alexander; Professorship of Environmental Policy and Economics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich); widmeale@env.ethz.ch; Briner, Simon; Agri-food and Agri-environmental Economics Group, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich); briners@ethz.ch; Huber, Robert; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL; robert.huber@wsl.ch.
We argue that the often-proclaimed disregard of ex-ante assessments of the provision of ecosystem goods and services in policy-making processes is not only due to a neglect or a misinterpretation of the results of such assessments in the relevant political processes, but also due to an inaccurate inclusion of political variables into those assessments. To address this weakness, we combine a model-based scenario analysis with a policy network analysis. Analyzing the structure of the policy network and taking into account the policy preferences of the individual network actors allows us to assess the feasibility and likelihood of policy developments as derived from scenario-based modeling assessments. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach in an...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Ecosystem goods and services; Ex-ante assessments; Model-based scenario analysis; Mountain regions; Policy network analysis; Switzerland.
Ano: 2013

An integrated social and ecological modeling framework&amp;#8212;impacts of agricultural conservation practices on water quality
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dalo&amp;#287;lu, Irem; School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan; daloglu@umich.edu; Nassauer, Joan Iverson; School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan; nassauer@umich.edu; Riolo, Rick; Center for the Studies of Complex Systems, University of Michigan; rlriolo@umich.edu; Scavia, Donald; School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan; Graham Environmental Sustainability Institute, University of Michigan; scavia@umich.edu.
We present a modeling framework that synthesizes social, economic, and ecological aspects of landscape change to evaluate how different agricultural policy and land tenure scenarios and land management preferences affect landscape pattern and downstream water quality. We linked a stylized agent-based model (ABM) of farmers&amp;#8217; conservation practice adoption decisions with a water quality model, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), to simulate the water quality effects of changing land tenure dynamics and different policies for crop revenue insurance in lieu of commodity payments over 41 years (1970&amp;#8211;2010) for a predominantly agricultural watershed of Lake Erie.  Results show that non-operator owner involvement in land management...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: ABM; Agricultural policy; Agriculture; Conservation practice; Integrated modeling; SWAT; Water quality.
Ano: 2014

Projeto EMBRAPA: a pesquisa agropecuária rumo ao século XXI.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: FLORES, M. X.
O papel da EMBRAPA; A reorganziaÇÃo da EMBRAPA; Diretrizes; Prioridades.
Tipo: Documentos (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: EMBRAPA; Administration; Administração; Pesquisa; Política Agrícola; Agricultural policy; Research.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/96693

Pesquisa agrícola como instrumento de política.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: ALVES, E. R. de A.
bitstream/item/150798/1/Pesquisa-agricola-.pdf
Tipo: Documentos (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Brasil; Sistema; Management; System.; Administração; Agricultura; Política Agrícola.; Pesquisa; Agricultural policy; Agriculture; Research.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/95392

A pesquisa e os ganhos de produtividade em culturas alimentares no Brasil.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: ALVES, E. R. de A.
Evolução da oferta e demanda; Rumos da pesquisa; Efeitos do aumento da oferta de alimentos; resumo das conclusões.
Tipo: Documentos (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Produto agricola; Produto alimentar.; Agricultura; Produção agrícola; Produtividade; Demanda; Oferta; Política Agrícola.; Agricultural products.; Agricultural policy.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/84024

Enfoque "pesquisas-extensao".
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: TOURTE, R.
A pesquisa agronômica que nós levamos à uma pesquisa aplicada; Resta ao produtor vir à pesquisa: a pesquisa deve se colcar ao alcance geográfico e conceitual do produtor.
Tipo: Fôlder / Folheto / Cartilha (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Pesquisa extensão; Transferencia; Pesquisa em meio real.; Extensão Rural; Tecnologia; Pesquisa Agrícola.; Transferência de Tecnologia; Agricultural subsidies; Integrated agricultural systems.; Agricultural conservation practice; Agricultural economics; Agricultural management; Agricultural management models; Agricultural policy; Agricultural research; Agricultural runoff.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/905497

O papel da pesquisa científica na caracterização dos agro-ecossistemas e de suas relações com o processo produtivo no tropico Semi-Árido.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: MIRANDA, E. E. de.
Desenvolver a agricultura ou os agricultores: Um novo papel para a pesquisa cientfica e tecnologica. Metodos de caracterizacao dos agro-ecossistemas e suas relações com o processo produtivo.
Tipo: Fôlder / Folheto / Cartilha (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Agrossistema; Processo produtivo; Diagnostico participativo.; Ecologia; Agricultura; Agricultura Familiar; Agricultura Sustentável; Agricultor; Desenvolvimento Agrícola; Desenvolvimento Rural; Desenvolvimento Social; Desenvolvimento Socio-Econômico.; Agricultural research; Agricultural resources.; Agricultural land; Agricultural management; Agricultural policy; Agricultural runoff; Agricultural economics.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/127528

Assessing Participation in the Milk Income Loss Contract Program and its Impact on Milk Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: D'Antoni,   Jeremy M.; Mishra,   Ashok K.
The MILC program, a counter-cyclical income support program, was designed to provide price support to dairy farmers. Since the inception of the MILC program it has been argued that the program is inefficient and rewards inefficiency by keeping high cost, small dairy farms in business. Large dairy producers have expressed concerns that the MILC payments have negatively affected their farming income. Using farm-level, ARMS data from 2005, this study investigated the factors that affect farmer’s decision to participate in MILC program and if participation in MILC has an impact on milk production. The results show that participation in MILC program is positively correlated with farmer’s educational attainment, organic certification subsidy, milk price,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Dairy farms; Agricultural policy; Milk Income Loss Contract Program; Two-step probit estimation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; H20; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103775

Evaluating the Saskatchewan Short-Term Hog Loan Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lien,   Donald; Hennessy,   David A.
The Saskatchewan short-term hog loan program of 2002 provided a non-market credit line to participating hog producers. The repayment conditions for cash advances committed to by the provincial government depend on later hog prices, and so the program has derivative contract attributes. We model the contracts and use an estimated spot price stochastic process to establish summary statistics for producer benefits from the program.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Derivative contract; Domestic support; International trade agreements; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18571

A note on the performance measure of conservation auctions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Latacz-Lohmann,   Uwe; Schilizzi,   Steven.
We argue that previous assessments of discriminatory-price conservation auctions may have systematically overestimated their performance relative to uniform-payment schemes due to an inappropriate counterfactual comparison. We demonstrate that the cost curve (and not the bid curve) is the relevant supply curve when a uniform payment is offered and provide a theoretically rigorous counterfactual based on that insight. We estimate that the performance of BushTender may have been overrated by more than 50%.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Auctions; Procurement; Tenders; Conservation; Economic experiments; Model validation; Plus: assessment method; Agricultural policy; Environmental policy; Market-based instruments; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C91; C92; D44; Q24; Q28.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100885

LOOKING FOR GOVERNMENT'S ROLE AS AN AGRICULTURAL SAFETY NET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dorfman,   Jeffrey H.
What makes agriculture especially deserving of an active government safety net?  What is different about agricultural production? Are we concerned about a safe and reliable food supply or about farmers' incomes and returns to assets? Those who make farm policy base their arguments on all of these points: the diffuse nature of agricultural production, the inherent production risk in agriculture, the need for a safe and reliable food supply, shortcomings in farm income, and low returns to assets in agriculture. This paper addresses these points and, in so doing, rules out some of these concerns as legitimate bases for current agricultural policies. By focusing on those that are genuine, U.S. farm policy could spend limited resources in areas where the most...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Farm income; Farm-sector safety net; Market power; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14707

The Complexities of the Interface between Agricultural Policy and Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmitz,   Troy G.; Schmitz,   Andrew.
Tariff and non-tariff barriers are widespread as applied to agricultural trade. The theory of gains from trade considers the impacts of free trade relative to no trade and to non-tariff barriers, while the theory of agricultural policy generally places little weight on the international trading sector. However, it is necessary to combine agricultural policy with the international trading sector so that agricultural policy instruments such as price supports are considered together with barriers to trade such as tariffs. This is possible within the context of welfare economics when considering the costs and benefits of alternative agricultural and trade policies.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Biofuels; Export taxes; Gains from trade; Tariffs; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120424

Debt, Trade, and Payments Issues of Developing Countries and U.S.-Mexican Economic Interdependencies
Provedor de dados: 31
Debt problems of developing countries seriously constrain their economic and social development as well as the prospects and pace of economic recovery in the developed countries. Debt and trade problems of Mexico are particularly important for the U.S. agricultural economy because of the size and importance of U.S.-Mexican agricultural trade. The importance of Mexico as a U.S. trading partner lends importance to research on Mexican supply, demand, and trade of agricultural commodities and on macroeconomic and monetary policies affecting Mexico's demand and capacity to import. The ninth meeting of the Consortium on Trade Research focused on the debt, trade, and payments problems of developing countries and on U.S.-Mexican economic relationships.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Debt; Trade; Mexico; United States; Agricultural policy; Research.; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51270

Dynamic modelling of agricultural policies: the role of expectation schemes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Femenia,   Fabienne; Alexandre,   Gohin.
The highly disputed effects of agricultural trade liberalisation are mostly simulated with static models. Our main objective in this paper is to evaluate the robustness of the static simulation results to the consistent modelling of dynamic behaviours and to the linked specification of price/return expectations. Focusing on a complete trade liberalisation scenario of arable crop markets by developed countries, we find that available static results are quite robust to dynamic specifications and to most expectation schemes. Endogenous market fluctuations due to expectation errors may appear following trade liberalisation. These fluctuations are nevertheless limited by the many feedback effects revealed by our general equilibrium framework.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Dynamics; Endogenous fluctuations; Expectation errors; Agricultural and Food Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51665

Exchange Rate Misalignment and Its Effects on Agricultural Producer Support Estimates: Empirical Evidence from India and China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cheng,   Fuzhi; Orden,   David.
There have been different degrees of exchange rate disequilibrium in the developing countries during transition or reform periods since the mid 1980s. The level of the exchange rate and its misalignment can have significant impacts on agricultural policy measures such as Producer Support Estimates (PSEs). In the conventional PSE analysis, however, the actual (nominal) exchange rates are used. There is general agreement that the use of actual exchange rates may introduce a bias in the PSE calculations, and that this bias can be substantial in some cases. But there is less agreement on the most appropriate alternative. In this study, we utilize various time series techniques to derive estimates of the equilibrium exchange rates in India and China from the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Producer Support Estimates (PSEs); Agricultural support; Agricultural production; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59778

Institutional Changes for Agricultural and Rural Development in the CEEC and CIS Region
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koester,   Ulrich; Brümmer,   Bernhard.
The paper emphasizes the importance of embedded institutions for the transformation of the agricultural sector and rural economies in the transition countries and identifies and analyses institutional aspects regarding agriculture and rural development common to the transition countries. It focuses on the institutional dimension of reform policies, i.e. on the political economy aspects of the transition process that were decisive for the success or failure of the reforms. The importance of identifying the “mental models” of various stakeholders during the transition process is emphasized and the reasons are explored why the transition process in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe has not resulted in a restructuring of the agricultural sector...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Transition countries; Agriculture; Agricultural reform; Agricultural policy; Rural development; Farm structure; Institutions; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112605

Complexity and Obsolete Data Concepts: Canadian Farm Policy, and the Changing Structure of Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Freshwater,   David.
Agricultural data systems remain based upon now obsolete concepts. In particular, the "full-time, family farm" is still organizing concepts for much of the farm data system, and for agricultural policies. Yet farming has clearly bifurcated into: a relatively small number of large farms that produce the majority of the food and fiber; and a large number of small part-time farms that depend mainly on off-farm income for household well-being. Both types are family farms, but they are not the family farms of the past. It is broadly recognized that large farms pose complex challenges for data collection and policy. But small farms are also complex. While small farms may not account for much production they are important for land use issues and for maintaining...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Data concepts; Farm policy; Agricultural policy; Canada; Data collection; Risk; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119473

Policies drain the North China Plain: Agricultural policy and groundwater depletion in Luancheng County, 1949-2000
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kendy,   Eloise; Molden,   David J.; Steenhuis,   Tammo S.; Liu,   Changming; Wang,   Jinxia.
The report examines the relationships between agricultural policies in the North China Plain, the approaches to water management that evolved from them, the quantity of water that was actually used, and the consequent groundwater depletion beneath Luancheng County, Hebei Province, from 1949 to 2000. To systematically address these relationships, we use a comprehensive water-balance approach. Our results indicate that a single, longstanding policy-that of using groundwater to meet the crop-water requirements not supplied by precipitation-is responsible for the steady rate of groundwater decline.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural production; Groundwater; Aquifers; Water shortage; Irrigation efficiency; Agricultural policy; Crop production; Wastewaters; Water management; Hydrology; Economic development; Crop yield; Cotton; Wheat; Sprinkler irrigation; Water conservation; Water use efficiency; Pumping; Water balance; Vegetables; Rural economy; Irrigated framing; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44560

An International Comparison of the Effects of Government Agricultural Support on Food Budget Shares
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Miller,   J. Corey; Coble,   Keith H.
This study evaluates econometrically the effect of government support to agriculture on a measure of the affordability of food in 10 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. The panel model we construct specifically utilizes two values calculated by the OECD: Producer Support Estimates as a percentage of gross farm receipts and the Consumer Nominal Protection Coefficient. These two variables represent transfers from taxpayers to agricultural producers through government programs and transfers from consumers to government through protectionist measures, respectively. By using dummy variables, we find implications for groups of countries on the basis of their relative levels of support and protection.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Obesity; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; I18; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47196

India Agricultural Policy Review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gilmour,   Brad; Gurung,   Rajendra Kumar.
With a population of about 1.1 billion, India is expected to overtake China as the world's most populous country by 2030. India's economy ranks as Asia's third largest, after Japan and China, and is now one of the world's fastest growing. While growth has led to significant reductions in poverty, India still ranks among the world's low income countries in terms of income per capita. Nevertheless, economic growth has resulted in a burgeoning middle-class.  India's agriculture sector accounts for 18% of GDP, and employs around 60% of the workforce. Rice, wheat, cotton, oilseeds, jute, tea, sugarcane, milk and potatoes are India's major agricultural commodities. With its growing urban middle-class and increasing influence in global affairs, India's policies...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: India; Economic growth; Agricultural policy; Water scarcity; Market regulations; Agriculture; Water; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46456

Agricultural Policy: High Commodity and Input Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmitz,   Andrew; Furtan,   William Hartley; Schmitz,   Troy G.
Because of high commodity prices, beginning in 2006, subsidies to farmers in the United States, the European Union, and Canada have been reduced significantly. However, significant losses have been experienced by the red meat sector, along with escalating food prices. Because of rising input costs, the “farm boom” may not be as great as first thought. Ethanol made from corn and country-of-origin labeling cloud the U.S. policy scene. Higher commodity prices have caused some countries to lower tariff and non-tariff barriers, resulting in freer commodity trade worldwide. Policymakers should attempt to make these trade-barrier cuts permanent and should rethink current policy legislation to deal with the possibility of a collapse of world commodity markets....
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; High commodity prices; Input prices; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49862

The effect of agricultural policy change on income risk in Swiss agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: El Benni,   Nadja; Finger,   Robert; Mann,   Stefan.
The study examines the effect of agricultural policy reforms on income variability of Swiss farmers. The observed heterogeneity in income risks across farms and time is explained with farm and regional characteristics. FADN data are used to construct coefficients of variation of total household income and gross revenues at farm-level over the period 1992-2009. Applying linear mixed effect models the effects of off-farm income, direct payments, farm size, specialisation and liquidity on gross revenue and household income variability in three different production regions are measured. The switch from market-based support to direct payments decreased the variability of farm revenues and household income. Off-farm income has a positive and farm size a negative...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Income risk; Agricultural policy; Direct payments; Risk and Uncertainty; Q12; Q14; Q18.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122532

A CONSIDERATION OF THE DEVOLUTION OF FEDERAL AGRICULTURAL POLICY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gundersen,   Craig; Kuhn,   Betsey A.; Offutt,   Susan E.; Morehart,   Mitchell J.
Diverse needs and preferences across the United States provide justification for the devolution, or decentralization, of many Federal Government programs to the State or local level. The move toward devolution, however, has not been evidenced in U.S. agricultural policy, despite significant differences across States in such areas as commodity production, production costs, income distribution, and opportunities for off-farm work. The existing structure of USDA funding and program delivery already reflects an appreciation of the gains from devolution, with some programs accommodating differences in State and regional preferences. This report considers the implications of devolving $22 billion in 2003 budget outlays, mostly for domestic commodity and natural...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Public policy; Devolution; Agricultural policy; Program delivery; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33923

ANALYZING AGRICULTURE PRODUCTIVITY INDICATORS AND IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON CEECS AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Singh,   Mahesh Kumar; Kapuszta,   Agnes; Fekete-Farkas,   Maria.
The agriculture has an outstanding importance both in social and economic point of view, especially in the countries where the agriculture plays a vital role in economy. This paper mainly focuses on the situation in the Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs). The share of agriculture in CEECs is more significant both in GDP and employment than in the old member states of EU. To be competitive on the single market, we have to know the advantages and disadvantages, strength and weakness of different sectors of agriculture. Traditionally, in these countries to measure the effectiveness, the partial factor analyses are used. To get more accurate overview, we need to use more wide technique to sampling measurement. This paper summarizes the measurement...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Sustainability; Effectiveness; Environment; Agricultural policy; Factor analysis; Agricultural and Food Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43317

NAFTA: Outcomes, Challenges and Prospects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jotanovic,   Aleksandar; Gilmour,   Brad.
As the remaining agriculture-related NAFTA clauses became fully implemented on January 1st, 2008, there is much evidence of the Agreement’s benefits to all three members in the forms of the agricultural trade expansion within the region and the growth of foreign direct investments in members’ agri-food value chains. Better coordination would help the three governments to successfully address ongoing challenges such as trade disputes, security measures and animal health diseases. It would also help their economies and the agricultural sectors to continue capitalizing on opportunities that freer trade offers.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: NAFTA; Agricultural policy; Trade disputes; COOL; Security measures; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55321

The Normative Efficiency Ranking of Output and Export Subsidies under Costly and Imperfect Enforcement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giannakas,   Konstantinos.
This paper builds on the literature on agricultural policy analysis under costly and imperfect enforcement by analyzing the effect of enforcement costs and noncompliance on the relative transfer efficiency of output and export subsidies. Analytical results show that, in addition to changing the incidence of output and export subsidies, relaxing the assumption of perfect and costless enforcement found in the traditional analysis of these policy instruments can affect their relative efficiency in transferring income to producers. The effect of enforcement issues is shown to depend on the way export subsidies are being administered and the size of the exporting country.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Export subsidies; Output subsidies; Enforcement; Noncompliance; Transfer efficiency; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58277

Evolução e desempenho da política de contratos de opção de venda para mercados agrícolas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pereira,   Ana Cibele; Carvalho,   Fatima Marilia Andrade de; Conceicao,   Junia Cristina Peres Rodrigues Da.
From the 1990s, in face of the smaller participation of the government in the economy and, consequently, in the agricultural sector, the government policy  has carried out, as alternative, new support forms to the agriculture, with reduction of public resources. With regarding to the agricultural marketing, more modern instruments have been designed, involving the private sector, among them, the Sell Option Contracts, set up under the form of an insurance of prices for the farmers. In this study, it is analyzed the performance of that instrument for the wheat, rice and corn markets. It was detected, for all those markets, sensitive reduction of the government's participation in the agricultural marketing through the traditional instruments, in favor of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Option contracts; Marketing; Marketing.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55313

Multifunctional agricultural policy, reduced domestic support and liberalized trade: An empirical assessment for Taiwanese rice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boisvert,   Richard N.; Chang,   Hung-Hao.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Trade policy; Rice; Groundwater; Recharge; Taiwan; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91820

Can One Size Fit All? An Analysis of CARICOM Agricultural Development Policy Formulation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gordon,   Ronald M.; VanSickle,   John J.; Davis,   Carlton George.
Belize City, Belize 23rd - 27th July, 2007
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: CARICOM; Agricultural policy; Institutional framework; Food security; Agribusiness; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122887

Testing for the Efficiency of a Policy Intended to Meet Objectives: General Model and Application
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Streicher,   Gerhard; Schmid,   Erwin; Salhofer,   Klaus.
This study presents a general model demonstrating how to measure the (in)efficiency of a policy intended to meet objectives. If it is assumed that the government has available only those policy instruments it actually utilizes, our method is a test as to whether the government combines these instruments efficiently. In addition, one could also include other policy instruments, which are not actually used, but are available to the government. Our general model is applied to bread grain policy in Austria. The primary result is that the policy was quite inefficient in meeting the two main objectives of farm income support and self-sufficiency. The stochastic nature of our efficiency measures is acknowledged by taking into account the inherent uncertainty of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Policy efficiency; Statistical policy analysis; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8613

Wealth, Living Standards and Perceptions in a Cotton Economy: Evidence from the Cotton Reform in Burkina Faso
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaminski,   Jonathan.
The cotton economy of Burkina Faso has been characterized by a changing rural environment for farmers since late nineties, which has come with the cotton reform and the resulting cotton boost. There have been slight improvements in living standards and rural households’ income while the subjective feeling of wealth has significantly increased. In this paper, I explore the channels through which the elements of the changing rural environment can bridge the wedge between subjective and objective measures of wealth. In addition to the basic determinants of subjective welfare that can be found in the happiness economics literature, namely absolute and relative income measures, health and social status (and expectations of future incomes), I investigate the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Subjective wealth; Burkina Faso's cotton; Rural development; Agricultural policy; Perceptions; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; I32; O13; Q16; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45780

The Economic and Historical Foundation of the Common Agricultural Policy in Europe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zobbe,   Henrik.
The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) was founded in the 1950s with price support as the main policy instrument. Despite massive criticism from both within and outside the EU, price support remains the backbone of the CAP. This paper argues that the choice of price support was logical viewed in both historical and economical perspectives, and gives three reasons for this. First, even though talks on agricultural integration began immediately after the war, the CAP was a result of general economic integration in Europe rather than the reason for it. Second, the structure of the CAP was determined by the agricultural policies of the six founding countries. The third and last reason is related to the economic characteristics of running a price support system....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; European economic history; Agricultural history; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q18; N44; N34.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24212

Aufbau und Anwendung des FAL-Modellverbunds für die Politikberatung
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bertelsmeier,   Marcus; Kleinhanss,   Werner; Offermann,   Frank.
The FAL model group combines several market, regional and farm models for comprehensive policy impact assessments. Since 1996, policy impact analyses have been provided at the request of the German Agricultural Ministry with respect to the design of direct payments, the Agenda 2000, the Mid-term Review, the Enlargement of the EU as well as several other policy measures. This article gives an overview of the models available as part of the model group, specifically describes the design of the representative farm group model, and provides results with respect to the impacts of the Midterm Review. The paper ends with a discussion of the experiences gained in model based policy consulting and the implications for future developments.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Policy assessment; Models; Agricultural policy; Midterm review; Policy impact analysis; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98358

Institutionelle Rahmenbedingungen der Ausdehnung des ökologischen Landbaus - Erfahrungen aus drei europäischen Ländern
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Padel,   Susanne; Michelsen,   Johannes.
The paper reviews the development of the organic sector and the institutional conditions in European countries. On the basis of three case studies the interrelationship between organisations of organic and conventional agriculture in the areas of farming community, agricultural policy and food marketing is illustrated. The comparison shows that an open dialog based on mutual respect and a number of initiatives in all three areas appear to be supporting a continuous development of the organic sector.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Organic farming; Institutions; Agricultural policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98992

Distributional effects of direct payments in Switzerland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: El Benni,   Nadja; Mann,   Stefan; Lehmann,   Bernard.
The switch from market-support to direct payments in Switzerland had impacts on the income distribution among farmers. In this paper, the distributional effect of the switch as a whole and of the different kinds of direct payments are elaborated through a presentation of different decomposed Gini coefficients. Although the income distribution in Swiss Agriculture is still more equal than in most other countries, the Gini coefficient has risen from 0.27 in 1990 to 0.38 in 2009 and is by now strongly dependent on the composition of direct payments. Off-farm income and direct payments decrease, while market income increases income inequality.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Income distribution; Direct payments; Gini decomposition; Agricultural policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q00; Q18; Q28.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99368

Price volatility on the German Agricultural Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ledebur,   Oliver von; Schmitz,   Jochen.
In this contribution, the development of price volatility on German agricultural markets is analyzed. We quantify the degree of price volatility for selected German agricultural markets and determine how it evolves over time and search for policy driven structural changes in volatility levels measured by the historical volatility. Based on annualised historical volatilities t test were performed to identify if the change in the volatility levels show any relationship to the process of reform of the CAP. An increase in volatility could be identified for the main German markets regulated by the Common Market Organisations. A positive relationship among the reform process of the CAP and the changes of the volatility levels could be identified particularly for...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Volatility; German agricultural markets; Agricultural policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Q11; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122534

Farm Income Stabilization: A Central Goal for American and European Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tyner,   Wallace E.; Jacquet,   Florence; Gray,   Allan W.
The central thesis developed in this paper is that snapshot views of the global measures of agricultural support mask what is really happening in U.S. and E.U. agricultural policies. We demonstrate that American and European farmers are effectively protected from market risk by these policies. The level of PSE is largely determined by the level of world price. Most economists do not pay much attention to the role of agricultural policies in income stability. Yet farm income stability is clearly a prime objective of government policy both in the E.U. and the U.S. and probably elsewhere. We need to turn out attention to this objective if we are to produce policy analysis relevant to real world policy decisions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Market risks; Agricultural income; U.S.; E.U.; Agricultural and natural resource economics; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24683

Landbrugspolitikkens okonomisk-teoretiske fundament
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kyed,   Karsten; Kaergard,   Niels; Zobbe,   Henrik.
This paper discusses economic arguments for government intervention and support in agriculture. Two types of arguments seem plausible. The first one refers to the classical view that agriculture has a chronic income problem and therefore governments must intervene to ensure a fair income distribution between sectors. The second argument has something to do with the multifunctional role of agriculture and therefore government intervention and support can secure an production of collective goods and positive externalities. Both arguments are however problematic. Income support payments will be capitalized and benefit only the current owner of land. Payments based on multifunctionality will vary across countries due to different marginal utility and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Income problems; Multifunctionality; Landbrugspolitik; Indkomstproblemet; Multifunktionalitet; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q18.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24205

Analyzing Crop Revenue Safety Net Program Alternatives and Impacts on Producers and Program Costs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jansen,   Jim A.; Lubben,   Bradley D.; Stockton,   Matthew C.
This study evaluates the policy effects of alternative program designs for federal revenue-based farm income safety net programs.  Eight representative farms across Nebraska are used to stochastically simulate the financial impact of changing the current farm crop revenue-based safety net with a state revenue trigger against potential alternative programs involving guarantees at the district, county, or farm level.  Results indicate that decreasing the aggregation of the revenue guarantee increases expected farm-level payments and program costs for the revenue-based safety net.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Farm bill; Farm programs; Government payments; Representative farms; Risk management; Simulation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Risk and Uncertainty; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119784

Agricultural Employment Trends in an Enlarged European Union: Does the CAP Reform/Introduction Matter?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baum,   Sabine; Cook,   Peter; Stange,   Henriette; Weingarten,   Peter.
In the course of economic development there is a general downward trend of agricultural employment, although structural change in agriculture is often delayed. In the EU-15, agricultural employment decreased by -2.3% p.a. (measured in regular persons) and -3.0% p.a. (measured in annual working units) between 1995 and 2000. In some of the new EU Member States, employment in agriculture plummeted in the early 1990s, whereas in others it increased during the first years of transition and has served as a social buffer in times of economic hardship. The most important determinants of agricultural employment changes are labor saving technical progress, the macroeconomic environment, the farm structure, socio-economic characteristics of the farmer and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural labor market; Agricultural policy; European Union; Transition countries; Case studies; Agricultural and Food Policy; Labor and Human Capital; J43; Q18; Q19.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25395

Interactions between the Agricultural Sector and the HIV/AIDS Pandemic: Implications for Agricultural Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jayne,   Thomas S.; Villarreal,   Marcela; Pingali,   Prabhu L.; Hemrich,   Gunter.
This paper considers how the design of agricultural policies and programmes might be modified to better achieve policy objectives in the context of severe HIV epidemics and underscores the central role of agricultural policy in mitigating the spread and impacts of the epidemic. Based on projections of future demographic change in the hardest-hit countries of eastern and southern Africa, HIV/AIDS is likely to have the following effects on the agricultural sector: (1) increased rural inequality caused by disproportionately severe effects of AIDS on relatively poor households; (2) a reduction in household assets and wealth, leading to less capital-intensive cropping systems for severely affected communities and households; and (3) problems in transferring...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; HIV/AIDS; Structural transformation; Production factors; Agricultural and Food Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Downloads July 2008-July 2009: 8; Q18 - Agricultural Policy; Food Policy; J43 - Agricultural Labour Markets; O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54046

2008 Farm Bill – Focus on ACRE  (Average Crop Revenue Election)(PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zulauf,   Carl R.
Presented to USDA Economists Group, Washington, DC, 03 October 2008.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Revenue protection; Farm bill; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43907

AGROHOLDINGS AND CLUSTERS IN KAZAKHSTAN’S AGRO-FOOD SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wandel,   Jurgen.
The paper provides an overview of the institutional arrangements on the micro level that have evolved in the agro-food sector of Kazakhstan in the course of transition. Emphasis is laid on more complex arrangements like "agroholdings" and "clusters", hitherto mostly unknown in the agro-food sectors of established market economies. It is shown that "agroholdings" are concentrated mainly in the northern part of Kazakhstan and to a large extent in the grain sector, while in the south a scattered small scale (individual) farm structure has emerged. Parallel to this market-driven development, the Kazakhstani government tries to promote other institutional arrangements that it deems to be of superior competitiveness, especially agro-food clusters. Refering to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agroholdings; Cluster; Kazakhstan; Agricultural policy; Institutional change; Agroholdings; Cluster; Kasachstan; Agrarpolitik; Institutioneller Wandel.; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Q13; Q18; L 22.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91766

Möglichkeiten zur Umsetzung integrierter Fördermaßnahmen an der Schnittstelle Landwirtschaft, Umwelt, Ländliche Entwicklung im Rahmen der Verordnung (EG) Nr. 1257/99
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Knickel,   Karlheinz.
EC Regulation 1257/99 of 17 May 1999 underlines the intention of the European Commission of an integrated rural development policy. In this paper the chances are examined that this new policy orientation offers for a more multifunctional agriculture. Possibilities for the implementation of integrated support measures at the interface of agriculture, environment and rural development are presented. First, functional relationships between agriculture and rural development are explored on the basis of three examples. This is followed by a more analytical section on relevant experiences, data and concepts. The significance of 'new', agriculture-related activities in rural areas is underlined. A paradigm shift from volumes and costs of production towards...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Environment; Rural development; EC Regulation 1257/99; Rural development programmes; Agricultural policy; Multifunctional agriculture; Value added; Employment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98864

Pourquoi et comment l’instabilité est-elle une caractéristique structurelle des marchés agricoles?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boussard,   Jean-Marc.
Agricultural price volatility is "bad". But where does it come from? Remedies are completely different for "endogenous" or "exogenous" fluctuations. The recent crisis seems to indicate that exogenous remedies have been applied to endogenous fluctuations.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Instability; Agricultural policy; Development; Fluctuations; Quotas; Cobweb; Insurance.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Industrial Organization; Political Economy; Production Economics; Public Economics; B5; D4; D6; D8; N5; O1.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44424

ASSESSING THE COSTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE CHANGES: A SITE-SPECIFIC, POLICY-SCALE MODELING APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wu,   JunJie; Adams,   Richard M.; Kling,   Catherine L.; Tanaka,   Katsuya.
The growth in federal conservation programs has created a need for policy modeling frameworks capable of measuring micro-level behavioral responses and macro-level landscape changes. This paper presents an empirical model that predicts crop choices, crop rotations, and conservation tillage adoption as a function of conservation payment levels, profits, and other variables at more than 42,000 agricultural sites of the National Resource Inventory (NRI) in the Upper Mississippi River Basin. Predicted changes in crop choices and tillage practices are then fed into site-specific environmental production functions to determine changes in nitrate runoff and leaching and in water and wind erosion at each NRI site. This policy-scale model is applied to the case of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Conservation practices; Green payments; Land use changes; Nitrate runoff and leaching; Non-point pollution; Soil erosion; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18475

The decoupling of farm programs: Revisiting the wealth effect
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Femenia,   Fabienne; Gohin,   Alexandre; Carpentier,   Alain.
Recent reforms of agricultural policies in developed countries introduced direct payments to the detriment of traditional production enhancing instruments. Whereas these new instruments can influence production through several effects, current empirical studies do not show any significant impact on production; direct payments mainly increase land values. In this article, we revisit the evaluation of the coupling effects passing through the wealth of agricultural households. The initial wealth of these agents, while being mainly in form of land asset holding, is always assumed to be fixed. On the contrary we show theoretically and empirically that, once the impact of farm programs on initial wealth is properly accounted for, the measure of the coupling...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Decoupling; Wealth effect.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48107

ENTWICKLUNG DES TSCHECHISCHEN ZUCKERSEKTORS SEIT 1989
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bavorova,   Miroslava.
The breakdown of the planned economy in the Czech Republic induced many changes for the Czech sugar industry. Successful restructuring should foster competitiveness of sugar production and processing. Another target of the sugar sector is its preparation for EU-accession by adjusting to EU market regulations. Consequently, the liberal sugar market policy which was introduced shortly after 1989 was transferred into a system with price and quantity control. Today, this policy differs only in degree from EU market policy. The processes of privatization, restructuring and modernization have been conducted successfully in the nineties. International investors made significant contributions, especially by investing in sugar processing. Despite of a favorable...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Czech Republic; Sugar industry; Sugar market; Agricultural policy; Competitiveness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14915

Food sovereignty and agricultural trade policy commitments: How much leeway do West African nations have?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laroche Dupraz,   Catherine; Postolle,   Angele.
The 2008 food crisis has challenged the political legitimacy and economic efficiency of the liberalization of international agricultural trade. An alternative vision defended by the food sovereignty movement is that longterm food security cannot rely on dependency on food imports, but must be built on the development of domestic production with enough barrier protection to shelter it from world price fluctuations and unfair trading. The purpose of this paper is to look into whether the West African nations can achieve food sovereignty given their various trade commitments and other external constraints. The particularity of our approach is to combine a historical economic analysis with a political approach to food sovereignty and trade commitments. Our...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food sovereignty; West Africa; Protection; Agricultural policy; WTO negotiations; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115439

Complex Policy Choices about Agricultural Externalities: Efficiency, Equity and Acceptability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
A feature of the research contribution of Konrad Hagedorn is his proposals for the integration of economic, social and political dimensions of agricultural policy. His wholistic approach involves, in part, an extension of new institutionalism to public policy. This article identifies a number of difficulties that arise in choosing public policies for regulating externalities generated by agricultural activity. First, it is noted that finding an economically efficient agricultural policy can be difficult because the functions involved can be irregular – they may involve features associated with the mathematics of catastrophe. This adds to the complexity of public decision-making and adds to the bounds in rational choice. Secondly, in the light of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Public policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55107

Strategic Analyses of the National River Linking Project (NRLP) of India, Series 1. India’s water future: scenarios and issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: River basins; Environmental flows; Development projects; Water requirements; Irrigated farming; Water demand; Food demand Groundwater irrigation; Irrigation efficiency; Water harvesting; Supplemental irrigation; Water productivity; Water conservation; Drip irrigation; Sprinkler irrigation; Rainfed farming; Agricultural policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113261

Selective vs. Broad-Spectrum Pesticides: When Do Private Decisions Differ from Socially Optimal Decisions?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grogan,   Kelly A.; Goodhue,   Rachael E.
This paper examines the spatial externalities of conventional and organic pest control methods to determine if, and how, the two types affect each other. These interactions make the problem more complicated than the usual analysis of a single externality. The numerical simulation model includes one organically managed and one conventionally managed field. One pest and one predator of the pest move between the two fields over five seasons. In each season, the conventional grower has the option of applying a broad-spectrum pesticide that kills the predator a selective pesticide that has no adverse effects on the predator but is either more expensive or less effective than the broad-spectrum pesticide. The organic grower can apply an organic pesticide,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Spatial-dynamic games; Spatial externalities; Non-cooperative games; Organic agriculture; Biological control; Agricultural policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C61; C72; Q18; Q52; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103760

Analysing the Impact of Decoupling at a Regional Level in Ireland: A Farm Level Dynamic Linear Programming Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shrestha,   Shailesh; Hennessy,   Thia C.
This paper describes a methodology to assess the impact of the decoupling of payments on Irish farms at a regional level. The methodology is based on a farm level dynamic linear programming model which optimises regional gross margin under a set of constraints. Regionally representative farms are selected using cluster analysis. The model maximises aggregate gross margins from all the farm types in a region allowing land and milk quota to transfer between farms within the region. The model is estimated for a baseline scenario, assuming no policy change, and under a decoupled scenario where farm payments are fully decoupled from production. An example of an impact study at the Border region in Ireland is presented in this paper to demonstrate the methodology.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Decoupling; Linear Programming; Cluster analysis; Agricultural policy; Regional level; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25458

Australia Agriculture Policy Review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gilmour,   Brad; Gurung,   Rajendra Kumar.
Australia is a significant player in world trade for several commodities and agriculture is a vital part of the Australian economy.  Around 60% of Australia is devoted to agriculture, with three broad zones in which agricultural activity occurs. These are referred to as the pastoral, wheat–sheep, and high rainfall zones. Australia had only about 130,000 commercial farms in 2005, so average farm size is high.  Australia's agriculture is market driven and export-oriented. For some products, aggregations for values of production and for export values are not directly comparable because export values reflect the value of more highly processed products such as sugar and wine. Overall, about 65% of agricultural production is exported, representing about 25% of...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Australia; Agricultural policy; Adjustment; Business risk management; Productivity; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46669

The Cost of the U.S. Sugar Program Revisited
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beghin,   John C.; El Osta,   Barbara; Cherlow,   Jay R.; Mohanty,   Samarendu.
We revisit the cost of the U.S. sugar program by analyzing the welfare implications of its removal. We use a multimarket model of U.S. sweetener markets, which includes raw crops, sugar extraction and refining, high-fructose corn syrup, and sweetener users (food-processing industries and final consumers). Our approach addresses the industrial organization of food industries using sweeteners and treats the United States as a large importer. We estimate that, with the removal of the program, cane growers, sugar beet growers, and beet processors would lose $307 million, $650 million, and $89 million (1999 prices), respectively. Sweetener users would gain $1.9 billion (1999 prices). The deadweight loss of the current sugar program is estimated at $532 million...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sugar program; Sweetener; Trade; Agricultural policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q18; Q17; F13.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18431

Review and Analysis of International and Budgetary Considerations for the 2007 U.S. Farm Bill
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Qasmi,   Bashir A.; Van der Sluis,   Evert.
We assess the extent to which national budget considerations, international trade negotiations, and domestic political deliberations affect the potential development of an omnibus farm bill, which may be signed into law in 2008. With no successful conclusion of the Doha Development Round of trade negotiations in sight, U.S. legislators appear unable to make politically unpopular decisions on domestic farm policy reform. However, the absence of an international trade agreement does not reduce the need for the U.S. to comply with previous agreements.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm bill; Budget deficit; International trade agreements; Agricultural policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Public Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6761

El modelo de ayudas directas en la PAC post-2013: análisis de impactos de escenarios potenciales
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blanco,   Maria; Garcia-German,   Sol; Bardaji,   Isabel.
Following their introduction in 1992, direct payments have become one of the main instruments of the Common Agricultural Policy. The aim of this study is to analyse potential scenarios of harmonization of direct payments in the CAP post-2013. In doing so, we use the CAPRI model, which represents the functioning of agricultural markets at the global level and simultaneously models CAP measures at the EU regional level. Results suggest that while a flatter rate of direct payments would have minor impacts on agriculture at the EU level, it would imply substantial redistributive effects, both across regions and Member States.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Direct payments; CAPRI; Agro-economic models; CAP post-2013; Agricultural policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; C60; Q11; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120199

Stakeholder Assessment of Agricultural Policies and Development of Policy Instruments: A Cross-country Synthesis of National Policy Workshops in 11 European Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haring,   Anna Maria; Vairo,   Daniela; Dabbert,   Stephan; Zanoli,   Raffaele.
EU enlargement has combined two very different patterns of organic farming development under one market and policy framework. An approach to policy learning and innovation is presented. In the effort in bringing together stakeholders of the organic and general agricultural policy sector within the EU in Mai 2004 groups of stakeholders met for structured workshops in 11 European countries with the objective to formulate policy recommendations for the development of the organic farming sector. This contribution presents the synthesized results from all national workshops highlighting the current situation of organic farming policy in Europe and providing recommendations for future policy design.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24654

Risk Management and the Role of Off-farm Income
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Freshwater,   David; Jette-Nantel,   Simon.
The majority of farm households in OECD countries earn more off-farm income than farm income, even including government payments. While this is a well recognized fact its implications for risk management have not been well recognized. Current efforts to reform farm support have focused on the variability of farm household income and largely ignored the variability of total farm household income.  Since it is common for farm households to allocate labor and capital across both farm and non-farm opportunities, it is also likely that their attitude to risk in farming can best be understood by seeing farm risk and return in a household portfolio of income. This approach immediately leads to farm risk being less problematic the more diversified the portfolio...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Off-farm income; Risk management; Agricultural policy; Farm household; Farm income; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120184

GM FOOD LABELING POLICIES OF THE U.S. AND ITS TRADING PARTNERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rousu,   Matthew C.; Huffman,   Wallace E.
Much of the international controversy of GM foods is due to labeling policies.  Countries around the world have chosen different policies to label GM foods.  We examine the labeling policies of several areas: the United States, the European Union, Australia, Japan, Canada, and China.  We discuss each country's GM labeling policy, along with a brief history of how each country arrived at their current policy.  We conclude by discussing how different policies are due to different ethical concerns of GM foods, along with the difference in perceived risks GM foods pose to health, the environment, and trade.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; GM foods; Labeling; Trade; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18245

Impact of the EU Common Agricultural Policy on Organic in Comparison to Conventional Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haring,   Anna Maria; Offermann,   Frank.
Farms in the EU receive considerable support from the Common Agricultural Policy. Support for organic and conventional farms is analysed, covering a wide range of different Common Agricultural Policy support measures. The current design of the Common Market Organisations tends to disadvantage organic farming systems, although developments in the last two CAP reforms (year 1992 and 2000) and the latest reform (2003) have reduced the discrimination of extensive farming systems and now provide opportunities to introduce measures to meet some of the needs of organic farms.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Farm accounts; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q18; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24465

Impacts of Federal Policies and Programs on Wetlands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Crosson,   Pierre; Frederick,   Kenneth D.
Human activities have resulted in the loss of about half of the original 221 million acres of wetlands in the conterminous 48 states. Federal laws, policies, and programs have had major impacts on the nation's wetland resources. Initially, they encouraged and subsidized the draining and filling of wetlands, the flooding of wetlands behind dams, and the diversion and alteration of streamflows to riparian wetlands. More recently, federal policies have been directed to conserving and preventing further net losses. The focus of this study is on the impacts of federal policies on riparian wetlands, i.e., those formed at the interface of rivers and streams and uplands and that require occasional flooding to maintain the health of their ecosystems. The study...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wetlands; Land use; Agricultural policy; Water policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q15; Q25; R14.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10579

RURAL POPULATION GROWTH, AGRICULTURAL CHANGE AND NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A REVIEW OF HYPOTHESES AND SOME EVIDENCE FROM HONDURAS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pender,   John L.
"August 1999". Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-81). Published as Pender, J. 2001. Rural population growth, agricultural change and natural resource management in developing countries: a review of hypotheses and some evidence from Honduras. In Nancy Birdsall, Allen Kelley, and Steven Sinding, eds. Population Matters: Demographic Change, Poverty and Economic Growth in Developing Countries. Oxford University Press. Chapter 12.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Rural population; Environmental impact analysis; Agricultural policy; Honduras; Land management; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97505

THE EFFECTS OF THE 1996 FARM BILL ON FOOD AND FEED GRAINS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   Vincent H.; Glauber,   Joseph W.
The 1996 Farm Bill, now known as the FAIR (Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform) Act of 1996, has been portrayed as reforming U.S. agricultural policy. Gone are set aside and base acreage controls over farm planting decisions. Gone, too, are deficiency payment programs that provided protection against downward price movements for producers of program commodities. According to conventional wisdom, the FAIR Act provides an environment in which farmers enjoy greater production flexibility, but face much more risk. In fact, careful examination of the FAIR Act innovations leads to the conclusion that no radical changes have been made in food and feed grain agricultural policies, and that it is unlikely that the FAIR Act will cause large changes in crop...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; 1996 Farm Bill; Feed and food grains; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q1.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29170

Environmental Regulations and Agricultural Competitiveness
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colyer,   Dale.
The cost of meeting environmental regulations can be a critical factor in determining the competitiveness of a product, since the cost advantages of producers in one country are often very slim. The existence of negative externalities means that prices are lower than would prevail if all costs where included in the prices of the products. Additional costs associated with new regulations have an effect on the continued importance of a country's agricultural exports. Governments often assist their agricultural sectors in overcoming the disadvantages through subsidies, tax breaks, technical assistance or other means. This assistance increasingly takes the form of green payments, which are currently exempt from the WTO limits imposed on domestic subsidies....
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Agricultural trade; Competitiveness; Environment; Environmental regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23846

Quantitative Analysis of the Impact of Agricultural Management Strategies on Environmental Indicators
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heigh,   Lori; Junkins,   Bruce.
This study uses an integrated economic-environmental modeling system to provide quantitative estimates that were used in the process of setting provincial environmental outcome targets under the APF. The analysis represents a joint effort of the Department's physical scientists, economists and policy analysts. This approach provides the ability to model the impacts of agricultural production and the adoption of Beneficial Management Practices (BMPs) on the Canadian environment. The analysis quantifies the impacts of various management practices on air, soil, and water quality as well as biodiversity through measurable and meaningful indicators. It also assists in identifying appropriate environmental goals by providing an indication of achievable outcomes...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Sustainability of agriculture; Agricultural policy; Environmental issues; Social issues; Environmental outcome targets; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53905

Assessing economic incentives for dairy sheep farmers: A real options approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tzouramani,   Irene; Sintori,   Alexandra; Liontakis,   Angelos E.; Alexopoulos,   George.
New policy measures have been introduced to transform Greece’s agriculture into a more modern and environmentally friendly agriculture. Adopting new technology and environmentally friendly production systems involves risk and uncertainty, which in turn stress the need for well designed policy schemes. This study attempts to examine the effects of income variability upon the decision to adopt new technology and environmentally friendly production systems by introducing the real options analysis to dairy sheep farming in Greece. The real options procedure revealed that the investment in new technology in dairy sheep farms under organic scheme is profitable. Attractive economic incentives that are offered by the applied agricultural policy to young farmers...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Organic sheep farming; Real options; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43964

Agriculture’s Multifunctionality, Sustainability, and Social Responsibility
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hediger,   Werner.
We investigate the question whether the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) could be used to replace or complement those of multifunctionality and sustainability in the agri-food sector. It shows that the double role of citizens as tax payers and customers requests and allows us to directly link the problems of governance and stakeholder society in an intertemporal framework of total value maximisation and sustainable development. Thus, the concept of CSR provides a link between the views on agriculture’s multifunctionality and sustainability. Moreover, the fact that some actors in a vertical market, such as the agri-food chain, can exercise market power and absorb tax money and resource rents enforces the need of a broader perspective which...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Multifunctionality; Sustainability; Social responsibility; Market power.; D62; D63; Q01; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36854

Trends in Vietnam's Pork Supply and Structural Features of its Pig Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Pork is the single most important source of animal protein in Vietnam and its availability has a substantial impact on the well-being of the Vietnamese. Since 1996, the local supply and per capita availability of pork in Vietnam have increased substantially. The trends in and sources of this growth in supply are identified by analysing official statistics. Differences in regional supply of pork are also identified, as well as regional variations in pork yields. Vietnam’s pork industry relies on many small-scale household producers for the bulk of its pork supply. The structure of the sector is investigated and found to be altering slowly – a slight increase in scale of production units has been occurring. The rate of growth in Vietnam’s supply of pork has...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural development; Agricultural economics; Agricultural policy; Economic performance; Pork yields; Vietnam; Vietnam’s pig sector; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90623

Adjustment of Wheat Production to Market Reform in Egypt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kherallah,   Mylene; Minot,   Nicholas; Gruhn,   Peter.
In response to slow growth in the agricultural sector and as part of a general shift towards a more market-oriented economy, the Government of Egypt started liberalizing the agricultural sector in 1987. Controls over wheat production and marketing were eliminated and wheat producer prices were brought closer to international levels. As a result, there has been remarkable increases in wheat crop area and yields, causing wheat production to triple from 1986 to 1998. This study analyzes the results of a survey of 800 Egyptian wheat farmers in order to address three issues that are of interest to agricultural reform policy in Egypt. First, what are the patterns in wheat production and marketing that have emerged following the economic reforms? Second, why is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Small farmer; Wheat yields; Egypt; Econometrics; Agricultural policy; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97384

The Farm Level Impacts of Replacing Current Farm Programs with a Whole Farm Revenue Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Raulston,   J. Marc; Richardson,   James W.; Outlaw,   Joe L.; Knapek,   George M.
This study evaluates the farm level economic impacts of implementing a whole farm revenue insurance program in lieu of current government program payments on agricultural producers in major production areas of the United States.  Realizing a multitude of viable options exist, this study demonstrates one way a whole farm revenue coverage program could work at the farm level and makes comparisons between the current baseline situation and alternative levels of revenue coverage implementation.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Simulation; Representative farms; Government payments; Crop insurance; Revenue coverage; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98785

Mexico Agriculture Policy Review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cahill,   Carmel; Jotanovic,   Aleksandar; Abraham,   Cally.
As a NAFTA partner and Canada's third largest export market for agri-food products, developments in Mexico are of direct interest to Canada. Rural poverty, low productivity, poor infrastructure and unclear property rights for both land and water still inhibit the efforts of Mexico's government to improve competitiveness of its agricultural sector.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Mexico; Agricultural policy; Liberalization; Resource governance; Infrastructure; Subsistence; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46509

DID THE 1995 FARM BILL ADDRESS THE CRITICAL ISSUES? DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Salathe,   Larry E.
In 1995, for the first time since the 1930s, the United States failed to pass new farm program legislation. The inability to pass farm legislation occurred despite bipartisan agreement that farm programs should continue the trend over the past decade of less government intervention. This paper discusses the sequence of events, the role of agricultural economists, the major issues, and the lessons learned from the 1995 Farm Bill debate. The trend toward declining government intervention in agriculture will require that the profession look increasingly to the private sector for solutions to the problems facing agriculture in the twenty-first century.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Congressional debate; Equity; Farm programs; Policy analysis; Price and income support; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15232

CHALLENGES IN MODELING THE EFFECTS OF TRADE AGREEMENTS ON THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Westhoff,   Patrick C.; Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Beghin,   John C.; Meyers,   William H.
Major issues and challenges encountered in modeling and analyzing agricultural and trade policy reforms are reviewed. We focus on the modeling approach and pay special attention to the type and scope of the models, the calibration of a realistic baseline scenario, the representation of the reform agreement, the use of extra-model information, the choice of metrics to measure reform impacts, and emerging issues in policy modeling. Existing solutions and unresolved issues are examined. We stress the complementarity of various modeling approaches in assessing policy reforms and the importance of helping users understand the limitations of the chosen approach.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Economic modeling; Trade agreements; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18622

NEW MEMBER STATES AND CROSS COMPLIANCE: THE CASE OF POLAND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bezlepkina,   Irina V.; Jongeneel,   Roelof A.; Karaczun,   Zbigniew.
The New Member States did not yet have to implement the full cross-compliance package. Currently the GEAC requirements in the conditionality clause for the direct payments. The SMRs will become part of it starting from 2009. This paper looks into the Polish case and looks whether timely implementation is feasible. Several factors are mentioned, indicating that this will be a hard task. The problems with implementation explain why the new member states are advocating a gradual phasing in of the SMRs.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cross-compliance; Agricultural policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C01; C02; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44852

U.S. Demand for Food and Nutrition in the 20th Century
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beatty,   Timothy K.M.; LaFrance,   Jeffrey T.
A great deal of research on farm and food policy and consumer choice focuses on the link between food consumption and nutrition. This paper presents and applies a new method to analyze the demand for food and nutrients, and consumer welfare. The foundation for this method is the recent extension of the Gorman class of exactly aggregable demand models to incomplete demand systems. The purposes of this approach are to derive and implement coherent, flexible empirical models of food and nutrient demand, to estimate the model parameters consistently with aggregate data, and to make inferences on the impacts of farm and food policy changes on food and nutrient demand and consumer welfare of those policies. We apply this framework to annual per capita U.S....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Aggregation; Agricultural policy; Food demand; Gorman Systems of Demands; Nutrition; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25105

O CRESCIMENTO ECONÔMICO AGRÍCOLA DOS ESTADOS DA REGIÃO SUDESTE DO BRASIL – 1995/2005
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Junqueira,   Clarissa Pereira; Sterchile,   Shirla Patricia Weber; Lima,   Jandir Ferrera de.
This article analyzes the economic growth of agricultural activities and the profile of the agricultural area of the states in the southeastern region of Brazil, between 1995 and 2005. Pointers referring to the farming sector of the region’s states were used. The study shows that the process of economic growth in the region was dynamic in the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais and was centered on exportation products, mainly sugar cane, soy and maize. In the states of Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo, however, there was a decrease of the farming GIP. The region’s exportation guideline presented significant alterations from the decade of 1990, a period in which the exportation of basic products lost importance and was replaced by the manufacturing, a...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agrarian economy; Rural development; Agricultural policy; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90691

AN ANALYSIS OF FARMERS' POLICY ATTITUDES AND PREFERENCES FOR FREE TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kastens,   Terry L.; Goodwin,   Barry K.
This study evaluates the attitudes of U.S. (Kansas) farmers regarding "free-trade" and "free-market" policy environments.  In contrast to earlier studies, non-specific policy attitudes are evaluated.  A direct measure of farm program benefits is also included.  Attitudes vary significantly with farm and operator characteristics.  Support for free trade was shown to decrease with education and experience, to increase for farms with relatively more rented land, and to increase as total farm wealth increased.  Support for free-trade was also higher for crop farms.  Farms receiving more government payments are less likely to favor a free-trade policy environment.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Producer attitudes; International trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15186

Attitudes of College Students towards Agriculture, Food and the Role of Government
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carreira,   Rita I.; Mane,   R.; Danforth,   Diana M.; Wailes,   Eric J.
In 2002 and 2007 we surveyed Agribusiness students’ attitudes about agriculture, farming, food and agricultural policies. Responses were analyzed by year and student characteristics including farm background, citizenship and gender. Citizenship was a significant variable explaining differences in agreement with statements. Year and interactions with year were not significant.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Farming; Logistic regression; Student attitudes; Agricultural and Food Policy; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; A13; A22; C42; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6806

Impacto de la política de precios y de crédito agrícola sobre la distribución del ingreso en el Perú: 1985-1990
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Escobal D'Angelo,   Javier.
Este documento describe y analiza la estrategia agrícola del gobierno aprista, desde el punto de vista de sus efectos redistributivos. La estrategia, que pretendió beneficiar principalmente a los estratos más pobres de la agricultura, tuvo como eje al PRESA, programa dirigido a asegurar una demanda creciente a precios rentables para los productores agrícolas y fue acompañado por un programa de crédito agrícola que apuntaba a aumentar los recursos financieros canalizados a la actividad agrícola.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distribucion del ingreso; Politica agraria; Precios agricolas; Politica de precios; Credito agricola; Peru; Income distribution; Agricultural policy; Agricultural prices; Price policy; Agricultural credit; Agricultural Finance; Financial Economics; Q18; Q14.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42249

A QUALITATIVE CHOICE ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING POST-CRP LAND USE DECISIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   Phillip N.; Misra,   Sukant K.; Ervin,   R. Terry.
The future use of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) lands is an important agricultural policy issue.  To examine the effects of factors that influence landowners' post-contract use of CRP lands, a survey of Texas High Plains CRP contract holders was conducted in 1992.  This study analyzes the results of the survey using a qualitative choice model.  It was found that the presence of a livestock enterprise in the current contract holder's operation increases the probability of these acres remaining in the established cover.  Contract holders who value the commodity base have an increased probability of returning their acres to crop production.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Conservation Reserve Program; Ordered probit model; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15532

Farm Size and Land Use Changes in Vietnam Following Land Reforms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marsh,   Sally P.; MacAulay,   T. Gordon.
Over the last decade the Vietnamese government has instigated land reforms that recognise the household as the basic unit of production and allocate land use rights to households. Under the 1993 Land Law these rights can be transferred, exchanged, leased, inherited, and mortgaged. This Land Law provided the foundation for the development of a market for land use rights. During 2001, 400 farm households were surveyed in four provinces in Vietnam. Along with production and consumption data, evidence was sought of land accumulation and consolidation, land use changes, and attitudes to land reform issues. Analysis of the data shows that there is an active market for land use rights, but the level of activity varies considerably between provinces. Some...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Land reform; Land market; Vietnam; Agricultural and Food Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57919

Analysis of Intended Farmers’ Response to CAP Scenarios: Environmental considerations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giannoccaro,   Giacomo; Berbel,   Julio.
This research is a result of the CAP-IRE project which objective is the understanding farmer’s reactions under CAP scenarios by 2020. In particular this research aims to analyze the role of the current CAP design on the farmer’s decision process focusing on several environmental issues. The analysis is based on 2,360 observations of household farmers across 11 cases study in 9 EU countries. Intended responses of farmers to the CAP reforms are analyzed by logistic model regression. According to the results CAP scenarios would influence farmer’s decision on fertilizers and pesticides, as well as water use, while the highest effect is found for decisions on number of animal rearing on the farm. Factors determining reaction to the CAP scenario are monetary and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental sustainability; Farmer’s intended behaviour; Logistic regression; Agricultural policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99419

A magyar mezõgazdaság sikeressége a hatvanas hetvenes években
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dimeny,   Imre; Lakner,   Zoltan.
Out of the attempts made at modernising the Hungarian society and economy in the era of socialism it was only the agricultural transition and development that has brought a long, internationally recognised success. The Hungarian agricultural model has become a point of reference for numerous developing countries, and was widely recognised even in the developed world. The aim of this article is to analyse the driving forces and socio-economic environment in the formation of the Hungarian agricultural model as well as its results, object lessons and experiences. The authors emphasise the specific aspects of the Hungarian agricultural development, contrasting it with that of Western- and Eastern-Europe. It was underlined, that the most important drivers of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Economic history; System analysis; Agricultural and Food Policy; Political Economy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53969

A SECTORAL ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kennedy,   P. Lynn; Atici,   Cemal.
Complete agricultural trade liberalization between the United States and the European Union is examined with respect to the agricultural sector.  A static, partial equilibrium model, distinguishing among the European Union, the United States, and a politically passive rest of the world, is used to simulate agricultural free trade.  The results of this research reveal how European Union and United States adoption of free trade affects domestic and world prices, production, consumption, self-sufficiency, and welfare.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; European Union; Trade liberalization; United States; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15559

Incentives to Supply Enhanced Ecosystem Services from Cropland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jolejole,   Christina B.; Swinton,   Scott M.; Lupi,   Frank.
This paper examines the willingness of farmers to participate in hypothetical programs that would pay them to adopt cropping practices that enhance provision of ecosystem services from agriculture. A survey of 3,000 Michigan corn and soybean farmers elicited willingness to adopt four sets of cropping practices that reflected increasing levels of environmental stewardship. Acreage enrollments in the programs were modeled using hurdle models. The acreage that farmers would be willing to enroll depends chiefly on farm size and the perception of environmental improvements from the practices.  For farms over 500 acres, the payment offered was also a significant inducement to acreage enrollment in all systems examined. This paper advances the literature on...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Willingness to participate; Willingness to accept; Stated preference; Supply response; Ecosystem services; Payment for environmental services; Agricultural policy; Agro-environmental policy; Environmental policy; Corn; Soybean; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q18; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49356

SETTING THE STAGE: AMERICAN AGRICULTURE TODAY AND WHAT WE CAN EXPECT OVER THE NEXT 5 TO 10 YEARS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Womack,   Abner W.
According to estimates made by the Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute in March of 1999, there are several macro factors that will significantly impact U.S. and global agriculture over the next decade. Factors leading to near-term price pressure are contrasted with likely implications for the longer term. In general, the longer run estimated consequences for global agriculture are more positive, but with the strong likelihood of low price pressure lingering over the next two to three years.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Farm financial pressure; Global agriculture; Global economics; Technology; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14698

New Zealand Agriculture Policy Review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gilmour,   Brad; Gurung,   Rajendra Kumar.
In 1984, New Zealand introduced important policy reforms in order to address major macroeconomic and fiscal imbalances. New Zealand's support to agricultural producers rapidly decreased from 30 percent of the value of production to about 2 percent, and has remained the lowest among OECD economies since that time.  After a difficult transition, the removal of subsidies resulted in a more diversified and competitive rural economy in New Zealand; total factor productivity growth has been roughly 2.5 percent annually since 1984, compared to roughly 1.5 percent in the prereform period.  This Policy Review focuses on agricultural policy today and how New Zealand is supporting the agricultural sector now without resorting to subsidies. It describes the policy New...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: New Zealand; Agricultural policy; Benchmark; Proactive; Agricultural and Food Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46688

AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT TRENDS IN AN ENLARGED EUROPEAN UNION: DOES THE CAP REFORM / INTRODUCTION MATTER?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baum,   Sabine; Cook,   Peter; Stange,   Henriette; Weingarten,   Peter.
In the course of economic development there is a general downward trend of agricultural employment. In the EU-15, agricultural employment decreased by  2.3% p.a. (measured in regular persons) and  3.0% p.a. (measured in annual working units) between 1995 and 2000. In some of the new EU Member States, employment in agriculture plummeted in the early 1990s, whereas in others it increased during the first years of transition and has served as a social buffer in times of economic hardship. The most important determinants of agricultural employment changes are labor saving technical progress, the macroeconomic environment, the farm structure, socio-economic characteristics of the farmer and agricultural support policies. Currently, farmers in the enlarged EU...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural labor market; Agricultural policy; European Union; Transition countries; Case studies.; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14962

Teaching Agricultural Policy Using Games: The Agripol Game
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jongeneel,   Roelof A.; Koning,   Niek.
We developed the AGRIPOL game as a tool for teaching agricultural policy to economic and non-economic students. AGRIPOL consists of a world with 7 different countries, each one represented by a small group of students. The students have to maximize their country's social welfare by choosing an optimal set of policy instruments. By doing this students learn in an interesting and hands-on way to understand the workings of agricultural policy instruments, the interrelatedness between countries (policy impact spill-overs) and the role of political weights in the policy formation process. A WTO negotiation round is included to let students experience the difficulties and benefits of cooperation.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Economics education; Political economy; Agricultural policy; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; A2; P16; Q18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24773

The Economic Well-Being of Farmers As An On-going National Public Policy Issue
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Freshwater,   David.
Aggregate farm income is the standard measure of farm household economic well-being. In Canada farm groups have used a multi-year decline in one measure of farm income - realized net income, to press for increased financial transfers. In the first part of the paper income data is reviewed to assess the magnitude of the decline and whether Canadian farmers are worse of than their U.S. counterparts. In the second part of the paper conceptual issues with farm income as the primary measure of economic well-being are presented and the conclusion is drawn that any measure of farm income is a flawed indicator of actual well-being even though it may be statistically sound, because the underlying assumptions that make farm income maximization the main objective of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Policy design; Farm income; Economic well-being; Farm household objectives; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42313

Global trends in risk management support of agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Spicka,   Jindrich.
The aim of this paper is to make an international comparison of risk management policies in OECD countries as well as in selected emerging economies. The results are based on the data from OECD Producer Support Estimates Database and General Services Support Estimates Database, a study of agricultural insurance schemes carried out by the European Commission and an overview of risk-related policy measures formulated by the OECD. The results indicate that all OECD countries have the price stabilizing support for at least some commodities. Although the share of market price support in the producer support estimates has been decreasing for a long time, it still remains an important component in most countries around the world. The analysis also revealed the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Agricultural policy; Risk management; Market price support; Income stabilization; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; International Relations/Trade; GA; IN.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99224

A FARM-LEVEL LOOK AT THE FUTURE OF AMERICAN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   Edward G.; Knutson,   Ronald D.; Richardson,   James W.; Anderson,   David P.
Relatively low crop prices over the past two years, as well as regional weather adversity, has been the catalyst for the passage of "ad hoc" emergency relief. This paper examines the economic and financial status of 41 representative panel farms over the 1999-2002 period. When forecasting through the life of the 1996 Farm Bill, the representative crop farms are assessed by Texas A&amp;M's Agricultural and Food Policy Center to be in the weakest condition observed over the last decade for liquidity and the related need to refinance.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Farm profitability; Liquidity; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14702

Multilateral Trade and Agricultural Policy Reforms in Sugar Markets (Revised)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elobeid,   Amani E.; Beghin,   John C.
We analyze the impact of trade liberalization, removal of production subsidies, and elimination of consumption distortions in world sugar markets using a partial-equilibrium international sugar model calibrated on 2002 market data and current policies. The removal of trade distortions alone induces a 27% price increase while the removal of all trade and production distortions induces a 48% increase by 2011/12 relative to the baseline. Aggregate trade expands moderately, but location of production and trade patterns change substantially. Protectionist OECD countries (the EU, Japan, the US) experience an import expansion or export reduction and significant contraction in production in unfettered markets. Competitive producers in both OECD countries...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Doha; Domestic subsidies; Sugar; Trade liberalization; WTO; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18604

FARM-LEVEL DATA MODEL FOR AGRICULTURAL POLICY ANALYSIS: A TWO-WAY ECM APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sckokai,   Paolo; Moro,   Daniele; Platoni,   Silvia.
Econometric models wishing to estimate relevant parameters for agricultural policy analysis are increasingly relying on unbalanced panels of farm-level data. Since in the agricultural economics literature such models have often been estimated through simplified approaches, in this paper we try to verify whether the adoption of more sophisticated panel data techniques may impact the estimation results. For this reason, the policy model by Moro and Sckokai (1999) has been re-estimated using techniques recently developed in the econometric literature. The preliminary results show a strong impact on the estimations. This seems to suggest that the adoption of proper panel-data techniques is likely to be very important in order to obtain reliable estimates of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Panel data; Systems of equations; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6693

Contract theory and agricultural policy analysis: a discussion and survey of recent developments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wu,   Steven Y.
This paper surveys some recent developments in contract theory and illustrates how this theory might be useful for conceptualising policy issues related to vertical coordination and contracting in the agro-food industry. The article begins by surveying contract theory to identify key economic distortions that can potentially justify government involvement. Next, the general ingredients of agricultural contracts that are most likely to create inefficiencies are discussed. Finally, controversial aspects of real-world agricultural contracts are highlighted and lessons from the theory are used to determine whether government intervention is justified. Actual legislation that has been proposed in the USA is analysed where appropriate and topics that await...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Industrial organisation; Information; Institutional economics; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116979

Analyzing Producer Preferences for Counter-Cyclical Government Payments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Miller,   J. Corey; Barnett,   Barry J.; Coble,   Keith H.
A dynamic-stochastic model is developed to evaluate preferences among alternative countercyclical payment programs for representative farms producing corn or soybeans in Iowa and cotton or soybeans in Mississippi.  Countercyclical payment programs are found to not necessarily be preferred to fixed payment programs.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Bootstrapping; Countercyclical payments; Nonparametric; C15; D81; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43203

TESTING FOR EFFICIENCY: A POLICY ANALYSIS WITH PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Salhofer,   Klaus; Schmid,   Erwin; Streicher,   Gerhard; Schneider,   Friedrich.
The study evaluates the efficiency of government intervention using a vertical structured model including imperfectly competitive agricultural input markets, the bread grain market, and the imperfectly competitive food industry.  To test for policy efficiency the actually observed bread grain policy is compared to a hypothetical efficient policy.  To account for the sensitivity of the results in regard to the model parameter values computer-intensive simulation procedures and surface response functions are utilized.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Efficient combination of policy instruments; Statistical policy analysis; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25891

A NEW STRUCTURE FOR AGRICULTURE: A REVOLUTION FOR RURAL AMERICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Drabenstott,   Mark.
U.S. agriculture is undergoing a tidal wave of change in its structure. A shift to supply chains and away from commodities and commodity markets is the hallmark of this new wave. The new agriculture of the 21st century will bring with it a new geography that may be nothing short of a revolution for rural America. Supply chains will tend to concentrate activity geographically and change the local economic dynamic where they do locate. Finally, the tide of change in agriculture's structure means a whole new slate of policy issues. Concentration, market access, and the delivery mechanism for government support all become bigger concerns with supply chains. But perhaps the biggest policy challenge looming ahead is addressing rural America's economic...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Rural economy; Rural policy; Structural change; Supply chain; Agricultural and Food Policy; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14705

Agricultural policies in India: Producer Support Estimates 1985-2002
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mullen,   Kathleen; Orden,   David; Gulati,   Ashok.
Since the early 1990s, India has undergone substantial economic policy reform and economic growth. Though reforms in agricultural policy have lagged those in other sectors, they have nonetheless created a somewhat more open economic orientation. In this study, we evaluate the protection and support versus disprotection of agriculture in India. Our methodology involves examining market price support (MPS) for eleven crops, the expenditures on input subsidies benefiting farmers (for fertilizer, electricity and irrigation), and product-specific and total producer support estimates (PSEs) over the period 1985-2002. We draw on the extensive price-comparison and subsidy-measurement data sets and analysis developed earlier by Gulati and his co-authors, often...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: South Asia; South Asia and Central Asia; Agricultural policy; Producer Support Estimates (PSEs); Agricultural support; Agricultural production; Scaling up; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59821

DIMENSÕES E PERSPECTIVAS DO SEGURO RURAL: O CASO BRASILEIRO E ALGUMAS EXPERIÊNCIAS INTERNACIONAIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vieira Junior,   Pedro Abel; Buainain,   Antonio Marcio; Madi,   Maria Alejandra Caporale; Vieira,   Adriana Carvalho Pinto; Ojima,   Andrea Leda Ramos De Oliveira; Souza,   Raquel Pereira; Silveira,   Jose Maria Ferreira Jardim Da.
O seguro rural é um dos mais importantes instrumentos para o desenvolvimento do setor agrícola, pois, ao permitir proteção ao produtor rural contra efeitos adversos de eventos ambientais e do mercado torna-se indispensável à estabilidade da renda, à geração de emprego e ao desenvolvimento tecnológico. No setor agrícola, além do risco de mercado, existem diversas outras fontes que a tornam uma atividade eminentemente arriscada. A principal delas se refere ao fato de que a atividade agrícola é altamente dependente de condições ambientais de difícil controle pelo homem de modo que as variáveis climáticas e sua interação com fatores bióticos podem influenciar sobremaneira o resultado final da safra. A realidade histórica mostra que o seguro agrícola permite ao...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Seguro rural; Risco agrícola; Política agrícola; Agro-insurance; Agricultural risk; Agricultural policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109437

Preisvolatilität  auf  landwirtschaftlichen  Märkten
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ledebur,   Oliver von; Schmitz,   Jochen.
Zusammenfassung: In diesem Beitrag wird die Entwicklung der Preisvolatilität auf deutschen Agrarmärkten analysiert. Ziel ist es das Ausmaß der Preisvolatilität auf ausgewählte deutsche Agrarmärkte zu quantifizieren und festzustellen inwiefern sie sich im Zeitablauf verändert hat. Soweit möglich wird eine Vergleichbarkeit zwischen den Entwicklungen auf nationalen und internationalen Produktmärkten hergestellt, bzw. es werden die jeweiligen Entwicklungen zueinander in Bezug gestellt. In diesem Zusammenhang gestellte Fragen sind:  –  Hat es eine Erhöhung der Preisvolatilität gegeben?  –  Stammt diese aus den Weltmärkten?  –  Welche Auswirkungen hat die Preisvolatilität auf die Marktakteure?  –  Welche Rolle spielen dabei die Instrumente der Agrarpolitik und...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Volatilität; Deutsche Agrarmärkte; Agrarpolitik; Volatility; German agricultural markets; Agricultural policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Q11; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104075

How Coupled Are Decoupled Farm Payments?  A Review of the Evidence
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bhaskar,   Arathi; Beghin,   John C.
This survey paper explores the literature on decoupling of farm programs that has emerged in the last 10 years. The paper identifies and assesses the various channels of potential coupling of decoupled farm payments and provides a taxonomy of coupling mechanisms found in theoretical and empirical papers. Coupling of decoupled payments is pervasive but effects when measurable are small, with the exception of the impact on land values. The paper points to unresolved issues on potential coupling mechanisms for further research.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Decoupled; Decoupling; Farm payment programs; Program subsidies; Support; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50077

On the optimal design of income support and agri-environmental regulation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bontems,   Philippe.
In this paper, we develop a model of regulation for a set of heterogenous farmers whose production yields to environmental externalities. The goal of the regulator is first to offer some income support depending on collective preferences towards income redistribution and second to internalize externalities. The optimal policy is constrained by the information available. We first consider the second best where the regulator is able to observe all individuals decisions in terms of inputs and individual profit, but not the individual farming labor supply. We characterized the generalized transfer in function of the desire to redistribute and the underlying characteristics of the production process. In a second step, we assume that the regulator has only...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Asymmetric information; Agricultural policy; Agri-environmental policy; Income support; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q18; Q12; Q58.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6246

ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF AGRICULTURAL POLICY REFORM: AN INTERREGIONAL COMPARISON
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Painter,   Kathleen M.; Young,   Douglas L.
Mathematical programming results revealed that moving toward more flexible agricultural policies would generate substantial economic and environmental gains in a North Carolina diversified cropping region.  But in a Washington-Idaho dryland grains region, only the use of relatively new and sometimes problematic alternative cropping systems permitted environmental and economic gains under policy reform.  In both regions, a recoupling policy, which links government payments to resource-conserving farming practices, was needed to protect environmental quality when market prices for program crops were high.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agrichemical leaching; Agricultural policy; Alternative agriculture; Erosion; Mathematical programming; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15173

Explaining Growth in Dutch Agriculture: Prices, Public R&amp;D, and Technological Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jongeneel,   Roelof A.; Ge,   Lan.
This paper analyzes the sources of growth of Dutch agriculture (arable, meat, and dairy sectors). Because the time series data (1950-1997) are non-stationary and not cointegrated, it is argued that a model estimated in first differences should be used. Estimated price elasticities turn out to be very inelastic, both in the short-run and the long-run. The direct distortionary effect of price support has therefore been rather limited. However, price support has an important indirect effect by improving the sectors investment possibilities and therewith the capital stock. Public R&amp;D expenditure mainly affected agriculture by contributing to yield improvement therewith favoring intensification of production.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Growth; Technology; Cointegration; Non-stationarity; Agricultural policy; Agribusiness; Q18; O13.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24573

U.S. Farm Policy and the WTO: How Do They Match Up?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hart,   Chad E.; Babcock,   Bruce A.
The debate over a new farm bill has focused on how to spend an additional $73.5 billion in funding for the agricultural budget over ten years. The House of Representatives, the Senate Agriculture Committee, and Senators Cochran and Roberts (supported by the Bush Administration) have each proposed a structure for the next farm bill. A critical question becomes whether these proposals conflict with U.S. commitments to limit subsidies under the World Trade Organization (WTO) agreement. This paper explores this issue and concludes with a discussion of the future direction of U.S. farm subsidies and new WTO agreements.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Domestic support; Trade commitments; WTO; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23915

Economic Statistics and U.S. Agricultural Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gardner,   Bruce L.; Goodwin,   Barry K.; Ahearn,   Mary Clare.
Economic statistics can be used to inform policy as it is being designed, avoid policy design mistakes, or implement government programs once they are established into law. Oftentimes, statistics are used for all three purposes. This paper considers the relationships between statistics and agricultural policy in the case of the United States. We address first the broad historical picture of U.S. official economic statistics concerning agriculture, and then turn to selected examples that relate policies to economic statistics in more detail. The examples show diversity in the interplay between statistics and policy. As policies have become broader in scope, addressing not only farm commodity markets but also differences among farms and a widening set of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Data collection and estimation; Economic history of U.S. agriculture; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q18; C8; N52.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25498

Az Agrárgazdasági Tanács állásfoglalása az agrárgazdaság 2010 évi helyzetéről
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Popp,   Jozsef; Szekely,   Csaba.
Összefoglalóan megállapítható, hogy 2010-ben kedvező fejlemény a gazdálkodók jövedelemhelyzetének javulása, valamint a növekvő mezőgazdasági és élelmiszer-ipari külkereskedelmi mérleg. Ugyanakkor továbbra is aggodalomra ad okot a kivitel és behozatal termékszerkezetének alakulása (feldolgozott termékek importhányada magas, exporthányada alacsony), a foglalkoztatás csökkenése, a növénytermelés és az állattenyésztés aránya, valamint a csökkenő támogatások hatására negatív jelenség volt a beruházások visszaesése. A jelentés pontos képet ad az élelmiszer-gazdaságról, azaz a termékpályáról, a dezintegráció és a nemzetközi versenyképesség problémáiról. A termékpálya szereplői mindaddig ki lesznek téve a hektikus ármozgásoknak, amíg nem jön létre közöttük bizalmi...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Agrárágazat; Agrárpolitika; Agrárszabályozás; Vidékfejlesztés; Környezetvédelem; Agricultural sector; Agricultural policy; Agricultural regime; Rural development; Protection of the environment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Political Economy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119938

Why Farmers Opt Not to Enroll in Payment-for-Environmental-Services Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ma,   Shan; Swinton,   Scott M.; Lupi,   Frank; Jolejole,   Christina B.
Payment-for-environmental-services (PES) programs are the focus of increasing attention globally. While existing PES programs can observe who participates and who does not, the reasons for nonparticipation can be opaque. Taking advantage of a unique stated preference data set that includes a follow-up question on conditions for participation, this study differentiates two types of non-participants, those deterred by insufficient payments, and those deterred by fundamental incompatibility with the farm operation. Survey weighted and spatially weighted probit models are applied to examine the determinants of farmers’ willingness to enroll in PES programs and their willingness to consider enrollment at the same or a high payment. Results suggest the decision...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Payment-for-environmental-services; Agricultural policy; Non-participation; Working land; Stated preference; Spatial probit; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Q18; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61392

THE 1995 FARM BILL: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR ECONOMISTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Conley,   Howard H.
The 1994 congressional elections brought expectations of policy reform that extended to agriculture. This paper examines the role of economic analysis and how policymakers made use of it in developing the policies of the Agricultural Reconciliation Act, also known as the Freedom to Farm Act. Budget reduction pressures, other/secondary policy objectives, and a closed debate led to the system of fixed, declining payments to farmers that characterize an economist's solution, without the direct participation of economists, to interventionist government policy. Left unanswered are questions of political stability of the policy and whether the direct payments themselves are adequate or excessive.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Commodity policy; Economic analysis; Federal budget; Freedom to farm; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15247

Opt-in of the agricultural sector to the European trading scheme for greenhouse gas emissions – a proposal and its possible effects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perez Dominguez,   Ignacio; Holm-Muller,   Karin.
In light of international discussions on a possible opt-in of the agricultural sector to the current European emission trading system for greenhouse gases, the objective of this article is to present a feasible implementation strategy for a market of emission permits in European agriculture and to simulate its economic effects within the regionalised agricultural sector model CAPRI. With this purpose, we compare the effects of a 15% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from European agriculture with and without a trading scheme. Our findings suggest that if significant emission abatement is to be achieved in the agricultural sector, efficiency gains from expanding the current emission trading scheme to this sector can be appreciable. An additional finding...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Climate gas emissions; Emission trading; Abatement costs; Agricultural policy; Modelling; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96766

El seguro de ingresos como instrumento de estabilizacion de las rentas de los agricultores: aplicacion al sector olivarero espanol
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bielza,   Maria; Garrido,   Alberto; Sumpsi,   Jose Maria.
RESUMEN: En este artículo se analizan un conjunto de políticas de estabilización de los ingresos de los productores olivareros españoles, entre las que se incluyen seguros de rendimientos e ingresos. En teoría y bajo ciertos supuestos, la estabilización de los ingresos con un seguro de ingresos se puede lograr a un coste inferior al uso combinado de seguros de rendimientos y un seguro de precios. Tras revisar algunas experiencias con seguros de ingresos, se desarrolla una aplicación para comparar, desde la doble perspectiva de eficacia en el gasto público y de reducción de riesgos, distintas políticas de intervención en el sector olivarero, incluyendo las de los pagos actuales, ayuda al árbol, seguro de rendimientos actual y un seguro de ingresos. Los...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural insurance; Revenue insurance; Agricultural policy; Farm Management; Risk and Uncertainty; Q18; Q10.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28753

Russia Agriculture Policy Review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Melyukhina,   Olga; Tanguay,   Luc; Vaughan,   Odette; Jotanovic,   Aleksandar.
In recent years, as a result of a strong demand for energy and other natural resources, Russia's economy has experienced impressive growth. Russia's re-emergence as a political and, particularly, economic power have allowed it to increase policy support to its agricultural sector. Russia's size, improving prospects, and growing policy support make developments in its agricultural sector of interest to Canada.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Russia; Agricultural policy; Regionalization; Ruble; Energy demand; Transparency; Agricultural and Food Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46511

Optimal agricultural policy and PSE measurement: an assessment and application to Norway
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blandford,   David; Brunstad,   Rolf Jens; Gaasland,   Ivar; Vardal,   Erling.
The producer support estimate (the successor to the producer support equivalent) calculated by the OECD is widely used as an indicator of distortions created by agricultural policies. In this paper we demonstrate that changes in the relative (percentage) PSE are not an accurate indicator of the implications of policy reform for domestic welfare or for trade distortions. We demonstrate that it is important to consider the implications of changes in both the level and the form of support in evaluating the impact of policy reform. Using a model of Norwegian agriculture we show that reforms indicated towards the provision of public goods, while apparently leading to an increase in relative support, are actually superior to existing agricultural policies or to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Trade distortion; Domestic support; Producer subsidy estimate (PSE); Agricultural and Food Policy; C61; F13; F18; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36769

Commercialization and Subsistence in Transaction Agriculture: Empirical Evidence from Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mathijs,   Erik; Noev,   Nivelin.
Present-day Central and Eastern European agriculture is characterized by a high incidence of small-scale farmers who are not producing for the market. This paper uses household level data from comparative farm surveys in Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania to analyze which farm household characteristics and endowments influence commercialization and subsistence farming.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Subsistence farming; Farm structures; Farm size; Microanalysis; Land ownership; Land tenure; Agricultural policy; Transition; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24786

Who Gained and Who Lost from Zambia's 2010 Maize Marketing Policies?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nkonde,   Chewe; Mason,   Nicole M.; Sitko,   Nicholas J.; Jayne,   Thomas S.
Zambia's record-breaking maize harvest of nearly 2.8 million metric tons (MT) in 2010 is a major achievement and a testimony to what input subsidies, output price incentives, and favorable weather can do to elicit a major supply response. Maize-growing smallholders harvested more than in previous years and so have more to eat. Public markets are currently well stocked with maize grain, to the benefit of urban consumers and maize-buying rural households. Farmers who were able to sell their crop to the Food Reserve Agency (FRA) at K65,000 per 50-kg bag, a price well above market levels, have clearly benefited from the bumper crop and FRA‟s involvement in maize marketing. The FRA‟s high buy price and purchase of nearly 900,000 MT of maize are also likely to...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Marketing; Agricultural policy; Zambia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Marketing.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99610

Challenges in Modeling the Effects of Trade Agreements on the Agricultural Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Westhoff,   Patrick C.; Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Beghin,   John C.; Meyers,   William H.
Major issues and challenges encountered in modeling and analyzing agricultural and trade policy reforms are reviewed.  We focus on modeling approach and pay special attention to the type and scope of models, calibration of a realistic baseline scenario, representation of the reform agreement, use of extramodel information, choice of metrics to measure reform impacts, and emerging issues in policy modeling.  Existing solutions and unresolved issues are examined.  We stress the complementarity of various modeling approaches in assessing policy reforms and the importance of helping users understand the limitations of the chosen approach.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Economic modeling; Trade agreements; Q17; Q18; F13.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43385

The Political Geography of EU Agricultural Policy Adjustment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Winter,   Michael.
This paper provides an historical context to policy reform and agricultural adjustment within the EU, primarily through examining the development of policy concerns and issues in the UK. It suggests that, notwithstanding the emergence of a common policy for European agriculture there is still considerable scope for national, regional and local difference, based on the different cultural, political and geographical circumstances of member states. The paper examines how the underlying rationale for a common policy, built around the notion of family faming, is being supplanted by a new public justification for intervention based on rural development and agri-environmental distinctiveness.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Political geography; CAP; Rural development; Regional; Spatial; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15758

AGRARIAN BUDGET AS AN INSTRUMENT OF AGRARIAN DEVELOPMENT POLICY OF SERBIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kardovic,   Danko.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural budget; Agricultural policy; Subsidies; Premiums; Support; Agricultural Finance; Financial Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53581

The modernization process in Greek Agriculture: The case of investment aid
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karanikolas,   Pavlos; Martinos,   Nikos.
The present study focuses on certain critical aspects of the agricultural modernization, in the course of implementation of the investment aid scheme in Greece. Although the investments made under the scheme, contributed to the significant reorganization of the farms as well as to employment creation, serious deficiencies were detected in the way the scheme has been designed and implemented: lack of programming logic serving specific targets and of suitable mechanisms for information and back-up of farmers on technico-organizational matters, as well as non-incorporation of the principles of programming, monitoring and assessment. The way the scheme was implemented, exemplifies the subventionist logic of income assistance, and underlines some standing...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Investment aid; Agricultural policy; Farm modernization.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42139

Does tendering conservation contracts with performance payments generate additional benefits?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schilizzi,   Steven; Breustedt,   Gunnar; Latacz-Lohmann,   Uwe.
Policy makers aiming to get private landholders to supply non-marketed environmental services may need to provide efficient economic incentives. Two ideas have been explored to achieve this: linking contract payments to environmental outcomes and submitting the contracts to competitive tender. This paper investigates whether there are any gains to be had by combining the potential benefits of both approaches. Landholders’ risk aversion to only partially controlled outcomes may offset incentive effects if the fall in participation outweighs any increases in individual effort. Controlled lab experiments were designed on the basis of a theoretical model and were run in two countries, with varying rates of payments linked to environmental outcomes. Results...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation tenders; Auctions; Incentive contracts; Agricultural policy; Environmental policy; Market-based instruments; Experimental economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; C92; D44; D82; D86; H57; Q24; Q28.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100883

Panel Data Estimation Techniques for Farm-level Data Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Platoni,   Silvia; Sckokai,   Paolo; Moro,   Daniele.
Econometric models wishing to estimate relevant parameters for agricultural policy analysis are increasingly relying on unbalanced panels of farm-level data. Since in the agricultural economics literature such models have often been estimated through simplified approaches, in this paper we try to verify whether the adoption of more sophisticated panel data techniques may impact the estimation results. For this reason, the policy model by Moro and Sckokai (1999) has been reestimated using techniques recently developed in the econometric literature. The preliminary results show a strong impact on the estimations. This seems to suggest that the adoption of proper panel-data techniques is likely to be very important in order to obtain reliable estimates of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Panel data; Systems of equations; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44268

Multifunctional Policy Measures: Farmers' Choice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arovuori,   Kyösti; Kola,   Jukka.
The elements of multifunctional agriculture are strongly related to national, regional and local conditions. This indicates that it is hard to find common measures, which could efficiently enhance multifunctionality in different areas with different agricultural conditions. In order to really enhance the multifunctional role of agriculture, there is a need for newly designed measures. A need exists to have information from the groups involved in agricultural policy. To respond to this need we apply the stated choice method to find out, which measures Finnish farmers prefer when the measures introduced include multifunctionality enhancing elements. We introduced to farmers 12 different measures involving different levels of targeting, contracting and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Stated choice method; Finland; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21400

Japan Agriculture Policy Review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gilmour,   Brad; Gurung,   Rajendra Kumar.
Japan, with a population of about 125 million, is a major importer of agricultural products. Japan's mountainous topography limits the area available for farming, with a total cultivated land area of around 4.8 million hectares. Farm holdings are small, averaging just over 1.5 hectares.  Japan has producer support levels among the highest in OECD, driven in part by food security concerns and memories of food shortages during World War II and its aftermath. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries (MAFF) has used a combination of border measures, domestic policies including direct budgetary payments, regulation and mandated administrative processes to support domestic production.  This policy note first provides an overview of the policies that...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Japan; Agricultural policy; Demographic change; Adjustment; Food security; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46671

The Resource and Agricultural Policy System (RAPS): Upgrade and Documentation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wu,   JunJie.
The Resource and Agricultural Policy System (RAPS) is upgraded and documented in this technical report. RAPS was developed to estimate the environmental impacts of farming practices and policy in 128,591 National Resources Inventory (NRI) sites in the Central United States (the Corn Belt, Lake States, and Northern Plains). This modeling system integrates the effects of soils, climate, crops, and management practices on several environmental indicators including nitrate runoff and leaching, pesticide runoff and leaching, water and wind erosion, and soil organic carbon. RAPS can be used to provide timely information on the nation's environmental health as it is impacted by agriculture and by changes in agricultural and resource policies.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Carbon sequestration; Conservation practices; Environmental effects; Integrated modeling systems; Nitrate water pollution; Soil erosion; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18654

HARMONIZATION AND CONVERGENCE OF CANADIAN AND U.S. GRAIN AND OILSEEDS POLICIES: 1985-1996
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gray,   Richard S.; Smith,   Vincent H.
The United States and Canada share the longest common border and largest bilateral trading relationship in the world. Recent trading agreements--CUSTA, NAFTA and WTO--have enhanced trade by encouraging elimination of many remaining trade barriers. However, one cause for concern about the effectiveness of these trade agreements has been the frequency of Canadian-U.S. trade disputes over bilateral wheat and barley trade arrangements and trade flows. To some extent, these disputes have arisen because of differences in and lack of harmonization between the domestic and trade policies implemented by the two countries, although other political factors have also clearly been important causes of these disagreements. Since 1986, many dimensions of the agricultural...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Harmonization and convergence; Grains; Oilseeds; International Relations/Trade; Q1.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29163

The Agricultural Policy of F.Y.R. Macedonia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ericson,   Tina.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; FYROM; Welfare analysis; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24488

Risk and Income Risk Management Issues for Organic Crops in Greece
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tzouramani,   Irene; Karanikolas,   Pavlos; Alexopoulos,   George.
Drawing upon a comparative case study of organic and conventional farming in Western Greece, the aim of this study is threefold: firstly, to explore the organic and conventional farmers’ profile through a factor analysis. Secondly, to assess the economic viability of organic cultivation with respect to profitability and risk behaviour, through a Monte Carlo stochastic simulation model. Thirdly, to discuss the necessity for additional income insurance schemes. Research findings indicate that the organic cropping system currently stands out as the most economically viable alternative under the assumption of the existing payments; without payments, however, conventional agriculture would be preferred by all farmers, regardless of their degree of risk aversion
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Organic crops; Income variability; Risk analysis; SERF; Agricultural policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48116

Poverty, Poverty Reforms for Resource-use and Economic Efficiency: Neglected Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
It is widely believed that in developing countries, open-access to natural resources, inadequate private property rights, and lack of development of market systems adds to the incidence of poverty. Increased economic efficiency is seen as a powerful force for reducing the extent of poverty in developing countries in the long run. While this may be so, it ignores the depth and incidence of poverty that can be generated during adjustments to policy reforms. This possibility constrains policy choices as is shown theoretically for natural resource policies and for agricultural adjustment policies giving Asian examples. Social, behavioral and institutional features are also considered that may result in poverty lock-in of some groups. It is essential to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Adjustment to policy change; Agricultural policy; Asia; Economic efficiencies; Institutionalism; Market reforms; Natural resource policies; Poverty.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55100

BRAZIL: THE FUTURE OF MODERN AGRICULTURE?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Matthey,   Holger; Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Fuller,   Frank H.
In an attempt to understand better Brazil'’s future role in agricultural markets, the authors of this report traveled to Brazil on a fact-finding mission in September 2003. The goal was to get a first-hand impression of Brazil’'s agricultural sector and especially its future potential. In this report we provide a general description of crop and livestock production, government policies, public and private cooperation, and transportation and biotechnology issues. The most striking observations made during our time in Brazil was the universal sense of optimism expressed by producers, government officials, agronomists, and market analysts about the future growth of Brazilian agricultural production. Does that mean Brazil, as one person suggested, is the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural development; Agricultural policy; Biotechnology; Infrastructure; Brazil; Production; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18705

Förderung des ökologischen Landbaus in Deutschland: Entwicklung und Zukunftsaussichten
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nieberg,   Hiltrud; Strohm-Lompcke,   Renate.
Organic farming is promoted financially in the Federal Republic of Germany since 1989. The entire segment shows a very dynamic development since that time. In the past eleven years, the organically managed land area has increased more than ten-fold. Now, a large bouquet of measures are offered which target the promotion of organic farming. Among the supports are grants for organically managed land, investment incentives, the promotion of producer co-operatives, the promotion of on-farm processing and direct marketing, publicity measures and measures to raise consumer awareness as well as the support of training, extension and research in the field of organic farming. In addition, a series of pilot and demonstration projects in the area of processing and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Organic farming; Agricultural policy; Support measures; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98998

Using Evolutionary Game Theory to Examine U.S. and EU Agricultural Policy Institutions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bullock,   David S.; Mittenzwei,   Klaus.
A brief review of the history of agricultural policymaking in Europe and the U.S. reveals that major policy changes have often been brought about by major socio-political "shocks," such as the Great Depression and World War II. Such shocks also lead to the creation of institutions that tend to stay in place for long periods after the initial shock has passed. We use evolutionary game theory to model and simulate the effects of socio-political shocks on political institutions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Evolutionary game theory; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q18; D72; C73.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24538

POTENCIALIDADE DO SEGURO RURAL NO BRASIL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jardim,   Ana Lucia Carvalho; Ferreira,   Leo da Rocha.
O objetivo desta comunicação é relatar o andamento de uma pesquisa que visa avaliar a eficiência econômica de programas de seguro rural no contexto brasileiro, usando como base o atual projeto do governo de criação do Fundo de Catástrofe. A potencialidade do seguro rural no Brasil é discutida e avaliada tendo como pano de fundo a atual política agrícola brasileira, fundamentada principalmente no incentivo ao crédito rural. A intenção é verificar a eficiência dos gastos do governo com as políticas voltadas ao setor agropecuário. Neste sentido, são apresentadas e discutidas as experiências internacionais que se utilizam o seguro rural ao produtor, em detrimento dos subsídios diretos ao crédito. O artigo conclui que o Fundo de Catástrofe poderá permitir não...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Seguro rural; Política agrícola; Fundo de catástrofe; Crop insurance; Agricultural policy; Catastrophic fund; Agricultural and Food Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109766

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF A FOOD SECURITY COMMODITY RESERVE: COMMODITY VS. CASH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Young,   C. Edwin; Westcott,   Paul C.; Hoffman,   Linwood A.; Lin,   William W.; Rosen,   Stacey L.
The cost of operating the Food Security Commodity Reserve as a commodity reserve was compared with the cost of a cash reserve to purchase food aid supplies only in the period of need.  Preliminary simulation results reveal the cash reserve to be less costly in almost all cases.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food aid; Agricultural policy; Stocks; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21622

GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION TRADING IN EUROPEAN AGRICULTURE: A COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT POLICY IMPLEMENTATION OPTIONS IN YEAR 2020
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dominguez,   Ignacio Perez; Britz,   Wolfgang.
In this paper the agricultural sector model CAPRI is expanded to cover non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural sources in Europe and policy instruments for their reduction. A stylised spatial trade model for emission permits is methodologically described and applied to the assessment of three potential policy alternatives for enforcing emission reductions from European agriculture: the EU ‘effort sharing agreement’, an EU-wide emission trading scheme between regions inside each Member State and, finally, an EUwide emission trading scheme between all European regions. This paper builds in the experience accumulated by Pérez Domínguez et al. (2010) and provides a through review of the underlying methodology, a expansion of emission sources and a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Copenhagen agreement; Effort sharing agreement; Agricultural policy; Economic modelling; Tradable emission permits; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91396

MODELLING ECONOMIC ALTERNATIVES FOR TOBACCO PRODUCERS: THE CASE OF SHEEP FARMING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tzouramani,   Irene; Karanikolas,   Pavlos; Alexopoulos,   George; Sintori,   Alexandra; Liontakis,   Angelos E.
After the introduction of the new tobacco regime, many regions in Greece, formerly specialized in tobacco cultivation, are now facing serious threats of economic and social decline. Sheep farming is considered by many analysts as a viable alternative to tobacco. This study analyses the financial performance of sheep production and the risk that producers are taking. Through a stochastic efficiency analysis with respect to a function we explore the economic viability of conventional and organic sheep farming; key factors determining the economic outcome of these activities are also investigated. Both organic and conventional sheep farming appear as viable alternatives. The viability of organic farming lies, mainly, in organic payments. Conventional farming...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Organic farming; Dairy sheep; Risk analysis; SERF; Agricultural policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6695

WHY STOCHASTICS MATTER: ANALYZING FARM AND BIOFUEL POLICIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Westhoff,   Patrick C.; Brown,   Scott; Binfield,   Julian C.R.
Standard deterministic analysis of agricultural and biofuel policies can yield incomplete or misleading results. Stochastic analysis is especially important when policies have asymmetric effects and when there is intrinsic interest in uncommon events or the distribution of possible outcomes.  The paper examines four recent cases where a stochastic approach was critical to a complete and balanced examination of important US policy issues. In each case, a stochastic model of the US agricultural and biofuel sectors was used to estimate 500 sets of possible market outcomes for the 2007- 2016 period.  Changes in support levels, a proposed revenue-based program, possible World Trade Organization limits on internal support measures, and biofuel use mandates are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Biofuels; Stochastic analysis; Structural model; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6601

Systematic Policy Decisions on Direct Income Payments in Agricultural Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fellmann,   Thomas; Mollers,   Judith.
Direct income payments (DIP) are in the centre of the discussion in the ongoing political debate whether agricultural policy objectives can be pursued in an economically more efficient and less distorting way. This paper discusses under which circumstances DIP are an appropriate and efficient measure to address the objectives of agricultural policies. It identifies and examines the characteristics that DIP should have in the context of different objectives. If governments want to meet their policy objectives by the use of DIP efficiently, a precise definition of the objective is crucial. An optimal policy design achieves a specific objective while keeping the impact on economic distortions low and ensuring efficiency in the allocation of resources. The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Direct income payments; Agricultural policy; Policy objectives; Decision tree; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q18; E6; H5.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25684

Distribution of beef cattle in Scotland: How important is agricultural policy?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Renwick,   Alan W.; Revoredo-Giha,   Cesar; Thomson,   Steven; Leat,   Philip M.K.; Ringrose,   Sian.
If one observe aggregated cattle figures for Scotland for more than a century it is possible to perceive that that cattle numbers seem to react strongly to agricultural policy (e.g., livestock subsidies before 1973, UK becoming part to the European Community). The purpose the paper is to provide a regional view of this result, namely whether the same trend can be observed if the analysis is done by Scottish regions. For this purpose, we assembled a panel dataset for 11 Scottish regions for the period 1959 until 2008. We specialised the analysis on beef cattle. We use simple regression techniques to verify whether there have been changes in the regional shares of beef cattle and whether beef cattle numbers in the different regions tend to converge to a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Beef cattle economics; Scottish agriculture; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61101

Irrigation management transfer in Mexico:  A strategy to achieve irrigation district sustainability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   Sam H., III.
Describes the process of transfer of irrigation districts in Mexico from public ownership to joint management, where responsibility for irrigation O&amp;M is shared between the public irrigation agency and water user associations. It evaluates the sustainability of transferred systems and discusses needed changes.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Privatization; Participatory management; Agricultural production; Sustainability; Private sector; Public sector; Economic aspects; Water users' associations; Investment; Agricultural policy; Irrigated farming; Water law; User charges; Land ownership; Mexico; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Production Economics.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52799

Agrarpolitische Interessen Frankreichs und Deutschlands – Gemeinsamkeiten und Divergenzen unter sich ändernden Rahmenbedingungen
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ahrens,   Heinz; Lippert,   Christian.
The aim of this contribution is to examine how the French and the German positions on agricultural policy have developed since the foundation of the EEC and what the driving forces were behind. The “general consensus” underlying the EEC treaty, and according to which the common market would be “conquered” by France in the case of the classical agricultural products, could not be translated into practice; for what emerged for these products was not a customs union but a “price support union”. As a consequence French intra-community agricultural exports had to be redirected to the world market. Thus initial positive French income transfers via intracommunity trade were transformed into transfers from the EC budget, an evolution that can be interpreted as a...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: CAP; Agricultural policy; European Union; France; Germany; EEC Treaty; Price cuts; Quantitative restrictions; Agenda 2000; Agricultural and Food Policy; Political Economy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98761

FARM RISK POLICY AT A CROSSROAD
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coble,   Keith H.
Legislatively mandated declines in government program payments have coincided with sharp declines in most major crop commodity prices. Thus, a debate has begun about the direction of future farm policy. The debate has been largely expressed in terms of a "safety net" for producers. This paper address several economic issues associated with proposals to enhance the agricultural "safety net."  The case is made that crop insurance reform cannot satisfy the desire for above-market price supports. Characteristics required for an insurable risk are discussed, as are the interactions between public and private risk-management tools.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Crop insurance; Risk; Agricultural and Food Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14704

The Impacts of Alternative Policy Scenarios on Multifunctionality
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lehtonen,   Heikki; Lankoski,   Jussi E.; Niemi,   Jyrki S.; Ollikainen,   Markku.
This paper provides first results of the sector model approach to analyze the effects of alternative policy scenarios on the multifunctional role of Finnish agriculture. In terms of environmental non-commodity outputs we focus on nutrient runoffs, landscape diversity and biodiversity. As regards to socio-economic outputs our focus is on direct and indirect agricultural labour force. The results suggest that while partial de-coupling agricultural supports from production is not likely to result in any drastic decline of agricultural production the amount of green fallow will increase considerably. As a result, the agricultural land will become biologically richer. The agricultural labour force is likely to decrease substantially irrespective of agricultural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Multifunctionality; Sector model; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q18; Q21.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24459

Perspectives on 21st Century Agriculture: A Tribute to Walter J. Armbruster
Provedor de dados: 31
Contents:  The enduring legacy of Farm Foundation, by David P. Ernstes; Passing the torch: The generational transition for nonadvocacy public education and outreach, by Otto C. Doering III; Collaboration and institutional innovation, by Mark A. Edelman; The alternatives-consequences approach, by Harold M. Harris; Role of Farm Foundation in policy education, by Charles W. Stenholm; Enhancing small and minority farm profitability and rural community viability through new partnerships, by Walter A. Hill; Will Extension be relevant in the 21st Century? by Edward G. Smith and Roland D. Smith; U.S. agricultural research and technology policy for the 21st Century, by Julian M. Alston and Philip G. Pardey; Agricultural research and extension policy in retrospect:...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Research policy; Extension policy; Policy; Rural conditions; Rural policy; Globalization; Agricultural structure; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36830

The Transmission of Exchange Rate Changes to Agricultural Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liefert,   William M.; Persuad,   Suresh.
Movements in countries’ exchange rates can substantially change the prices of goods faced by producers and consumers and thereby affect incentives to produce, consume, and trade goods. Exchange rate changes, however, might not be completely transmitted (passed through) to domestic prices. Empirical evidence shows that price and exchange rate transmission for agricultural products is low in most developing economies, partly because of trade policies but also because of inadequate infrastructure and other market deficiencies. During the last 20 years, developed and developing countries generally have moved away from support policies that impede price and exchange rate transmission toward trade policies that allow transmission, such as tariffs. The Uruguay...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural infrastructure; Agricultural policy; Agricultural trade; Exchange rates; Exchange rate transmission; Imperfect markets; Institutions; Price transmission.; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Financial Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55942

NON-TRADE CONCERNS AND DOMESTIC/INTERNATIONAL POLICY CHOICE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blandford,   David; Boisvert,   Richard N.
In recent years increased emphasis has been placed on a range of "non-trade" concerns and their implications for the move towards freer trade. We review the basis of several of these concerns, focusing particularly on multifunctionality. The simple view of a fixed proportions relationship between agricultural production and non-commodity outputs, such as landscape amenities, is shown to be untenable. Nevertheless, policies to internalize the effects of multiple externalities and public goods must be selected jointly to account for any interrelationships among them, and/or the market goods from agricultural production. We argue that this requires a shift away from traditional agricultural policies with their commodity orientation, towards a new policy...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; Non-trade concerns; Multifunctionality; Agricultural policy; International Relations/Trade; Q17.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14615

EU Dairy Sector: Impact of Luxemburg Reform, EU Enlargement and Trade Negotiations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bouamra-Mechemache,   Zohra; Ali-Kein,   Hela Hadj; Jongeneel,   Roelof A.; Tonini,   Axel; Requillart,   Vincent.
The EU dairy sector is facing a period of significant changes that are due to three major decisions: the EU enlargement, the Luxembourg reform and on-going WTO negotiations. To evaluate the impact of such changes we developed a model of the EU and world dairy industry. The model is composed of two modules that interact: a milk and beef supply module and a dairy industry module. In this paper we present the model and focus on elements that are crucial for a better understanding of the impact of reforms: quota rents in the EU, evolution of production in the new member states and trade policy.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Dairy industry; Partial equilibrium model; International Relations/Trade; C21; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24581

How Can Micro-Level Household Information Make a Difference for Agricultural Policy Making: Selected Examples from the KAMPAP Survey of Smallholder Agriculture and Non Farm Activities for Selected Districts in Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Argwings-Kodhek,   Gem; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Nyambane,   Gerald G.; Awuor,   Tom; Yamano,   Takashi.
Agriculture forms the foundation of Kenya’s economy. However, the information base on agriculture % including basic indicators on farmers’ input, production, and marketing behavior, household food consumption patterns, etc. % is weak and largely outdated. Agricultural policy is largely made on the basis of conventional wisdom about the way things work. In a dynamic, evolving economy, long-standing perceptions may become increasingly inconsistent with current reality, particularly when the system has been exposed to dramatic changes such as structural adjustment, market liberalization, and the advent of new technology. In such a setting, entrenched perceptions about the way farmers, traders and consumers actually behave may lead to unintended and even...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Kenya; Agricultural policy; Food security; Household; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Q12.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57056

Exploring Linkages Among Agriculture, Trade, and the Environment: Issues for the Next Century
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krissoff,   Barry; Ballenger,   Nicole; Dunmore,   John C.; Gray,   Denice.
Many trade and environment issues will confront agriculture over the next several years. This report provides an economic framework to better understand these issues and discusses prior empirical inquiries and findings. Four primary issues are addressed: (1) how will environmental policies affect agricultural trade?; (2) how will agricultural trade liberalization affect environmental quality?; (3) to what extent should there be international harmonization of environmental policies and product standards?; and (4) is there economic justification for using trade measures to protect the environment? This report demonstrates that basic economic paradigms can provide a basis for understanding how trade and the environment interact. The few empirical studies...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental policy; Agricultural policy; Trade policy; Trade; Environment; Harmonization; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33961

COTTON SECTOR POLICIES AND PERFORMANCE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA:LESSONS BEHIND THE NUMBERS IN MOZAMBIQUE AND ZAMBIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boughton,   Duncan; Tschirley,   David L.; Zulu,   Ballard; Ofico,   Afonso Osorio; de Marrule,   Higino Francisco.
Cotton is one of the most important smallholder cash crops in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).  How to ensure input supply, credit recovery and competition is a subject of intense policy debate.  This paper examines the performance of cotton sector development policies in Mozambique and Zambia.  Both countries face the challenge of organizing input supply to farmers in the absence of rural credit markets, and competing in international markets distorted by production subsidies in developed countries.  Both countries privatized cotton ginning in the 1990s.  Emerging from civil war, Mozambique established geographical monopolies to interlink input and output markets and facilitate credit recovery.  In Zambia, the government completely liberalized the cotton sector,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cotton; Mozambique; Zambia; Liberalization; Agricultural policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25855

Farm Policies and Added Sugars in US Diets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beghin,   John C.; Jensen,   Helen H.
Major changes in the use of US sweeteners have occurred since 1970, in both the amount and composition. Increased consumption of caloric sweeteners, especially in beverages, has been linked to excess energy intake and lower-quality diets. We examine how US farm policies (specifically agricultural research and development [R&amp;D] expenditures and commodity programs) have affected the consumption and composition of sweeteners in the US diet. R&amp;D expenditures have lowered the unit cost of most commodities and increased their use in food production, ceteris paribus, although corn has benefited more than sugar crops in the technical progress. Commodity programs have raised the price of sugar and decreased the price of corn; high fructose corn syrup (HFCS)...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Added sugar; Agricultural policy; Caloric; Corn; Diet; Farm policies; HFCS; Subsidy; Sugar; Sweetener; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Production Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6308

Revenue Insurance as an Income Stabilization Policy: An Application to the Spanish Olive Oil Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bielza,   Maria; Garrido,   Alberto; Sumpsi,   Jose Maria.
Various forms of revenue insurance have been applied in Canada and in the US with relative success. In this paper different combinations of traditional agricultural policies and revenue and yield insurance are analysed for the Spanish olive oil sector. Taking a database containing about half million Spanish olive growers during 8 campaigns, five possible policies are studied and the results are examined according to different criteria including average revenue and its variability, growers utility gains, taxpayers cost and the transfer efficiency of support. The policies analysed are: (1) non-intervention; (2) the policy currently in force in Spain that combines a production aid with a yield insurance; (3) a revenue insurance, only; (4) revenue insurance...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Revenue insurance; Olive oil sector; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24842

'Effective prices' as a device to analyze the impact of the Agenda 2000 and Mid-Term Review policy reforms on dairy and beef: measurement and simulation results for Germany
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jongeneel,   Roelof A.
The Agenda 2000 and the Mid-Term Review introduced a complex combination of policy changes for beef and dairy. It is not clear to what extent the package will influence production decisions. This study proposes a simple method for incorporating the effect of direct payments into the analysis of cow herd response. Effective support prices are derived by adjusting the Agenda 2000 reductions in dairy and beef support prices to reflect the compensation given to farmers in terms of direct payments and premiums. Following the Mid-Term Review different assumptions are made with respect to the extent to which these payments are, or are perceived as being coupled to production. The effective prices obtained for Germany are used in a simulation model to assess the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Effective price; Decoupling; Direct payments; Agricultural policy; Agenda 2000; Mid-Term Review; Beef; Dairy; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98076

Agricultural Policy Influence Upon the Economic Behaviour of Rural Households
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rusu,   Marioara.
The deep transformations brought about by the progressive and steady commitment of Romanian economy to the market economy have determined, among others, the modification of the role and status of rural household in the economic activity. Rural household changed from a simple participant, constrained to act in a certain way under a centralised, equalising and levelling system during the communist period, to a participant that carries out its activity in a competing environment in which initiative, creativity and efficiency are defining elements. Based on field surveys conducted at national level, the present paper intends to identify the evolution of economic behaviours specific to rural households under the influence of agricultural policy measures in the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural household; Economic behaviour; Agricultural policy; Romania; Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24814

Food Security Analysis and Policies for Transition Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wehrheim,   Peter; Wiesmann,   Doris M.
This article explores the characteristics of food security in the context of economies in transition. These special characteristics derive from the “legacies” of socialist systems, both economy-wide ones and others specific to the agriculture and the food sector. Food insecurity in transition countries is considered predominantly “transitory”, while social safety nets dating back to the socialist years provide some cushion. Market failures and other institutional constraints are prevalent, inhibiting the process towards improvement of the food security situation. Conflict takes a heavy toll in terms of hunger and malnutrition in economies in transition and macro level factors are at work to determine food security outcomes. At the same time, socialist...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food security; Poverty; Malnutrition; Transition countries; Agriculture; Agricultural policy; Safety nets; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112604

Multifunctionality of Agriculture: An Inquiry Into the Complementarity Between Landscape Preservation and Food Security
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brunstad,   Rolf Jens; Gaasland,   Ivar; Vardal,   Erling.
Without support, the levels of agricultural public goods will fall short of the demand in high cost countries like Norway, Finland and Iceland. However, as demonstrated in this paper using Norway as a case, the current support and agricultural activity is far out of proportions from a public goods perspective. Model simulations show that at most 40% of the current support level can be defended by the public good argument. Furthermore, the present support, stimulating high production levels, is badly targeted at the public goods in question. Since agricultural land is a major component of both food security and landscape preservation, thus giving rise to a high degree of cost complementarities between the two public goods, it would be more efficient to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food security; Landscape preservation; Public goods; Agricultural policy; Numerical model; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24470

EU dairy policy and WTO negotiations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bouamra-Mechemache,   Zohra; Requillart,   Vincent.
The EU dairy sector is facing a period of significant changes that are due to three major decisions: the EU enlargement, the Luxemburg reform and on-going WTO negotiations. In this paper, we focus on the analysis of changes in both domestic and trade dairy policies using a spatial model of the dairy sector that includes EU25 member countries, the modelling of the rest of the world including the main world dairy exporter (Oceania) and 4 importing areas (Africa, America, Asia and the Rest of Europe). The paper provides detailed results with respect to dairy markets in the EU. We show that in the context of the Luxemburg reform, the WTO might have positive impacts on EU milk price. The positive impact on EU milk price of a reduction of the tariffs in the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: WTO; Agricultural policy; Dairy industry; Partial equilibrium model; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10105

REGIONAL ADJUSTMENT COSTS: A FAILURE OF NATIONAL ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dicks,   Michael R.
The use of national aggregate measures for the purpose of analyzing the impacts of agricultural policies hides the impact of national policies on the distribution of benefits and costs between and within regions, size, and types of businesses. While economists can use national aggregate measures to indicate changes in overall efficiency due to policies, the tradeoff between efficiency and equity should be measured and the results provided to policymakers. These tradeoffs were not presented during the 1995-96 Farm Bill debate.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Equity; Farm bill; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15229

The implications of policy settings on land use and agricultural technology adoption in North-West India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Millham,   Nick; Crean,   Jason; Singh,   Rajinder Pal.
The irrigated rice-wheat cropping system is the predominant and most profitable farming system in north-west India, especially in Punjab. However, there are growing concerns about the environmental effects of the system, particularly with the practice of burning rice stubbles, due to its adverse effects on human health and air pollution. In this paper we consider the wide array of policy settings that tend to favour current land uses and management practices and their impact on the farming system over time. As part of an ACIAR-funded project, we assess the significance of these policies with a view to considering what additional or alternative policies could be put in place to encourage the adoption of approaches or technologies directly concerned with...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Air pollution; Stubble burning; Technology adoption; India; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100686

Can the concept of “food sovereignty” justify increasing agricultural protection in developing countries?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laroche Dupraz,   Catherine; Postolle,   Angele.
The food crisis has challenged the political legitimacy and economic efficiency of the deregulation and liberalization of international agricultural trade. In the second half of the 20th century, “food security” was put forward as the grounds for the implementation of modern protectionist agricultural policies in developed countries. In response to falling, unstable agricultural prices on world markets, price support mechanisms became the main European agricultural policy tool, generating high tariffs. The protection of agricultural markets was reassessed by the Uruguay Round of the GATT international trade negotiations (1986-1994), resulting in binding commitments to reduce domestic support measures suspected of impacting world prices. The ongoing Doha...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food sovereignty; Developing countries; Protection; Agricultural policy; WTO negotiations; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115435

South Korea Agriculture Policy Review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gurung,   Rajendra Kumar; Pa,   Chung; Deng,   Hugh.
South Korea is a highly urbanized and industrialized country. Increased urbanization and greater specialization have led to rising incomes, and changes in food production and consumption patterns. Changes in consumption and increased production specialization have also resulted in changes in trading patterns, with South Korea emerging as a leading importer of agri-food products.  South Korea places great importance on self-sufficiency in food staples, and achieving income parity between rural and urban households. To attain these goals, considerable support has been provided to its agriculture sector. South Korea's policy support to the agriculture sector ranks among the worlds' highest. Small holdings still persist, entry into the sector is difficult, and...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: South Korea; Agricultural policy; Self-sufficiency; Natural resources; Demographics; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Public Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52051

Income Stabilization Through Government Payments: How Is Farm Household Consumption Affected?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Whitaker,   James B.; Effland,   Anne.
We estimate the impacts of various types of government payments to U.S. agriculture on different components of farm household consumption. Using 2003 to 2005 data from the Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS), we show that marginal rates of consumption differ by consumption category and income source, including different types of farm program payments. The results suggest that farm households treat income from different sources as imperfect substitutes and may reserve income from specific sources for specific types of consumption. Implications for the effects of different types of government payments on the farm household are considered.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Consumption; Farm households; Government payments; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49863

AGRICULTURAL TRADE AND THE DOHA ROUND: LESSONS FROM COMMODITY STUDIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beghin,   John C.; Aksoy,   Ataman.
While global analytical approaches to agricultural trade liberalization yield large gains for most economies, there are substantial variations in the policy regimes across commodities. To clarify the multiplicity of distortions and impacts, the World Bank's Trade Department undertook a series of commodity studies. The studies highlight the important challenges faced by negotiating countries in the Doha Round of the World Trade Organization (WTO) trade negotiations. The studies provide a sharper look at the North-South dimensions of the agricultural trade debate, with the North's trade barriers, domestic support, and tariff escalation. They also underscore the South-South challenges on border protection and the reduced rural income opportunities for the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Commodities; Doha Round; Trade negotiations; WTO; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18301

A Review of Agricultural Policy Evolution, Agricultural Data Sources, and Food Supply and Demand Studies in Egypt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Soliman,   Ibrahim; Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Bassiony,   Halah.
Over the years the control of the Government of Egypt on the agricultural sector has increasingly weakened with the progressive elimination of the input subsidy, area control, price control, procurement control, and the constraints in private sector participation in processing and trade. The only remaining major government involvement is the food subsidy in some wheat products, the “baladi” bread subsidy in particular.  Policy analysis studies in Egypt have been made possible because the Government of Egypt collects and publishes significant amounts of agricultural data on a regular basis. Two of the most widely used data sets are the Household Budget Survey conducted and published by the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, and the Food...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural data; Agricultural policy; Egypt; Elasticity; Supply and demand.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59510

Agricultural Incomes Development in EU till 2030: Scenario Analysis of Main Driving Factors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tabeau,   Andrzej A.; van Meijl,   Hans; Banse,   Martin; Woltjer,   Geert B.
Europe’s rural areas are expected to witness rapid changes due to developments in demography, (agricultural) policies, global trade, climate change, technology and enlargement of the European Union. These changes will affect farmers’ production and income level and make the final outcome of this process uncertain. This paper tries to assess this uncertainty by analyzing the results of 34 scenarios of the EURURALIS project. The scenario outcomes were used to investigate agricultural income development and to analyze the impact of different combinations of macroeconomic and policy factors on agricultural income. The results of these scenarios were achieved in a modeling framework consisting of a modified version of the Global Trade Analysis Project model...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural incomes and production; Agricultural policy; Long-term scenarios.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48115

Den tidligere teoridannelse omkring landbrugets indkomstproblem samt pavirkningen af den faelles landbrugspolitik i Europa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zobbe,   Henrik.
The development of theory on agricultural income problems springs from empirical investigations showing that agricultural income is unstable over time, and that compared to other trades, it is diminishing. The theorists explain this with the fact that agricultural production factors are relatively rigid, due to lack of alternative application. This in turn means that the necessary adjustment to changes in relative pricing takes place too slowly. One solution would be an improvement to the alternative application of agricultural production factors, through structural policies. The Common Agricultural Policy, which among other things is founded on targeted incomes, works with price policy as a main means, not structural policy. This paper justifies this...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Income problems; Common Agricultural Policy; Landbrugspolitik; Indkomstproblem; Faelles landbrugspolitik; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24208

STRATEGIES FOR SMALLHOLDERS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: COMMERCIALISATION, DIVERSIFICATION AND EXIT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brooks,   Jonathan; Cervantes-Godoy,   Dalila; Jonasson,   Erik.
This paper proposes a strategic framework for policies to assist smallholders in developing countries. It describes the inevitable features of structural change in the agricultural and rural economy, the associated pressures that these changes place on smallholders, and the consequent need for policies to facilitate rather than impede adjustment. A key premise of the framework is that, for the majority of smallholders, the long term (i.e. inter-generational)future lies outside the sector. Hence, long-term policies need to make a distinction between those who potentially have a competitive future in the sector and those who do not. In either case, many of the necessary policies will not be agriculture-specific, so it is important that agricultural policies...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Smallholders; Rural development; Agricultural policy; Structural change; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; O20; Q18; R23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52867

CREDIT MARKET IMPERFECTIONS AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF POLICY RENTS: THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY IN THE NEW EU MEMBER STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ciaian,   Pavel; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
This article analyses how credit market imperfections affect the impacts of subsidies by analyzing the effects of agricultural subsidies in the new Eastern Member States of the European Union with a partial equilibrium model which integrates credit and land market imperfections. We show that credit constraints have important implications for the distribution of policy rents. Credit market imperfections may induce very different effects of direct payments and lump-sum transfers.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Imperfect credit markets; Land market; Policy rents; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6591

Tunisian agriculture: Are small farms doomed to disappear?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jouili,   Mustapha.
In Tunisia, small and medium-sized family farms dominate agriculture. From the early 80s, with the introduction of the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP), the conditions of production and reproduction of small farms have radically changed. In addition to the unfavorable trend of the prices, these farms are increasingly excluded from credit, land and support services. The ultimate consequence is a tendency in real incomes to decline, particularly sharp for small farms in the arid regions of the country. Faced with this degradation, small farms have developed mechanisms of adaptation or regulation allowing them to survive and, even in certain cases, to ensure more than a simple reproduction. But, it seems that the limits of these mechanisms of resistance...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Agricultural policy; Small farms; Tunisia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Q10; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52816

OPENING GLOBAL MARKETS FOR AGRICULTURE: THE NEXT WTO ROUND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sumner,   Daniel A.
More open international markets benefit the economy as a whole, as well as most U.S. agricultural producers. The Uruguay Round Agreement laid out a useful framework. Specifically addressed here is why the key to further liberalizing agricultural trade is reduction of tariffs as comprehensively and rapidly as politics will allow. Other issues such as export subsidies, tariff-rate quota quantities, and developing-country relationships are also important, especially while tariffs are coming down. Internal support rules have much less potential to liberalize trade.  Finally, as the December 1999 World Trade Organization ministerial meeting in Seattle demonstrated, delay in the negotiation process threatens liberalization.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Agricultural trade; Commodity trade; Tariff-rate quotas; Tariffs; Trade negotiations; WTO; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14709

Can the lack of coordination between an agricultural authority and a water agency generate inefficiencies?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martin,   Elsa; Stahn,   Hubert.
The point of departure of this work is the situation occurring in the Crau area (South-East of France). In this region, organic farmers use surface water for irrigation and excess water percolates into an aquifer that is used as a source for local residents. In contrast to the standard framework, agricultural production thus increases groundwater levels. In this paper, using a dynamic model, we derive the myopic and socially optimal food and water consumption paths. The first aim is to bring to the fore that an intervention is needed and that, in such a specific case, the environment can be protected thanks to some "good" production incentives. We then analyze the problem of coordination that can occur when two distinct local authorities - an agricultural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Externalities; Agricultural policy; Water policy; Coordination of policies; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; Q18; Q28.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91811

AUCTIONING OUTCOME-BASED CONSERVATION CONTRACTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Latacz-Lohmann,   Uwe; Schilizzi,   Steven; Breustedt,   Gunnar.
This paper explores two ideas to enhance the performance of agri-environmental contracting schemes: linking contract payments to environmental outcomes and putting the contracts up for tender. This paper investigates whether there are any gains to be had by combining the benefits of both approaches. Controlled lab experiments were run in two countries, systematically varying the rate at which payments are linked to environmental outcomes. This paper clarifies the conditions under which the benefits from combining tenders with incentive payments outweigh the costs.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Conservation tenders; Auctions; Incentive contracts; Agricultural policy; Environmental policy; Market-based instruments; Experimental economics; Auktionen; Ausschreibungsverfahren; Agrar-Umweltverträge; Agrar-Umweltpolitik; Anreizverträge; Experimentelle Ökonomie; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Demand and Price Analysis; Political Economy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114523

Why Are Farmers Going Multifunctional?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jongeneel,   Roelof A.; Polman,   Nico B.P.; Slangen,   Louis H.G.
The European farm model is aimed at stimulating and facilitating multifunctional agriculture. This paper presents the results of research into the factors determining the adoption of multifunctional activities. In the paper survey results from 495 farms, spread all over the Netherlands, were used. Binomial logit models were estimated for multifunctional activities in general and four specific activities. Trust in the government is an important explaining factor for participation in nature conservation and recreation, however, less important for services and selling products. Location of the farm is important for nature conservation, services, and recreation. Attitude variables are particularly important for participation in nature conservation and day and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Multifunctionality; Land use; Agricultural policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Land Economics/Use; G18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24585

The impact of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Outbreaks and alternative control strategies on agricultural markets and trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Junker,   Franziska; Komorowska,   Joanna; van Tongeren,   Frank W.
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is one of the most contagious animal diseases. Because of the easy transfer between animals, FMD is of importance to the domestic market, but also to international agricultural trade. Infected countries are often confronted with rigorous measures implemented by their trading partners.  The guidelines set out by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) define the waiting period after which a country that experienced an FMD epidemic can be declared as free of the disease for international trade purposes. In order to minimize the duration of this period, infected developed countries have often implemented mass slaughter strategies. The aim of the paper is to examine the impact of alternative control strategies on the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International agricultural trade; Agricultural policy; Livestock; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51465

Are Citizens Willing to Pay for Agricultural Multifunctionality?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kallas,   Zein; Gomez-Limon,   Jose Antonio; Arriaza Balmón,   Manuel.
Agricultural multifunctionality is the recognition of the joint exercise of economic, environmental and social functions by this sector. In order to make this concept operative for the design of public policies, it is necessary to estimate the social demand for such functions. The main objective of this article is to present an empirical application in this line. For this purpose we have taken the agricultural system of cereal steppes in Tierra de Campos (Spain) as a case study. The economic valuation technique used is the Choice Experiment. The results suggest the existence of a significant demand for the different functions, although this demand is heterogeneous, depending on the socio-economic characteristics of the individuals.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural multifunctionality; Agricultural policy; Economic valuation; Choice experiment; Consumer/Household Economics; Q18; Q11; Q25.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25476

Life and work on small-scale farms in Norway: an outlook based on survey results linked to financial data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lien,   Gudbrand D.; Bergfjord,   Ole Jakob; Hoveid,   Oyvind.
This paper studies what causes (small-scale) farmers to leave their farms and typically move to urban areas. A data set is constructed by linking survey results with financial data, and the data set is analyzed by multivariate statistical techniques. Our results indicate that, while existence and size of future farm production is important, there is also a difference between farmers who primarily have financial objectives for their farming, and those who have more lifestyle oriented objectives. The latter group is, everything else being equal, more likely to stay on the farm. This could imply that, if preventing migration from rural to urban areas is a policy objective, production support schemes will be effective for some groups, but will be less...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Migration; Farmer objectives; Agricultural policy; Structural equation modelling; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52849

Agricultural Policy Indicators
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Josling,   Timothy E.; Valdes,   Alberto.
This paper outlines a methodological approach for use by FAO to collect, analyze and monitor agricultural policy indicators (API) for developing countries. The aim is to establish a consistent and comparable set of policy indicators, allowing analysts to examine whether agriculture in particular countries is being stimulated or retarded by the set of policies employed. The API should also be useful in the context of quantitative models of policy impacts and market projections. Ideally, the indicators should function as building blocks for the more comprehensive policy measurement. This paper is presented in four parts. Part I gives an overview of the rationale for monitoring, the relationship between policy monitoring, quantitative modeling and evaluation,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Trade and development; Policy indicators; Domestic support; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q11; Q17; Q18; O10; O19.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23789

ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES ON CONSTRUCTING A COMPOSITE INDICATOR TO MEASURE AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gomez-Limon,   Jose Antonio; Riesgo,   Laura.
The aim of this paper is to carry out a comparative analysis of alternative methods on constructing composite indicators to measure global sustainability of the agricultural sector. This comparison is implemented empirically on the irrigated agriculture of the Duero basin (Spain) as a case study. For this purpose, this research uses a dataset of indicators previously calculated for different farm-types and policy scenarios. The results allow to establish a hierarchy of the policy scenarios on the basis of the level of sustainability achieved. Furthermore, analyzing the heterogeneity of different farms-types in each scenario, is also possible to determine the main features of the most sustainable farms in each case. All this information is useful in order...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustainability; Composite Indicators; Irrigated agriculture; Scenarios; Agricultural policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6489

EXCHANGE RATE EFFECTS ON AGRICULTURAL TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Orden,   David.
With sustained appreciation of the U.S. dollar over the past 4 years, the exchange rate has again taken on importance for agriculture.  This overview paper revisits the analysis of exchange rate impacts, reviewing the relevant conceptual arguments, summarizing the evidence economists and agricultural economists have marshaled from the 1970s and the 1980s and from several more recent papers, presenting some illustrative recent empirical analysis of exchange rate effects, and briefly examining the detrimental consequences that sustained appreciation of the dollar is having on U.S. farm policy.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Agricultural trade; Exchange rate; International Relations/Trade; F31; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15466

Croatia's EU accession: socio-economic assessment of farm households and policy recommendations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mollers,   Judith; Zier,   Patrick; Frohberg,   Klaus; Buchenrieder,   Gertrud; Bojnec,   Stefan.
Croatia is very close to meeting the requirements necessary for becoming a member of the European Union (EU). On February 6, 2008, the European Enlargement Commissioner Olli Rehn said that accession negotiations with Croatia are moving ahead well. As in all new member states (NMS), the agricultural sector and food processing chain are core issues within the negotiation process. Successful negotiation requires intimate knowledge of the issue at hand, including the socio-economic situation and the fears and strategies of the stakeholders, particularly small-scale farmers. This report attempts to close some of these knowledge gaps by reviewing Croatia’s rural development dynamics and farm structures, as well as agricultural and rural policies. Based on an...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Croatia; Rural development; EU accession; Slovenia; Farm households; Competitiveness; Agricultural policy; CAP; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; O18; O13; O12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53665

Assessing the Future Development of the Macedonian Agriculture: Partial equilibrium model of livestock-feed sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kotevska,   Ana; Dimitrievski,   Dragi; Erjavec,   Emil.
The country is facing one of the biggest challenges since its independence – the process of the EU accession. Taking into consideration that „forecasting important economic events is source of power“ (Howitt, 2005), the aim of this paper is to develop a model in order to assess the impact of the EU membership on the Macedonian agriculture. The model is recursive, dynamic, multi-product partial equilibrium model for the meat, dairy and cereals sector in the Republic of Macedonia. It follows the AGMEMOD principles, hence comprising the local features of the Macedonian agriculture. The baseline scenario shows a positive growth of the pig meat, lamb meat and cow milk sectors. On the other hand, in the EU scenarios the most positive effect is expected in the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Partial equilibrium model; Agricultural policy; Macedonian agriculture; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114698

THE POTENTIAL FOR REVENUE INSURANCE POLICIES IN THE SOUTH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Skees,   Jerry R.; Harwood,   Joy L.; Somwaru,   Agapi; Perry,   Janet E.
The 1996 Farm Act and the 1994 Crop Insurance Reform Act are recent examples of policy changes that have increased risks for U.S. farmers. New products are emerging to help farmers manage risks. This article examines some of the policy changes, farmer responses, and new risk-sharing products. The focus turns to the new revenue insurance products and their potential in the South. While there are reasons to believe revenue insurance should be attractive in the South, any revenue products that use existing crop insurance rates will face difficulties since poor actuarial performance in the South has resulted in relatively high rates.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Crop insurance; Revenue insurance; Risk; Southern agriculture; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15093

MEASURING INEFFICIENCY IN THE PRESENCE OF AN EXPORT TAX, AN IMPORT TARIFF, AND A STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmitz,   Troy G.
Agricultural sales cooperative unions (ASCUs) in Turkey are heavily influenced by both domestic and international government policies.  Both export taxes and import tariffs are used as policy tools to regulate cotton markets.  Domestic price support programs, water subsidies, fertilizer subsidies, and credit subsidies have also been used as domestic policy tools.  These types of subsidies are not uncommon among developing countries.  This paper provides empirical estimates of the degree of economic inefficiency associated with government intervention in Turkish cotton markets.  A two-region partial equilibrium model of cotton exports and imports is developed under the "small country assumption" to obtain empirical estimates of the deadweight welfare loss...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Export tax; Tariff; Agricultural policy; Turkey; Cotton; Agricultural cooperatives; Welfare; State trading enterprises; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15510

Agri-Environmental Policy at the Crossroads: Guideposts on a Changing Landscape
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Claassen,   Roger; Hansen,   LeRoy T.; Peters,   Mark; Breneman,   Vincent E.; Weinberg,   Marca; Cattaneo,   Andrea; Feather,   Peter; Gadsby,   Dwight M.; Hellerstein,   Daniel; Hopkins,   Jeffrey W.; Johnston,   Paul V.; Morehart,   Mitchell J.; Smith,   Mark.
Agri-environmental policy is at a crossroads. Over the past 20 years, a wide range of policies addressing the environmental implications of agricultural production have been implemented at the Federal level. Those policies have played an important role in reducing soil erosion, protecting and restoring wetlands, and creating wildlife habitat. However, emerging agri-environmental issues, evolution of farm income support policies, and limits imposed by trade agreements may point toward a rethinking of agri-environmental policy. This report identifies the types of policy tools available and the design features that have improved the effectiveness of current programs. It provides an indepth analysis of one policy tool that may be an important component of a...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Conservation programs; Environmental policy; Agricultural policy; Policy instruments; Agricultural program design; Soil erosion; Nitrogen runoff; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33983

Environmental Good Production in the Optimum Activities Portfolio of a Risk Averse Farmer
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Havlik,   Petr; Jacquet,   Florence; Boisson,   Jean-Marie; Veysset,   Patrick; Lherm,   Michel.
An analytical framework is proposed for analysis of environmental good production by farmers in the case of price uncertainty.  Environmental good production contracted by means of agri-environmental agreements is treated as a risk less option in the farmer's production activities portfolio.  Efficient frontiers were generated using mathematical programming farm level models of suckler cow farms in Monts du Cantal, in France.  It was demonstrated that for a DARA risk averse farmer: 1) the agreement payment level is not without impact on the farming intensity on parcels not subscribed under the corresponding argi-environmental programme, 2) a lump sum payment matters under uncertainty, 3) the overall impact of the lump sum payment on environmental good...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Uncertainty; Portfolio optimisation; Biodiversity; Agricultural policy; Mathematical programming; Agricultural and Food Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12; Q18; Q28.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24594

Credit Market Imperfections and the Distribution of Policy Rents
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ciaian,   Pavel; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
This article shows that credit market imperfections have important implications for the distribution of policy rents. In a model with land as fixed factor and credit market imperfections, when an area payment is given, land rents go up by more than the subsidy. On aggregate farms may lose from the subsidy. The results depend on the extent to which subsidies have direct and indirect effects on the credit constraints, on whether farms rent or own land, and on farm heterogeneity.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Imperfect credit markets; Policy rents; Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44050

The Complexities of the Interface between Agricultural Policy and Trade: Technical Annex
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmitz,   Troy G.; Schmitz,   Andrew.
This document is the technical annex to the full paper “The Complexities of the Interface between Agricultural Policy and Trade” which is available separately.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Biofuels; Export taxes; Gains from trade; Tariffs; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120425

TRADE AND THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF AGRICULTURAL POLICY: THE CASE OF THE UNITED STATES PEANUT PROGRAM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Borges,   Robert B.
NAFTA and GATT will dramatically alter regulations protecting U.S. peanut markets and will allow foreign producers considerable access to domestic market. Traditionally, the political economy surrounding peanut policy has been favorable to domestic producers. Rising peanut butter imports, decreasing domestic demand, and possibly the inadvertent effects of domestic policy, ironically implemented to protect domestic producers, have contributed to significant increases in Treasury costs. These increased Treasury costs have dramatically changed the political climate surrounding the peanut program. In this light, the effects of GATT appear manageable; NAFTA may ultimately require major policy reform. Possible alternatives are presented.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; GATT; NAFTA; Peanuts; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15267

Should we combine incentive payments and tendering for efficiently purchasing conservation services from landholders?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schilizzi,   Steven; Breustedt,   Gunnar; Latacz-Lohmann,   Uwe.
Policy makers aiming to get private landholders to provide non-marketed environmental services need to provide efficient economic incentives. Two ideas have been explored to achieve this: linking contract payments to environmental outcomes and putting the contracts up for tender. This paper investigates whether there are any gains to be had by combining the benefits of both approaches. Landholder risk aversion may offset incentive effects if the fall in participation outweighs any increases in individual effort. Using controlled lab experiments in two countries and across four subject groups, and systematically varying the rate at which payments are linked to uncertain outcomes, this paper clarifies the conditions under which incentives overcome...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Conservation tenders; Auctions; Incentive contracts; Agricultural policy; Environmental policy; Market-based instruments; Experimental economics; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59159

A Stochastic Analysis of the Impact of Volatile World Agricultural Prices on European and UK Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moss,   Joan E.; Binfield,   Julian C.R.; Zhang,   Lichun; Patton,   Myles; Kim,   In Seck.
Successive Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reforms and trade liberalisation have led to a more market-orientated European agricultural sector, with EU commodity prices now more closely linked to world prices. As a consequence EU prices have become more volatile. Greater price volatility increases uncertainty and raises fresh challenges for projections of policy impacts in the EU. To take account of world price volatility stochastic modelling has been applied to the FAPRI-EU partial equilibrium model, which includes a UK modelling system. Stochastic modelling provides a means to capture some of the inherent uncertainty associated with agricultural production systems. By varying assumptions about certain exogenous variables, stochastic models can be used to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Stochastic modelling; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108771

Controversies between Stated Agricultural Policy Objectives and Policy Measures in the EU's CAP
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arovuori,   Kyösti.
In general agricultural policies aim to achieve several objectives using different combinations of instruments. In this study, our aim is to analyse how efficiently policy instruments used in the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy respond to policy objectives. We will present a formal framework to analyse the effects of instruments to a particular objectives. Our analysis will reveal that there are several controversies between stated agricultural policy objectives and policy instruments.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Instruments; Objectives; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43844

ประสิทธิภาพการผลิตเชิงเทคนิคของการผลิตข้าวขาวดอกมะลิ 105 ในจังหวัดร้อยเอ็ด
Provedor de dados: 106
Autores: Bang-orn Sansri; Orawan Srisompun; Suparat Chitchamnong; Phatcharee Siritrakulsak.
The objectives of this study were to study the efficiency of input factors for Khao Dawk Mali (KDML) 105 production, and estimate the technical efficiency score of rice production in Roi-Et province. The data used in this study was the cross-section data from famers who grew KDML 105 rice with broadcasting technique in Roi-Et province during 2012/13 crop year. The data was collected using the procedure of purposive sampling by choose highest number of farmers who grew KDWL 105 and found the soil group no 17 and 22 in the same area together with random sampling method. The sample consisted of those who grew KDML 105 rice on soil group no 17 and 22. There were 40 samples for each soil group totalling 80 samples. The result of Cobb-Douglas production function...
Tipo: PhysicalObject
Palavras-chave: Rice; Khao Dawk Mali 105; KDML 105 varieties; Rice production; Technical efficiency; Production efficiency; Cobb-douglas production function; Best pratice; Agricultural policy; Roi-Et province; ข้าว; พันธุ์ขาวดอกมะลิ 105; การปลูกข้าว; เทคนิคการผลิตข้าว; ประสิทธิภาพการผลิตเชิงเทคนิค; สมการการผลิต; ปัจจัยการผลิต; ผลิตภาพ; ผลตอบแทนการผลิต; นโยบายการเกษตร; การส่งเสริมการเกษตร; จ.ร้อยเอ็ด.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://anchan.lib.ku.ac.th/agnet/handle/001/5758

ลดต้นทุนการผลิตข้าว
Provedor de dados: 106
Tipo: PhysicalObject
Palavras-chave: Rice production; Cost; Agricultural policy; Government; Organic fertilizer; Biofertilizer; Water fern; Mung bean; Rhizobium; Utilisation; การผลิตข้าว; ต้นทุนการผลิต; การลดต้นทุน; นโยบาย; ภาครัฐบาล; ปุ๋ยชีวภาพ; แหนแดง; ถั่วเขียว; ไรโซเบียม; วิธีการใช้.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://anchan.lib.ku.ac.th/agnet/handle/001/5684

A scenario for the conversion of Common Agricultural Policy payments in Spain after the 2011 legislative proposals
Provedor de dados: 118
Autores: Andrés,Silvia; García,José M; Compés,Raúl.
S. Andrés, J.M. García, and R. Compés. 2013. A scenario for the conversion of Common Agricultural Policy payments in Spain after the 2011 legislative proposals. Cien. Inv. Agr. 40(2):291-306. This paper evaluates the impact of a new model of agricultural policy outlined in legislative proposals issued by the European Commission in October 2011 and estimates its effects on agricultural aid in Spanish Autonomous Communities compared with 2009. Therefore, the OECD agricultural policy-index system was used. To the extent that transversal criteria are applied, which support the transfer of aid between territories, the results suggest that changing the payment assignation model would involve a redistribution of aid towards areas that currently least benefit from...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; CAP post-2013; Direct payments; OECD; Redistribution.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-16202013000200005