Consulta: subjectFacets:"Agricultural productivity"
Registros recuperados: 35
Data/hora: 12/06/2024 10:37:05

EXOGENOUS PRODUCTION SHOCKS AND TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY AMONG TRADITIONAL IVORIEN RICE FARMERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sherlund,   Shane M.; Barrett,   Christopher B.
This paper uses a unique panel data set and data envelopment analysis (DEA) to obtain estimates of technical efficiency for 492 traditional rice plots in Côte d'Ivoire.  The objective of this paper is to explore the importance of explicitly controlling for exogenous shocks to production in technical efficiency estimation.  We show how omission of such variables in highly stochastic production environments can lead to serious inferential errors, with potentially significant policy implications.  Conventional DEA estimation of a production frontier, followed by second-stage Tobit estimation of the correlates of plot- level technical efficiency, suggest widespread and substantial inefficiency related to crop fragmentation and seed varieties.  However, when...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Africa (Sub-Saharan); Ivory Coast; Production frontiers; Agricultural productivity; Rice.; Crop Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis; O12; Q12; D2.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20945

LINKING LAND QUALITY, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, AND FOOD SECURITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wiebe,   Keith D.
Land quality and land degradation affect agricultural productivity, but quantifying these relationships has been difficult. Data are limited, and impacts are sensitive to the choices that farmers make. Summarizing new research by economists, soil scientists, and geographers, this report explores the extent to which land quality and land degradation affect agricultural productivity, how farmers' responses to land degradation are influenced by economic, environmental, and institutional factors, and whether land degradation poses a threat to productivity growth and food security. Results suggest that land degradation does not threaten food security at the global scale, but does pose problems in areas where soils are fragile, property rights are insecure, and...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Land quality; Land degradation; Soil erosion; Agricultural productivity; Food security; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34073

The correlation between the agricultural productivity and the export performance of the agro-food foreign trade in the Visegrád Group countries following accession to the European Union
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baráth,   Lajos; Nagy,   Zsuzsanna; Szabo,   Gabor G.
In this paper we have sought to answer three research questions: what was the difference between the agricultural export growth rates of the Visegrád Group countries following the EU accession; how did the multifactor productivity in the countries under study evolve; and could a correlation be observed between the growth rates of the multifactor productivity and of the agricultural exports. The average annual growth rate of the multifactor productivity was highest in Poland, followed by the growth rate in Slovakia, in Hungary and in the Czech Republic. The average annual growth rates of the exports of agricultural raw materials and of the total food economy had identical rankings except for Hungary. The results of the analysis allow the presumption that...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agro-food foreign trade; Agricultural productivity; Visegrád Group countries; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93122

Combining revealed and stated preference methods to assess the private value of agrobiodiversity in Hungarian home gardens
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Birol,   Ekin; Kontoleon,   Andreas; Smale,   Melinda.
Hungarian home gardens are small-scale farms managed by farm households using traditional management practices and family labor. They generate private benefits for farmers by enhancing diet quality and providing food when costs of transacting in local markets are high. Home gardens also generate public benefits for society by supporting long-term productivity advances in agriculture. In this paper, we estimate the private value to farmers of agrobiodiversity in home gardens. Building on the approach presented in EPTD Discussion Paper 117 (2004), we combine a stated preference approach (a choice experiment model) and a revealed preference approach (a discrete-choice, farm household model). Both models are based on random utility theory. To combine the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Home gardens; Small-scale farmers; Diet quality; Agricultural productivity; Agrobiodiversity; Household surveys; Private value; Choice experiment model; Farm household model; Revealed and stated preference methods; Biodiversity; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55415

REGIONAL TRENDS IN EXTENSION SYSTEM RESOURCES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ahearn,   Mary Clare; Yee,   Jet; Bottum,   John S.
In 1914, the Cooperative Extension Service was established to disseminate information about agriculture and home economics from land-grant universities to the U.S. public. At that time, about 30 percent of U.S. workers were in agriculture-related occupations; by the late 1990s, that share had declined to about 1 percent. Today, the Extension System ("Extension") is largely publicly funded and links the educational and research arms of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, land-grant universities, and related institutions. The system has changed along with its audience. The number of full-time-equivalent Extension personnel dropped by 12 percent from 1977 to 1997, with the largest declines found in community resource development and 4-H youth programs, two of...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Cooperative Extension Service; Extension; Full-time-equivalent; FTE; Agricultural productivity; Smith-Lever Act of 1914; Research and development; Land-grant  universities; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33787

Agricultural research and productivity growth in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Evenson,   Robert E.; Pray,   Carl E.; Rosegrant,   Mark W.
India’s investments in agricultural research, extension, and irrigation have made it one of the largest publicly funded systems in the world. But some policymakers who perceive that the benefits to research may be declining are advocating a cut back on public spending on research. This research report, which examines the effects of research and development on productivity in India, finds that India is still benefiting from these investments. The main sources of agricultural productivity growth in India during 1956–87 were public agricultural research and extension; expansion of irrigated area and rural infrastructure and improvement in human capital were also important contributors. The report also shows that the public benefits from private research can...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Research; India; Agricultural productivity; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37901

Agricultural Resources and Environmental Indicators, 2006 Edition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wiebe,   Keith D.; Gollehon,   Noel R.
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Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: ERS; AREI; Agricultural economics; Natural resources; Land; Land use; Land values; Land ownership; Water use; Irrigation; Water quality; Genetic resources; Biotechnology; Agricultural research; Agricultural productivity; Global resources; Soil conservation; Soil erosion; Pest management; Nutrient management; Animal agriculture; Organic agriculture; Conventional agriculture; Conservation policy; Land retirement; Working lands; Wetlands; Farmland protection; Environmental quality; Farm structure; Farm ownership; Farm management decisions; Farm business; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7207

Environmental Perceptions and Behavioral Change of Hillside Farmers: The Case of Haiti
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bayard,   Budry; Jolly,   Curtis M.
Land degradation is one of the most serious problems facing resource-poor tropical hillside farmers. Studies examining determinants of farmers’ decisions to invest in land improvement technologies have focused on economic and financial factors, neglecting individuals’ perceptions and awareness of the problems and how they affect land use and behavioral change that enhance environmental sustainability. This study examines Haitian peasants’ environmental behavior structure using a structural equation modeling approach. Specifically, the study examines the effects of perceived susceptibility, seriousness, benefits, and barriers to change on attitude, and the causal effect of attitude on behavior. The influence of the level of resources extracted from the land...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Farmers; Environment; Perception; Behaviour and degradation; Agricultural productivity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36804

Consequences of Deforestation for Women’s Time Allocation, Agricultural Production, and Nutrition in Hill Areas of Nepal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kumar,   Shubh K.; Hotchkiss,   David.
In the face of growing concerns about the environment, policy makers in developing countries find themselves increasingly pressured to choose between environmental deterioration in the long run and the growing demands of poor populations in the short run. Some environmentalists point to new technology –irrigation, fertilizer, and pesticides- as the basis of ecological decay in rural areas. A number of studies have shown, instead, that expanding farm yields in less fragile area through modern technology offers a viable alternative to stripping the land to expand crop area in marginal soils. In the hill areas of Nepal, as many developing countries, women’s work is the key not only to the functioning of the household but also a necessary supply of field...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Women agriculture laborers; Nepal; Agricultural productivity; Deforestation; Economic aspects; Time management; Women fuelwood gatherers; Food supply; Consumer/Household Economics; Labor and Human Capital; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42172

Agricultural Growth, Poverty Reduction and Millennium Development Goals in Africa: Outcomes of AAAE Conference
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nambiro,   Elizabeth; Omare,   Musa N.; Nkamleu,   Guy Blaise.
This report is a summary of emerging issues affecting African agriculture, recent experiences and policy proposals that can guide interventions in improving the sector’s productivity. Agriculture is at the centre of rural poverty reduction in Africa and urgent measures are needed to increase farm yields and incomes in order to stem collapse of economies and societies.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: AAAE; African Association of Agricultural Economists; Millennium development goals in Africa; Agricultural policies; Agricultural research systems; Poverty reduction; Agricultural productivity; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q010; Q130; Q170; Q180; Q560.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50144

Exploring growth linkages and market opportunities for agriculture in Southern Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nin Pratt,   Alejandro; Diao,   Xinshen.
Considering the heterogeneity of the countries of southern Africa and the presence of South Africa and other middle-income countries in the region, southern Africa has a unique opportunity to exploit agricultural potential and regional trade opportunities through regional dynamics and integration. We analyze the implications of such opportunities for the growth of the low-income countries, using a regional general equilibrium model that captures growth linkages. We find that growth in the middle-income southern African countries, such as South Africa, benefits the region’s low-income countries through increased demand for their agricultural exports. Agricultural productivity growth, however, is necessary for low-income countries to take advantage of South...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Regional trade; General equilibrium model; Regional integration; Agricultural productivity; Agricultural growth; Grain production; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55411

Productivity convergence in the European regional agricultures. Determinants of its evolution
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cuerva Narro,   Maria Carmen.
The aim of this study is to analyse the evolution of the European regional agricultural productivity in terms of convergence. The initial hypothesis is that, in spite of the integration process, the agricultural productivity does not converge to the same stationary level. Additionally, we try to identify the decisive factors affecting such productivity growth. Productivity related information comes from Cambridge Econometrics database for a set of 125 EU-15 regions in the period 1985-2004. The methodology used consists in traditional beta convergence regressions. The difficulties with cross-sectional estimations require the use of panel data techniques for a better estimation of the speed of convergence. The main results show that convergence occurs to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural productivity; Beta convergence; Panel data; Common Agricultural Policy; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58002

Sources of Agricultural Productivity Growth in Central Asia: The Case of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lerman,   Zvi; Sedik,   David J.
The paper examines agricultural production and productivity growth in two Central Asian countries – Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Both countries are characterized by a significant shift of resources from the traditional Soviet model of collective agriculture to more market-compliant individual and family farming. In both countries, the beginning of the policy-driven switch to family farming around 1997 coincided with the beginning of recovery in agriculture, namely resumption of agricultural growth after a phase of transition decline since 1991. In addition to growth in total agricultural production, we also observe significant increases in productivity of both land and labor since 1997. These observations suggest that productivity growth may be attributable...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural productivity; Agricultural growth; Family farms; Corporate farms; Comparative performance; Agrarian reforms; Transition countries; Central Asia; Tajikistan; Uzbekistan; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; P27; P31; P32; Q15; R14.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54713

Land Management Decisions and Agricultural Productivity in the Hillsides of Honduras
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jansen,   Hans G.P.; Pender,   John L.; Damon,   Amy L.; Schipper,   Robert A.
Increasing land degradation and concomitant low agricultural productivity are important determinants of rural poverty in the hillside areas of Honduras. Using data at the levels of the farm household, parcel and plot, we develop an econometric modeling framework to analyze land management decisions and their impact on crop productivity. Our econometric model allows for endogenous household decisions regarding livelihood strategy choice, use of labor and external inputs, and participation in organizations. We found support for the inverse farm size-land productivity relationship which suggests that improved land access could increase total crop production. Land tenure has no impact on crop productivity, but adoption of soil conservation practices is higher...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural productivity; Hillsides; Honduras; Land management; Soil conservation; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25302

Uptake of Improved Technologies in the Semi-arid Tropics of West Africa: Why is Agricultural Transformation Lagging Behind?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ndjeunga,   Jupiter; Bantilan,   Ma Cynthia S.
During the last 3 decades, donors and governments have invested in the development and dissemination of new technologies in the semi-arid tropics of West Africa. Though a wide range of improved technologies has been developed, adoption remains low without a significant impact on crop productivity, rural income and poverty. Agricultural transformation as occurred in East Asia has not yet occurred in the semi-arid tropics of West Africa. This paper uses data from a regional survey of rural households in 3 countries in West Africa (Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger) to identify the determinants of uptake of improved technologies. Limited productivity gain is found to be a major constraint to the uptake of technologies. In addition, poorly functioning...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Institutions; Technology; Markets; Road infrastructure; Information; Agricultural productivity; International Development.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/110146

STRATEGIES TO INCREASE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AND REDUCE LAND DEGRADATION: EVIDENCE FROM UGANDA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pender,   John L.; Nkonya,   Ephraim M.; Jagger,   Pamela; Sserunkuuma,   Dick; Ssali,   Henry.
This paper estimates a structural econometric model of household decisions regarding income strategies, participation in programs and organizations, crop choices, land management, and labor use, and their implications for agricultural production and land degradation; based upon a survey of over 450 households and their farm plots in Uganda.  The results generally support the Boserupian model of population-induced agricultural intensification, but do not support the "more people-less erosion" hypothesis, with population pressure found to contribute to erosion in the densely populated highlands. Agricultural technical assistance programs have location-specific impacts on agricultural production and land degradation, contributing to higher value of crop...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural productivity; Land degradation; Agricultural development strategies; Uganda; Farm size-productivity; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25816

International R&amp;D Spillovers and Productivity Growth in the Agricultural Sector A Panel Cointegration Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gutierrez,   Luciano; Guiterrez,   M.
This paper analyses, within the new growth theory framework and using panel cointegration techniques, the effect of agricultural international technological spillovers on total factor productivity growth for a sample of 47 countries during the period 1970-1992. The analysis shows that total factor productivity is strongly influenced by domestic as well as foreign public R&amp;D spending in agricultural sector and geographical factors matters. Countries located in temperate zones benefit more than countries located in tropical zones from technological spillovers. Finally, the analysis shows that the rate of return to agricultural R&amp;D spending is higher in tropical countries and this could justify new support and an even greater investment of funds for...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technology spillover; Agricultural productivity; Panel cointegration; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C14; O30; Q16.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24967

CLIMATE CHANGE AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: A SPATIAL SAMPLE SELECTION MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ward,   Patrick S.; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.; Flores-Lagunes,   Alfonso.
Using data at a high spatial resolution, we estimate a cereal yield response function conditional upon climatological and topographical features using a recently developed estimator for spatial process models when sample selection is of concern. We control for localized spatial correlation in unobserved disturbances affecting both the selection to plant cereals as well as in the resulting conditional yield response. We find that cereal yields across Sub-Saharan Africa will decline with increasing temperatures resulting from global climate change, and that failing to control for sample selection leads to underestimation of these adverse effects.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural productivity; Climate change; Spatial econometrics; Sample selection; Generalized method of moments; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C31; Q18; C50.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116182

Desarrollando mercados rurales: el rol de la incertidumbre y la restricción crediticia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Escobal D'Angelo,   Javier.
El estudio evalúa cuáles son los factores más relevantes para que un pequeño productor agrícola demande asistencia técnica con el propósito de incursionar en mercados “dinámicos”; es decir, en mercados que puedan absorber cantidades crecientes de su cultivo. Los resultados muestran que existe un segmento de productores cuya “distancia” a estos mercados no es tan significativa como para que no puedan incursionar en ellos. Sin embargo, restricciones asociadas al grado de organización de los productores, a su percepción del riesgo y a las posibilidades de acceso al mercado de crédito les impiden acceder a los beneficios adicionales que estos mercados ofrecen.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Mercados agrícolas; Agricultura; Productividad agrícola; Mercado financiero; Asistencia técnica; Desarrollo rural; Perú; Agricultural markets; Agriculture; Agricultural productivity; Financial market; Technical assistance; Rural development; Peru; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Q1; Q13; Q14.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37729

LAND TENURE SYSTEM, FARM SIZE, INNOVATION AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY IN SOUTH-EAST NIGERIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eze,   Christopher C.; Konkwo,   S.O.; Orebiyi,   J.S.; Kadiri,   F.A.
This study examined land tenure systems, farm sizes, agricultural productivity and innovation in Imo State, Nigeria. Specifically the study examined the socio-economic characteristics of farmers, estimated the farm size of the farmers, identified reasons for not practicing mechanized farming, identified different innovations available to the farmers and identified the factors that affected agricultural productivity . Five communities were chosen randomly and from each of these communities, twenty farmers were randomly chosen. Data were collected, collated and analyzed using relevant techniques such as means, percentages, frequency distribution and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that 85% of the respondents practiced individual land tenure...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land Tenure system; Farm size; Agricultural productivity; Innovation; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108934

OS ALIMENTOS TRANSGÊNICOS NA AGRICULTURA BRASILEIRA: EVOLUÇÃO E PERSPECTIVAS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Almeida,   Gustavo Calixto Scoralick de; Lamounier,   Wagner Moura.
The transgenic is a genetically modified organism or culture (OGM) that contains a gene that was artificially inserted, instead of having acquired naturally for pollination as they are for the conventional cultures. The “new agriculture “ based on this kind of products, points to a smaller degradation of the soils and of the environment, with reduction of the production costs and of the final prices for the consumer. Though your effects about the human health are still ignored and for that same reason, several restrictions to that type of food have been imposed. In that sense, this work sought to enlarge the discussion on that product type, discussing the possible environmental, economical and biological impacts of the transgenic use. The work is concluded...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Transgenic food; Agricultural productivity; Agricultural; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43932

Productivity Change and Agricultural Policy Reform in China: Village Level Evidence for 1995 to 2009
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zheng,   Li; Kening,   Wu.
Adopting Stochastic Frontier Analysis and the multivariate regression model and employing 1995-2009 village-level data, the paper evaluates and interprets the effect of China’s agricultural policy reform on agricultural productivity change in the past fifteen years. The results show that China’s agricultural productivity has made significant growth in the past fifteen years under the influence of China’s agricultural policy reform. Furthermore, the effects of different agricultural policies on technical change and technical efficiency have significant differences with obvious periodic and regional features. The economic development pattern combining liberty with regulation has also led to frequent changes in China’s agricultural policies, which results in...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Chinese agricultural policy; Agricultural productivity; Stochastic frontier analysis; Multivariate regression model; Agricultural and Food Policy; Productivity Analysis; Q18; Q47.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103406

A Mixed Geographically Weighted Approach to Decoupling and Rural Development in the EU-15
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pecci,   Francesco; Sassi,   Maria.
The CAP reform and the recent EC communication aimed at preparing its Health Check emphasise the need for interventions locally based where agricultural policy integrates with a broader policy for rural areas growth. In this context, the paper investigates the possible different sets policy indicators affecting agricultural productivity at the regional level considering spatial heterogeneity by means of a Mixed Geographically Weighted Regression approach. The analysis is based on a set of policy sensitive indicators selected according to the key component of the CAP reform and referred to a sample of 164 EU-15 regions at NUTS2 level. The methodology adopted, new for the empirical literature on the topic, allows for a more accurate understanding of spatial...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: CAP reform; Agricultural productivity; Spatial analysis; Cluster analysis; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6625

The Private Sector in Agricultural R&amp;D: Policies and Institutions to Foster its Growth in Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Naseem,   Anwar; Omamo,   Steven Were; Spielman,   David J.
New technologies are critical to enhancing agricultural productivity and reducing poverty in many developing countries. While public-sector investment in research has historically driven technological change in agriculture, recent trends suggest that the public sector’s role may not be as significant in the future. There is much optimism about the private sector’s capacity to deliver new technologies, even though current levels of private investment in research in developing countries remain low. This paper examines the determinants of private investment in agricultural research and development in developing countries, the market and institutional constraints that limit private investment growth, and the incentive mechanisms that can strengthen private...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural research and development; Private sector; Agricultural productivity; Research and development; Poverty reduction; Investments; Biotechnology; Food policy; Agricultural research; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58582

LAND QUALITY, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, AND FOOD SECURITY AT LOCAL, REGIONAL, AND GLOBAL SCALES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wiebe,   Keith D.
Econometric and simulation analyses indicate that land degradation does not threaten agricultural productivity growth and food security at the global level, but problems exist in some areas.  Improving market performance could reduce erosion-induced yield losses to 0.1 percent per year and the number of hungry people in less-developed countries by 5 percent over 10 years.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land quality; Agricultural productivity; Food security; Food Security and Poverty; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22015

Precio de la tierra con presión urbana: un modelo para España
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Decimavilla,   Esther; San Juan,   Carlos; Sperlich,   Stefan.
RESUMEN: Estudiamos el precio de la tierra para uso agrario y las variables que determinan su evolución en España, tratando de identificar qué parte de la subida de precios observada se justifica por elementos «internos», relacionados con la renta agraria esperada, y cuál proviene de elementos externos o especulativos, vinculados a cambios en el uso del suelo. Además se relaciona el ciclo de precios con la aceleración de la especialización en el ámbito regional y la integración en la PAC. La novedad de este trabajo consiste en identificar, mediante técnicas de datos de panel, factores no fundamentales (presión urbanizadora, creación de regadíos, cambio demográfico) que, además de los fundamentales (ingresos esperados y localización geográfica) determinan...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Especialización regional; Especulación urbana; Datos de panel; Precios de la tierra; Productividad agraria; Urban pressure; Panel data; Land prices; Agricultural productivity; Regional specialization; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q15; R14; Q24; R52.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37186

Environmentally Adjusted Agricultural Productivity in the Great Plains
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rezek,   Jon P.; Perrin,   Richard K.
This study adjusts 1960-1996 agricultural productivity gains in a panel of Great Plains states to account for the discharge of pesticide and nitrogen effluents into the environment. The agricultural-environmental technology is approximated with translog distance functions that allow us to contrast traditional versus environmentally adjusted productivity gains. Findings indicate technical change has been increasingly biased toward environmentally friendly production. While the environmental adjustment reduced overall productivity gains during the sample period, in recent years adjusted productivity outpaced the traditional measure, reflecting the pro-environment bias in technical change.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural productivity; Distance function; Environmental externalities; Nitrogen; Pesticides; Technical change bias; Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31112

Contribution of Wheat Diversity to Total Factor Productivity in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jin,   Songqing; Meng,   Erika C.H.; Hu,   Ruifa; Rozelle,   Scott; Huang,   Jikun.
The impact of wheat diversity on the productivity of wheat in China is examined using total factor productivity (TFP) and an instrumental variable approach.  TFP in seven key wheat-producing provinces in China shows significant, though variable, growth for all provinces during the period 1982-1995.  Analysis of the causes of TFP growth tests alternative taxonomies of wheat diversity (named varieties and morphological groups) and three measures of diversity.  The analysis shows significant effects of diversity on TFP with results consistent across taxonomies and measures of diversity.  Further decomposition of the estimation results confirms the relative magnitude of impact of wheat diversity on TFP growth.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural productivity; China; Crop diversity; Diversity index; Total factor productivity; Wheat; Crop Production/Industries; Production Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46555

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN CHINA: FARM LEVEL VERSUS NATIONAL MEASUREMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carter,   Colin A.; Chen,   Jing; Chu,   Baojin.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural productivity; China; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11954

The Role of International Trade in Achieving Food Security
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.
Deteriorating food security status is primarily a local phenomenon resulting from failures in food systems and inadequate incomes. Technological advances in agriculture have led to declining long-term trends in food prices, which have assisted in improving diets. It is projected that in the first half of the twenty-first century, food production increases will have a difficult time keeping pace with the increase in population, leading to increased incidents where local price spikes for food lead to deteriorations in the food security status of many locally resident individuals. International trade in food products will be key to mitigating the effects of local food systems failures.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural productivity; Food security; International trade; Price spikes; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117818

REGIONAL PRODUCTIVITY DIFFERENCES AND PROSPECT FOR CONVERGENCE IN BANGLADESH AGRICULTURE, 1964-1992
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rahman,   Sanzidur.
This paper applies the sequential Malmquist index to calculate multi lateral, multi-factor productivity (MFP) indices for agriculture in 16 regions of Bangladesh from 1964 to 1992 and examines convergence among regions. Productivity grew at an average rate of 2.2% per annum, led by regions with high level of Green Revolution technology diffusion. The growth mainly occurred due to technological progress estimated at 2.1% per year. Overall technical efficiency declined slightly at 0.1% per year due to falling technical efficiency in most of the regions in later years. Both cross-section and time series tests confirmed that divergence among regions disappeared and agricultural productivity reached convergence in the long run.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural productivity; Regional variations; Convergence; Bangladesh; Productivity Analysis; O4; Q1.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20047

The Case of Smallholder Dairying in Eastern Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ngigi,   Margaret.
Agriculture plays a crucial role in the economy of sub-Saharan Africa. A feature of particular significance about the region is that the majority of households are heavily dependent on agriculture as their major source of livelihood. Smallholder agriculture is the principal producer of staple foods and cash crops, accounting for very large shares of national production and marketed output. For the respective countries, therefore, the performance of smallholder agriculture has crucial implications for the overall economic development process including the alleviation of rural poverty. The demands created by steadily increasing populations, and the pressing need to increase agricultural productivity means that these countries must continuously adopt methods...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Dairying; East Africa; Uganda; Kenya; Livestock; Smallholders; Poverty alleviation; Population growth; Agricultural productivity; Small farmers; Rural poor; Livestock Production/Industries; Q1; Q15.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59246

Has the Return on Australian Public Investment in Agricultural Research Changed?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Binenbaum,   Eran; Mullen,   John D.; Wang,   Chang Tao.
We examine whether there has been a decline in the returns from Australian public investment in research on broadacre agriculture. Complementing a forthcoming paper by Mullen, we use alternative specifications for the regression equation, which employs the log of total factor productivity (TFP) as the dependent variable. The rate of return is computed on an annual basis rather than by using multi-year averages. In contrast to Mullen’s earlier preliminary analysis, we have now found some evidence of a decline in the rate of return on public R&amp;D investment, lending some support to recently voiced concerns on this matter.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: R&amp;D; Rate of return; Agricultural productivity; Public investment; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6016

Sources of Agricultural Productivity Growth in Central Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lerman,   Zvi; Sedik,   David J.
The paper examines agricultural production and productivity growth in two Central Asian countries – Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Both countries are characterized by a significant shift of resources from the traditional Soviet model of collective agriculture to more market-compliant individual and family farming. In both countries, the beginning of the policy-driven switch to family farming around 1997 coincided with the beginning of recovery in agriculture, namely resumption of agricultural growth after a phase of transition decline since 1991. In addition to growth in total agricultural production, we also observe significant increases in productivity of both land and labor since 1997. These observations suggest that productivity growth may be attributable...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural productivity; Agricultural growth; Family farms; Corporate farms; Comparative performance; Agrarian reforms; Transition countries; Central Asia; Tajikistan; Uzbekistan; Agricultural and Food Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; P27; P31; P32; Q15; R14.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49312

The Impact of Nonfarm Activities on Agricultural Productivity in Rural China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Ye; Wang,   Chenggang; Pan,   Suwen.
Although evidence abounds that the development of rural non-farm activities have increased rural household income and contributed to rural development, the underlying structure and mechanism of the linkage between agricultural productivity and non-farm activities is poorly understood.  Using a unique panel dataset of Chinese villages, this article examines the mechanism by which non-farm activities influence agricultural productivity.  I find that Chinese villages’ non-farm revenue has a significant positive effect on agricultural land productivity.  Although non-farm activities do withdraw labor out of agriculture and therefore dampen land productivity, that negative effect is negligible in comparison with the land productivity improvement brought by...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural non-farm activities; Labor migration; Agricultural productivity; Infrastructure capital.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Productivity Analysis; O13; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103605