Consulta: subjectFacets:"Attention"
Registros recuperados: 20
Data/hora: 07/06/2024 09:01:48

Getting to the Top of Mind: How Reminders Increase Saving
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karlan,   Dean S.; McConnell,   Margaret; Mullainathan,   Sendhil; Zinman,   Jonathan.
We develop and test a simple model of limited attention in intertemporal choice. The model posits that individuals fully attend to consumption in all periods but fail to attend to some future lumpy expenditure opportunities. This asymmetry generates some predictions that overlap with models of present-bias. Our model also generates the unique predictions that reminders may increase saving, and that reminders will be more effective when they increase the salience of a specific expenditure. We find support for these predictions in three field experiments that randomly assign reminders to new savings account holders.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Intertemporal consumer choice; Savings; Attention; Consumer/Household Economics; Financial Economics; D91; E21.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92001

“TREASURES” OF DEBRECEN SELECTION OF AND ATTENTION TO SPORTS TALENTS IN THE SPORT SCHOOL OF DEBRECEN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Keczelei,   Danica.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Sport; Selecting talents; Attention; Choosing branch of sport; Marketing.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104670

Complex, multifocal, individual-specific attention-related cortical functional circuits
Provedor de dados: 48
Autores: BASILE,LUIS F. H.
Recent studies focusing on the analysis of individual patterns of non-sensory-motor CNS activity may significantly alter our view of CNS functional mapping. We have recently provided evidence for highly variable attention-related Slow Potential (SP) generating cortical areas across individuals (Basile et al., 2003, 2006). In this work, we present new evidence, searching for other physiological indexes of attention by a new use of a well established method, for individual-specific sets of cortical areas active during expecting attention. We applied latency corrected peak averaging to oscillatory bursts, from 124-channel EEG recordings, and modeled their generators by current density reconstruction. We first computed event-related total power, and averaging...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Attention; Cortical electrical activity; High-resolution electroencephalography; Slow potentials; Source localization; Functional mapping.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602007000500007

A neutral cue facilitates detection of a visual target by modulating attention
Provedor de dados: 48
Autores: HAMAME,CARLOS M; DELANO,PAÚL H; ROBLES,LUIS.
Twelve rats were trained to perform a two-choice visual detection task in which a right or left light was presented and the animáis were required to press the lever located under the illuminated light for a food reward. In seventy percent of the triáis the target light was preceded by presentation of a neutral cue (a central light). Relevance of the neutral cue for detection of the target was analyzed by comparing behavioral Índices of attention in its presence and absence. Accuracy was significantly higher in presence than in absence of the neutral cue, while mean response latencies were lower in presence than in absence of the neutral cue. These results indicate that the animáis allocated attentional resources on the target detection during a high...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Alerting effect; Attention; Detection task; Expectancy; Neutral cue; Rat.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602008000400012

Relevance of a neutral cue in a two-choice detection task in the rat
Provedor de dados: 48
Autores: HAMAME,CARLOS M; DELANO,PAUL H; ROBLES,LUIS.
Relevance of a neutral cue for performance in a two-choice visuospatial detection task was examined. Nine rats were trained, 5 with short intertrial interval (ITI) and 4 with long ITI, to detect a target (lateral lights) presented after a neutral-cue (central light). The removal of the neutral-cue decreased accuracy and increased response latencies and omissions. These results demonstrate that a neutral-cue, preceding the target, is relevant for the performance, suggesting that rats are highly expectant during the neutral-cue and reallocate attentional resources during ITI. Furthermore, latencies were higher, omissions were lower and the fall of accuracy was greater for rats with long than with short ITI, which could indicate that the neutral-cue was more...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Attention; Expectancy; Neutral cue; Attentional task; Rat.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602006000200008

Gap effect and reaction time distribution: simple vs choice manual responses
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Machado-Pinheiro,W.; Gawryszewski,L.G.; Ribeiro-do-Valle,L.E.
It is well known that saccadic reaction times (SRT) are reduced when the target is preceded by the offset of the fixation point (FP) - the gap effect. Some authors have proposed that the FP offset also allows the saccadic system to generate a separate population of SRT, the express saccades. Nevertheless, there is no agreement as to whether the gap effect and express responses are also present for manual reaction times (MRT). We tested the gap effect and the MRT distribution in two different conditions, i.e., simple and choice MRT. In the choice MRT condition, subjects need to identify the side of the stimulus and to select the appropriate response, while in the simple MRT these stages are not necessary. We report that the gap effect was present in both...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other
Palavras-chave: Attention; Reaction time; Gap effect; Vision; Express responses.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X1998001000012

The attentional modulation of the flash-lag effect
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Baldo,M.V.C.; Namba,J.
If a dot is flashed in perfect alignment with a pair of dots rotating around the visual fixation point, most observers perceive the rotating dots as being ahead of the flashing dot (flash-lag effect). This perceptual effect has been interpreted to result from the perceptual extrapolation of the moving dots, the differential visual latencies between flashing and moving stimuli, as well as the modulation of attentional mechanisms. Here we attempted to uncouple the attentional effects brought about by the spatial predictability of the flashing dot from the sensory effects dependent on its visual eccentricity. The stimulus was a pair of dots rotating clockwise around the fixation point. Another dot was flashed at either the upper right or the lower left of the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other
Palavras-chave: Attention; Flash-lag effect; Vision; Psychophysics.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2002000800014

Relative contribution of expectancy and immediate arousal to the facilitatory effect of an auditory accessory stimulus
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Del-Fava,F.; Ribeiro-do-Valle,L.E.
An auditory stimulus speeds up a digital response to a subsequent visual stimulus. This facilitatory effect has been related to the expectancy and the immediate arousal that would be caused by the accessory stimulus. The present study examined the relative contribution of these two influences. In a first and a third experiment a simple reaction time task was used. In a second and fourth experiment a go/no-go reaction time task was used. In each of these experiments, the accessory stimulus preceded the target stimulus by 200 ms for one group of male and female volunteers (G Fix). For another group of similar volunteers (G Var) the accessory stimulus preceded the target stimulus by 200 ms in 25% of the trials, by 1000 ms in 25% of the trials and was not...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Priming; Arousal; Alertness; Expectancy; Attention.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2004000800006

The modulation of simple reaction time by the spatial probability of a visual stimulus
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Carreiro,L.R.R.; Haddad Jr.,H.; Baldo,M.V.C.
Simple reaction time (SRT) in response to visual stimuli can be influenced by many stimulus features. The speed and accuracy with which observers respond to a visual stimulus may be improved by prior knowledge about the stimulus location, which can be obtained by manipulating the spatial probability of the stimulus. However, when higher spatial probability is achieved by holding constant the stimulus location throughout successive trials, the resulting improvement in performance can also be due to local sensory facilitation caused by the recurrent spatial location of a visual target (position priming). The main objective of the present investigation was to quantitatively evaluate the modulation of SRT by the spatial probability structure of a visual...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other
Palavras-chave: Simple reaction time; Spatial probability; Vision; Attention.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2003000700011

Latent class analysis of attention and white matter correlation in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Rossi,A.S.U.; Moura,L.M.; Miranda,M.C.; Muszkat,M.; Mello,C.B.; Bueno,O.F.A.
This study aimed to explore attentional patterns among children with inattentive attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD-I) and children with typical development (TD), using a latent class analysis (LCA). Patterns of brain connectivity were also explored. The sample comprised 29 ADHD-I and 29 TD matched children. An LCA was conducted to reclassify subjects according to their attentional performance, considering cognitive measures of attention and behavioral symptoms, regardless of group of origin. The new clusters were then compared in respect to brain white matter measurements (extracted from diffusion tensor imaging). Participants were rearranged in 2 new latent classes, according to their performance in an attention task and the results of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; Attention; White matter; Pattern recognition; Diffusion tensor imaging.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2018001100604

The control of deliberate waiting strategies in a stop-signal task
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Sylwan,R.P.
To inhibit an ongoing flow of thoughts or actions has been largely considered to be a crucial executive function, and the stop-signal paradigm makes inhibitory control measurable. Stop-signal tasks usually combine two concurrent tasks, i.e., manual responses to a primary task (go-task) are occasionally countermanded by a stimulus which signals participants to inhibit their response in that trial (stop-task). Participants are always instructed not to wait for the stop-signal, since waiting strategies cause the response times to be unstable, invalidating the data. The aim of the present study was to experimentally control the strategies of waiting deliberately for the stop-signal in a stop-task by means of an algorithm that measured the variation in the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Attention; Stop-task; Reaction time; Vision; Executive functions; Laterality.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2004000600011

Increased coherence among striatal regions in the theta range during attentive wakefulness
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Lepski,G.; Arévalo,A.; Valle,A.C. do; Ballester,G.; Gharabaghi,A.
The striatum, the largest component of the basal ganglia, is usually subdivided into associative, motor and limbic components. However, the electrophysiological interactions between these three subsystems during behavior remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that the striatum might be particularly active during exploratory behavior, which is presumably associated with increased attention. We investigated the modulation of local field potentials (LFPs) in the striatum during attentive wakefulness in freely moving rats. To this end, we implanted microelectrodes into different parts of the striatum of Wistar rats, as well as into the motor, associative and limbic cortices. We then used electromyograms to identify motor activity and analyzed the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Attention; Behavior; Striatum; Theta rhythm; Partial directed coherence.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2012000800011

Priming effects of a peripheral visual stimulus in simple and go/no-go tasks
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Squella,S.A.F.; Ribeiro-do-Valle,L.E.
The early facilitatory effect of a peripheral spatially visual prime stimulus described in the literature for simple reaction time tasks has been usually smaller than that described for complex (go/no-go, choice) reaction time tasks. In the present study we investigated the reason for this difference. In a first and a second experiment we tested the participants in both a simple task and a go/no-go task, half of them beginning with one of these tasks and half with the other one. We observed that the prime stimulus had an early effect, inhibitory for the simple task and facilitatory for the go/no-go task, when the task was performed first. No early effect appeared when the task was performed second. In a third and a fourth experiment the participants were,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Priming; Attention; Masking; Simple task; Go/no-go task.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2003000200013

Experimental context modulates warning signal effects
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Machado-Pinheiro,W.; Faria Jr.,A.J.P.; Gawryszewski,L.G.; Ribeiro-do-Valle,L.E.
Previous studies have shown that saccadic eye responses but not manual responses were sensitive to the kind of warning signal used, with visual onsets producing longer saccadic latencies compared to visual offsets. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of distinct warning signals on manual latencies and to test the premise that the onset interference, in fact, does not occur for manual responses. A second objective was to determine if the magnitude of the warning effects could be modulated by contextual procedures. Three experimental conditions based on the kind of warning signal used (visual onset, visual offset and auditory warning) were run in two different contexts (blocked and non-blocked). Eighteen participants were asked to...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other
Palavras-chave: Reaction times; Attention; Distractor; Preparation; Expectancy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2004000700016

Control of attention by a peripheral visual cue depends on whether the target is difficult to discriminate
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Macea,D.D.; Abbud,G.A.C.; Lopes-de-Oliveira,M.L.; Fuga,N.B.; Ribeiro-do-Valle,L.E.
The influence of a peripheral cue represented by a gray ring on responsivity to a subsequent target varies. When a vertical line inside a ring was a go target and a white small ring inside a ring was a no-go target, reaction time was shorter at the same location relative to a different location. However, no reaction time difference between the two locations occurred when a white cross inside the ring, instead of the white vertical line inside the ring, was the go target. We investigated whether this last finding was due to a forward masking influence of the cue, a requirement of low attention for the discrimination or a lack of attention mobilization by the cue. In Experiment 1, the intensity of the cue was reduced in an attempt to reduce forward masking....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Attention; Cue; Discriminability; Strategy; Masking.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2006000700014

Modulation of the perception of temporal order by attentional and pre-attentional factors
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Haddad Jr.,H.; Carreiro,L.R.R.; Baldo,M.V.C.
When two stimuli are presented simultaneously to an observer, the perceived temporal order does not always correspond to the actual one. In three experiments we examined how the location and spatial predictability of visual stimuli modulate the perception of temporal order. Thirty-two participants had to report the temporal order of appearance of two visual stimuli. In Experiment 1, both stimuli were presented at the same eccentricity and no perceptual asynchrony between them was found. In Experiment 2, one stimulus was presented close to the fixation point and the other, peripheral, stimulus was presented in separate blocks in two eccentricities (4.8º and 9.6º). We found that the peripheral stimulus was perceived to be delayed in relation to the central...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other
Palavras-chave: Temporal order judgment; Attention; Visual perception; Psychophysics.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2002000800016

Development and applications of the SWAN rating scale for assessment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a literature review
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Brites,C.; Salgado-Azoni,C.A.; Ferreira,T.L.; Lima,R.F.; Ciasca,S.M.
This study reviewed the use of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity-symptoms and Normal-behaviors (SWAN) rating scale in diagnostic and evolutive approaches to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and in correlational studies of the disorder. A review of articles published in indexed journals from electronic databases was conducted and 61 articles on the SWAN scale were analyzed. From these, 27 were selected to a) examine use of SWAN in research on attention disorders and b) verify evidence of its usefulness in the areas of genetics, neuropsychology, diagnostics, psychiatric comorbidities, neuroimaging, pharmacotherapy, and to examine its statistical reliability and validity in studies of diverse populations. This...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: SWAN rating scale; Behavioral scale; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Neuropsychology; Hyperactivity.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2015001100965

Looking for the GAP effect in manual responses and the role of contextual influences in reaction time experiments
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Faria Jr.,A.J.P.; Machado-Pinheiro,W.
When the offset of a visual stimulus (GAP condition) precedes the onset of a target, saccadic reaction times are reduced in relation to the condition with no offset (overlap condition) - the GAP effect. However, the existence of the GAP effect for manual responses is still controversial. In two experiments using both simple (Experiment 1, N = 18) and choice key-press procedures (Experiment 2, N = 12), we looked for the GAP effect in manual responses and investigated possible contextual influences on it. Participants were asked to respond to the imperative stimulus that would occur under different experimental contexts, created by varying the array of warning-stimulus intervals (0, 300 and 1000 ms) and conditions (GAP and overlap): i) intervals and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Reaction times; Attention; Preparation; Expectancy; Contextual influences.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2004000800007

Attention in schizophrenia and in epileptic psychosis
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Kairalla,I.C.J; Mattos,P.E.L; Hoexter,M.Q; Bressan,R.A; Mari,J.J; Shirakawa,I.
The adaptive behavior of human beings is usually supported by rapid monitoring of outstanding events in the environment. Some investigators have suggested that a primary attention deficit might trigger symptoms of schizophrenia. In addition, researchers have long discussed the relationship between schizophrenia and the schizophrenia-like psychosis of epilepsy (SLPE). On the basis of these considerations, the objective of the present study was to investigate attention performance of patients with both disorders. Patient age was 18 to 60 years, and all patients had received formal schooling for at least four years. Patients were excluded if they had any systemic disease with neurologic or psychiatric comorbidity, or a history of brain surgery. The...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Attention; Schizophrenia; Psychotic disorders; Epilepsy; Neuropsychology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2008000100010

The early facilitatory effect of a peripheral spatially noninformative prime stimulus depends on target stimulus features
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Azevedo,E.L.; Squella,S.A.F.; Ribeiro-do-Valle,L.E.
We investigated the dependency of the early facilitatory effect of a prime stimulus (S1) on the physical characteristics of the target stimulus (S2). A go-no go reaction time paradigm was used. The S1 was a gray ring and the S2s were a white vertical line, a white horizontal line, a white cross and a white small ring, all inside a white ring with the same dimensions as the S1. S1 onset-S2 onset asynchrony was 100 ms. The stimuli appeared randomly in any one of the quadrants of a monitor screen. The S2 could occur at the same position as the S1 or at a different one. We observed a strong facilitatory effect when the vertical line or the horizontal line was the go stimulus and no effect when the cross was the go stimulus. These results show that the features...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Priming; Attention; Forward masking; Vision; Reaction time.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2001000600017