Consulta: subjectFacets:"Baselines"
Registros recuperados: 7
Data/hora: 01/06/2024 12:06:40

Beyond Baselines: Rethinking Priorities for Ocean Conservation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Campbell, Lisa M; Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University; lisa.m.campbell@duke.edu; Gray, Noella J; Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University; noella.gray@duke.edu; Hazen, Elliott L; Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University; elliot.hazen@duke.edu; Shackeroff, Janna M; Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University; janna.shackeroff@duke.edu.
In 1995, Daniel Pauly identified a "shifting baselines syndrome" (SBS). Pauly was concerned that scientists measure ecosystem change against their personal recollections of the past and, based on this decidedly short-term view, mismanage fish stocks because they tolerate gradual and incremental elimination of species and set inappropriate recovery goals. As a concept, SBS is simple to grasp and its logic is compelling. Much current work in marine historical ecology is rationalized in part as a means of combating SBS, and the term has also resonated outside of the academy with environmental advocacy groups. Although we recognize both conceptual and operational merit in SBS, we believe that the ultimate impact of SBS on ocean management will be limited by...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Baselines; Human&amp;#8211; Environment relations; Interdisciplinary research; Marine historical ecology.
Ano: 2009

Global baselines and benchmarks for fish biomass: comparing remote reefs and fisheries closures
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Mcclanahan, Tim R.; Schroeder, Robert E.; Friedlander, Alan M.; Vigliola, Laurent; Wantiez, Laurent; Caselle, Jennifer E.; Graham, Nicholas A. J.; Wilson, Shaun; Edgar, Graham J.; Stuart-smith, Rick D.; Oddenyo, Remy M.; Cinner, J. E.
Baselines and benchmarks (B&amp;Bs) are needed to evaluate the ecological status and fisheries potential of coral reefs. B&amp;Bs may depend on habitat features and energetic limitations that constrain biomass within the natural variability of the environment and fish behaviors. To evaluate if broad B&amp;Bs exist, we compiled data on the biomass of fishes in similar to 1000 reefs with no recent history of fishing in 19 ecoregions. These reefs spanned the full longitude and latitude of Indian and Pacific Ocean reefs and included older high-compliance fisheries closures (&gt;15 yr closure) and remote reef areas (&gt;9 h travel time from fisheries markets). There was no significant change in biomass over the 15 to 48 yr closure period but closures had only...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Baselines; Coral reef fish; Fisheries and ecological indicators; Pristine or virgin biomass; Sustainability.
Ano: 2019
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00589/70064/68028.pdf

Assessing the environmental status of selected North Atlantic deep-sea ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Kazanidis, Georgios; Orejas, Covadonga; Borja, Angel; Kenchington, Ellen; Henry, Lea-anne; Callery, Oisín; Carreiro-silva, Marina; Egilsdottir, Hronn; Giacomello, Eva; Grehan, Anthony; Menot, Lenaick; Morato, Telmo; Ragnarsson, Stefán Áki; Rueda, José Luis; Stirling, David; Stratmann, Tanja; Van Oevelen, Dick; Palialexis, Andreas; Johnson, David; Roberts, J Murray.
The deep sea is the largest biome on Earth but the least explored. Our knowledge of it comes from scattered sources spanning different spatial and temporal scales. Implementation of marine policies like the European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) and support for Blue Growth in the deep sea are therefore hindered by lack of data. Integrated assessments of environmental status require tools to work with different and disaggregated datasets (e.g. density of deep-sea habitat-forming species, body-size distribution of commercial fishes, intensity of bottom trawling) across spatial and temporal scales. A feasibility study was conducted as part of the four-year ATLAS project to assess the effectiveness of the open-access Nested Environmental...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Deep-sea environmental status; Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems; Indicators; Baselines; Marine Strategy Framework Directive; NEAT.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00651/76276/77241.pdf

Project-Based Mechanisms for Emissions Reductions: Balancing Trade-offs with Baselines
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Carolyn.
Project-based mechanisms for emissions reductions credits, like the Clean Development Mechanism, pose important challenges for policy design because of several inherent characteristics. Participation is voluntary, so it will not occur without sufficient credits. Evaluating reductions requires assigning an emissions baseline for a counterfactual that cannot be measured. Some investments have both economic and environmental benefits and might occur anyway. Uncertainty surrounds both emissions and investment returns, and parties to the project are likely to have more information than the certifying authority. The certifying agent is limited in its ability to design a contract that would reveal investment intentions. As a result, rules for benchmarking...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Clean Development Mechanism; Baselines; Asymmetric information; Offsets; Emissions reduction; Tradable emissions permits; Environmental Economics and Policy; D8; Q4.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10836

Baseline Determination at Government Discretion: Multi-Project Baselines for the First Track of Joint Implementation?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michaelowa,   Axel; Schmitz,   Simon.
The "first track" of Joint Implementation under the Kyoto Protocol gives host and investor countries total freedom in choosing a baseline for a project reducing or sequestering greenhouse gases. This is due to the fact that an overly generous granting of emission credits leads to a corresponding reduction of the host country's emission budget. Standardised, multi-project baselines can reduce transaction costs, especially in relatively homogeneous sectors such as electricity production or landfill methane collection. Host countries need capacity to calculate such baselines which currently does not exist. "Boundary organisations" can bridge the gap between technical analysis and strategic considerations. Interviews with government officials and other...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Joint Implementation; Baselines; Institutions; Host countries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; O13.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26173

Tree-crop interactions and their environmental and economic implications in the presence of carbon-sequestration payments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wise,   Russell M.; Cacho,   Oscar J.
Growing trees with crops has environmental and economic implications. Trees can help prevent land degradation and increase biodiversity while at the same time allow for the continued use of the land to produce agricultural crops. In fact, growing trees alongside crops is known to improve both the productivity and sustainability of the land. However, due to high labour-input requirements, high costs of establishment, and delayed revenue returns, trees are often not economically attractive to landholders. Because of the Kyoto Protocol, and the growing emphasis on market-based solutions to environmental problems, the ability of trees to sequester and store CO2 has altered the economic landscape of agroforestry systems. The economic and management implications...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agroforestry; Bioeconomics; Tree/crop interactions; Carbon credits; Baselines; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58271

Biodiversity of Holocene marine fish of the southeast coast of Brazil
Provedor de dados: 49
Autores: Mendes,Augusto Barros; Duarte,Michelle Rezende; Silva,Edson Pereira.
Abstract Middens are archaeological sites dating between 8,000 and 1,000 years before present and are commonly found on the Brazilian coast. Data were collected from 68 middens allowing an inventory of 142 fish species, most of them recorded in no more than five sites. Conversely, Micropogonias furnieri and Pogonias cromis had the highest frequencies of occurrence. The biogeographic, ecological and economic data showed that most of the identified fish are widely distributed in the Western Atlantic (59.72%) and inhabit estuarine environments (53.99%), while most species have a demersal habit (35.92%) and exhibit oceanic migratory behaviour (28.87%). Lastly, the surveyed fish are predominantly carnivorous (72.54%) with some commercial value (96.48%)....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Baselines; Fishermen-Gatherers-Hunters; Ichthyofauna; Middens; Species richness; Zooarchaeology.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1676-06032018000100301