Consulta: subjectFacets:"C21"
Registros recuperados: 96
Data/hora: 11/06/2024 19:06:52

Marginal Productivity Analysis of Global Inter-sectoral Water Demand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Strzepek,   Kenneth M.; Juana,   James S.; Kirsten,   Johann F.
There is growing evidence that freshwater availability is declining, while competition among sectors for the withdrawal of this scarce resource is rapidly increasing,(Rosegrant et a, 2002). Therefore, the need to promote inter-sectoral water use efficiency from the demand-side management has necessitated a study to investigate the responsiveness of different productive sectors and sub-sectors to water prices. Extracting data from the GTAP and UNIDO databases and adopting the marginal productive approach by Wang and Lall (2002),and using the two-stage-least squares method, the translog production function is estimated, from which the output and price elasticities and the marginal value of water is computed for thirteen sectors. The results indicate that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C21; C8; L6; L7; Q25.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25748

Environmental Targets and Shadow Prices of Bad Outputs in Organic and Conventional Farming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huhtala,   Anni; Marklund,   Per-Olov.
We present a framework for deriving shadow prices for negative environmental impacts regulated in agriculture. The shadow prices can be used as indicators of the costs of environmental regulation imposed as reflected in alternative farming technologies adopted. We illustrate our analytical findings with implications of the Finnish water protection policy measures on conventional and organic livestock farms over the period 1994-2002. Generally, the representative organic farm is found to be more technically efficient relative to its own technology than is the conventional representative farm. However, there is no statistical indication of a difference between these two particular representative farms in valuing the costs of undesirable output (manure) at...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental performance; Technology choices; Nutrient surplus; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; C21; Q12; Q21.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24575

Expert Opinion versus Transaction Evidence: Using the Reilly Index to Measure Open Space Premiums in the Urban-Rural Fringe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cotteleer,   Geerte; Stobbe,   Tracy; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Due to economic and population growth farmland and to a lesser extend other undeveloped areas are under pressure in the urban-rural fringe in British Columbia, Canada. The objectives of this paper are to determine if residential property values near Victoria, BC include open-space premiums for farmland, parks or golf courses, and to determine if using assessed values instead of market prices of the property result in the same findings. We estimate a Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) model with two hedonic pricing equations, one with actual market values as the dependent variable and one with assessed property values, and compare the resulting estimates of shadow prices for open space amenities. Furthermore, we take account of spatial autocorrelation and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Hedonic pricing models; Spatial dependence; Assessed property values; Open space; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Land Economics/Use; R14; R52; C21; Q20; H23.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37085

Valoração de atributos de qualidade em pêssegos comercializados no estado de São Paulo
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lima,   Lilian Maluf de; Caixeta Filho,   Jose Vicente; Kassouf,   Ana Lucia; Amorim,   Lilian.
Econometric models were developed to estimate the implicit prices for selected quality attributes of fresh peaches commercialized in the state of Sao Paulo. Such estimation is conducted in two stages of the distribution chain, namely, wholesale and retail sales. Data on the price and quality attributes (such as color, size, varieties and types of damages) of fresh peaches were obtained from cross-sectional data in different time periods. The estimation of Hedonic Prices is proposed as a method to evaluate post-harvest price variations from wholesale to retail sales. The results obtained allowed us to identify the gains accrued in each stage, deriving from the improvement in the product quality attributes.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Peach; Hedonic price; Evaluation; Quality; Post-harvest; Losses.; Consumer/Household Economics; Q13; C21.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60809

Teaching with Technology to Engage Students and Enhance Learning
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lass,   Daniel A.; Morzuch,   Bernard J.; Rogers,   Richard T.
Teaching technology effects on student learning in a large lecture introductory statistics course were tested. Findings show in-class personal response systems and on-line homework/quizzes significantly improve student exam scores. We infer proven small class techniques, participating in class and doing homework via technologies, can restore sound pedagogy in larger classes. The experiment was conducted using just one class, but factors usually unaccounted for in assessment research were controlled, especially the instructor and other materials. The technologies investigated here can provide learning benefits to students even in larger courses often criticized for their inability to provide students quality learning experiences.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Teaching; Technology; Statistics; Active learning; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; A22; C9; C21; I21.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14509

Relationship between Trade Liberalisation, Growth and Balance of Payments in Developing Countries: An Econometric Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parikh,   Ashok.
The objectives of this paper are to study the impact of liberalisation on trade deficits and current accounts of developing countries. It is expected that trade liberalisation would promote economic growth from the supply side by leading to a more efficient use of resources, by encouraging competition, and by increasing the flow of ideas and knowledge across national boundaries. Trade liberalisation could lead to faster import growth than export growth and hence the supply side benefits may be offset by the unsustainable balance of payments position. This study uses panel data of 42 countries (both time-series and cross-section dimension) to estimate the effect of trade liberalisation and growth on trade balance while controlling for other factors such as...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Panel data; Income Terms of Trade; Dynamic Optimisation; Dynamic panel model; International Relations/Trade; C21; C22; C23; F13; F14; F32.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26212

West Virginia Farm Direct Marketing: A County Level Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brown,   Cheryl; Gandee,   Jesse E.; D'Souza,   Gerard E.
To understand the factors that influence farm direct marketing, a linear regression model is estimated to test the relationships between county-level direct market sales and socioeconomic, agricultural production, and location characteristics for West Virginia. The results show that higher median housing value, increased population density, a younger population, a greater number of direct market farms, more diversity of fruit and vegetable production and closer proximity to Washington, D.C., increase direct market sales. The results have implications for other states with a large proportion of small and part-time farmers, many of whom are located in close proximity to metropolitan areas.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Direct market sales; Direct marketing; Farm sales; Farmers' market; Marketing; Q13; C21.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43778

The Impact of Social Capital on Economic Performance of Agricultural Producers in the Czech Republic
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wolz,   Axel; Fritzsch,   Jana; Pencakova,   Jitka.
In the Czech Republic, agricultural production is still dominated by corporate farms. Private farms have been established since the change of the political regime, but their role is not that relevant as originally anticipated. Among both groups, some have been economically more successful than others. In general, a varying adoption of pr oduction factors is identified as being of influence. Whether their ability to collaborate with other farms is an additional factor which has been discussed under the concept of social capital since quite some time will be analyzed in this paper. Based on the findings of a survey among a sample of 62 farms by adopting factor and multiple regression analysis it can be deduced that social capital is indeed a significant...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Corporate farms; Private farms; Social capital; Cross sectional models; Czech Republic; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; C21; P0; Q12; Z13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25767

Whether crop diversification is a desired strategy for agricultural growth in Bangladesh
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rahman,   Sanzidur.
This study aimed at examining the merit of crop diversification as a strategy for agricultural growth in Bangladesh. Specifically, the existence of economies of diversification, scale economies and diversification efficiencies at the farm level were examined using a stochastic input-distance function approach. Results reveal strong evidence of diversification economies amongst most crop enterprises except the combination of modern rice and modern wheat enterprises. Ray economies of scale exist in Bangladeshi cropping system. Also, significant efficiency gains were made from diversification among cropping enterprises. The key policy implication is that crop diversification should be a desired strategy for agricultural growth in Bangladesh. Development of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Diversification economies; Diversification efficiencies; Stochastic input distance function; Crop diversification; Bangladesh; O33; Q18; C21.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36867

Technical Efficiency and Adoption of Soil Conservation in El Salvador and Honduras
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Solis,   Daniel; Bravo-Ureta,   Boris E.; Quiroga,   Ricardo E.
A household-level switching regression model is implemented to examine potential selectivity bias for rural households under high and low levels of investments in soil conservation in El Salvador and Honduras. In the presence of selectivity bias, separate stochastic production frontiers are estimated for low and high adopters. The main results indicate that households with higher levels of investments in soil conservation show higher average TE than those with a lower level of investments. Constrains in the rural land and credit markets are likely explanations for these differences. The results also indicate that for farms with lower levels of investments in soil conservation access to credit is a significant factor explaining the sources of inefficiency....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Stochastic Frontiers; Technical Efficiency; Switching Regression; Central America; Soil Conservation; Land Economics/Use; D24; Q12; O13; C21.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25784

Land Use Change: A Spatial Multinomial Choice Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carrion-Flores,   Carmen E.; Flores-Lagunes,   Alfonso; Guci,   Ledia.
Urban decentralization and dispersion trends have led to increased conversion of rural lands in many urban peripheries and exurban regions of the U.S. The growth of the exurban areas has outpaced growth in urban and suburban areas, resulting in growth pressures at the urban-rural fringe. A thorough analysis of land use change patterns and the ability to predict these changes are necessary for the effective design of regional environmental, growth, and development policies. We estimate a multinomial discrete choice model with spatial dependence using parcel-level data from Medina County, Ohio. Accounting for spatial dependence should result in improved statistical inference about land use changes. Our spatial model extends the binary choice “linearized...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land Use Change; Multinomial Logit; Spatial Dependence; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; R14; C21; C25.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49403

Price Elasticities of Demand for Food Away From Home (FAFH)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Levedahl,   J. William.
Using a procedure by Deaton (1990) and data from a cross-sectional survey by CREST price elasticities of demand for three types of FAFH facilities are computed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Price Elasticity of Demand; Food Away from Home; Cross-sectional data; Demand and Price Analysis; D12; C21.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103243

Spatial Price Competition in the Non-Alcoholic Beverage Industry in the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dharmasena,   Senarath; Capps,   Oral, Jr.
this is a poster
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Non-alcoholic beverages; Spatial price competition; Nielsen data; Demand and Price Analysis; Industrial Organization; Marketing; C21; D11; L11.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124255

India Edible Oil Consumption: A Censored Incomplete Demand Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pan,   Suwen; Mohanty,   Samarendu; Welch,   Mark.
A Censored Incomplete Demand System is applied to household expenditures for edible oil in India. The results show that edible peanut oil is still a luxury good in India, whereas expenditure elasticities for other edible oils are relatively low. The food habit, location, education of household heads, and other demographic variables have significant effects on the choice of edible oils.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Censored Incomplete Demand System; India edible oil; Unit value; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; Production Economics; C21; D1; Q11.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47261

Meat Slaughter and Processing Plants’ Traceability Levels: Evidence From Iowa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bulut,   Harun; Lawrence,   John D.
Based on an econometric analysis of the data obtained from a survey of meat plants ( ) in Iowa in summer 2007, this paper identifies the factors impacting the meat plants’ voluntary adoption of forward and backward traceability activities. The results suggest that the ownership type (corporate versus independent) and operations type (slaughtering versus not) matter rather than the size and meat type produced (beef, pork, or poultry) as suggested in the previous surveys. Furthermore, food safety activities appear to be complementary to traceability activities. The findings may assist ongoing regulatory efforts in implementing traceability in U.S. in the near future.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Country of origin labeling; Food safety; Multiple imputation method; National animal identification system; Ordered logistic regression; Quality assurances; Traceability; Agribusiness; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Livestock Production/Industries; Q13; Q18; C21; C35.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6135

Parametric and Non-Parametric Estimation of Soil Conservation Impact on Productivity in the Northwestern Ethiopian Highlands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kassie,   Menale; Holden,   Stein T.
The impact of fanya juu bunds on productivity in a high rainfall area in the Ethiopian highlands is analyzed based on data from a cross section household survey with multiple plot observations per household. The results from parametric and non-parametric analysis indicated that productivity from conserved plots was lower than from non-conserved plots. The Oaxaca-Blinder productivity decomposition results showed that there was little difference in plot characteristics between conserved and non-conserved plots, however the returns to those characteristics were higher for non-conserved plots. The sensitivity analysis, increasing fodder grass production on bunds, suggests that there are possibilities to make conserved plots as productive as non-conserved ones....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Yield decomposition; Soil conservation; Switching regression; Stochastic dominance analysis; Matching methods; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; C21; C23; Q12; Q15; Q16.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25281

A Unified Approach to the Estimation of Demand for Improved Seed in Developing Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Langyintuo,   Augustine S.; Hamazakaza,   Petan; Nawale,   Edah; Mekuria,   Mulugetta.
This paper proposes a new approach for estimating the demand for seed within a developing country context where only improved seeds are sold but adoption rates for improved varieties low. A farmer views an improved seed firstly as a derived input embodying production attributes and secondly, as a technology embodying consumption characteristics. He therefore jointly decides on its adoption and the quantity of seed required to plant a predetermined area. Drawing on the theory of demand for consumption goods characteristics and production input attributes, this paper specified and estimated non-separable household demand and consumption models using data collected from 300 farm households in Zambia during the 2003/04 crop season. The estimated results...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural household model; Consumer goods characteristics; Production inputs; Technology attributes; Non-separability; Censored equations; Zambia; Crop Production/Industries; C21; D1; O3; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25332

VALORAÇÃO DE ATRIBUTOS DE QUALIDADE EM PÊSSEGOS PRODUZIDOS NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO UTILIZANDO MODELO DE PREÇOS HEDÔNICOS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lima,   Lilian Maluf de; Caixeta Filho,   Jose Vicente; Kassouf,   Ana Lucia.
Neste estudo foi desenvolvido um modelo para estimativas de preços implícitos de alguns atributos de qualidade em pêssegos comercializados no estado de São Paulo, a partir do elo produtor da cadeia. Os dados referentes aos preços de venda de pêssegos e às características de qualidade dos frutos (como tamanho, tipos de variedade e categoria) foram obtidos a partir de cortes seccionais no tempo. O Modelo de Preços Hedônicos foi proposto para valoração das características ao longo do elo considerado. Os resultados obtidos permitiram identificar potenciais ganhos na cadeia a partir do aprimoramento de atributos de qualidade dessa fruta.-------------------An econometric model were developed to estimate the implicit prices for selected quality attributes of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Êssego; Preços hedônicos; Valoração; Qualidade; Perdas; Peach; Hedonic price; Evaluation; Quality; Losses; Crop Production/Industries; Q13; C21.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108138

Using Rural Household Income Survey Data to Inform Poverty Analysis: An Example from Mozambique
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Walker,   Thomas S.; Boughton,   Duncan; Tschirley,   David L.; Pitoro,   Raul; Tomo,   Alda.
This paper demonstrates that income survey data can be very informative in explaining the variation across households in the incidence and severity of absolute poverty using a rural household income data set for Mozambique. Results from regression analysis of the sources of variation are used to simulate the impact of alternative agricultural interventions or strategies on rural poverty. Complementarities in the insights gained from consumption expenditure and income surveys may justify the collection and analysis of both types of information, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, the one region of the world where the incidence of poverty is increasing.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty analysis; Household income surveys; Agricultural development; Millenium Development Goals; Mozambique; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty; C21; I3; O13; O2; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25676

A SPATIAL ECONOMETRIC STAR MODEL WITH AN APPLICATION TO U.S. COUNTY ECONOMIC GROWTH, 1969–2003
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pede,   Valerien O.; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.; Holt,   Matthew T.
Spatial regression models incorporating non-stationarity in the regression coefficients are popular. We propose a spatial variant of the Smooth Transition AutoRegressive (STAR) model that is more parsimonious than commonly used approaches and endogenously determines the extent of spatial parameter variation. Uncomplicated estimation and inference procedures are demonstrated using a neoclassical convergence model for United States counties.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Spatial autoregression; Smooth transition; Spatial econometrics; STAR; GWR; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital; Political Economy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C21; C51; R11; R12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48117

Spatial Dependence of Regional Unemployment in the European Union
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Niebuhr,   Annekatrin.
The findings of recent studies on adjustment processes suggest that regional labour markets in the EU and the US differ significantly. Low wage flexibility and limited labour mobility in European countries involve persistent unemployment differentials across regions. However, the spatial dimension of regional labour market problems is largely neglected in the corresponding analyses. In contrast, the present paper focuses on the spatial structure of regional unemployment disparities. Regions are tightly linked by migration, commuting and interregional trade. These types of spatial interaction are exposed to frictional effects of distance, possibly causing spatial dependence of regional labour market conditions. Spatial association of regional unemployment...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Regional unemployment; Spatial interaction; Spatial econometrics; Europe; Labor and Human Capital; C21; E24; R12.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26147

Willingness to Pay for Irradiated Meat Products: A Comparison between Poultry and Pork
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huang,   Chung L.; Wolfe,   Kent; McKissick,   John C.
Food processors are interested not only to increase the safety of their products but also to reduce losses associated with foodborne illness problems. Irradiating food products provides one means of addressing the foodborne illness issue by significantly reducing the presence of foodborne bacteria and diseases. The objective of the study is to develop an empirical model to estimate the likelihood of consumers purchasing irradiated food products and their willingness to pay for irradiated poultry and pork products within a two-step decision-making process. The decision-making framework assumes that consumers decide first whether or not to buy irradiated foods. If so, the consumer then decides specifically how much that they are willing to pay. Thus, a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food safety; Irradiation; Probit; Double-bounded bidding; Socio-demographics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Livestock Production/Industries; D1; C21.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25416

Geographical Distribution of Crime in Italian Provinces: A Spatial Econometric Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cracolici,   Maria Francesca; Uberti,   Teodora Erika.
For a long time social sciences scholars from different fields have devoted their attention to identifying the causes leading to commit criminal offences and recently lots of studies have included the analysis of spatial effects. Respect to the Italian crime phenomenon some stylized facts exist: high spatial and time variability and presence of “organised crime” (e.g. Mafia and Camorra) deep-seated in some local territorial areas. Using explanatory spatial data analysis, the paper firstly explores the spatial structure and distribution of four different typologies of crimes (murders, thefts, frauds, and squeezes) in Italian provinces in two years, 1999 and 2003. ESDA allows us to detect some important geographical dimensions and to distinguish crucial...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crime; Spatial Econometrics; Labor and Human Capital; C21; K42.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6381

The Economic Growth Impacts of Sugarcane Expansion In Brazil: An Inter-Regional Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deuss,   Annelies.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Brazil; Sugarcane expansion; Economic growth; Propensity score; Ethanol; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C14; C21; O13; R13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103564

Economic techniques to estimate the demand for sustainable products: a case study for fair trade and organic coffee in the United Kingdom
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Galarraga,   Ibon; Markandya,   Anil.
The hedonic approach is used in this paper to estimate how much is paid for the fair trade/organic characteristic of the coffee in the British market. This information is later combined with the Quantity Based Demand System (QBDS) model -developed by the authors- and the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) (Deaton and Muellbauer, 1980) to completely determine the demand function for different coffees. The QBDS model is easier to handle and less data demanding than the AIDS model in this study.  Resumen El presente artículo se basa en la utilización del método hedónico para la estimación de la cantidad que se paga por la característica de "Orgánico/Comercio Justo" del café en el mercado británico. La información obtenida se combina después con el modelo...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Demand systems; Hedonic method; Coffee demand; Labelling; C13; C21; D12.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28732

Spatial Competition and Market Power in Banking
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richards,   Timothy J.; Acharya,   Ram N.; Kagan,   Albert.
Banks in non-metropolitan areas compete in a spatially-differentiated environment. Particularly with the advent of electronic banking services, however, there is some question as to how much market power is conferred by spatial separation from rivals. This paper estimates a structural model of the supply and demand of banking services in which pricing power is allowed to depend explicitly on the distance between rival banks. A spatial autoregressive econometric model shows that approximately 38.0% of economic surplus earned by firms in non-metropolitan banking in the upper midwest is due to spatial market power.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Banking; Market power; Non-metropolitan markets; Spatial econometrics; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Financial Economics; C21; D43; G21; L13.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6566

Strategic Interaction and Spatial Multiplier Effects in Local Growth Control Policies: The California Housing Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Waldorf,   Brigitte S.; Byun,   Pillsung; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.
Since the 1970s, growth controls spread across many metropolitan regions in the United States. Several studies address the effects of local growth controls on housing markets, particularly its price effect, which is induced by rising construction cost, constrained housing supply, improved amenities, and market reorientation of homebuilders. However, only few studies explicitly address inter-jurisdictional spatial spillovers and strategic interaction of policy-makers of different jurisdictions in the design of growth control policies. This study focuses on two housing market outcomes, supply of new housing and market orientation, and utilizes a spatial econometric framework to systematically investigate local and global spatial spillovers giving rise to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Spatial spillovers; Growth controls; Housing supply; Market orientation; Public Economics; C21; H23; H73; R31.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19574

Analysis of Technical Efficiency and Varietal Differences in Pistachio Production in Iran Using a Meta-Frontier Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boshrabadi,   Hossain Mehrabi; Villano,   Renato A.; Fleming,   Euan M.
This paper reports on an analysis of technical efficiency and varietal differences in pistachio production in Iran. A random sample of 475 farmers was selected from the province of Kerman in 2003 and 2004. In this study, farmers are classified into three groups according to the variety of tree they planted. The three main varieties of pistachio trees planted are Kalleh- Ghuchi, Fandoghi and Akbari. The technical efficiency indices are computed using three approaches. First, a standard stochastic production frontier was employed using pooled data. Secondly, stochastic frontier production functions were estimated for each variety (separately). Lastly, the meta-frontier approach was used because production varieties and technologies are expected to differ...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pistachio; Stochastic meta-frontier; Production function; Technical efficiency; Iranian agriculture; Productivity Analysis; C21; Q12; Q16; Q55; R58.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10425

El índice CONEAT como medida de productividad y valor de la tierra.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lanfranco,   Bruno A.; Sapriza,   Gonzalo.
El objetivo de la presente investigación es cuantificar el impacto del índice de productividad CONEAT sobre los precios pagados por los inmuebles rurales en el Uruguay. El índice CONEAT intenta expresar la relación entre la capacidad de producción de un predio, medida en términos de carne y lana, y las unidades de suelo que lo componen. La ventaja de su uso radica en su fácil comprensión por parte de los agentes. La principal crítica es que utiliza exclusivamente parámetros de producción ganadera que hacen cuestionable su uso cuando se comparan inmuebles con otras aptitudes productivas. Sin embargo, aun se lo utiliza frecuentemente para tasar inmuebles rurales o comparar productividad entre inmuebles. Para estimar el valor monetario implícito que los...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Hedonic prices; Product differentiation; Land productivity; Demand and Price Analysis; Land Economics/Use; C21; Q24.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121684

Dynamic Changes in Dairy Technologies Uptake in the Kenya Highlands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baltenweck,   Isabelle; Yamano,   Takashi; Staal,   Steven J.
A number of African countries experienced since the mid 1980s a process of market liberalization that was expected to increase smallholders' access to inputs and outputs markets through the entry of private players. The effect on production, through uptake of improved technologies is however unclear. This paper aims at better understanding the dynamics of dairy technology uptake using a rich dataset of 874 households surveyed at two points of time. Using panel data enables to show the importance of differentiating 'permanent adopters' and 'temporary adopters'. Farmers with large land holdings are those who are able to have improved cattle at the two points of time, while those with smaller land size may not be able to maintain their animals on farm, either...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C21; D1; O3; Q12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25571

A Hedonic Analysis of Cattle Prices in the Central Corridor of West Africa: Implications for Production and Marketing Decisions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Williams,   Timothy O.; Okike,   Iheanacho; Spycher,   Ben.
Detailed weekly sales transactions data for the period January 2000-June 2001 from three frontier markets in the central corridor of West Africa were analyzed to identify the factors influencing short-run, intra-year cattle prices. The empirical results indicate that in addition to market location and seasonality of supply and sales, market participants show systemic preferences for specific cattle attributes (sex, weight, condition and finish) and are willing to pay premium prices consistent with their preferences. Communicating this information to producers can assist them to tailor their production and marketing decisions to meet market expectations and thereby improve their competitiveness, profitability and intra-regional livestock trade. Innovative...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Livestock markets; Hedonic price model; Market information; West Africa; Livestock Production/Industries; C21; D4; Q13; Q17.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25423

Growth and Technological Leadership in US Industries: A  Spatial Econometric Analysis at the State Level, 1963–-1997
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pede,   Valerien O.; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.; de Groot,   Henri L.F.
For several decades, cross-country analyses have dominated the literature on economic growth. Recently, these analyses have been extended to include sectoral variation as well as spatial variation across sub-national regions. This paper investigates economic growth and potential determinants of the process of catch-up to technology leaders for several economic sectors, using data for the lower 48 US states from 1963 through 1997. We analyze the potential influence of factors such as human capital, and geographical distance to the technology leader. A spatially explicit growth model in which technological progress is endogenously determined is used to model productivity growth in nine US industries, ranging from mining to government, and including a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Regional economic growth; Convergence; Industry level; Technological leadership; Spatial econometrics; Industrial Organization; C21; I23; O33; R12.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9691

Evaluating the CAP Reform as a multiple treatment effect: evidence from Italian farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Esposti,   Roberto.
Replaced with revised version of paper 03/03/11.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Common Agricultural Policy; Farm Production; Treatment Effects; Propensity Score Matching; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q18; Q12; C21; O13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100216

Raumliche Wachstumszusammenhange - Empirische Befunde Fur Deutschland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Niebuhr,   Annekatrin.
Die vorliegende Studie beschäftigt sich mit Wachstumsabhängigkeiten zwischen räumlich benachbarten Gebieten in Westdeutschland im Zeitraum von 1976 bis 1996. Die Hypothese für derartige Wachstumsabhängigkeiten leitet sich aus der räumlichen Dimension von Mechanismen ab, denen ein wesentlicher Einfluss auf die regionale Entwicklung beizumessen ist - wie etwa der Faktormobilität oder technologischen Spill-Over-Effekten. Die empirische Analyse westdeutscher Regionen weist auf eine erhebliche Bedeutung distanzabhängiger Wachstumszusammenhänge hin. Es lassen sich deutliche Hinweise für einen Einfluss der räumlichen Nähe auf die Intensität der Wachstumsabhängigkeiten ermitteln. Weiterhin ist festzustellen, dass regionale Ausgleichstendenzen und...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; C21; O18; R11.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26191

Impacts of Sample Size and Quality-Adjusted Imputed Prices on Own-Price Elasticities Estimated Using Cross-Sectional Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stockton,   Matthew C.
Cross-sectional data sets containing expenditure and quantity information are typically used to calculate quality-adjusted imputed prices.  Do sample size and quality adjustment of price statistically alter estimates for own-price elasticities? This paper employs a data set pertaining to three food categories-pork, cheese, and food away from home-with four sample sizes for each food category.  Twelve sample sizes were used for both adjusted and unadjusted prices to derive elasticities.  No statistical differences were found between own-price elasticities among sample sizes.  However, elasticities that were based on adjusted price imputations were significantly different from those that were based on unadjusted prices.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cross-sectional data; Imputed prices; Quality-adjusted prices; B41; D12; C21; C24.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43216

Geography and Economic Transition: Global Spatial Analysis at the Grid Cell Level
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Motamed,   Mesbah J.; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.; Masters,   William J.
This paper addresses the timing of historical transition from rural to urban activity. In our model, rural production has constant returns and meets subsistence needs, while urban production has scale economies and meets the demands of higher-income consumers. Urbanization occurs sooner when rural or urban productivity is higher or transport costs are lower. We test the model on worldwide data that divides the earth's surface at half-degree intervals into over 60,000 cells. From an independent estimate of each cell's rural and urban population history, we identify the date at which each cell achieves various thresholds of urbanization. Controlling for country fixed effects and neighbors' urbanization using spatial techniques, we find that the date at which...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Economic growth; Economic geography; Urbanization; Agriculture; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C21; N50; O11; O18; R1.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49589

The Impact of EU Enlargement on European Border Regions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Niebuhr,   Annekatrin.
EU enlargement is supposed to entail profound impact on the location of economic activities in Europe. Although there is concern about the implications of enlargement for regional disparities in the EU, corresponding empirical results are still rare. The objective of this analysis is to provide empirical evidence on enlargement effects with a special focus on border regions in the EU27 since they are likely to play a critical role within the spatial dynamics initiated by integration. Departing from a three-region economic geography model we investigate whether changes in market access released by integration result in above-average integration benefits in border regions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Integration; Market access; EU enlargement; Border regions; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; C21; F15; R12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26384

Commercialization of Smallholders: Is Market Participation Enough?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gebremedhin,   Berhanu; Jaleta,   Moti.
The literature on commercial transformation of smallholders makes little distinction between market orientation (production decision based on market signals) and market participation (sale of output). However, policy implications to enhance commercial transformation of subsistence agriculture drawn from the analysis of the determinants of household market participation alone could be inadequate, if in fact, the determinants of market orientation and market participation are not the same or not consistent with each other. This paper analyzes the determinants of market orientation and market participation in Ethiopia separately and examines if market orientation translates into market participation. Empirical results show that the determinants of market...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Commercialization; Smallholders; Market orientation; Market participation; Marketing; C21; C24; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96159

Smallholder Dairy Farmer Access to Alternative Milk Market Channels in Gujarat, India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kariuki,   E.; Staal,   Steven J.; Baltenweck,   Isabelle; Njoroge,   L.; Patil,   B.R.; Ibrahim,   Mohammed Nawaz Mohammed.
Although India is already the worlds largest milk producer, dairy production particularly among smallholder and even landless farmers continues to grow with growing demand. Currently over 80% of that milk marketed passes through traditional channels handling raw milk and traditionally processed products, in spite of the high profile given to cooperative dairy development through the Operation Flood programs. However, the growing middle class is likely to increase the demand for the more formal processed and pasteurized products, which the traditional market generally cannot deliver. This may shift opportunities for market participation and development away from smallholder dairy producers towards larger farmers who can deliver larger daily quantities of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Smallholder dairy; Conditional logit; McFaddens; Milk markets; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; D1; Q12; Q13; C21.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25496

Determinants of Profit Efficiency Among Small Scale Rice Farmers in Nigeria: A Profit Function Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kolawole,   Ogundari.
This study employs a stochastic frontier approach to examine profit efficiency of small scale rice farmers in Nigeria using farm-level survey data collected from 200 farmers in the study area. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and standard profit function. The result shows that about 60 percent of potential profit is gain due to production efficiency while the remaining can be attributed to both technical and allocative inefficiencies in the study area. Also, the result further revealed that age, educational level, farming experience and household size positively affected profit efficiency. These variables are thus important in policy formulation by government.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Stochastic frontier; Profit efficiency; Small-scale; Farmers; Nigeria; Crop Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis; C8; C21; Q12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25238

The influence of the natural environment and climate on life satisfaction in Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ambrey,   Christopher L.; Fleming,   Christopher M.
The narrative of the twentieth century is dominated by three key trends: population growth, economic growth and urbanisation. Moreover, these trends are expected to continue well into the twenty-first century. Australia has not been immune to these trends. Australia’s population is projected to increase by 65% to over 35 million by 2049, and be accompanied by an average growth in per-capita Gross Domestic Product of 1.5% per annum. Much of this population and economic growth will be concentrated in an already highly urbanised environment. As a consequence, the natural environment in which the majority of Australians live is likely to undergo rapid change. It is useful therefore, to better understand our relationship with this environment. Using data from...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C21; I31; R10.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100548

Dynamic Spatial Modelling of Regional Convergence Processes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kosfeld,   Reinhold; Lauridsen,   Jorgen.
Econometric analysis of convergence processes across countries or regions usually refers to a transition period between an arbitrary chosen starting year and a fictitious steady state. Panel unit root tests and panel cointegration techniques have proved to belong to powerful econometric tools if the conditions are met. When referring to economically defined regions, though, it is rather an exception than the rule that coherent time series are available. For this case we introduce a dynamic spatial modelling approach which is suitable to trace regional adjustment processes in space instead of time. It is shown how the spatial error-correction mechanism (SEC model) can be estimated depending on the spatial stationarity properties of the variables under...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Regional convergence; Dynamic spatial models; Spatial unit roots; Spatial error-correction; Community/Rural/Urban Development; C21; R11; R15.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26211

Does Where We Live Matter?  Understanding the Link Between Obesity and the Market for Food
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chen,   Susan E.; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.; Snyder,   Samantha D.
Paper is under revision.  Removed at author's request 10/27/08.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Incidence of obesity and overweight; Spatial lag model; Spatial dependence; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; C21; D1; I18; J10.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9682

Modern food retailers and traditional markets in developing countries: Comparing quality, prices, and competition strategies in Thailand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schipmann,   Christin; Qaim,   Matin.
Supermarkets and hypermarkets are expanding rapidly in many developing countries. While consequences for farmers and consumers were analyzed recently, little is known about the implications for traditional retail formats such as wet markets. Using data from a market survey in Thailand and hedonic regression models, we analyze quality and prices for fresh vegetables from different retail outlets. Compared to wet markets, modern retailers sell higher quality at higher prices, indicating that they are primarily targeting better-off consumers. Hence, they are not directly competing for the same market segments. Yet there are signs that modern and traditional markets will gradually converge.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Supermarkets; Modern retailers; Traditional wet markets; Product quality; Vegetables; Thailand; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; C21; L15; Q13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108348

Convergence and the Effects of Spatial Interaction
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Niebuhr,   Annekatrin.
Since the beginning of the 1990s, the issue of income convergence has received considerable attention in economic research. Although a vast number of empirical studies has emerged, evidence on the role of spatial interaction is still rather scarce. The present paper is an attempt to provide additional information on the spatial aspect of convergence. Spatial econometric methods are used to investigate regional convergence in West Germany. The results indicate that spatial interaction is an important element of regional growth. However, considering spatial effects does not alter the general conclusion that regional income growth is characterised by a process of convergence.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Regional convergence; Spatial interaction; Spatial econometrics; Community/Rural/Urban Development; C21; C52; O18; R11.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26351

Poverty Mapping in Rural Syria for Enhanced Targeting
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Szonyi,   Judit A.; de Pauw,   Eddy; La Rovere,   Roberto; Aw-Hassan,   Aden.
Poverty maps allow assessing the well-being of rural population in a spatial context and identifying poverty hotspots. The maps can be used for regional policy analysis as they help in identifying areas where the rural poor live and where rural poverty is determined by the endowment and quality of natural resources and by population pressure. Natural resource endowment was assessed in the study by calculating an Agricultural Resource Index based on the availability of different major agricultural resources. Income per-capita was calculated by using census data, adjusted by the rural population density. The results show that the better income areas of Syria are located in the irrigated or higher-rainfall areas, but lower-income pockets exist due to the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty maps; Resource endowment; Agricultural income distribution; GIS; Syria; Food Security and Poverty; C21; C8; D3; I3; R0.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25564

Analysing Wine Demand With Artificial Neural Networks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gerolimetto,   M.; Mauracher,   Christine; Procidano,   I.
In this paper we analyse wine demand in Italy using microdata. Instead of estimating a traditional parametric model (like AIDS) we employed artificial neural networks (ANN) and evaluate the elasticities using two different methods, specific for the non parametric framework. We compared the performances of the two methods to estimate elasticities and put in evidence the relevance of some demographic variables together with the usual economic ones, explaining the consumer's behaviour.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Artificial neural networks; Demand analysis; Wine; Elasticity; Demand and Price Analysis; C14; C21; Q11; Q13.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24753

Measuring Market Integration in Mozambican Maize Markets: A Threshold Vector Error Correction Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alemu,   Zerihun Gudeta; Biacuana,   G.R.
The primary objective of this research was to measure the extent of market integration between major surplus and deficit maize markets in Mozambique namely, Chimoio-Maputo, Chimoio-Beira, Ribaue-Nampula, and Mocuba-Nampula. To achieve this objective, Threshold Vector Autoregressive models were applied. The choice of the model was motivated by unobservable transaction costs and the import ant influence that their presence may exert on equilibrium spatial price relationships. The following are some of the major findings of the study. Firstly, threshold values (i.e. estimates of transaction costs) are found to be correlated positively with distance and inversely with the condition of the roads connecting markets. Secondly, market integration analysis revealed...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Mozambique; Market integration; Maize market; Transaction cost; Threshold vector error correction; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing; C21; C22; D4; E3; Q13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25657

Modern Supply Chains and Product Innovation: How Can Smallholder Farmers Benefit?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schipmann,   Christin; Qaim,   Matin.
There is an emerging body of literature analysing how smallholder farmers in developing countries can benefit from modern supply chains. However, most of the available studies concentrate on export markets and fail to capture spillover effects that modern supply chains may have on local markets. Here, we analyse the case of sweet pepper in Thailand, which was initially introduced as a product innovation in modern supply chains, but which is now widely traded also in more traditional markets. Using survey data from smallholder farmers and econometric techniques, we show that sweet pepper cultivation contributes significantly to higher household incomes. Strikingly, at this stage, participation in modern supply chains does not lead to higher incomes than...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Adoption; Duration analysis; Impact assessment; Modern supply chains; Product innovation; Sweet pepper; Thailand; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Marketing; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C21; C25; C41; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51046

THE INFLUENCES OF AVIAN INFLUENZA, BSE, AND H1N1 INFLUENZA ON ATTITUDINAL CHANGES IN MEAT SAFETY ISSUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hsu,   Jane Lu; Liu,   Kang Ernest; Lee,   Hwang-Jaw; Huang,   Min-Hsin; Hung,   Kelsey  Jing-Ru.
Consumption patterns for chicken and eggs have changed since the outbreak of the H5N1 avian influenza (AI) throughout the world, but its potential impact on demand has not been thoroughly unveiled. Our study examines some important factors influencing behavioral changes and estimates their marginal effects by employing the censored regression model to survey data in Taiwan. Results showed that risk perceptions, overall knowledge and some socio-demographic characteristics were profound in determining changes in consumption of chicken and eggs. Public health education programs informing consumers about the AI threat may reduce their negative perceptions; therefore, consumption of chicken and eggs would not be decreased significantly enough to damage related...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Avian influenza; Knowledge; Risk perceptions; Censored regression model; Taiwan; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; C21; D12; M30.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116405

Impacts of Population and Income Growth Rates on Threatened Mammals and Birds
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pandit,   Ram; Laband,   David N.
Per capita income and human population levels in a country have direct influences on its environmental outcomes. Countries with same level of income may have different rate of income growth and vice versa, suggesting that the influence of the rate of income growth on environmental outcomes could be different than that of income level. Similarly, the rate of population growth might have different impact in addition to the impacts of sheer number of population. We explore this empirical question using country-level data on threatened species published by IUCN for the year 2007. Controlling for other factors, our model estimates the influences of the rate of population and income growth on threatened mammals and birds across 113 continental countries. The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Income; Population; Spatial models; Spatial autocorrelation; Endemic species; Biodiversity; Environmental Economics and Policy; C21; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101404

A TWO-STEP ESTIMATOR FOR A SPATIAL LAG MODEL OF COUNTS: THEORY, SMALL SAMPLE PERFORMANCE AND AN APPLICATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lambert,   Dayton M.; Brown,   Jason P.; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.
Several spatial econometric approaches are available to model spatially correlated disturbances in count models, but there are at present no structurally consistent count models incorporating spatial lag autocorrelation. A two-step, limited information maximum likelihood estimator is proposed to fill this gap. The estimator is developed assuming a Poisson distribution, but can be extended to other count distributions. The small sample properties of the estimator are evaluated with Monte Carlo experiments. Simulation results suggest that the spatial lag count estimator achieves gains in terms of bias over the aspatial version as spatial lag autocorrelation and sample size increase. An empirical example deals with the location choice of single-unit start-up...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Count model; Location choice; Manufacturing; Poisson; Spatial econometrics; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C21; C25; D21; R12; R30.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59780

Spatial R&amp;D Spillovers and Economic Growth - Evidence from West Germany
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Funke,   Michael; Niebuhr,   Annekatrin.
The paper bases itself on recent theoretical writings in growth economics that emphasize the effects of both own R&amp;D efforts and of interregional technology spillovers on regions´ productivity. We propose robust estimation techniques to evaluate the R&amp;D spillovers across West German functional regions during the period 1976 - 1996. The findings suggest the existence of knowledge spillovers across functional regional boundaries.  Moreover, significant spillovers are mainly found among geographically close regions. This finding confirms the hypothesis that proximity matters. Das Papier basiert auf jüngeren Beiträgen zur Wachstumstheorie, die den Stellenwert eigener F&amp;E-Anstrengungen und interregionaler Spillover-Effekte für die regionale...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: R&amp;D Spillovers; Economic Growth; Germany; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C21; C52; F43; O57; R11.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26396

Brown Sunsets and Green Dawns in the Industrial Sector: Environmental Innovations, Firm Behavior and the European Emission Trading
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Borghesi,   Simone; Cainelli,   Giulio; Mazzanti,   Massimiliano.
We study the driving forces behind the adoption of environmental innovations (EI) in the Italian industry over 2006-2008 through analyses of the new wave of Community Innovation Survey (CIS) data that covered for the first time environmental innovation adoptions. We investigate whether the first phase of EU ETS has exerted some effects on environmental innovations by using a very large sample of italian manufcturing firms. Estimates show that external forces and complementarity with other management practices are particularly relevant to increase the adoption of relatively new and radical technologies: relationships with other firms and institutions, local public funding, group membership are the key factors. The role of ETS on EI seems instead to be weak:...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Innovation; Industrial Sectors; ETS; Innovation Drivers; CIS Data; Environmental Economics and Policy; C21; L2; O33; Q38; Q55.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121701

Peer Effects and Textbooks in Primary Education: Evidence from Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Frolich,   Markus; Michaelowa,   Katharina.
As opposed to many other school inputs, textbooks have frequently been demonstrated to significantly foster student achievement. Using the rich data set provided by the 'Program on the Analysis of Education Systems' (PASEC) for five francophone, sub-Saharan African countries, this paper goes beyond the estimation of direct effects of textbooks on students' learning and focuses on peer effects resulting from textbooks owned by students' classmates. Applying and extending nonparametric estimation methods from the treatment evaluation literature we separate the direct effect of textbooks from their peer effect. The latter clearly dominates but depends upon the initial level of textbook availability.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Primary education; Student achievement; Evaluation; Nonparametric estimation; Labor and Human Capital; C14; C21; O15.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26262

Business Establishment Growth in the Appalachian Region, 2000-2007:  An Application of Smooth Transition Spatial Process Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Xu,   Wan; Lambert,   Dayton M.
Business establishment growth in the Appalachian region (2000–2007) was regressed on industry sector composition controlling for demographic, physical, and economic determinants. We test the hypothesis that local response to growth determinants is geographically heterogeneous using Smooth Transition spatial process models. This class of models exhibiting endogenous regime switching behavior provides another tool for exploring the spatially heterogeneous effects of local determinants on economic growth.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Appalachia; Business establishment growth; Smooth transition models; Spatial processes; Community/Rural/Urban Development; C21; C51; O47; R11.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113517

Agglomeration, Spatial Interaction and Convergence in the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brauninger,   Michael; Niebuhr,   Annekatrin.
We investigate the convergence process among EU regions between 1980-2002 taking into account the effects of spatial heterogeneity and spatial spillover effects. The spatial regimes model allows for different steady-state growth paths. In contrast to previous analyses, the regimes in this paper refer to spatial categories, i.e. we assume that agglomerations, urbanised and rural regions are characterised by group-specific steadystates. Moreover, the regression analysis considers the effects of interaction among neighbouring regions, possibly leading to a spatial dependence of regional growth rates. We check whether spatial dependence is caused by spatial spillovers or based on country effects.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Convergence; Agglomeration; European Union; Spatial econometrics; Quantile regression; International Development; C21; O52; R11.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26150

Modeling Non-Linear Spatial Dynamics: A Family of Spatial STAR Models and an Application to U.S. Economic Growth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pede,   Valerien O.; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.; Holt,   Matthew T.
This paper investigates non-linearity in spatial processes models and allows for a gradual regime-switching structure in the form of a smooth transition autoregressive process. Until now, applications of the smooth transition autoregressive (STAR) model have been largely confined to the time series context. The paper focuses on extending the non-linear smooth transition perspective to spatial processes models, in which spatial correlation is taken into account through the use of a so-called weights matrix identifying the topology of the spatial system. We start by deriving a non-linearity test for a simple spatial model, in which spatial correlation is only included in the transition function. Next, we propose a non-linearity test for a model that includes...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Spatial econometrics; Non-linearity; Utoregressive smooth transition; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C12; C21; C51; O18; R11.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6518

Technological Leadership and Sectoral Employment Growth: A Spatial Econometric Analysis for U.S. Counties
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pede,   Valerien O.; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.; de Groot,   Henri L.F.
This paper investigates the determinants of technological catch-up and examines at a refined level of spatial and sectoral aggregation to what extent geographical and/or technological proximity to the technology leader impact regional employment growth. Technological progress is endogenously determined and depends on specialization, competition and diversity. We also allow technological progress to depend on agglomeration economies in proximate regions, and model technological progress by means of a hierarchical process of catch-up to the technology leader. Results indicate that human capital plays a crucial role in promoting sectoral employment growth. The effect of technological distance varies, depending on which sector is considered. Technological...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Regional employment growth; Technology leadership; Space; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; R11; R12; C21; O32; O47.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102827

Italian Consumption of Wild and Farmed Fish: Demand and Elasticity Estimation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gerolimetto,   M.; Mauracher,   Christine; Procidano,   I.
In this paper, we present an analysis of farmed and wild fish in Italy using microdot.  Instead of estimating a traditional parametric model such as AIDS, we employ Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and evaluate elasticities using a method specific of the non-parametric framework.  As input variables, we consider not only the traditional economic factors but also some socio-demographic ones.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Aquaculture; Artificial Neural Networks; Demand curve; Elasticity; Fish consumption; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Livestock Production/Industries; C14; C21; Q11; Q13.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56076

The Taste for Variety: A Hedonic Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Drescher,   Larissa S.; Thiele,   Silke; Weiss,   Christoph R.
Based on the model of consumers' variety-seeking behavior introduced by Anderson et al. (1992), this paper derives a hedonic price function for a households' consumption bundle. The price a consumer pays for her consumption bundle reflects the values of the underlying attributes of goods purchased but also accounts for any preference for variety that she might have. The empirical analysis is conducted for 3,240 German households and their expenditure on 182 different soft drinks over a six-month period. We find that consumers have a preference for variety in food consumption, ceteris paribus. Furthermore, the per-unit price is found to be significantly larger for higher income households, as well as households where the principal wage earner has a high...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Consumer demand; Taste for variety; Food products; Hedonic analysis; Germany; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; C21; D12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25251

A Spatial Econometric Analysis of Compliance with an International Environmental Agreement on an Open Access Resource
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Borsky,   Stefan; Raschky,   Paul A.
This paper provides an empirical analysis of the role of intergovernmental relations on a country's effort to enforce the objectives of an international environmental agreement on an open access resource. Intergovernmental interaction allows signatory countries to observe compliance behavior of other signees and to punish non-compliance by applying bi- and multilateral sanctions. We use a cross-sectional dataset that contains country level information about compliance with Article 7 of the 1995 UN Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. Our identification strategy combines a spatial autoregressive model with spatial autoregressive disturbances and an instrumental variable approach. We find a strong positive effect of other countries' compliance on the...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: International environmental agreements; Open access resources; Spatial econometrics; Environmental Economics and Policy; C21; F53; Q22.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124425

Public greenspace and life satisfaction in urban Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ambrey,   Christopher L.; Fleming,   Christopher M.
This paper examines the influence of public greenspace on the life satisfaction of residents of Australia’s capital cities. A positive relationship is found between the percentage of public greenspace in a resident’s local area and their self-reported life satisfaction. On average, it is found that a resident has an implicit willingness-to-pay of $1,168 in annual household income for a one per cent (143m2) increase in public greenspace. The relationship between public greenspace and life satisfaction however, is non-linear. Additional results suggest that the value of greenspace increases with population density and that lone parents, the less educated and those living in high rise dwellings benefit to a greater extent from the provision of public...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Happiness; Household; Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA); Geographic Information Systems (GIS); Greenspace; Life Satisfaction; Non-market Valuation.; Community/Rural/Urban Development; C21; Q51; R20.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124302

Are Organic Farmers Really Better Off Than Conventional Farmers?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hiroki,   Uematsu; Mishra,   Ashok K.
We employed the propensity score matching and estimated the causal effect of being certified organic crop producers on farm household income and its various components in the United States. Contrary to the standard assumption in economic analysis, certified organic farmers do not earn significantly higher household income than conventional farmers. Certified organic crop producers earn higher revenue but they incur higher production expenses. In particular, certified organic producers spend significantly more on labor expenses, insurance payments, and marketing charges than conventional farmers. The results suggest that early adopters of organic farmers have done so for non pecuniary reasons and the lack of economic incentives can be an important barrier...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Organic farming; Propensity score matching; Nearest neighbor matching; Average treatment effect; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Marketing; Q10; Q13; J43; C21.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103862

Measurement and Political Economy of Disputed Technical Regulations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thornsbury,   Suzanne; Roberts,   Donna; Orden,   David.
Technical regulations are increasingly visible in agricultural trade, yet their idiosyncratic nature has limited prior aggregate analysis.  This article draws on a unique data source for systematic enumeration of the technical regulations questioned by one exporter among all of its trading partners in mid-1996.  Political economy analysis indicates that barriers decrease when the relative contribution of agriculture to an economy increases, when the anticipated future level of protection through other forms of government intervention increases, and when economies are more open.  Despite increased scrutiny and discipline by the World Trade Organization, technical barriers remain a significant impediment in world agricultural markets.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Limited dependent variable; Sanitary; And phytosanitary; WTO; F13; F14; C21; C24.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43448

Adoption of Pollution Prevention: The Role of Information Spillover, Mandatory Regulation, and Voluntary Program Participation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bi,   Xiang; Deltas,   George; Khanna,   Madhu.
Interest in promoting Pollution Prevention (P2) has been increasing since 1991, following the passage of the Pollution Prevention Act (PPA) of 1990. As part of the PPA, facilities that are subject to the Toxics Releases Inventory (TRI) are required to disclose the number of incremental P2 activities for each listed chemicals from 1991 onward. Though the disclosure is required by the PPA, the adoption of P2 remains a voluntary initiative by firms. To promote P2 ethic among firms, the U.S.EPA has established several voluntary programs and P2 information clearinghouse. P2 technologies were more likely to be facility- and operation- specific and involved considerable information costs and uncertainty. Firms might learn about P2 technologies from their peers...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pollution prevention; Toxics Release Inventory (TRI); Voluntary 33/50 program; Information spillover; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q55; C21; L51.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103741

Residential Water Consumption: A Cross Country Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grafton,   R. Quentin; Kompas,   Tom; To,   Hang; Ward,   Michael B.
Survey data from over 1,600 households in ten countries were used to analyse the determinants of residential water demand. Results show that in every country the price elasticity is negative and statistically significant.   Households that do not have to pay for the water they use (volumetric water charges) consume about a third more water than similar households that do have to pay such charges. Consumers’ attitudes do not have a statistically significant effect on total water use, although they do increase the probability of households using some water saving behaviours. Volumetric water charges also have an impact on the adoption of water saving actions.   Full-cost water pricing appears to be a highly effective instrument to manage residential water...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water demand; Water consumption; Water pricing; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C21; Q25; Q50.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94823

An Investigation of Significant Factors Influencing Western Australian Wool Producers to Produce Wool: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quaddus,   Mohammed; Islam,   Nazrul; Stanton,   John.
Why Australian wool producers remained in the business despite the hardship they have experienced for much of the 1990s from low prices of wool? This question was raised frequently by research scientists and policymakers of the wool industry. A recent exploratory study gives a notion that Australian wool production could be a 'lifestyle' choice and/or a choice other than economic reasons. To validate this notion this paper investigates the factors that drive and motivate the Western Australian wool producers, as identified in the exploratory study, by applying a Structural Equation Modelling approach. An innovative mixed research method is adopted in this study. Telephone survey is conducted among a random selection of 290 wool producers in WA. The results...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; C21; L2; L7; Q10.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25275

Economic Impacts of Regional Approaches to Rural Development: Initial Evidence on the Delta Regional Authority
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pender,   John L.; Reeder,   Richard J.
This study assesses the initial economic outcomes of the Delta Regional Authority (DRA), which began funding rural development projects in the Mississippi Delta region in 2002. The study focuses on non-metropolitan DRA counties and similar counties elsewhere in the Mississippi Delta region and the southeast, using a quasi-experimental approach that combines matching methods, double and triple difference and switching regression estimation. We find that per capita income and transfer payments grew more rapidly in DRA counties than similar non-DRA counties, and that these impacts are larger in counties in which DRA spending was larger. Each additional dollar of DRA spending per capita is associated with an increase of $15 in personal income per capita...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural economic development programs; Economic impacts; Mississippi Delta; Delta Regional Authority; Matching estimators; Double difference; Triple difference estimation; Switching regression; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; R58; R11; O18; C21.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60909

Regional Distribution of Short-Run, Medium-Run and Long-Run Quota Rents Across EU-15 Milk Producers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moro,   Daniele; Nardella,   Michele; Sckokai,   Paolo.
This paper evaluates the distribution of short- and long-run marginal costs and quota rents across the EU-15 milk producers, by estimating a system of cost and input share equations on a panel data of dairy farms from 1996 to 2001. Regional and geographical location and the size of milk operations have been considered as the major factors affecting marginal costs. The results on quota rents highlights that Italian and Greek dairy farmers receive the highest economic rent (260 €/ton), while in Portugal the lowest (101 €/Kg) at least in the short-run. This is an indication that Italian and Greek milk supply would be the least 'sensitive' to a reduction in the intervention price. Several countries show negative long-run quota rents, indicating that in the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Dairy; Quota rents; Marginal costs; Livestock Production/Industries; C21; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24615

Spatial Effects of European Integration: Do Border Regions Benefit Above Average?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Niebuhr,   Annekatrin.
A basic result of new economic geography (NEG) models is that the proximity to consumer markets impacts wages and employment within regions. The ongoing process of European integration, being targeted on the reduction of barriers to trade and factor mobility, has presumably changed relative market access in Europe. The present paper aims at providing some evidence on spatial effects of integration released by declining border impediments and changing market potentials. The analysis departs from a three-region economic geography model. We focus on the impact of integration on European border regions and the question whether they realise above average integration benefits. The empirical analysis concerns integration effects in the EU15 regions arising from a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: New economic geography; Market access; European integration; Border regions; International Relations/Trade; C21; F15; R12.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26196

Impact of Income on Calorie and Nutrient Intakes: A Cross-Country Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Salois,   Matthew J.; Tiffin,   J. Richard; Balcombe,   Kelvin George.
The relationship between income and nutrient intake is explored. Nonparametric, panel, and quantile regressions are used. Engle curves for calories, fat, and protein are approximately linear in logs with carbohydrate intakes exhibiting diminishing elasticities as incomes increase. Elasticities range from 0.10 to 0.25, with fat having the highest elasticities. Countries in higher quantiles have lower elasticities than those in lower quantiles. Results predict significant cumulative increases in calorie consumption which are increasingly composed of fats. Though policies aimed at poverty alleviation and economic growth may assuage hunger and malnutrition, they may also exacerbate problems associated with obesity.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Calorie and nutrient consumption; Food and nutrition policy; Income elasticities; Nonparametric; Panel; Quantile regression.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C11; C14; C21; C23; O10; O47; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103647

The 2005 episodes of the "banana war" serial. An empirical assessment of the introduction by the European Union of a tariff-only import regime for bananas.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anania,   Giovanni.
The EU Common Market Organization for bananas has been generating international controversies since its introduction in 1992.  Many thought the 'banana war' had come to an end when, at the 2001 WTO Ministerial Conference in Doha, a Decision was taken for the EU to introduce, no later than 1 January 2006, a 'tariff-only regime' which ' would result in at least maintaining total market access for MFN banana suppliers'.  However, proposals by the EU for a tariff-only regime have been rejected in a two-step WTO arbitration in 2005 because they were found not to satisfy this requirement.  On 1 January 2006 the EU unilaterally introduced a tariff-only regime.  The paper presents the main results of a modelling effort aimed at analyzing this policy issue.  The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Q17; Q18; F13; C21; C6; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18854

EU Dairy Sector: Impact of Luxemburg Reform, EU Enlargement and Trade Negotiations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bouamra-Mechemache,   Zohra; Ali-Kein,   Hela Hadj; Jongeneel,   Roelof A.; Tonini,   Axel; Requillart,   Vincent.
The EU dairy sector is facing a period of significant changes that are due to three major decisions: the EU enlargement, the Luxembourg reform and on-going WTO negotiations. To evaluate the impact of such changes we developed a model of the EU and world dairy industry. The model is composed of two modules that interact: a milk and beef supply module and a dairy industry module. In this paper we present the model and focus on elements that are crucial for a better understanding of the impact of reforms: quota rents in the EU, evolution of production in the new member states and trade policy.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Dairy industry; Partial equilibrium model; International Relations/Trade; C21; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24581

Spatial Economic Analysis in Data-Rich Environments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bell,   Kathleen P.; Dalton,   Timothy J.
Controlling for spatial effects in micro-economic studies of consumer and producer behavior necessitates a range of analytical modifications ranging from modest changes in data collection and the definition of variables to dramatic changes in the modeling of consumer and producer decision-making.  This paper discusses conceptual, empirical, and data issues involved in modeling the spatial aspects of economic behavior in data rich environments. Attention is given to established and emerging agricultural economic applications of spatial data and spatial econometric methods at the micro-scale.  Recent applications of individual and household data are featured, including models of land-use change at the urban-rural interface, agricultural land values, and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C21; Q10; Q12; Q15; Q56.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25241

Rice Production Response in Cambodia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yu,   Bingxin; Fan,   Shenggen.
This paper analyzes how Cambodian farmers and the government can respond to the rise of rice price. The study estimates rice production response in Cambodia using the Cambodia Socio-Economic Surveys (CSES) conducted in 2004 and 2007. The results indicate that agricultural productivity is far from its potential and can be increased substantially by using modern technology and inputs such as fertilizers and irrigation. Our findings also suggest that the Cambodian government needs to design its investment strategy to relax constraints in rural infrastructure such as transportation and electricity in order to increase its agricultural production and productivity and boost farmers’ income.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Production response; Government investment; Price; Rice; Cambodia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; Production Economics; C21; O13; Q1.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51042

Opportunity Costs of Providing Crop Diversity in Organic and Conventional Farming: Would Targeted Environmental Policies Make Economic Sense?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sipilainen,   Timo; Huhtala,   Anni.
Targeted environmental policies for farmlands may improve the cost-efficiency of conservation programs if one can identify the farms that produce public goods, or environmental outputs, with the least cost. We derive shadow values of producing crop diversity on conventional and organic crop farms to examine their opportunity costs of conservation. Non-parametric distance functions are estimated by applying data envelopment analysis to a sample of Finnish crop farms for the period 1994 – 2002. Our results show that there is variation in the shadow values between farms and the technologies adopted. The extent of cost heterogeneity and farms’ potential for specialization in the production of environmental outputs determine whether voluntary programs such as...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Shannon index; DEA; Distance functions; Shadow values; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; C21; D24; H41; Q12; Q24.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114527

Estimation of Food Demand Patterns in South Africa Based on a Survey of Households
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Agbola,   Frank W.
South Africa is emerging as a major player in the world agricultural products market.  This study investigates aggregate food demand patterns in South Africa using a linear approximate almost ideal demand system (LA/AIDS) modeling framework.  Data from a 1993 integrated national household survey are employed in the analysis.  Empirical results show that demand for meat and fish, grains, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, and other foods are generally price elastic.  The expenditure elasticities imply that meat and fish and grains are luxury products, whereas dairy products, fruits, vegetables and other foods are necessities in the household diet.  The results also indicate that if income of households increases food expenditure on meat and fish and grains...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Household food demand; LA/AIDS model; South Africa; C21; D12.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43202

Effect of contract farming on productivity and income of small holders: The case of tea production in north-western Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saigenji,   Yoshiko; Zeller,   Manfred.
This paper examines potential of contract farming as a rural development tool by revealing its effect on productivity and income of small holders in tea production in north-western Vietnam. In the present research, three economic analyses are applied. First, the technical efficiency of tea production is estimated by using stochastic frontier model. The results show that contract farming achieved significantly higher technical efficiency compared to non-contract farming. Second, logit model is investigated to determine the influential socio-economic characteristics of households for contract participation. The model indicates that social relationship of households, such as the membership in the communist party, play an important role in contract...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contract farming; Tea; Vietnam; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; Productivity Analysis; C21; D24; O12; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51681

Bounds on Quantile Treatment Effects of Job Corps on Participants' Wages
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blanco,   German; Flores,   Carlos A.; Flores-Lagunes,   Alfonso.
This paper assesses the effect of the U.S. Job Corps (JC), the nation's largest and most comprehensive job training program targeting disadvantaged youths, on wages. We employ partial identification techniques and construct informative nonparametric bounds for the causal effect of interest under weaker assumptions than those conventionally used for point identification of treatment effects in the presence of sample selection. In addition, we propose and estimate bounds on quantile treatment effects of the program on participants' wages. In general, we find convincing evidence of positive impacts of JC on participants' wages. Importantly, we find that estimated impacts on lower quantiles of the distribution are higher, with the highest impact being in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Job Corps; Nonparametric Bounds; Principal Stratification; Active Labor Market Programs.; Labor and Human Capital; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; J24; J68; C14; C21.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103761

Market Access and Regional Disparities: New Economic Geography in Europe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Niebuhr,   Annekatrin.
New Economic Geography (NEG) has reached a theoretical consolidation while related empirical tests are still scarce. The present paper aims at providing some evidence on the validity of forces emphasised by NEG. The analysis starts from the nominal wage equation derived from the Krugman "core-periphery model" and focuses on one of the main propositions of NEG that access advantages raise factor prices. The paper investigates the significance of market access for regional wages and the geographic extent of demand linkages for a cross section of European regions, also taking into account the effects of national borders. The regression analysis covers the period between 1985 and 2000. The results are consistent with the implication of NEG that demand linkages...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: New economic geography; Market access; Europe; International Relations/Trade; C21; F12; R12.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26148

Regional Income Inequality and Economic Growth: A Spatial Econometrics Analysis for Provinces in the Philippines
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pede,   Valerien O.; Sparks,   Adam H.; McKinley,   Justin D.
This paper revisits the inequality-growth relationship using data at the sub-national (provincial) level in the Philippines over the period 1991- 2000. A conditional convergence growth model is considered where the growth of per capita income depends on inequality and other growth factors. The contribution of each province to the overall inequality obtained from the Theil index is considered. Results indicate that inequality has a positive and significant effect on per capita income growth. However, the magnitude of the inequality effect is not stable across regions. Geographically Weighted Regression estimates show that the magnitude of the inequality growth relationship varies over a range of 0.72 to 3.36. Other results are also noteworthy in this study....
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Clusters; Growth; Inequality; Spatial econometrics; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; R11; R12; O15; C21.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124402

SNAP Efficacy and Food Access – A Nationwide Spatial Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bonanno,   Alessandro; Ghosh,   Gaurav S.
As the public expenditure for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) - formerly the Food Stamp Program (FSP) - increases, improving the effectiveness of the policy becomes pivotal to limit further surges in public spending. Along with social stigma, transaction costs, associated in part to the accessibility and proximity to food outlets, are the main deterrent to program participation. This study presents an empirical assessment of the relationship between food access and FSP participation among eligible population. The analysis uses county-level data for the continental U.S., distinguished by different stores formats (grocery stores, convenience stores and a non-traditional, low-priced alternative, Wal-Mart Supercenters) accounting for the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Stamps; Food Access; Spatial modelling; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Q18; L81; C21.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116437

The effect of forest land use on the cost of drinking water supply: A spatial econometric analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abildtrup,   Jens; Garcia,   Serge; Stenger,   Anne.
Forest land use is often associated with the protection of water resources from contamination and the reduced cost of drinking water supply. This study attempted to measure the value of the forest on the quality of water resources from a contingent market, namely drinking water supply, by estimating variations in drinking water costs as a function of variations in land uses. Spatial correlations were taken into account because of the use of different geographical scales (i.e., water service area and land uses) and the potential existence of organizational and technological spillovers between water services. We found a significant negative effect of forest land use on water costs. We found no evidence of spatial spillovers concerning the management regime...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water quality; Land uses; Forest; Water supply service; Spatial spillovers; Demand and Price Analysis; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C21; Q23; Q25; R14.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120385

Will Small-Scale Dairy Producers in Kenya Disappear Due to Economies of Scale in Production?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Omiti,   John M.; Wanyoike,   F.; Staal,   Steven J.; Delgado,   Christopher L.; Njoroge,   L.
There is growing policy concern regarding the competitiveness of small-scale livestock production in the wake of the contemporary livestock revolution in many developing countries. In Kenya, this debate has focused on economies of scale and the undue influence of policy distortions on promoting the scaling up of dairy farms. This paper seeks to investigate economies of scale in Kenyan dairy in terms of relative profit efficiency at different levels of output, and identify policy and technology options to help small-scale farmers develop solutions to the challenges of competition. Data were collected from 204 dairy producers of different farm sizes in rural Kiambu and Thika, and urban Nairobi districts and a stochastic frontier model approach was used to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Dairy Production; Stochastic Production Frontier; Efficiency; Profitability; Livestock Production/Industries; C21; Q12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25674

Environmental Innovations, Local Networks and Internationalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cainelli,   Giulio; Mazzanti,   Massimiliano; Montresor,   Sandro.
This paper investigates the drivers of the environmental innovations (EI) introduced by firms in local production systems (LPS). The role of firm network relationships, agglomeration economies and internationalization strategies is analysed for a sample of 555 firms in the Emilia-Romagna region, North-East of Italy. Cooperating with ‘qualified’ local actors – i.e. universities and suppliers – is the most important driver of EI for most firms, along with their training policies and IT innovations. The role of agglomeration economies is less clear and seems to depend on the EI propensity of more locally oriented firms playing in district areas, which might even turn agglomeration into dis-economies. Networking effects and agglomeration economies are instead...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Eco-Innovation; Foreign Ownership; Networking; District; Agglomeration Economics; Local Production Systems; Environmental Economics and Policy; C21; L60; O13; O30; Q20; Q58; F23.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101298

Geographic Distribution of Renewable Energy Sector Industries: An Analysis Using Recent Developments in Industry Concentration Measurement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Register,   D. Lane; Lambert,   Dayton M.; English,   Burton C.; Jensen,   Kimberly L.; Menard,   R. Jamey; Wilcox,   Michael D.
Recent developments in firm location analysis are applied to explore the concentration patterns of firms making up the green energy sectors in 2002 and 2006. A two-step procedure is applied in this analysis. First, Guimarães, Figueiredo, and Woodward’s spatial adaption of Ellison and Glaeser’s industry concentration index are applied to estimate the degree to which firms making up the so-called green energy sectors tend to exhibit concentration. In the second stage, the spatial distribution of concentration is analyzed using a statistical framework, also suggested by Guimarães, Figueiredo, and Woodward. Preliminary results suggest that green energy subsectors exhibit significant global concentration, but localized concentration appears to be random.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Global; Local; Industry concentration measures; Green energy sectors; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C21; L20.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124038

What Determines the Economic Links among Organic Farmers? Empirical Evidence from Argentina
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Casellas,   Karina S.; Berges,   Miriam E.; Cala,   Daniela.
Farming and consumers` decisions are affected by markets globalizations, products differentiation, agricultural industrialization at the retail level and new organizational forms. The linkages among farmers emerge as a viable strategy to compete in this new context. Producers must develop skills to maintain market positioning and access to high value added niches. In Argentina, organic production has been an alternative for farmers to increase revenues, since the nineties, due to the major demand of developed countries and the price premiums. The objective of the paper is to investigate the extent to which Argentinian organic producers operate in an associated way and which the determinants of these linkages are. A count model regression is used to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Horizontal Links; Organic producers; Count Model; Farm Management; D7; C21.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25651

PRIMARY DETERMINANTS AND THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF CORRUPTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ortega,   David L.; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.; Delbecq,   Benoit A.
This paper analyzes the spatial distribution of corruption and its primary economic and political determinants. Economic freedom and development are found to lower incidences of corruption.  Of notable significance, this study finds empirical evidence of a non-linear relationship between a country’s level of democracy and corruption. Extreme authoritarian regimes are found to have lower corruption levels than hybrid regimes, but past a certain threshold democracy inhibits corruption. More importantly the analysis in this paper finds that the economic and political actions of a country have a significant impact on corruption levels worldwide.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Corruption; Spatial econometrics; Economic freedom; Political democracy; Political Economy; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C21; D73; H11.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101395

Product Attribute Saliency and Region of Origin: Some Empirical Evidence from Portugal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Santos,   J. Freitas; Ribeiro,   J. Cadima.
This paper empirically investigates the extent to which consumer preferences may act as promoters of regional products. Three products are studied in terms of the importance consumers attach to various product attributes with particular emphasis on region of origin information. The estimation of a hedonic price function, which relates the price of Portuguese regional products to its various attributes, provided empirical support to the hypothesis that region of origin matters to consumers. The study shows that wine, olive oil and cheese from some regions of origin have a significant impact on price. Particularly, some regions of origin are expected to have price premiums, while others are expected to have discounts.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Regional products; Hedonic approach; Wine; Olive oil; Cheese; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; C21; D83; Q18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24667

Tenure Insecurity, Transaction Costs in the Land Lease Market and their Implications for Gendered Productivity Differentials
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Holden,   Stein T.; Bezabih,   Mintewab.
This study sets out to assess the link between land leasing behavior and productivity differentials between male and female-headed households. A double-moral hazard model allows us to show that landlord's tenure insecurity leads to sub-optimal level of effort on tenant's part, via its impact on the likelihood of contract renewal. The landlord's enforcement ability is also shown to increase the optimal level of effort. The empirical findings support the hypothesis that female heads of households have higher tenant turnover and lower enforcement ability. The results, however, show that contract renewal is not strongly linked to productivity.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Productivity; Female headed households; Contract length; Enforcement ability; Land Economics/Use; D2; Q12; Q15; C21; C7.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25273

Juvenile Delinquency and Conformism
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Patacchini,   Eleonora; Zenou,   Yves.
This paper studies whether conformism behavior affects individual outcomes in crime. We present a social network model of peer effects with ex-ante heterogeneous agents and show how conformism and deterrence affect criminal activities. We then bring the model to the data by using a very detailed dataset of adolescent friendship networks. A novel social network-based empirical strategy allows us to identify peer effects for different types of crimes. We find that conformity plays an important role for all crimes, especially for petty crimes. This suggests that, for juvenile crime, an effective policy should not only be measured by the possible crime reduction it implies but also by the group interactions it engenders.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Social Networks; Linear-in-means Model; Spatial Autoregressive Model; Social Norms; Labor and Human Capital; A14; C21; D85; K42; Z13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90945

Interlinked Transactions in Cash Cropping Economies: The Determinants of Farmer Participation and Performance in the Zambezi River Valley of Mozambique
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benfica,   Rui M.S.; Tschirley,   David L.; Boughton,   Duncan.
This paper investigates the determinants of participation and performance of tobacco contract farmers, and the effects of participation on overall crop and household incomes in the Zambezi Valley of Mozambique. We test the existence of threshold effects in land holdings and educational attainment to identify the types of farmers that benefit. Several results stand out. First, participation in the schemes is driven by factor endowments, asset ownership and alternative income opportunities, and very little by demographic factors. Second, we find no returns to education in tobacco; this result is consistent with previous research in Mozambique but surprising in an agronomically demanding crop like tobacco. Third, there appear to be economies of scale in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contract farming; Selection bias; Treatment effects; Threshold effects; Household income.; Crop Production/Industries; C21; D1; L1; J43; Q12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25244

A two-stage productivity analysis using bootstrapped Malmquist index and quantile regression
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaditi,   Eleni A.; Nitsi,   Elisavet I.
This paper examines the effects of farm characteristics and government policies in enhancing productivity growth for a sample of Greek farms, using a two-stage procedure. In the 1st-stage, non-parametric estimates of Malmquist index and its decompositions are computed, while a bootstrapping procedure is applied to provide their statistical precision. In the 2nd-stage, the productivity growth estimates are regressed on various covariates using a bootstrapped quantile regression approach. The effect that the covariates exert on productivity growth of the average producer is analyzed, as well as the marginal effect of a given covariate for individuals at different points in the conditional productivity distribution. The results indicate that there exists...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Malmquist productivity index; Quantile regression; Bootstrap; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C14; C21; D24.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52845

Relationship Between Trade Liberalisation, Economic Growth and Trade Balance: An Econometric Investigation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parikh,   Ashok; Stirbu,   Corneliu.
This is a study of 42 developing countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America in which we first examine the impact of trade liberalisation on economic growth, investment share of GDP, openness, trade balance and current accounts (as percentages of GDP). Both panel data and country by country data are used to measure the impact of liberalisation on domestic economic growth measured in PPP terms from the data available in Heston, Summers and Aten (2001) study. Domestic economic growth is often positively related to liberalisation for many countries of our sample. Next we analyse the impact of growth on trade balance and current account to examine whether higher economic growth due to liberalisation leads to adverse effect on balance of trade. Trade balance is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Liberalisation; Trade balance; Developing countries; Panel data estimation; International Development; International Relations/Trade; F32; F14; O24; C21; C23.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26267

Spatial and non spatial approaches to agricultural convergence in Europe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gutierrez,   Luciano; Sassi,   Maria.
The paper starts from the critiques to the Barro-style methodology for convergence analysis with the aim of reviewing the econometric approaches for testing spatial effects in convergence process related to both cross sectional and panel data regressions, a framework that is applied to a sample of 80 regions of the EU-15 at NUTS-2 level over the time period from 1980 to 2007. The empirical analysis compares results from approaches and, at the same time, provides empirical evidence from techniques that are now widely recognised in the understanding of regional growth and the influence of space but never or rarely applied to the agricultural context. Results point out the complexity of the process of agricultural regional convergence in Europe that cannot be...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Convergence; Spatial approaches; Non spatial approaches; Community/Rural/Urban Development; C21; C33; Q19.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99362