Consulta: subjectFacets:"C93"
Registros recuperados: 39
Data/hora: 10/06/2024 19:14:59

THE ROLE OF PRODUCTION METHODS IN FRUIT PURCHASING BEHAVIOUR: HYPOTHETICAL VS ACTUAL CONSUMERS’ PREFERENCES AND STATED MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moser,   Riccarda; Raffaelli,   Roberta; Notaro,   Sandra.
In recent years, concerns for potential risks on human health related to the overuse of chemical pesticides have encouraged research of alternatives production methods as integrated pest management (IPM) and organic agriculture. Consumer preferences for these practices or for new product characteristics often have been evaluated using stated preference techniques such as Choice Experiment (CE). Nevertheless, it has been found that in these surveys respondents generally report higher hypothetical than real willingness to pay, providing the existence of the so-called “hypothetical bias”. While the presence of this bias has been widely reported in Contingent Valuation, its investigation in CE is still at the beginning. Moreover, in most of the cases, the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Fruit purchasing behaviour; Production methods; Mitigation practices; Hypothetical bias; Real choice experiment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; C35; Q18; D12; C93.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116426

THE INFLUENCE OF ATTRIBUTE CUTOFFS ON CONSUMERS’ CHOICES OF A FUNCTIONAL FOOD
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ding,   Yulian; Veeman,   Michele M.; Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.
This study investigates evidence of non-compensatory preferences by incorporating attribute cutoffs into the modeling of consumer choices in the context of food with health-related attributes (omega-3 content) that may be associated with fortification or may result from genetic modification (GM). Data for this study were collected through a nation-wide internet-based survey drawn from a representative panel of Canadian households maintained by a major North American marketing firm. In addition to querying respondents on their perceptions and attitudes regarding food and health, choices of canola oils are elicited using a stated choice experiment in which product alternatives are identified based on attributes of price, country of origin, omega-3 content...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Decision strategy; Attribute cutoff; Functional food; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; C25; C93; D1.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116423

Can Co-Management Improve the Governance of   A Common- Pool Resource? Lessons From A Framed Field Experiment in A Marine Protected Area in the Colombian Caribbean
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moreno-Sanchez,   Rocio del Pilar; Maldonado,   Jorge Higinio.
Complexities associated with the management of common pool resources (CPR) threaten governance at some marine protected areas (MPA). In this paper, using economic experimental games (EEG), we investigate the effects of both external regulation and the complementarities between internal regulation and non-coercive authority intervention—what we call co-management—on fishermen’s extraction decisions. We perform EEG with fishermen inhabiting the influence zone of an MPA in the Colombian Caribbean. The results show that co- management exhibits the best results, both in terms of resource sustainability and reduction in extraction, highlighting the importance of strategies that recognize communities as key actors in the decision-making process for the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Common-pool resources; Governance; Co-management; Experimental economic games; Fisheries; Latin America.; Environmental Economics and Policy; C93; C72; D02; D70; Q01; Q22; Q28; C23; C25.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60731

Estimating the Impact of Food and Drug Administration Regulation of Cigarette Package Warning Labels and the Potential Added Impact of Plain Packaging: Evidence From Experimental Auctions Among Adult Smokers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thrasher,   James F.; Rousu,   Matthew C.; Hammond,   David; Navarro,   Ashley; Corrigan,   Jay R.
Objective: To estimate differences in demand for cigarette packages with different packaging and health warning label formats. Methods:  Adult smokers (n=404) in four states participated in experimental auctions.  Participants bid on two of four experimental conditions, each involving a different health warning label format but with the same warning message: 1. text on 50% of pack side; 2. text on 50% of the pack front and back; 3. text with a graphic picture on 50% of the pack front and back; and 4. same as previous format, but without brand imagery.   Results:  Mean bids decreased across conditions (1. $3.52; 2. $3.43; 3. $3.11; 4. $2.93).  Bivariate and multivariate random effects models indicated that there was no statistically significant difference...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Experimental auctions; Cigarette labels; Grotesque images; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; C93.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103169

Participation in Off-Farm Employment, Risk Preferences, and Weather Variability: The Case of Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bezabih,   Mintewab; Gebreegziabher,   Zenebe; GebreMedhin,   Liyousew; Kohlin,   Gunnar.
This article assesses the relative importance of risk preferences and rainfall availability on households’ decision to engage in off-farm employment. Devoting time for off-farm activities, while it helps households earn additional incomes, involves a number of uncertainties. Unique panel data from Ethiopia which includes experimentally generated risk preference measures combined with longitudinal rainfall data is used in the analysis. An off farm participation decision and activity choice showed that both variability and reduced availability of rainfall as well as neutral risk preferences increase the likelihood of off-farm participation. From policy perspective, the results imply that expanding off farm opportunities could act as safety nets in the face...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Off-farm employment; Labor supply; Rainfall variability/reduced availability; Risk preferences; GLLAMM; Ethiopia; Labor and Human Capital; Q13; D81; C35; C93.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95784

Valuation of Safety-Branded and Traceable Free Range Chicken in Ha Noi: Results from a Field Experiment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ifft,   Jennifer; Roland-Holst,   David W.; Zilberman,   David.
The valuation of traceable or safety-branded food by consumers in developing countries affected by diseases such as avian influenza, or with food safety issues in general, is very difficult to identify. Products that have safety-branding are not common, and food is usually purchased by bargaining at informal markets. However, valuation of traceability has important implications for livestock disease policies as well as agricultural sector development. Through developing a short-term certified supply chain for free range chicken in Hanoi, we were able to conduct a combined field experiment and detailed household survey to measure the valuation of this type of poultry. We find that consumers in urban Hanoi on average have a welfare gain of about $1 per whole...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Field experiments; Avian influenza; Vietnam; Food safety; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; C93; D12; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49444

The Effect of Risk, Ambiguity and Coordination on Farmers’ Adaptation to Climate Change: A Framed Field Experiment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alpizar,   Francisco; Carlsson,   Fredrik; Naranjo,   Maria.
The risk of losses of income and productive means due to adverse weather associated to climate change can significantly differ between farmers sharing a productive landscape. It is important to learn more about how farmers react to different levels of risk, under measurable and unmeasurable uncertainty. Moreover, the costs associated to investments in reduced vulnerability to climatic events are likely to exhibit economies of scope. We explore these issues using a framed field experiment that captures realistically the main characteristics of production, and the likely weather related losses of premium coffee farmers in Tarrazu, Costa Rica. Given that the region recently was severely hit by an extreme, albeit very infrequent, climatic event, we expected to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Risk Aversion; Ambiguity Aversion; Technology Adoption; Climate change; Field Experiment; Environmental Economics and Policy; C93; D81; H41; Q16; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92708

What's Advertising Content Worth? Evidence from a Consumer Credit Marketing Field Experiment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bertrand,   Marianne; Karlan,   Dean S.; Mullainathan,   Sendhil; Shafir,   Eldar; Zinman,   Jonathan.
Firms spend billions of dollars each year advertising consumer products in order to influence demand. Much of these outlays are on the creative design of advertising content. Creative content often uses nuances of presentation and framing that have large effects on consumer decision making in laboratory studies. But there is little field evidence on the effect of advertising content as it compares in magnitude to the effect of price. We analyze a direct mail field experiment in South Africa implemented by a consumer lender that randomized creative content and loan price simultaneously. We find that content has significant effects on demand. There is also some evidence that the magnitude of content sensitivity is large relative to price sensitivity....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economics of advertising; Economics &amp; psychology; Behavioral; Economics; Cues; Microfinance; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Marketing; D01; M31; M37; C93; D12; D14; D21; D81; D91; O12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47038

Does Scarcity Exacerbate the Tragedy of the Commons? Evidence from Fishers’ Experimental Responses
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maldonado,   Jorge Higinio; Moreno-Sanchez,   Rocio del Pilar.
Economic Experimental Games (EEGs), focused to analyze dilemmas associated with the use of common pool resources, have shown that individuals make extraction decisions that deviate from the suboptimal Nash equilibrium. However, few studies have analyzed whether these deviations towards the social optimum are affected as the stock of resource changes. Performing EEG with local fishermen, we test the hypothesis that the behavior of participants differs under a situation of abundance versus one of scarcity. Our findings show that under a situation of scarcity, players over-extract a given resource, and thus make decisions above the Nash equilibrium; in doing so, they obtain less profit, mine the others-regarding interest, and exacerbate the tragedy of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Tragedy of the commons intensified; Economic experimental games; Resource abundance; Resource scarcity; Dynamic effects; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Public Economics; D01; D02; D03; O13; O54; Q01; Q22; C93; C72; C73; C23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91170

How appropriate are myopic optimization models to predict decision behaviour: A comparison between agent-based models and business management games
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Appel,   Franziska; Musshoff,   Oliver.
Agent-based models (ABM) are used in many cases of policy assessment in agriculture. But the behavioural assumptions of these models consider farmers as myopic optimizing profit maximizers. In this contribution we compare the behaviour of myopic computer agents with the behaviour of students playing a multi period business management game. We aim to answer the question, how far are agent-based models valid to map “real” human behaviour, so that ABM can be used well for policy impact assessment.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agent-based models; Business management games; Policy impact analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C63; C93; D22; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115994

Tying Odysseus to the Mast: Evidence from a Commitment Savings Product in the Philippines
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ashraf,   Nava; Karlan,   Dean S.; Yin,   Wesley.
We designed a commitment savings product for a Philippine bank and implemented it using a randomized control methodology. The savings product was intended for individuals who want to commit now to restrict access to their savings, and who were sophisticated enough to engage in such a mechanism. We conducted a baseline survey on 1777 existing or former clients of a bank. One month later, we offered the commitment product to a randomly chosen subset of 710 clients; 202 (28.4 percent) accepted the offer and opened the account. In the baseline survey, we asked hypothetical time discounting questions. Women who exhibited a lower discount rate for future relative to current tradeoffs, and hence potentially have a preference for commitment, were indeed...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Savings; Commitment; Hyperbolic preferences; Microfinance; Development economics; Program evaluation; Field experiment; Self-control; Financial Economics; C93; D01; D11; D12; D14; D81; D91; G11; O12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28411

Comparing the Effectiveness of Regulation and Pro-Social Emotions to Enhance Cooperation: Experimental Evidence from Fishing Communities in Colombia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Maria Claudia; Murphy,   James J.; Spraggon,   John M.; Stranlund,   John K.
This paper presents the results from a series of framed field experiments conducted in fishing communities off the Caribbean coast of Colombia. The goal is to investigate the relative effectiveness of exogenous regulatory pressure and pro-social emotions in promoting cooperative behavior in a public goods context. The random public revelation of an individual’s contribution and its consequences for the rest of the group leads to significantly higher public good contributions and social welfare than regulatory pressure, even under regulations that are designed to motivate fully efficient contributions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public goods; Field experiments; Pro-social emotions; Social dilemma; Regulation; Enforcement.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C93; H41; Q20; Q28.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53126

Formando microempresarias: impacto de la capacitación empresarial en las instituciones de microfinanzas y sus socias
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karlan,   Dean S.; Valdivia,   Martin.
Los debates académicos y de políticas acerca de la actividad microempresarial se centran frecuentemente en las restricciones crediticias, asumiendo que los negocios se manejan de manera óptima dadas esas y otras restricciones. Los microempresarios, sin embargo, raramente tienen capacitación formal en gestión empresarial. Por su parte, un número creciente de instituciones de microfinanzas (IMF), en el Perú y el mundo, procura construir el capital humano de estos microempresarios para mejorar sus niveles de vida, contribuyendo a su misión de reducir la pobreza. Con ayuda de un diseño experimental, en este estudio medimos el impacto marginal de agregar un componente de capacitación en gestión empresarial a un programa de servicios financieros que atiende a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Microempresarios; Microfinanzas; Pequeñas empresas; Mujeres; Capacitacion; Small enterprises; Training; Women; Peru; Financial Economics; C93; D12; D13; D21; I21; J24; O12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91358

What's Psychology Worth? A Field Experiment in the Consumer Credit Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bertrand,   Marianne; Karlan,   Dean S.; Mullainathan,   Sendhil; Shafir,   Eldar; Zinman,   Jonathan.
Numerous laboratory studies report on behaviors inconsistent with rational economic models. How much do these inconsistencies matter in natural settings, when consumers make large, real decisions and have the opportunity to learn from experiences? We report on a field experiment designed to address this question. Incumbent clients of a lender in South Africa were sent letters offering them large, short-term loans at randomly chosen interest rates. Psychological “features” on the letter, which did not affect offer terms or economic content, were also independently randomized. Consistent with standard economics, the interest rate significantly affected loan take-up. Inconsistent with standard economics, the psychological features also significantly affected...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Behavioral economics; Psychology; Microfinance; Marketing; Field experiment; Credit markets; Consumer/Household Economics; D01; C93; D12; D21; D81; D91; M37; O12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28441

Can Information Costs Affect Consumer Choice?—Nutritional Labels in a Supermarket Experiment—
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kiesel,   Kristin; Villas-Boas,   Sofia Berto.
This paper investigates whether information costs under currently regulated nutritional labeling prevent consumers from making healthier food choices. We implement five nutritional shelf label treatments in a market-level experiment. These labels reduce information costs by highlighting and summarizing information available on the Nutritional Facts Panel. Following a difference-in-differences and synthetic control method approach, we analyze weekly store-level scanner data for microwave popcorn purchases from treatment and control stores. Our results suggest that consumer purchases are affected by information costs. Implemented low calorie and no trans fat labels increase sales. In contrast, implemented low fat labels decrease sales, suggesting that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nutritional labeling; Information cost; Scanner data; Market-level experiment; Difference-in-differences; Synthetic control method; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; C93; D01; D18; D83; L51.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116433

Eliciting Risk Preferences: A Field Experiment on a Sample of French Farmers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bougherara,   Douadia; Gassmann,   Xavier; Piet,   Laurent.
We designed a field experiment involving real payments to elicit farmers’ risk preferences. Farmers are a very interesting sample to study since risk has always played an important role in agricultural producers’ decisions. Besides, European farmers may face more risky situations in the future. In this context, it is very important for any economic analysis focusing on agriculture to correctly assess farmers’ behaviour in the face of different sources of risk. We test for two descriptions of farmers’ behaviour: expected utility and cumulative prospect theory. We use two elicitation methods based on the procedures of Holt and Laury (2002) and Tanaka et al. (2010) on a sample of 30 French farmers. The experiment consists in asking subjects to make series of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Risk Attitudes; Field Experiment; Farming; Risk and Uncertainty; C93; D81; Q10.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114266

The "more is less" phenomenon in Contingent and Inferred valuation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stachtiaris,   Spiros; Drichoutis,   Andreas C.; Klonaris,   Stathis.
2011) using the Contingent valuation (CV) as well as the Inferred valuation (IV) method (Lusk and Norwood 2009b). We find that when moving in the context of a familiar market for consumers (i.e., the food market) we only observe weak effects of inconsistencies. In addition, we find that the IV method is no better (and no worse) than the CV method in generating more consistent preference orderings. Surprisingly, we also find that the IV method generates higher valuations than CV, rendering one of its advantages of mitigating social desirability bias questionable.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Willingness-to-pay (WTP); Contingent Valuation (CV); Inferred Valuation(IV); Preference reversals; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C9; C93; D12; Q51.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116013

None-of-These Bias in Stated Choice Experiments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alfnes,   Frode; Steine,   Gro.
We conduct a within-sample test of hypothetical bias and parameter equality between a hypothetical stated choice (SC) experiment using pictures and a real choice (RC) experiments using products. With exception of the none-of-these alternative-specific dummy, we cannot reject parameter equality between the two datasets. However, when we estimate the models separately with no parameter restrictions, the SC experiment gave WTP estimates that were approximately 50 percent higher and marginal WTP estimates that were almost two times as high as the corresponding estimates from the RC experiment. However, even though the monetary value of the WTP disparity was large, the disparity between the WTP estimates from the two data sets was not statistically significant.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Choice experiment; Hypothetical bias; Color; Mixed logit; Salmon; Willingness to pay; Consumer/Household Economics; C81; C93; D12; Q22.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24761

Does Limited Access at School Result in Compensation at Home? The Effect of Soft Drink Bans in Schools on Purchase Patterns Outside of Schools
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huang,   Rui; Kristin,   Kiesel.
This paper investigates the effects of banning soft drinks in schools on purchases outside of school. We utilize unique household-level and store-level data sources in combination with time-series and cross-sectional variation of state-level regulations in a difference-in-differences (DD) approach. We detect a decrease in the overall trend in sales, but observe this downward trend in households with and without children, as well as in states with and without regulation. Controlling for advertising allows us to further reject that leading brands intensify their advertising efforts and target children to potentially offset their reduced presence at schools. Finally, we find no evidence of substitution effects among possible beverage product alternatives. Our...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Soft drink bans; Soft drink consumption; Scanner data; Schools; Regulation; Difference-in-differences; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; D12; D18; L51; C93.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116417

Do Natural Disasters Affect Trust/Trustworthiness? Evidence from the 2010 Chilean Earthquake
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fleming,   David A.; Chong,   Alberto E.; Bejarano,   Hernan D.
A series of trust games were conducted in Chile to analyze whether the past 2010 earthquake affected trust and trustworthiness in rural communities. Results show that trust levels are invariant between villages affected by the earthquake and villages not affected by this shock (control group). However, we find statistical evidence that trustworthiness has diminished  in areas affected by the earthquake. Results are relevant for policy regarding aid and recovery of communities affected by these types of disasters.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trust games; Natural disasters; Trustworthiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; C93; O13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104522

Group versus Individual Liability: Long Term Evidence from Philippine Microcredit Lending Groups
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gine,   Xavier; Karlan,   Dean S.
Group liability in microcredit purports to improve repayment rates through peer screening, monitoring, and enforcement. However, it may create excessive pressure, and discourage reliable clients from borrowing. Two randomized trials tested the overall effect, as well as specific mechanisms. The first removed group liability from pre-existing groups and the second randomly assigned villages to either group or individual liability loans. In both, groups still held weekly meetings. We find no increase in default and larger groups after three years in pre-existing areas, and no change in default but fewer groups created after two years in the expansion areas.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Microfinance; Group lending; Group liability; Joint liability; Social capital; Microenterprises; Informal economies; Access to finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Financial Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; C93; D71; D82; D91; G21; O12; O16; O17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50951

Buying Time: Real and Hypothetical Offers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   V. Kerry; Mansfield,   Carol.
This paper provides the results of a field test of contingent valuation estimates within a willingness to accept framework. Using dichotomous choice questions in telephone mail-telephone interviews, we compare responses to real and hypothetical offers to survey respondents for the opportunity to spend time in a second set of interviews on an undisclosed topic. Five hundred and forty people were randomly split between the real and hypothetical treatments. Our findings indicate no significant differences between people's choices with real and hypothetical offers. Choice models indicate the size of the offer and income were significant determinants of respondents' decisions, and these models were not significantly different between real and hypothetical offers.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Contingent value; Real and hypothetical offer; Willingness to accept; Experiment; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; C93; D12; Q2.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10719

Short on Shots: Can Calls on Self-Restraint be Effective in Managing the Scarcity of a Vital Good?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Janvry,   Alain; Sadoulet,   Elisabeth; Villas-Boas,   Sofia Berto.
This paper has two objectives. The first is to analyze the effectiveness of the scarcity management strategy used for the Fall 2004 U.S. flu vaccine shortage, based on defining priority groups and calling on self-restraint to favor these groups. The second is to reveal differentiated behavioral responses across categories of individuals and the apparent motivations behind these responses. To do this, we observed the responses of the members of a campus population to two distinct randomized treatments in a designed field experiment during the flu vaccine shortage. Corresponding to the management strategy followed by the Center for Disease Control, one treatment provided information about a sharply reduced number of vaccination clinics (scarcity) and their...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Randomized experiment; Shortage; Self-restraint; Cheating; Health Economics and Policy; C93.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7162

You Can Pick Your Friends, But You Need to Watch Them: Loan Screening and Enforcement in a Referrals Field Experiment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bryan,   Gharad; Karlan,   Dean S.; Zinman,   Jonathan.
We examine a randomized trial that allows separate identification of peer screening and enforcement of credit contracts. A South African microlender offered half its clients a bonus for referring a friend who repaid a loan. For the remaining clients, the bonus was conditional on loan approval. After approval, the repayment incentive was removed from half the referrers in the first group and added for half those in the second. We find large enforcement effects, a $12 (100 Rand) incentive reduced default by 10 percentage points from a base of 20%. In contrast, we find no evidence of screening.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Information asymmetries; Credit market failures; Peer networks; Social capital; Social networks; Consumer/Household Economics; Financial Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; C93; D12; D14; D82; O12; O16.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121674

Analyzing pork purchases at the point of sale – The role of consumer involvement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grebitus,   Carola; Colson,   Gregory; Menapace,   Luisa.
Involvement is an important psychological construct for understanding consumers’ underlying purchase decision process and those factors that shape product perceptions. In order to better understand consumer purchase behavior for low and high priced pork cuts, a series of field interviews at a variety of food retailers were conducted with actual pork shoppers using the New Involvement Profile (NIP) developed by Jain and Srinivasan (1990). In addition to responses to a series of questions designed to assess consumers’ involvement when purchasing pork, informational elements including socio-demographic information and pork attributes (e.g., origin, advertisement, on sale) were also included in the analysis. Key results from the study show individuals with...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pork; Purchase behavior; Consumer involvement; Point of sale; Agribusiness; Consumer/Household Economics; Marketing; C93; D12; Q13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103401

Motives for sharing in social networks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ligon,   Ethan; Schechter,   Laura.
What motivates people in rural villages to share? We first elicit a baseline level of sharing using a standard, anonymous dictator game. Then using variants of the dictator game that allow for either revealing the dictator's identity or allowing the dictator to choose the recipient, we attribute variation in sharing to three different   motives. The first of these, directed altruism, is related to preferences, while the remaining two are incentive-related (sanctions and reciprocity). We observe high average levels of sharing in our baseline treatment, while variation across individuals depends importantly on the incentive-related motives. Finally, variation in measured reciprocity within the experiment predicts observed `real-world' gift-giving, while...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Political Economy; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; C92; C93; D03; D64; D85; O17.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120376

Documentation of a multi-topic questionnaire-based survey on sustainable resource use in rural China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jia,   Xiangping; Buchenrieder,   Gertrud.
This Discussion Paper documents a survey conducted in rural China in 2005. A multi-topic survey funded by the Sino-German international Training Program "Sustainable Resource Use in North China", the project covers farm management, land property rights and rural credit access on the North China Plain. From a credit standpoint, this paper covers questionnaire design, sample, survey implementation, data entry, a brief assessment of the overall experience, as well as lessons drawn.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Questionnaire; Survey; Credit access; Household model; Categorical variables; Stata.; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C81; C93; D19.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90856

Households’ WTP for the Reliability of Gas Supply
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chou,   Wan-Jung; Bigano,   Andrea; Hunt,   Alistair; La Branche,   Stephane; Markandya,   Anil; Pierfederici,   Roberta.
The security of natural gas supply is an important issue for all EU countries due to the region’s heavy dependence on imported supply sources and in light of energy demand for gas that is continuously increasing. Discussions have emphasised strategies for securing the supply at the macro level, e.g. diversification in supply sources, increase in storage capacity, etc. By contrast, consumers’ demand for the reliability of gas supply is rarely investigated. Hence this study was conducted to examine the economic implications associated with the security of gas supply directly to domestic consumers. Based on the choice experiment approach, household surveys were conducted in France, Italy and the UK. The results confirmed that the degree of the economic impact...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Energy Security; Gas Supply; Households; Willingness to Pay; Choice Experiment; EU; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C35; C83; C93; D12; Q41.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115740

Group versus Individual Liability: Long Term Evidence from Philippine Microcredit Lending Groups
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gine,   Xavier; Karlan,   Dean.
Group liability in microcredit purports to improve repayment rates through peer screening, monitoring, and enforcement.  However, it may create excessive pressure, and discourage reliable clients from borrowing. Two randomized trials tested the overall effect, as well as specific mechanisms.  The first removed group liability from pre-existing groups and the second randomly assigned villages to either group or individual liability loans. In both, groups still held weekly meetings. We find no increase in default and larger groups after three years in pre-existing areas, and no change in default but fewer groups created after two years in the expansion areas.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Microfinance; Group lending; Group liability; Joint liability; Social capital; Micro-enterprises; Informal economies; Access to finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Financial Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; C93; D71; D82; D91; G21; O12; O16; O17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/229136

Ecosystem Services Beyond Valuation, Regulation and Philanthropy: Integrating Consumer Values into the Economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swallow,   Stephen K.; Smith,   Elizabeth C.; Uchida,   Emi; Anderson,   Christopher M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Markets; Ecosystem Service Markets; Payment For Ecosystem Services; Incentives; Nature's Services; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q20; Q57; C93; H41.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94656

Monte Carlo Benchmarks for Discrete Response Valuation Methods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huang,   Ju-Chin; Smith,   V. Kerry.
This paper argues that the widespread belief that discrete contingent valuation (CV) questions yield substantially larger estimates of the mean (and the median) willingness to pay (WTP) for nonmarket environmental resources in comparison to estimates from open-ended CV questions is unfounded. A set of Monte Carlo experiments estimate the factors influencing the performance of WTP estimates based on discrete response models. Most of the error in the WTP estimates arises from the specification errors that are common in most of the empirical models used in the literature. These experiments suggest models based on choices where WTP is dominated by non use (or passive use) values are likely to have smaller errors than where large use values influence these...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Discrete response contingent valuation; Monte Carlo; Non-market valuation; Financial Economics; C93; D12; Q2.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10546

Problem Solving and Hypothesis Testing Using Economic Experiments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hudson,   Darren.
The roots and uses of economic experiments in problem solving and hypothesis testing are explored in the present article.  The literature suggests that the primary advantage of economics experiments is the ability to use controlled stimuli to test economic hypotheses.  Other literature also suggests that experiments are useful in problem solving settings.  The advantages and disadvantages of experiments are discussed.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Experiments; Problem solving; Hypothesis testing; C81; C91; C92; C93.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43209

Risk Preferences and Demand for Insurance in Peru: A Field Experiment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Galarza,   Francisco B.; Carter,   Michael R.
This paper reports the results of behavioral economic experiments conducted in Peru to examine the relationship amongst risk preferences, loan take-up, and insurance purchase decisions. This area-based yield insurance can help reduce people's vulnerability to large scale covariate shocks, and can also lower the loan default probability under extreme negative covariate shocks. In a context of collateralized formal credit markets, we provide suggestive evidence that insurance may help reduce the fear of losing collateral that prevents potential borrowers from taking loans. Framing these experiments to recreate a real life situation, we started with a Baseline Game where subjects had to choose between a fallback production project and an uninsured loan. We...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Area-yield insurance; Credit; Covariate risk; Idiosyncratic risk; Risk aversion; Experimental economics; Peru; Risk and Uncertainty; C93; D81.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61871

Are Consumers in Developing Countries Willing-to-Pay More for Micronutrient-Dense Biofortified Foods? Evidence from a Field Experiment in Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chowdhury,   Shyamal K.; Meenakshi,   J.V.; Tomlins,   Keith; Owori,   Constance.
Vitamin A deficiency is a major health problem in Africa and in many other developing countries. Biofortified staple crops that are high in pro vitamins A and adapted to local growing environment have the potential to reduce the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency. One such example is the orange-fleshed sweetpotato. However because of its distinctive orange color, which is in contrast to the white varieties that are typically consumed in Africa, it is important to assess whether consumers will accept it.  It is this question that this paper attempts to address, using a choice experiment with the real product to quantify the magnitude of the premium or discount  in consumers’ willingness to pay that may be associated with it.  In addition, it also considers...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cheap talk; Field experiments; Hypothetical bias; Conjoint analysis; Universal logit; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; C35; C93; D 83; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49945

Natural Experiment Evidence on Whether Selection Bias Overstates the Gains from Migration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gibson,   John; McKenzie,   David; Rohorua,   Halahingano; Stillman,   Steven.
Migration of workers from developing to developed countries and the resulting remittance flows are important development policies. World Bank calculations show that restrictions on international migration have larger welfare costs than the more widely studied restrictions on international trade. But estimated gains from migration may be affected by selection bias, with differences in outcomes for migrants and non-migrants reflecting unobserved differences in ability, skills, and motivation, rather than the act of moving itself. This poster illustrates this selection bias in commonly used statistical corrections for nonrandom selection. A unique survey conducted by the authors of Tongan migrants in New Zealand, and of non-migrants in Tonga is used. New...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Migration; Selection; Natural Experiment; Labor and Human Capital; 015; J61; F22; C93.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25704

Contract farming and smallholder incentives to produce high quality: experimental evidence from the Vietnamese dairy sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saenger,   Christoph; Qaim,   Matin; Torero,   Maximo; Viceisza,   Angelino.
In emerging markets for high-value food products in developing countries, processing companies search for efficient ways to source raw material of consistent quality. One widely embraced approach is contract farming. But relatively little is known about the appropriate design of contracts, especially in a small farm context. We use the example of the Vietnamese dairy sector to analyze the effectiveness of existing contracts between a processor and smallholder farmers in terms of incentivizing the production of high quality milk. A framed field experiment is conducted to evaluate the impact of two incentive instruments, a price penalty for low quality and a bonus for consistent high quality milk, on farmers’ investment in quality-improving inputs....
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Community/rural/urban development; Institutional and behavioral economics; Demand and price analysis; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; C93; D22; L14; O13; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122614

Does Government Regulation Complement Existing Community Efforts to Support Cooperation? Evidence from Field Experiments in Colombia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Maria Claudia; Murphy,   James J.; Spraggon,   John M.; Stranlund,   John K.
In this paper we describe a field experiment conducted among mollusk harvesters in a community on the Pacific Coast of Columbia.  The experiment is based on a standard linear public good and consists of two stages.  In the first stage we compare the ability of monetary and nonmonetary sanctions among community members to increase contributions to the public good.  In the second stage we add a government regulation with either a high or low sanction for noncompliance to community enforcement efforts. The results for the first stage are consistent with other comparisons of monetary and nonmonetary sanctions within groups; both led to higher contributions. The results from the second stage reveal that government regulations always complemented community...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Field experiments; Public goods; Government regulation; Community enforcement; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Public Economics; C93; H41; Q2.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42128

Adaptive Experimental Design Using the Propensity Score
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hahn,   Jinyong; Hirano,   Keisuke; Karlan,   Dean S.
Many social experiments are run in multiple waves, or are replications of earlier social experiments. In principle, the sampling design can be modified in later stages or replications to allow for more efficient estimation of causal effects. We consider the design of a two-stage experiment for estimating an average treatment effect, when covariate information is available for experimental subjects. We use data from the first stage to choose a conditional treatment assignment rule for units in the second stage of the experiment. This amounts to choosing the propensity score, the conditional probability of treatment given covariates. We propose to select the propensity score to minimize the asymptotic variance bound for estimating the average treatment...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Experimental design; Propensity score; Efficiency bound; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C1; C14; C9; C93; C13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47107

Choosing a Cigarette Brand:  Determining the Value of Countermarketing Information to Smokers Using Field Auctions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rousu,   Matthew C.; Nonnemaker,   James; Farrelly,   Matthew.
Information about cigarettes can help smokers come to an informed decision about what cigarettes to purchase. Countermarketing information can help smokers make informed decisions, but little is known about the value of this information to smokers. In this article, we use data from experimental auctions to estimate the value of countermarketing information that counters industry claims about reduced-risk cigarettes. We find that this information has significant value to smokers who have been exposed to marketing information from tobacco companies touting reduced-risk cigarettes, but we find no evidence it provides value to smokers not exposed to this marketing information.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Experimental auctions; Field experiments; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; C93; M31.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117944