Consulta: subjectFacets:"Competitive exclusion"
Registros recuperados: 13
Data/hora: 01/06/2024 06:06:06

Evolutionary trends in onshore-offshore distribution patterns of mushroom coral species (Scleractinia: Fungiidae)
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Hoeksema, B.W.
A phylogenetically based comparative analysis of onshore-offshore distribution patterns of mushroom coral species (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) was made to reconstruct an evolutionary scenario for differentiation in fungiid shelf habitats. This phyloecological study integrates data on fungiid distribution patterns along environmental gradients on the Spermonde Shelf, SW Sulawesi, with a recently published phylogeny reconstruction of the Fungiidae. A mushroom coral fauna of 34 species was used to compare their distributions by use of 50-m2 belt quadrats in transects (1) from the mainland to the shelf edge, (2) around reefs with regard to predominant wind directions, and (3) over bathymetrical reef zones. Species association ordinations were made for each of the...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Competitive exclusion; Ecophylogenetics; Environmental gradients; Habitat partitioning; Niche differentiation; Phylogenetic ecology; 42.72.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/433355

Present status of remnant forests in Obihro, eastern Hokkaido, Japan
Provedor de dados: 19
Autores: Konno, Yasuo; 紺野, 康夫.
2002年8月29日とかちプラザで開催､日本ユネスコ国内委員会主催の帯広農村開発教育国際セミナー(OASERD)国際連合ユネスコアジア太平洋地域教育開発計画事業(APEID)シンポジウム「地球にやさしい農業をめざして : 森林保護と持続的農業」講演資料
Palavras-chave: Landscape change; Remnant forest; Competitive exclusion; Fail of seed set.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/1908

LAYERS '99, PART I: REFERENCE OF 1999 TABLE EGG LAYER MANAGEMENT IN THE U.S.
Provedor de dados: 31
The National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) is sponsored by the USDA:APHIS:Veterinary Services (VS). The NAHMS Layers '99 Study was designed to provide information about the nation's layer population for education and research purposes. The USDA's National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) collaborated with VS to select a statistically-valid sample from 15 states for Layers '99. The 15-state target population accounted for over three-quarters of the table egg layers in the U.S. as of December 1, 1998. The study was limited to companies with 30,000 or more layers. While the majority of farm sites were contract farms (61.0 percent), the majority of birds were located on company owned farms (72.6 percent), indicating that company owned farms...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: NAHMS; Layer; Layers; Poultry; Pullet; Flock; Egg; Table egg; Lay; Molt; Cage; Contract farm; Coccidiosis; Newcastle disease; Infectious bronchitis; Salmonella enteritidis; S.e.; Competitive exclusion; Laryngotracheitis; LT; Mycoplasma gallisep; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32757

Organic acids and/or compound with defined microorganisms to control Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis experimental infection in chickens
Provedor de dados: 89
Autores: Sterzo,EV; Paiva,JB; Mesquita,AL; Freitas Neto,OC; Berchieri Jr,A.
The association of human foodborne salmonellosis with poultry products enhanced the efforts to control Salmonella Enteritidis in poultry farms. Dietary organic acid supplementation is one of the measures currently used to reduce the presence of undesirable microorganisms. Another method to control enteric Salmonella in poultry is competitive exclusion using defined or undefined microorganisms products. Organic acids and microbiological methods to accelerate the development of the intestinal microbiota can be used individually or in combination. The present study evaluated the effect of dietary supplementation of an acidifier and of a defined multi-strain microbial mixture (Biomin® PoultryStar) via drinking water in the control of the intestinal...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Competitive exclusion; Organic acids; Probiotic; Salmonella Enteritidis.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2007000100010

Evaluation of a Probiotic and a Competitive Exclusion Product Inoculated In Ovo on Broiler Chickens Challenged with Salmonella Heidelberg
Provedor de dados: 89
Autores: Silva,IGO; Vellano,IHB; Moraes,AC; Lee,IM; Alvarenga,B; Milbradt,EL; Hataka,A; Okamoto,AS; Andreatti Filho,RL.
ABSTRACT The present study evaluated a probiotic and a competitive exclusion product injected in ovo on day 18 of incubation together with Marek's disease vaccine in eggs of 56-week-old broiler breeders. Three experiments were carried out. The first trial evaluated the effect of treatments on hatchability, cecal colonization of Salmonella Heidelberg (SH), and intestinal mucosa immunity (immunoglobulin A levels in the intestinal fluid). The second trial evaluated the viability of the microorganisms in the products inoculated in a solution containing diluent and Marek's disease vaccine. The third trial evaluated the colonization of the cecal microbiota in non-challenged chickens during first four days of life by culturing cecal samples under aerobic and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Chickens; Competitive exclusion; In-ovo inoculation; Probiotic; Salmonella Heidelberg.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2017000100019

Time required to protect the intestinal tract of chicks against Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis using competitive exclusion
Provedor de dados: 89
Autores: Sterzo,EV; Paiva,JB; Penha Filho,RAC; Berchieri Junior,A.
Competitive exclusion (CE) has been designed to accelerate the colonization of the alimentary tract of young commercial birds and it has been also used to repopulate the digestive tract after antibiotic therapy. The method has been successfully adopted as a means to prevent enteric salmonellosis. The present study was carried out to evaluate if CE is able to prevent this kind of infection. Newly hatched chicks were given a CE culture and at different intervals of time birds infected with Salmonella Enteritidis were placed together with the group of treated birds. CE culture was prepared from feces of adult laying hens incubated overnight at 37C under aerobic conditions. Birds were killed 4 and 8 days after challenge and viable counts of Salmonella...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Competitive exclusion; Effectiveness; Salmonella Enteritidis.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2005000200009

Use of Organic Acids and A Competitive Exclusion Product as Growth Promoter and Salmonella Enteritidis Control in Commercial Turkeys
Provedor de dados: 89
Autores: Milbradt,EL; Okamoto,AS; Padovani,CR; Fascina,VB; Silva,TM; Altarúgio,R; Hataka,A; Schmidt,EMS; Andreatti Filho,RL.
ABSTRACT It is estimated that Salmonella causes one million illnesses in the United States annually, with 19,000 hospitalizations and 380 deaths. There are various serotypes of this bacterium, and the serotypes Typhimurium and Enteritidis are commonly isolated from outbreaks and, in most cases, present resistance to the antibiotics utilized in clinical medicine. One of the current theories to explain the emergence of bacterial resistance is the continuous use of antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feeds. Despite the lack of evidences that antibiotic growth promoters cause bacterial resistance, the poultry industry has explored strategies to reduce or to eliminate the use of antibiotic growth promoters in the production chain, including the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Commercial turkey; Competitive exclusion; Organic acid; Salmonella Enteritidis.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2017000400551

The Effect of Serial Culture and Storage on the Protective Potential of a Competitive Exclusion Preparation
Provedor de dados: 89
Autores: Almeida,WAF; Berchieri Junior,A; Barrow,PA.
The competitive exclusion method (EC) was used to protect day-old birds against colonisation of the intestinal tract by Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE). The culture prepared in nutrient broth incubated at 37ºC/24 h inhibited SE growth in the caecal contents. The beneficial effect was also observed after serial passage of the feces culture for up to 14 times. The material obtained after 12 serial sub-cultures after storage for 28 days at 4-6ºC also kept its action on SE.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Aerobic faecal culture; Competitive exclusion; Salmonella Enteritidis.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2002000200006

Microbiota of the cecum, ileum morphometry, pH of the crop and performance of broiler chickens supplemented with probiotics
Provedor de dados: 96
Autores: Fonseca,Belchiolina Beatriz; Beletti,Marcelo Emílio; Silva,Max Siqueira da; Silva,Paulo Lourenço da; Duarte,Ivamario Nahas; Rossi,Daise Aparecida.
It was studied, in this work, the effects of supplementation of probiotics on the performance, on the pH of crop content, on the morphometry of the ileum and on the number of enterobacteria in the cecum of the broilers. Out of the 120 studied birds, 60 belonged to the test group and 60 to the control group. At 1, 7, 12, 18, 23 and 28 days of age, the chickens and rations were weighed and mortality and morbidity were determined. Then, the birds were sacrificed and the pH of the crop content was measured, ileum fragments were collected for morphometric analysis and the enterobacteria in the cecal content were quantified. The mean pH was lower in the group that was given probiotics at 1, 7 and 18 days of age. There were no differences on ration consumption,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Body weights; Competitive exclusion; Enterobacteria; Intestinal villi; Ration.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982010000800018

Uniformity in the basal metabolic rate of marsupials: its causes and consequences
Provedor de dados: 97
Autores: MACNAB,BRIAN K.
Most of the variation (98.8 %) in basal rate of metabolism (BMR) in 70 species of marsupials is correlated with body mass, although lowland species have higher basal rates than highland species and burrowers have lower basal rates than non-burrowers. These factors collectively account for 99.2 % of the variation in marsupial BMR. Marsupials differ in BMR from eutherians by having no species with a high basal rate by general mammalian standards, even when consuming vertebrates or grass, food habits that are associated with very high basal rates in eutherians. The absence of high basal rates in marsupials reflects the absence of a correlation of rate of reproduction with basal rate, a correlation present in eutherians. These differences have two...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Coexistence; Competitive exclusion; Eutherians; Marsupials; Reproduction.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2005000200002

Prevention of Salmonella infection by contact using intestinal flora of adult birds and/or a mixture of organic acids
Provedor de dados: 58
Autores: Oliveira,Gláucia Helaine de; Berchieri Junior,Angelo; Barrow,Paul A.
This study was carried out to assess the ability of competitive exclusion and a mixture of organic acids to prevent Salmonella infection by contact between newly hatched chicks. A bird infected with Salmonella was placed in a box containing non-infected birds, previously treated with a broth culture of faeces of adult birds (CE) and/or a mixture of organic acids. The number of Salmonella organisms in the caeca of the contact birds was estimated at 4 and 8 days post-challenge. The birds were infected with Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis (both repeated 5 times), Salmonella Agona and Salmonella Infantis (3 repetitions). The same approach was used to test the mixture of organic acids alone. In this case the birds received feed containing 0.8% of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Salmonella; Competitive exclusion; Organic acids; By-contact infection; Poultry.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822000000200011

Use of anaerobic cecal microflora, lactose and acetic acid for the protection of broiler chicks against experimental infection with Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis
Provedor de dados: 58
Autores: Andreatti Filho,Raphael Lucio; Silva,Edir Nepomuceno da; Ribeiro,Aldemir Reginato; Kondo,Nancy; Curi,Paulo Roberto.
The effects of treatment with anaerobic cecal microflora (ACM) and/or lactose and/or acetic acid on systemic and digestive tract of broiler chicks infection with Salmonella Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis were studied. ACM was used without previous bacterial identification. Treatment with ACM contributed to the resistance of broiler chicks to infection with Salmonella spp. The infections were more persistent in the cecum, rectum and crops in decreasing order of intensity. The infections were also self-limiting since treated and control lots presented similar infection rates at the end of the experiments. Alone or in combination with lactose, ACM reduced the colonization of the digestive tract of broiler chicks by S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis. The...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Salmonella Typhimurium; S. Enteritidis; Anaerobic cecal microflora; Competitive exclusion; Lactose; Acetic acid; Broiler chicks.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822000000200009

Comparison of experimental competitive-exclusion cultures for controlling Salmonella colonization in broiler chicks
Provedor de dados: 58
Autores: Revolledo,Liliana; Ferreira,Claudete Serrano Astolfi; Ferreira,Antonio José Piantino.
The efficacy of three different types of experimental competitive exclusion (CE-A, CE-B and CE-C) cultures against Salmonella Kedougou (SK) NCTC 12173, resistant to nalidixic-acid resistant (NalR), in one-day-old broiler chicks, in four treatments with three replicates in each treatment, was evaluated. The mean logarithmic counts of Salmonella program of feces were 0.4 L in the group treated with CE-A, derived from the whole cecal contents of an adult bird with a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultures; 1.22 in the group treated with CE-B, containing aerobic bacterial culture; 1.00 in the group treated with CE-C, containing anaerobic bacterial culture; and 6.64 in the control group. The percentage of colonized birds varied from 10% to 26.66% in...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Competitive exclusion; Salmonella; Broiler chicks.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822003000400014