Consulta: subjectFacets:"Conditioning"
Registros recuperados: 17
Data/hora: 07/06/2024 03:51:38

Mechanical properties of castor beans subject to different drying temperatures aiming to disrupt the bean coat
Provedor de dados: 70
Autores: Bastos,Adriano C.; Ferraz,Antonio C. De O.
In castor oil extraction process, the bean coat is abrasive to the equipment and releases substances that modify the oil color, reducing its quality. A potential solution would be to run the extraction by compressing only the endosperm. Due to lack of information, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of forced air drying at 40, 60, 80 and 100 ºC and farmyard drying, in the mechanical properties of the beans, aiming to break the bean coat. Castor beans were subjected to compression tests, in two perpendicular directions, at a strain rate of 0.6 mm.s-1. Average values of force, deformation energy, strain, all at rupture, and stiffness were used to evaluate the effects of dehydration. It was observed that the heat treatments did not alter...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Conditioning; Threshing; Decortication; Compression.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-69162014000100011

Potential further considerations on the conditioning of operating models of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Kimoto, A; Walter, Jf; Sharma, R; Rouyer, Tristan.
ICCAT BFTWG completed the stock assessment using multiple stock assessment methods in 2017, and they are going to proceed with the MSE process: development of MP in 2018. It is well recognized that the performance results of MPs often depend on the design of the OM and its conditioning that capture the range of potential population dynamics. It is therefore critical to consider them carefully before moving to the development of MP, but this has been a monumental task given the complexity of ABFT. The ICCAT GBYP Core modelling group has developed the OM by incorporating the mixing between two stocks, and the trial specifications. However, the 2017 stock assessment raised a number of issues that may require further consideration for the OMs, particularly...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Bluefin tuna; Conditioning; Operating model; Uncertainty; Management procedure; MSE.
Ano: 2019
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00484/59607/62624.pdf

Conséquences à long terme d'une exposition précose à l'hypoxie sur la physiologie du bar européen (Dicentrarchus labrax) et de la sole commune (Solea solea)
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Vanderplancke, Gwenaelle.
The dissolved oxygen in seawater has steadily declined in many coastal marine ecosystems in the last 50 years because of global warming and increasing coastal human activities. This decrease in oxygen in seawater causes episodes of hypoxia increasingly frequent and severe in coastal and estuarine areas. Some organisms may escape these environmental constraints by migration or dispersion. Others, with limited swimming capabilities must implement physiological regulation (phenotypic plasticity) to enable them to adapt and survive. This is particularly the case of marine fish larvae that are likely to be present in coastal nursery at the end of their development. It is now well established that the regulations implemented by organisms to cope with their...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Hypoxie; Conditionnement; Programmation environnementale; Poissons marins; Changement climatique; Oxygène; Dicentrarchus labrax; Solea solea; Marine fish; Climate change; Oxygen; Hypoxia; Conditioning; Environmental programming.
Ano: 2015
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00498/60938/64332.pdf

The selection of an ideal diet for Ostrea edulis (L.) broodstock conditioning (part B)
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Gonzalez-araya, Ricardo; Lebrun, Luc; Quere, Claudie; Robert, Rene.
Four microalgae species (Rhodomonas salina, Thalassiosira weissflogii, Thalassiosira pseudonana and Pavlova lutheri) were evaluated to estimate their potential as food for Ostrea edulis (L.) reproductive conditioning. Best ingestion and absorption were observed with R. salina (3.44 and 1.59 mg g− 1 h− 1, respectively), followed by T. pseudonana (2.75 and 0.98 mg g− 1 h− 1) and P. lutheri (2.40 and 0.91 mg g− 1 h− 1). Oysters fed T. weissflogii exhibited the lowest ingestion and absorption values (1.40 and 0.68 mg g− 1 h− 1). Proximate composition (proteins and carbohydrates) and lipid content (fatty acids and sterols) analysed in four main tissues (gonad, digestive gland, muscle and gills) also differed significantly with diet. Protein ranged from 355 mg...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ostrea edulis; Conditioning; Algal diets; Ingestion; Absorption; Biochemical composition.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00090/20092/17731.pdf

Ecophysiologie de la maturation sexuelle et de la ponte de l'huître creuse Crassostrea gigas : réponses métaboliques (respiration) et alimentaires (filtration, absorption) en fonction des différents stades de maturation
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Soletchnik, Patrick; Razet, Daniel; Geairon, Philippe; Faury, Nicole; Goulletquer, Philippe.
The study of maturation and spawning of the oyster is part of a research program to investigate the summer mortalities of the oysters, Crassostrea gigas in Marennes-Oléron Bay. Four maturity stages were simultaneously obtained by diet and thermal conditioning (immature, low maturation, mature and post-spawning stages). Measurements of clearance, filtration, absorption and respiration rates allowed a calculation of the scope for growth and hence an estimation of the oyster's energetic budget at various maturity stages. Male and female oysters had similar physiological responses. The filtration rate ranged from 2.4 to 2.6 1.h(-1) at the early stages of maturation and decreased to 1.8 1.h.' during the maturity stage. Growth rate resulting from gonad...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Huître; Crassostrea gigas; Conditionnement; Maturation; Filtration; Absorption; Respiration; Oyster; Crassostrea gigas; Conditioning; Maturation; Filtration; Absorption and respiration rates.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1997/publication-3090.pdf

A physiological and biochemical approach to selecting the ideal diet for Ostrea edulis (L.) broodstock conditioning (part A)
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Gonzalez-araya, Ricardo; Queau, Isabelle; Quere, Claudie; Moal, Jeanne; Robert, Rene.
To select the best microalgae for Ostrea edulis conditioning, four single species diets were fed to batches of broodstock, which were then compared using physiological and biochemical approaches. Ingestion and absorption were first studied, showing that Chaetoceros gracilis and Skeletonema marinoï were efficiently ingested (4.9–5.3 mg g−1 h−1) and absorbed (1.9–2.5 mg g−1 h−1) while Tetraselmis suecica led to the lowest physiological responses (0.36 and 0.12 mg g−1 h−1 respectively). When O. edulis were fed any microalgae except T-ISO with only 79 mg g−1, gonads accumulated carbohydrates from 116 to 141 mg g−1 and the extent of accumulation depended on the species supplied in the order T. suecica&lt;C. gracilis&lt;S. marinoï. When oysters were fed either...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ostrea edulis; Conditioning; Algal diets; Ingestion; Absorption; Biochemical composition.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00033/14449/11748.pdf

Production and Abatement Distortions under Noisy Green Taxes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feng,   Hongli; Hennessy,   David A.
Pigouvian taxes are typically imposed in situations where there is imperfect knowledge on the extent of damage caused by a producing firm. A regulator imposing imperfectly informed Pigouvian taxes may cause the firms that should (should not) produce to shut down (produce). In this paper we use a Bayesian information framework to identify optimal signal-conditioned taxes in the presence of such losses. The tax system involves reducing (increasing) taxes on firms identified as causing high (low) damage. Unfortunately, when an abatement decision has to be made, the tax system that minimizes production distortions also dampens the incentive to abate. In the absence of wrong-firm concerns, a regulator can solve the problem by not adjusting taxes for signal...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conditioning; Heterogeneity; Informativeness; Pigouvian tax; Signaling; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18480

Impact of particle size, thermal processing, fat inclusion, and moisture addition on starch gelatinization of broiler feeds
Provedor de dados: 89
Autores: Muramatsu,K; Maiorka,A; Dahlke,F; Lopes,AS; Pasche,M.
The present study evaluated the effect of feed particle size, thermal processing different levels of fat inclusion and of moisture addition on the amount of gelatinized starch in a corn-soybean broiler diet. The different processing factors were combined in a 2 x 4 x 4 x 2 factorial arrangement in a three randomized block design consisting of three production series: two particle sizes (coarse: 1041 microns and medium: 743 microns), four fat inclusion levels at the mixer (15, 25, 35, and 45 g/kg of feed), four moisture addition levels in the conditioner (0, 7, 14, and 21g/kg of feed), and two thermal processing treatments (conditioning-pelleting or conditioning-expanding-pelleting) which resulted in 64 different processed feeds. For the determination of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Conditioning; Expander; Gelatinization; Moisture; Starch; Fat.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2014000400005

Physiological and sanitary quality of maize seeds preconditioned in ozonated water
Provedor de dados: 91
Autores: Maximiano,Christian V.; Carmona,Ricardo; Souza,Nara O. S.; Alencar,Ernandes R. de; Blum,Luiz E. B.
ABSTRACT The technique of controlled hydration of seeds has been used as a method of physiological conditioning to improve their performance in the field. Solution aeration with ozone gas is a promising option in controlling phytopathogens. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the physiological and sanitary quality of maize seeds preconditioned in ozonated water. In the evaluation of the physiological and sanitary quality, maize seeds were submitted to four concentrations of ozone gas (0, 10, 20 and 30 mg L-1) for five soaking periods (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min), with four replicates. Preconditioning maize seeds in ozonated water, followed by natural drying, resulted in a more pronounced initial development of seedlings, measured by means of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Zea mays; Ozonation; Health; Conditioning.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-43662018000500360

Drying soybean seed using air ambient temperature at low relative humidity
Provedor de dados: 95
Autores: Krzyzanowski,Francisco Carlos; West,Sherlie Hill; França Neto,José de Barros.
Under subtropical and tropical environments soybean seed (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) are harvested early to avoid deterioration from weathering. Careful after-harvest drying is required and is an important step in maintaining the physiological quality of the seed. Soybean seed should be harvested when the moisture content is in a range of 16-20%. Traditional drying utilizes a high temperature air stream passed through the seed mass without dehumidification. The drying time is long because the system is inefficient and the high temperature increases the risk of thermal damage to the seed. New technology identified as heat pipe technology (HPT) is available and has the unique feature of removing the moisture from the air stream before it is passed through the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Glycine max; Quality; Vigor; Germination; Conditioning.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-31222006000200010

Drying peanut seed using air ambient temperature at low relative humidity
Provedor de dados: 95
Autores: Krzyzanowski,Francisco Carlos; West,Sherlie Hill; França Neto,José de Barros.
The moisture content of peanut kernel (Arachis hypogaea L.) at digging ranges from 30 to 50% on a wet basis (w.b.). The seed moisture content must be reduced to 10.5% or below before seeds can be graded and marketed. After digging, peanuts are cured on a window sill for two to five days then mechanically separated from the vine. Heated air is used to further dry the peanuts from approximately 18 to 10% moisture content w.b. Drying is required to maintain peanut seed and grain quality. Traditional dryers pass a high temperature and high humidity air stream through the seed mass. The drying time is long because the system is inefficient and the high temperature increases the risk of thermal damage to the kernels. New technology identified as heat pipe...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Arachis hypogaea; Quality; Vigor; Germination; Conditioning.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-31222006000300001

Positive-reinforcement strategies to reduce capture-stress in Capybaras
Provedor de dados: 3
Autores: Rosenfield, Derek Andrew; Pizzutto, Cristiane Schilbach.
Prior to the administration of any anesthetics, capturing the semi-aquatic capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) demands physical restraint, which presents immense challenges. Traditional methods, such as lassoing and traps, are prone to induce acute stress, may result in injury, and can even have fatal outcomes. As part of a larger population control project using contraceptive methods, frequent capture-induced stress and injury may directly affect normal reproductive physiology. Thus, choosing a less stress-inducing method was imperative. In this report, we describe methods of conditioning to enable frequent capture and manipulation, using bait as a positive reinforcement associated with a special click-sound, in a free-ranging population of 40 capybaras....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Animal welfare; Baiting; Conditioning; Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris; Physical restraint; Behavior.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciBiolSci/article/view/45819

Rapidly drying sorghum biomass for potential biofuel production
Provedor de dados: 111
Autores: A.C. Rocateli; Dept. of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Texas 79409 USA; R.L. Raper; Field and Research Services Unit, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma, 74078 USA; B. Olander; Hesston AGCO, Hesston, Kansas, 67062 USA; M. Pruitt; Hesston AGCO, Hesston, Kansas, 67062 USA; E.B. Schwab; USDA-NRCS, Auburn, Alabama, 36830 USA.
The Southern U.S. has an ideal climate that may aid in growing large amounts of biomass suitable for biofuel; however, droughts during the growing season may reduce yields.  Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) may have great potential as an energy crop, because it is capable of high biomass yields and is drought tolerant. However, sorghum biomass has relatively high moisture content and should be conditioned and dried before transported to reduce costs.  Sorghum-sudan hybrid was harvested with two different headers on a self-propelled windrower:  a Massey Ferguson 9145 (sickle) and a Massey Ferguson 9185 (disc).  The disc header was comprised of two pairs (rear front) of metal conditioner rollers which compressed the biomass, thus improving the drying process....
Palavras-chave: Agricultural engineering Moisture; Conditioning; Baling; Windrowers.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/2058

Stimulus specificity in the acquisition and extinction of conditioned taste aversion
Provedor de dados: 48
Autores: VOGEL,EDGAR H; SOTO,FABIÁN A; CASTRO,MARÍA E; SOLAR,PAOLA A.
An experiment evaluated whether the acquisition and extinction of conditioned taste aversion in the rat is stimulus-specific by testing the degree of response transfer between sweet and salty tastes. Animals in the paired-same and paired-different groups received a presentation of a gustatory CS and a cyclophosphamide injection US. Nonconditioned control groups received unpaired CS /US presentations or the CS followed by a vehicle injection. Taste avoidance was evaluated in three nonreinforced test sessions. In the paired-same, unpaired and vehicle groups, all test sessions were conducted with the same flavor as originally used in training, whereas the paired-different group was tested with a novel flavor on the first and second sessions and with the...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Conditioning; Cyclophosphamide; Extinction; Generalization; Stimulus specificity; Taste aversion.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602007000200003

Reinstatement of short-latency responses after asymptotic Pavlovian conditioning training by the presentation of an extraneous stimulus
Provedor de dados: 48
Autores: Vogel,Edgar H.
The purpose of this study was to examine whether the progressive disappearance of short-latency conditioned responses, or inhibition of delay, observed in Pavlovian conditioning with long inter-stimulus intervals, could be reverted by the presentation of a novel stimulus. In one experiment, two groups of rabbits received extensive training with a short (250 ms) or a long (1500 ms) tone that overlapped and terminated with a periorbital shock unconditioned stimulus. After training, the presentation of an extraneous stimulus prior to tone onset produced a reinstatement of short latency CRs in the group trained with the long CS, but did not affect CR latency in the group trained with the short CS. This finding is consistent with Pavlov's (1927) view that...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Inhibition of delay; Conditioning; Temporal discrimination; Eyeblink conditioning; Timing.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602012000100008

Involvement of hippocampal NMDA receptors in retention of shuttle avoidance conditioning in rats
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Roesler,R.; Kuyven,C.R.; Kruel,A.V.S.; Quevedo,J.; Ferreira,M.B.C.
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the role of hippocampal N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in acquisition and consolidation of memory during shuttle avoidance conditioning in rats. Adult male Wistar rats were surgically implanted with cannulae aimed at the CA1 area of the dorsal hippocampus. After recovery from surgery, animals were trained and tested in a shuttle avoidance apparatus (30 trials, 0.5-mA footshock, 24-h training-test interval). Immediately before or immediately after training, animals received a bilateral intrahippocampal 0.5-µl infusion containing 5.0 µg of the NMDA competitive receptor antagonist aminophosphonopentanoic acid (AP5) or vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.4). Infusion duration was 2 min per side....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other
Palavras-chave: NMDA receptor; Hippocampus; Memory; Conditioning; Fear.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X1998001200014

L-histidine enhances learning in stressed zebrafish
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Cofiel,L.P.V.; Mattioli,R.
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of the histaminergic precursor L-histidine and the H3 receptor antagonist thioperamide on the learning process of zebrafish submitted or not to confinement stress. On each of the 5 consecutive days of experiment (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5), animals had to associate an interruption of the aquarium air supply with food offering. Non-stressed zebrafish received an intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg L-histidine, 10 mg/kg thioperamide or saline after training. Stressed animals received drug treatment and then were submitted to confinement stress for 1 h before the learning procedure. Time to approach the feeder was measured (in seconds) and was considered to be indicative of learning. A decrease in time to...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Danio rerio; Conditioning; Feed trial; Thioperamide; H3 receptor; Blood glucose.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2009000100018