Consulta: subjectFacets:"D33"
Registros recuperados: 9
Data/hora: 12/06/2024 05:02:36

Non-farm income diversification of rural farm households in Central and Southeastern Europe: an application of fuzzy set theory
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fritzsch,   Jana; Buchenrieder,   Gertrud; Mollers,   Judith.
A fuzzy logic model for quantifying farm households’ potential for non-farm income diversification is developed and applied to 1,077 farm households in Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Slovenia. About three quarters of households have a diversification potential, but not all households use it. An analysis of diversification potential and diversification behaviour shows that there are seven household types in the sample. Not all development options, i.e. farm development, farm exit, or starting non-farm employment, are equally suitable for all households thus fine targeting of policy measures according to the household type could be important for policy makers.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural development; Non-farm rural employment diversification; Fuzzy logic; Transition countries; Community/Rural/Urban Development; C65; D33; J24; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95321

Technology, Trade, and Income Distribution in West Germany: A Factor-Share Analysis, 1976-1994
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ochsen,   Carsten; Welsch,   Heinz.
This paper examines the determinants of functional income distribution in West Germany. The approach is to estimate a complete system of factor share equations for low-skilled labor, high-skilled labor, capital, energy, and materials, taking account of biased technological progress and increasing trade-orientation. Technological progress is found to reduce the share of low-skilled labor and to raise the share of high-skilled labor. The effect of technology bias on the two labor shares is enhanced by substitution of intermediate inputs for lowskilled labor, which is almost absent in the case of high-skilled labor. Trade-induced changes in the composition of aggregate output tend to mitigate these effects, due to the relatively favorable export performance...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Income shares; Factor substitution; Technological progress; Trade; D33; F16; O30.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37135

Gasto publico en educacion y distribucion del ingreso en el Peru
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rodriguez Gonzalez,   Jose.
El estudio evalúa los efectos que el gasto público en educación ha tenido sobre la distribución del ingreso en el Perú. Las transferencias desde el presupuesto público son analizados revisando el destino del gasto en educación por estratos socioeconómicos, y su impacto de corto plazo en términos de la mejora del ingreso familiar y la modificación de la estructura distributiva.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Educacion publica; Gastos publicos; Distribucion del ingreso; Public education; Public expenditure; Income distribution; Peru; Public Economics; H52; E62; D33.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42248

BLUNT TO SHARPENED RAZOR: INCREMENTAL REFORM AND DISTORTIONS IN THE PRODUCT AND CAPITAL MARKETS IN CHINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Xiaobo; Tan,   Kong-Yam.
A key objective of China's reform program was to reduce distortions in the economic system and enhance growth. However, when implemented in incremental and partial ways, local governments or individuals have chance to capture rents inherent in the reform process. Young (2000) warned that the rent-seeking behavior might lead to increasing market fragmentation. Empirical studies have since shown that this did not happen in the product markets. In this paper we argue that as rents from the product markets were squeezed out during the reform process, rent-seeking behavior shifted to the factor markets, especially the capital and land markets. The reform process now needs to be deepened to ensure that the factor markets also become more integrated and efficient.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Reform; China; Rent Seeking; Factor and Product Market; Transition; International Development; D33; D61; D63; O11; O53; P23.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60183

La política de precios de los combustibles y la distribución del ingreso en el Perú: 1985-1990
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pasco-Font Quevedo,   Alberto; Briceno Lira,   Arturo.
Este documento evalúa los efectos sobre la distribución del ingreso de la política de precios e impuestos a los combustibles aplicada entre julio de 1985 y julio de 1990, período en el cual el gobierno manipuló activamente dichos precios e impuestos para combatir la inflación y mejorar la distribución del ingreso.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Combustibles; Polica de precios; Distribucion del ingreso; Fuels; Price policy; Income distribution; Peru; Political Economy; L71; P22; D33.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42250

THE IMPACT OF ALTERNATIVE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ON GROWTH AND DISTRIBUTION: SIMULATIONS WITH A DYNAMIC MODEL FOR EGYPT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: El-Said,   Moataz; Lofgren,   Hans; Robinson,   Sherman.
Addressing longer-term issues of economic development in Egypt, the paper employs a dynamically recursive computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to assess the outcomes associated with two types of development approaches over the period 1998-2012. One is a targeted sector development approach, and the second is a more broad-based development approach. Under the first development approach technological advancement is separately targeted to three sectors: agriculture, food processing, and textiles. Each sectoral choice is intended to represent alternative development strategies which we label (i) agricultural-demand- led industrialization (ADLI); (ii) food-processing-based (FOOD); and (iii) textile-based industrialization (TEXTILE). Under the second...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Atkinson inequality index; CGE; Egypt; Growth; Income distribution; SAM; Theil index; International Development; C68; D31; D33; D58; O47; O53.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16311

Los activos de los pobres en el Perú
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Escobal D'Angelo,   Javier; Saavedra,   Jaime; Torero,   Maximo.
Tanto la distribución del ingreso como los niveles de pobreza han registrado importantes modificaciones a lo largo de las últimas cuatro décadas en el Perú. Más allá de las diferencias metodológicas asociadas al cálculo de estos indicadores, la evidencia sugiere que en los últimos 40 años se habría reducido la dispersión en la distribución del ingreso. Asimismo, se habría producido una importante reducción en los niveles de pobreza, especialmente durante la década de los setenta. A pesar de ello, la tasa de pobreza continua siendo una de las más altas de América Latina. De otro lado, el análisis de la distribución de activos durante los últimos diez años revela en general una continuación de las tendencias de largo plazo. El nivel educativo medio sigue...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Pobreza; Distribucion del ingreso; Capital humano; Activos fijos; Poverty; Income distribution; Human capital; Fixed assets; Peru; I32; D33.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37815

Changing Factor Income Shares in Agri-Food Industries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Konduru,   Srinivasa; Bjornson,   Bruce.
A concern in the political economy is how national income is shared between labor and capital.  This study evaluates long-term changes in factor income shares in three agri-food industries, their attribution to the level of factor usage or to factor compensation rates, and relation to changes in capital intensity and factor productivity.  We find long-term stability in the profit and labor shares of farm income, decline, in the profit share of agricultural serviced industry income, and increase in the profit share of food manufacturing income due to fewer productivity improvements being passed on to wage increases.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Factor shares; Food; GDP; National income; D33; E25; L66.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43474

Menos desiguales: la distribución del ingreso luego de las reformas estructurales
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jaramillo,   Miguel; Saavedra,   Jaime.
Entre 1997 y 2006 —el periodo posterior a la reforma estructural en Perú— el coeficiente de Gini del ingreso familiar per cápita disminuyó de 0.54 a 0.49. Otros hallazgos claves en el análisis de la evolución reciente de la desigualdad en el Perú son el rol de los ingresos no laborales en la reducción de la desigualdad del ingreso, la identificación de niveles de desigualdad mayores en las zonas urbanas que en las rurales y la disminución más pronunciada de la desigualdad en las zonas urbanas.  Entre los factores que explican la desigualdad es reveladora la importancia del área de residencia (urbana/rural) como protagonista de un rol mucho mayor que el sugerido por estimados para periodos anteriores. Así mismo, se evidencia una dinámica de mercado que ha...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Desigualdad economica; Distribucion del ingreso; Politica social; Politica gubernamental; Mercado de trabajo; Economic disparity; Income distribution; Social policy; Government policy; Labour market; Peru; Labor and Human Capital; Political Economy; D33.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107397