Consulta: subjectFacets:"D61"
Registros recuperados: 45
Data/hora: 15/06/2024 14:20:43

Are Compact Cities Environmentally (and Socially) Desirable?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gaigne,   Carl; Riou,   Stephane; Thisse,   Jacques-Francois.
There is a wide consensus among international institutions and national governments in favor of compact (i.e. densely populated) cities as a way to improve the ecological performance of the transport system. Indeed, when both the intercity and intra-urban distributions of activities are given, a higher population density makes cities more environmentally friendly as the average commuting length is reduced. However, when we account for the possible relocation of activities within and between cities in response to a higher population density, the latter may cease to hold. Because changes in population density affect land rents and wages, firms and workers re-optimize and choose new locations. We show that this may reshape the urban system in a way that...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse gas; Commuting costs; Transport costs; Cities; Environmental Economics and Policy; D61; F12; Q54; Q58; R12.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121692

Modelling the Impact of Compulsory FMD Insurance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jansson,   Torbjorn; Norell,   Bo; Rabinowicz,   Ewa.
This paper compares two ways of financing the combating of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in the EU and uses a simulation model to determine the welfare and production implications of the two systems. The two systems analysed are (i) financing by the tax payers, resembling the system currently in place, and (ii) a compulsory insurance scheme where all costs are converted into regionally differentiated insurance premiums that are paid by the producers. The analysis indicates that welfare gains may be realised by shifting from the former to the latter financing system.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Foot and mouth disease; Insurance scheme; Risk and Uncertainty; D61; Q18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24519

Sustainable Decision-making: The State of the Art from an Economics Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Toman,   Michael.
Government, corporate and other decision makers are more and more often being urged to 'act sustainably' and to pursue policy paths toward 'sustainable development.' However, application of these concepts is hampered by serious interdisciplinary disagreements about the interactions of humans with their environment. Moreover, reducing disagreements about sustainability cannot be achieved solely through an improvement in scientific knowledge. These observations lead me to express skepticism about the capacity of any more or less mechanistic rule, economic, scientific or otherwise, to provide definitive and reliable answers about sustainable policies or conduct. However, there are processes and procedures that can help guide decision-making. I underscore the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sustainable development; Cost-benefit analysis; Intergenerational equity; Multicriteria analysis; Social values; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; A12; A13; B41; D61; D63; H43; Q28.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10602

What's the Rate? Disentangling the Weitzman and the Gollier Effect
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Traeger,   Christian P.
The uncertainty of future economic development affects the term structure of discount rates and, thus, the intertemporal weights that are to be used in cost benefit analysis. The U.K. and France have recently adopted a falling term structure to incorporate uncertainty and the U.S. is considering a similar step. A series of publications discusses the following concern: A seemingly analogous argument used to justify falling discount rates can also be used to justify increasing discount rates. We show that increasing and decreasing discount rates mean different things, can coexist, are created by different channels through which risk affects evaluation, and have the same qualitative effect of making long-term payoffs more attractive.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Benefit cost analysis; Discounting; Term structure; Uncertainty; Weitzman-Gollier puzzle; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; D61; D81; H43; Q54.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121932

Discounting and confidence
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Traeger,   Christian P.
Revision of CUDARE Working Paper 1117 issued June 2011
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Uncertainty; Discounting; Climate change; Ambiguity; Confidence; Subjective beliefs; Prudence; Pessimism; Expected utility; Intertemporal substitutability; Intertemporal risk aversion; Risk and Uncertainty; D61; Q54; D81; D90.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120418

MALMQUIST DEA INDEX ANALYSIS WITH AN ORIENTED OUTPUT APPLIED TO THE FOREST ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN NICARAGUA 1998-2005
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zúniga-González,   Carlos Alberto.
Presented at: NATIONAL AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY OF NICARAGUA, LEON IV AGROFOREST SYMPOSIUM “CONTRIBUTION TO THE AGROFOREST SYSTEM OF SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF THE LAND, FOR MITIGATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION” 05 – 06 NOVEMBER 2009
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Malmquist Index; Technological Change; Technical Efficiency Change; Returns scale efficiency change; Total factors productivity; LSMS-ISA MECOVI; Productivity Analysis; D61; Q12; Q23; R38.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56198

TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF THE PNV UNIT UNAN-LEON USING PRODUCTION FUNCTION STOCHASTIC FRONTIER, 2007-2008
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zúniga-González,   Carlos Alberto.
Presented at:  NATIONAL AUTONOMUOS UNIVERSITY OF NICARAGUA, LEON INVESTIGATION VICERECTOR, POSTPGRADUATE AND SOCIAL PROJECTION 2th SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS ¨THE INVESTIGATION A WAY TO THE KNOWLEGE AND DEVELOPMENT¨ 17 NOVIEMBRE 2009
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Stochastic Frontier Production; Forest Police; LSMS-ISA MECOVI; Technical efficiency; Allocative Efficiency.; Productivity Analysis; D61; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56196

Using Environmental Benefit-Cost Analysis to Improve Government Performance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Farrow,   Scott; Toman,   Michael.
In this paper we first describe the legal and administrative basis of mandates that variously require and eschew economic measures for environmental management. We then summarize the steps involved in benefit-cost analysis and what can and cannot be accomplished with such information. Our basic conclusion is that while the approach is not perfect, benefit-cost analysis has a solid methodological footing and provides a valuable performance measure for an important governmental function, improving the well-being of society. However, benefit-cost analysis requires analytical judgements which, if done poorly, can obfuscate an issue or worse, provide a refuge for scoundrels in the policy debate. We conclude the article with specific suggestions for both the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Benefit-cost analysis; Environmental regulation; Regulatory reform; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; D61; H43.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10598

Prices vs. Quantities in Monopolistic Competition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vetter,   Henrik.
In perfectly competitive markets taxes and quotas are fully equivalent measures for environmental protection.  Based on this regulators' revealed preferences for quotas over that of fees finds its explanation in the procedures and spirits of political decision making.  This paper offers another explanation: Ordinary welfare economic considerations make a quota preferable to a tax when regulating polluting firms in monopolistically competitive markets.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; D61; D62; D43.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24203

Benefit Transfer as Preference Calibration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   V. Kerry; van Houtven,   George; Pattanayak,   Subhrendu K.
This paper proposes and illustrates the use of a new approach to benefit transfer for the non-market valuation of environmental resources. It treats transfer as an identification problem that requires assessing whether available benefit estimates permit the parameters of a preference function to be identified. The transfer method proposed uses these identifying restrictions to calibrate preference parameters and bases the benefit estimates on that preference function. The approach is illustrated using travel cost, hedonic and contingent valuation estimates, as well as combinations of estimates. It has three potential advantages over conventional practice: (1) it allows multiple, potentially overlapping estimates of the benefits of an improvement in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Benefit transfer; Calibration; Non-market valuation; Environmental Economics and Policy; D61; Q20; H40.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10607

Do Environmental Services Buyers Prefer Differentiated Rates? A Case Study from the Colombian Andes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moreno-Sanchez,   Rocio del Pilar; Maldonado,   Jorge Higinio; Wunder,   Sven; Borda,   Carlos Andres.
Flat user fees in payment for environmental services (PES) schemes promote administrative ease, and are sometimes perceived as egalitarian. However, when environmental service (ES) buyers are heterogeneous in their income and water consumption levels, this may not be optimal, as total payments become too low and services are under-supplied. This paper identifies ES buyer preferences and estimates their willingness to pay (WTP) differentiated fees in an ongoing PES initiative in an Andean watershed in Colombia. Small, flat user payments have recently been introduced to implement incipient watershed protection upstream. Environmental service users fall into two highly heterogeneous categories: smallholder peasants and owners of recreational houses. We...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: PES; WTP; Environmental services; Colombia; Watershed protection; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q56; Q25; Q5; Q51; C25; D10; D12; D61; D63.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91171

Les benefices et les couts economiques de l'exploitation des gaz de shale au Quebec
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gonzalez,   Patrick.
Ce texte presente une esquisse des elements quie devrait inclure une analyse couts-benefices de la pertinence de developper la filiere de l'extraction du gaz de shale au Quebec. This article offers a sketch of the components that should include a costs-benefits analysis of developing or not a shale gas industry in Quebec.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Gaz de schiste; Analyse couts-benefices; Quebec; Shale gas; Costs-benefits analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q30; Q34; D61.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120264

BLUNT TO SHARPENED RAZOR: INCREMENTAL REFORM AND DISTORTIONS IN THE PRODUCT AND CAPITAL MARKETS IN CHINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Xiaobo; Tan,   Kong-Yam.
A key objective of China's reform program was to reduce distortions in the economic system and enhance growth. However, when implemented in incremental and partial ways, local governments or individuals have chance to capture rents inherent in the reform process. Young (2000) warned that the rent-seeking behavior might lead to increasing market fragmentation. Empirical studies have since shown that this did not happen in the product markets. In this paper we argue that as rents from the product markets were squeezed out during the reform process, rent-seeking behavior shifted to the factor markets, especially the capital and land markets. The reform process now needs to be deepened to ensure that the factor markets also become more integrated and efficient.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Reform; China; Rent Seeking; Factor and Product Market; Transition; International Development; D33; D61; D63; O11; O53; P23.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60183

Southeastern Peanut-Production Cost Efficiency Under the Quota System:  Implications for the Farm-Level Impacts of the 2002 Farm Act
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nadolnyak,   Denis A.; Fletcher,   Stanley M.; Hartarska,   Valentina M.
In the article, stochastic frontier analysis of peanut-production efficiency in the Southeastern region of the United States is conducted with a view of assessing the likely farm-level impacts of the 2002 Farm Act.  Results indicate that , although quota ownership did not significantly impact inefficiency, it is likely that limitations on the quota’s transferability to areas with better growing conditions were a significant cause of inefficiency.  The acreage shifts and improved yields following the passage of the 2002 Farm Act support this conclusion.  Certain farm characteristics, such as farm size and operator’s education and age, were also important for efficiency.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: 2002 Farm Act; Peanut production; Stochastic cost frontier analysis; Supply management policies; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Q18; D61; Q15; Q12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43762

Regulatory Takings and the Diminution of Value: An Empirical Analysis of Takings and Givings
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Truesdell,   Marie K.; Bergstrom,   John C.; Dorfman,   Jeffrey H.
A hedonic model is used to measure the change in value of residential lots in Rockport, Texas, resulting from Section 404 of the U.S. Clean Water Act. Results show that average lot values initially decreased, went though a six-year adjustment period, and then stabilized on a higher price path resulting in a positive net effect on average lot values throughout the Rockport area (with the exception of a particular subdivision). The results indicate that Section 404 generated both regulatory "takings" and "givings," suggesting that both effects should be considered when assessing the benefits and costs of regulatory events and compensation claims.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Clean Water Act Section 404; Hedonic price method; Interrupted time series; Regulatory takings and givings; Wetlands; Agricultural and Food Policy; C51; D61; R11; R21; Q15.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43791

Benefit-costs analysis of climate-related agricultural investments in Africa: a case study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Branca,   Giacomo; Lipper,   Leslie; Sorrentino,   Alessandro.
Paper removed at the request of the first (corresponding) author.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food security; Adaptation; Mitigation; Benefit-cost analysis; Externalities; Environmental Economics and Policy; D61; D62; H54; O13; Q55.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124109

ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF BANNING SUBTHERAPEUTIC USE OF ANTIBIOTICS IN SWINE PRODUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brorsen,   B. Wade; Lehenbauer,   Terry; Ji,   Dasheng; Connor,   Joseph.
Public health officials and physicians are concerned about possible development of bacterial resistance and potential effects on human health that may be related to the use of antimicrobial agents in livestock feed.  The focus of this research is aimed at determining the economic effects that subtherapeutic bans of antimicrobials would have on both swine producers and consumers.  The results show that a ban on growth promotants for swine would be costly, totaling $242.5 million annually, with swine producers sharing the larger portion in the short run and consumers sharing the larger portion in the long run.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Banning subtherapeutic use; Feed efficiency; Mortality rate; Sort loss; Livestock Production/Industries; Q18; D61.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15078

Output-Based Allocations of Emissions Permits: Efficiency and Distributional Effects in a General Equilibrium Setting with Taxes and Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Carolyn; Fox,   Alan K.
The choice of mechanism for allocating tradable emissions permits has important efficiency and distributional effects when tax and trade distortions are considered. We present different rules for allocating carbon allowances within sectors (lump-sum grandfathering, output-based allocation [OBA], and auctioning) and among sectors (historical emissions and value-added shares). Using a partial equilibrium model, we explore how OBA mitigates price increases, limits incentives for conservation in favor of lowering energy intensity, and changes relative output prices among sectors. We then use a computable general equilibrium model from the Global Trade Analysis Project, modified to incorporate a labor/leisure choice, to compare overall mechanism performance....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Output-based allocation; Tax interaction; Carbon leakage; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q43; H2; D61.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10654

COST EFFICIENCY OF CATFISH FARMS IN CHICOT COUNTY, ARKANSAS: THE IMPACT OF EXTENSION SERVICES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Engle,   Carole R.; Kaliba,   Aloyce R.
Cost efficiency measures of a sample of catfish farms in Chicot County, Arkansas are estimated using a data envelopment analysis technique. A measure of overall efficiency is used to determine operator's characteristics, farm practices, and institutional support services that are likely to lead to higher farm level cost efficiency. Results indicate that live catfish production could increase by 55% using the same level of inputs if all farms were operating at the minimum average cost curve. Higher feeding rate and availability of extension services were associated with increased cost efficiency. Higher stocking density affected overall efficiency negatively. The marginal value of extension contacts in Chicot County was estimated to be $2988.  This study...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Catfish; Cost efficiency; Data envelopment analysis; And extension services; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C14; C24; D61.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34740

Is There a Rationale for Rebating Environmental Levies?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bernard,   Alain; Fischer,   Carolyn; Vielle,   Marc.
Political pressure often exists for rebating environmental levies, particularly when incomplete regulatory coverage allegedly creates an“"unlevel playing field" with other, unregulated firms or industries. This paper assesses the conditions under which rebating environmental levies is justified for the regulated sector. It combines a theoretical approach based on second-best modeling with numerical simulations aimed at determining the most sensitive parameters. We find that if an adequate tax on production can be levied in the unregulated sector, no rebate is justified for the regulated sector. Moreover, even in the case of constrained taxation in the unregulated sector, a tax rebate or a subsidy in the regulated sector is not necessarily a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental levy; Tax rebate; Fiscal distortions; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q43; H2; D61.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10512

ARE FRUIT AND VEGETABLE STAMP POLICIES COST-EFFECTIVE?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Mouzon,   Olivier; Requillart,   Vincent; Soler,   Louis-Georges; Dallongeville,   Jean; Dauchet,   Luc.
In many countries, consumption of fruits and vegetables (F&amp;V) is below recommended levels. We quantify the economic and health effects of F&amp;V stamp policy designed for low income consumers. The analysis combined two models: an economic model which predicts how F&amp;V consumption is affected by a change in policy and a health model which evaluates the impact of a change in F&amp;V consumption in terms of death avoided (DA) and life-years saved (LYS). Finally we computed the costs per DA and LYS as the ratio between the taxpayer cost of the policy and the number of DA and LYS. The main findings of the present study are: (1) F&amp;V stamp policy has a positive and significant impact on the consumption of small F&amp;V consumers of the targeted...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cost-effectiveness analysis; Fruits and Vegetables; Health Impact Assessment; Health Policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; D61; I18; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116416

Controlling Campylabacter in the Chicken Meat Chain: A Cost-Utility Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mangen,   Marie-Josee J.; Havelaar,   Arie H.; Nauta,   Maarten J.; de Koeijer,   Aline A.; de Wit,   G. Ardine.
The aim of this study was the estimation of cost-utility of interventions to control Campylobacter contamination of broiler meat. The relative risk, the intervention costs, the disease burden (expressed in DALYs) and the costs-of-illness for the various interventions were necessary inputs for the cost-utility analysis. The cost-utility is expressed in net costs per reduced DALY. The most cost-effective interventions are: reduction of faeces leakage in the slaughter line and decontamination of the carcass by dipping in a chemical solution. Phage therapy might be another cost-effective intervention, depending on assumed costs/chicken. Irradiation is the most efficient intervention, but the least cost-effective.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food safety; Cost-utility; Disease burden; Campylobacter; Chicken meat; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D61; D81; I18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24763

ANALYSIS OF THE TECHNICAL EFFCIENCY OF THE STOCHASTIC FRONTIER PRODUCTION FUNCTION IN FOREST FARMING NICARAGUA 1998-2005
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zúniga-González,   Carlos Alberto.
Presented at:  UNIVERSITIES NATIONAL COUNCIL III UNVERSITY SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS 41 ANNIVERSARY OF THE CATHOLIC FARMING LIVESTOCK UNIVERSITY OF THE DRY TROPIC ¨UNIVERSITY, SCIENCE AND TECNOLOGY: A STRATEGY FOR CONFRONTING THE NATIONAL GLOBAL CHALLENGE¨ 23 SEPTEMBER 2009
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Stochastic Frontier Production; Forest Police; LSMS-ISA MECOVI; Technical efficiency; Allocative Efficiency.; Productivity Analysis; D61; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56197

Do Antibiotics Reduce Production Risk for U.S. Pork Producers?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Xuanli; Miller,   Gay Y.; McNamara,   Paul E.
We combine econometric and financial analyses of the NAHMS 2000 Swine Survey data to examine whether evidence exists for reducing risk by using antibiotics for growth promotion (AGP) in the U.S. swine industry. A stochastic dominance analysis of alternative lengths of time (days) of AGP application reveals that AGP used in the range of 65—75 days is preferred by risk-averse producers. Risk is reduced and profits are increased from use of AGP. The combined impacts of increased average daily gain and decreased variability in pig live weight increase producer profits by $2.99 per pig marketed.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Antibiotics; Growth promotion; Pigs; Risk; Stochastic dominance; Variability; D21; D61; D81; Q12; R32.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42785

Temporal Reliability of Estimates from Contingent Valuation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carson,   Richard T.; Hanemann,   W. Michael; Kopp,   Raymond J.; Krosnick,   Jon A.; Mitchell,   Robert C.; Presser,   Stanley; Ruud,   Paul A.; Smith,   V. Kerry.
In 1992 the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) convened a panel of prominent social scientists to assess the reliability of natural resource damage estimates derived from contingent valuation (CV). The product of the panel's deliberations was a report that laid out a set of recommended guidelines for CV survey design, administration, and data analysis. This paper focuses on one of these guidelines -- the Panel's call for the "temporal averaging" of willingness-to-pay (WTP) responses obtained from CV surveys as one method for increasing their reliability. The panel suggested: "Time dependent measurement noise should be reduced by averaging across independently drawn samples taken at different points in time. A clear and substantial time...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Natural resource damages; Passive use; Exxon Valdez; Reliability; Environmental Economics and Policy; D60; D61; K32; Q28.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10580

Efficient Emission Fees in the U.S. Electricity Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Banzhaf,   H. Spencer; Burtraw,   Dallas; Palmer,   Karen L.
This paper provides new estimates of efficient emission fees for sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions in the U.S. electricity sector. The estimates are obtained by coupling a detailed simulation model of the U.S. electricity markets with an integrated assessment model that links changes in emissions with atmospheric transport, environmental endpoints, and valuation of impacts. Efficient fees are found by comparing incremental benefits with emission fee levels. National quantity caps that are equivalent to these fees also are computed, and found to approximate caps under consideration in the current multi-pollutant debate in the U.S. Congress and the recent proposals from the Bush administration for the electricity industry. We also...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Emission fees; Air pollution; Cost-benefit analysis; Electricity; Particulates; Nitrogen oxides; NOx; Sulfur dioxide; SO2; Health benefits; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q4; D61.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10505

The Social Discount Rate under Intertemporal Risk Aversion and Ambiguity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Traeger,   Christian P.
The social discount rate crucially determines optimal mitigation policies. This paper examines two shortcomings of the recent debate and the models on climate change assessment. First, removing an implicit assumption of (intertemporal) risk neutrality reduces the growth effect in social discounting and significantly amplifies the importance of risk and correlation. Second, debate and models largely overlook the difference in attitude with respect to risk and with respect to non-risk uncertainty. The paper derives the resulting changes of the risk-free and the stochastic social discount rate and points out the importance of even thin tailed uncertainty for climate change evaluation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ambiguity; Discounting; Expected utility; Intertemporal substitutability; Intertemporal risk aversion; Recursive utility; Risk aversion; Social discount rate; Uncertainty; Political Economy; Risk and Uncertainty; D61; D81; D90; H43; Q00; Q54.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55785

Valuation Methods for Environmental Benefits in Forestry and Watershed Investment Projects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cavatassi,   Romina.
The understatement or omission of the environmental costs and benefits associated with forest management options results in project evaluations and policy prescriptions that are less than socially optimal. The aim of this paper is to examine the full range of costs and benefits associated with forests, distinguishing between how these should, and actually are, included in economic analyses. The paper first describes the economic analysis undertaken in the project evaluation procedure of the World Bank. The second section deals with all costs and benefits that typically occur in forestry projects. Costs and benefits are classified as on-site private, on-site public or global according to their nature and area of impact and according to the Total Economic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic analysis; Forest values; Global environmental benefits; Externalities; Carbon sequestration; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D61; D62; Q51; Q57; O13.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23799

The Environmental Kuznets Curve from Multiple Perspectives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jaeger,   William K.; Kolpin,   Van.
The analysis finds that in addition to U-shaped paths of environmental quality arising for growth in income per capita, growth in population can also produce socially efficient patterns that are U-shaped. Sufficient conditions for both types of paths are identified for a range of models and parameters, including symmetrical models with homothetic, constant-returns functions such as with CES functions. Similar results are also shown to arise in decentralized economies under either homogeneous or heterogeneous income levels.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Kuznets Curve; Economic Growth; Environmental Quality; Q2; D61; O13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36760

The Impact of El Nino on Northeastern Forests: A Case Study on Maple Syrup Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bergeron,   Nancy; Sedjo,   Roger A.
El Nino events are likely to affect maple syrup production since it is very sensitive to weather patterns. A statistically significant direct correlation has not been found in our preliminary analysis, however. This may be because many other factors affect production and because weather anomalies also occur in non-El Nino years. Few defensive activities are available to maple syrup producers to alleviate the negative impacts of weather anomalies on their production. Hence, the value of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forecasts to them is likely to be low, even if a clear correlation between productivity and ENSO events was eventually found. Overall, small welfare impacts of El Nino weather events are expected from their impact on the maple syrup...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: El Nino; Forests; Maple syrup; Economic welfare effects; Dieback; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D61; Q10; Q20; Q23; N5.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10671

Multi-input Multi-output Farm-level Cost Function: A Comparison of Least Squares and Entropy Estimators
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Polome,   Philippe; Fernagut,   Bruno; Harmignie,   Olivier; Frahan,   Bruno Henry de.
We introduce a modification of the quadratic-Leontieff multi-output cost function that is particularly suitable for the data of the Farm Accountancy Data Network. We present least squares and entropy estimates of that function and compare their results for a sample of crop farms. Our results are encouraging for the use of entropy estimators in cases in which farms are not assumed to share the same technology. Our approach can be seen as an extension of the Positive Mathematical Programming approach (Howitt, 1995). The extension consists in an explicit specification of inputs in the cost function and in the possibility of modeling several farms simultaneously.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cost function; Least squares estimator; Entropy estimator; Heterogeneity; Farm Management; C3; D61; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24727

The Market Value of Variable Renewables
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hirth,   Lion.
The income that wind and solar power receive on the market is affected by the variability of their output. At times of high availability of the primary energy source, they supply electricity at zero marginal costs, shift the supply curve (merit-order curve) to the right and thereby reduce the equilibrium price of electricity during that hour. The size of this merit-order effect depends on the amount of installed renewable capacity, the slope of the merit-order curve, and the intertemporal flexibility of the electricity system. Thus the price of wind power falls with higher penetration rates, even if the average electricity price remains constant. This work quantifies the effect of variability on the market value of renewables using a calibrated model of...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Wind Power; Solar Power; Electricity Market; Power Generation Economics; Renewables; Value Factor; Numerical Modelling; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q42; O13; D24; D61.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122021

Measurement of dynamic efficiency, a directional distance function parametric approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Serra,   Teresa; Stefanou,   Spiro E.; Oude Lansink,   Alfons G.J.M.
This research proposes a parametric estimation of the structural dynamic efficiency measures proposed by Silva and Oude Lansink (2009). Overall, technical and allocative efficiency measurements are derived based on a directional distance function and the duality between this function and the optimal value function. The applicability of the parametric proposal is illustrated by assessing dynamic efficiency ratings for a sample of Dutch dairy farms observed from 1995 to 2005.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Structural dynamic efficiency; Dairy farms; Parametric approach; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; D21; D24; D61; D92.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61107

Valuing the Non-Market Impacts of Underground Coal Mining
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gillespie,   Robert; Kragt,   Marit Ellen.
This paper has been published in a peer-reviewed journal as:  Gillespie, R. &amp; M. E. Kragt (2012). "Accounting for nonmarket impacts in a benefit-cost analysis of underground coal mining in New South Wales, Australia."  Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 3(2): article 4.  DOI: 10.1515/2152-2812.1101
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Australia; Benefit cost analysis; Coal mining; Choice experiments; Natural resource management; Non-market valuation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D61; Q32; Q38; Q51.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98239

Determination of Optimal Environmental Flow Acquisition  in Kor Basin, Doroudzan Dam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Asad Falsafi Zadeh,   Neda; Sabouhi Sabouni,   Mahmood.
In current study, an irrigation examination and acquisition of environmental water in Kor River fields, that is dominated from Doroudzan dam to Bakhtegan Lake, was done by an integrated economy-environmental model. The model was considered by economic, hydrologic and agronomic components. In the economic component, an optimal harvesting of water was done using non-linear programming in two scenarios; with and without environmental water constraint. Solutions from simulation of environmental data in the hydrologic component, was used as initial data in the economic component. In the agronomic component, actual crop yield in wet, normal and dry years was determined using the relationship between crop yield and irrigation water amount. Results showed that,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Expected Net Income; Hydrology; Non-Linear Programming Model; Deficit Irrigation; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; C32; C61; D42; D61.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50258

Reallocation of price risk among members
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pedersen,   Michael Friis.
Marketing of milk and meat in Denmark is dominated by two large cooperatives, Arla Foods in the dairy sector and Danish Crown in the pork sector. Members in these cooperatives practically have no possibility for price risk management on their main product. Futures markets for dairy and pork are not utilised, and it is suggested that the reason is prohibitively large basis risk. The events following the global financial crisis suggest increased need for price risk management in Danish agriculture. Since futures markets do not seem to be a viable solution, the paper explores an alternative. Reallocation of price risk among members in marketing cooperatives. Endowing members with a forward contracted share of delivery, and allowing for transfer at a market...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Futures; Hedging; Risk management; Marketing cooperatives; Agribusiness; Risk and Uncertainty; G13; G32; Q13; D61; D8.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122529

Referendum Design and Contingent Valuation: The NOAA Panel's No-Vote Recommendation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carson,   Richard T.; Hanemann,   W. Michael; Kopp,   Raymond J.; Krosnick,   Jon A.; Mitchell,   Robert C.; Presser,   Stanley; Ruud,   Paul A.; Smith,   V. Kerry; Conaway,   Michael; Martin,   Kerry.
In 1992 the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) convened a panel of prominent social scientists to assess the reliability of natural resource damage estimates derived from contingent valuation (CV). The product of the Panel's deliberations was a report that laid out a set of recommended guidelines for CV survey design, administration, and data analysis. One of the Panel's recommendations was that CV surveys should employ a referendum approach. This method describes a choice mechanism that asks each respondent how they would vote if faced with a particular program and the prospect of paying for the program through some means, such as higher taxes. The Panel also recommended that CV referendum questions which commonly use only "for" or...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Natural resource damages; Passive use; Exxon Valdez; Reliability; Environmental Economics and Policy; D60; D61; K32; Q28.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10865

EFFECTS OF QUALITY CONSIDERATIONS AND CLIMATE/WEATHER INFORMATION ON THE MANAGEMENT AND PROFITABILITY OF COTTON PRODUCTION IN THE TEXAS HIGH PLAINS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Britt,   Megan L.; Ramirez,   Octavio A.; Carpio,   Carlos E.
Production function models for cotton lint yields, seed yields, turnout, and lint quality characteristics are developed for the Texas High Plains.  They are used to evaluate the impacts of quality considerations and of climate/weather information on the management decisions and on the profitability and risk of irrigated cotton production systems.  It is concluded that both quality considerations and improved climatic/weather information could have substantial effects on expected profitability and risk.  These effects mainly occur because of changes in optimal variety selection an irrigation water use levels.  Quality considerations in particular result in significantly lower irrigation water use levels regardless of the climate/weather information...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Climatic/weather information; Cotton quality; Ground water resource use; Risk and uncertainty; Texas High Plains; Crop Production/Industries; D21; D24; D61; D81; D84.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15082

Promoting Organic Food: Information Policy Versus Production Subsidy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tribl,   Christoph; Salhofer,   Klaus.
In developed countries governments aim to increase the market share of organic products. Assuming that organic farming creates a positive externality, we address the question of how this environmental benefit can be internalized best. Using the concept of heterogeneous producers and consumers we compare two policy options to enhance organic supply and demand with respect to their efficiency and distributional effect: First, we analyze the effect of a supply-side oriented policy like a subsidy on organic production. Second, we compare this policy measure to a demand-side oriented information policy, which aims to enhance the acceptance and identification of an organic food label. Third, we assume a mix of both policy measures. The main findings of this...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Organic food; Labeling; Production subsidy; Information policy; Welfare; Agricultural and Food Policy; D61; D62; L15; Q18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24653

The Economics of Climate Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kolstad,   Charles D.; Toman,   Michael.
Economics has played an increasingly important role in shaping policy, in the United States and elsewhere. This paper reviews some of the dimensions of the economic approach to analyzing, understanding, and developing solutions to the problem of climate change. We then turn to the issue of designing regulatory instruments to control the problem. The paper concludes with a discussion of the political economy of greenhouse gas control in an international context.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Climate policy design; Integrated assessment; Environmental policy coordination; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q28; Q48; D61; D62; D63.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10783

Does the Value of a Statistical Life Vary with Age and Health Status? Evidence from the United States and Canada
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alberini,   Anna; Cropper,   Maureen L.; Krupnick,   Alan J.; Simon,   Nathalie B.
Much of the justification for environmental rulemaking rests on estimates of the benefits to society of reduced mortality rates. Yet the literature providing estimates of the willingness to pay (WTP) for mortality risk reductions measures the value that healthy, prime-aged adults place on reducing their risk of dying, whereas the majority of statistical lives saved by environmental programs, according to epidemiological studies, appear to be the lives of older people and people with chronically impaired health. This paper provides an empirical assessment of the effects of age and baseline health on WTP for mortality risk reductions by reporting the results of two contingent valuation surveys designed to test the above hypotheses. One survey was...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Willingness to pay; Mortality; Contingent valuation; Age; Health status; Health Economics and Policy; D61; D62; Q20; Q26.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10769

Beneficios privados y beneficios sociales en la cadena de la manzana para la exportación en el Uruguay.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rava,   Catalina; Lanfranco,   Bruno A.; Ferraro,   Bruno.
Este trabajo analizó el desempeño de la cadena exportadora de manzana para consumo en fresco, en Uruguay, mediante el método de la matriz de análisis de políticas (MAP). Se trabajó con la variedad Royal Gala, una de las más exportadas localmente por su temprana maduración y su buena aceptación en mercados de valor, como el europeo. Se cuantificaron los efectos de las políticas públicas (impuestos, subsidios, cargas sociales) y las eventuales fallas de mercado que afectan los distintos eslabones, estimándose las potenciales transferencias de recursos, desde o hacia la cadena. Primero se computaron los ingresos y costos en los distintos eslabones considerados: producción, transporte, procesamiento y empaque. Se calcularon los beneficios privados y sociales...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Policy analysis matrix; Production systems; Economic efficiency; Public policies; Export markets; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Political Economy; Public Economics; D40; D61; E62; H20.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121682

Modeling Economywide versus Sectoral Climate Policies Using Combined Aggregate-Sectoral Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pizer,   William A.; Burtraw,   Dallas; Harrington,   Winston; Newell,   Richard G.; Sanchirico,   James N.
Economic analyses of climate change policies frequently focus on reductions of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions via market-based, economywide policies. The current course of environment and energy policy debate in the United States, however, suggests an alternative outcome: inefficiently designed and/or sector-based policies. This paper uses a collection of specialized, sector-based models in conjunction with a computable general equilibrium model of the economy to examine and compare these policies at an aggregate level. We examine the relative cost of different policies designed to achieve the same quantity of emissions reductions. We find that excluding a limited number of sectors from an economywide policy does not significantly raise costs....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon; Carbon dioxide; Climate change; Climate policy; General equilibrium model; Partial equilibrium model; Cost; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; D58; D61; Q48.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10502

Avaliação benefício-custo de sistemas de dessalinização de água em comunidades rurais cearenses
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Campos,   Roberio Telmo.
This study aims to make the economic assessment of five Desalination Systems by Reverse Osmosis (RO) that are used to generate fresh water for human consumption in rural communities in the Ceará State. The data was gathered from primary source by questionnaire applied to governmental organizations. The method used was the analysis of investment taking into account shadow prices. We concluded that due to the inexistence of any good practices for the desalination management some equipment resulted in negative financing return when considering the effective consumption, particularly those of 400 and 600 liter/hour. In addition, they generated inefficiency regarding to technical support, turning impossible better improvement of the system performance, thus...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Economic Evaluation. Desalination. Potable Water.; Agribusiness; D61; E22 e Q25.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61924

An Economic Model for Bioprospecting Contracts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ding,   Helen; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.; Onofri,   Laura.
This paper explores the use of a micro-economic model to analyse the provisions and parties of bioprospecting contracts. It focuses on the pharmaceutical industry as the representative biodiversity buyer, presenting an original theoretical framework that explains the main contract characteristics or stylised facts. Against this background, it considers the main contractors involved in these private contracts, i.e. biodiversity sellers and biodiversity buyers, analysing both the magnitude and distribution of the respective payoffs. Particular attention is devoted to the different, mixed impacts of bioprospecting contracts and patenting on social welfare. The positive welfare impacts delivered by bioprospecting contracts are associated with the potential...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bioprospecting Contract; Genetic Resource; Biodiversity Buyer; Biodiversity Seller; Patenting; Welfare Analysis; Benefit Sharing; Productivity Analysis; D21; D23; D61; L14; Q57.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7450