Consulta: subjectFacets:"D8"
Registros recuperados: 54
Data/hora: 29/05/2024 07:39:31

A Cost Approach to Economic Analysis under Production Uncertainty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chavas,   Jean-Paul.
This paper explores the economics of input decision by a firm facing production uncertainty. It relies on a state-contingent approach to production uncertainty. First, the paper develops a methodology to specify and estimate cost-minimizing input decisions under a state-contingent technology. Second, the analysis is applied to time series data on US agriculture. It finds strong empirical evidence that, in the analysis of input choices, expected output alone does not provide an appropriate representation of production uncertainty. The results provide empirical support for an output-cubical technology. This indicates that an ex post analysis of stochastic technology (as commonly found in previous research) appears appropriate. The analysis also provides...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Production uncertainty; State contingent; Cost; Cubical technology.; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C3; D21; D8.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21081

Nuclear versus Coal plus CCS: A Comparison of Two Competitive Base-load Climate Control Options
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tavoni,   Massimo; van der Zwaan,   Bob.
In this paper we analyze the relative importance and mutual behavior of two competing base-load electricity generation options that each are capable of contributing significantly to the abatement of global CO2 emissions: nuclear energy and coal-based power production complemented with CO2 capture and storage (CCS). We also investigate how, in scenarios from an integrated assessment model that simulates the economics of a climate-constrained world, the prospects for nuclear energy would change if exogenous limitations on the spread of nuclear technology were relaxed. Using the climate change economics model WITCH we find that until 2050 the resulting growth rates of nuclear electricity generation capacity become comparable to historical rates observed...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic Competition; Electricity Sector; Nuclear Power; Coal Power; CCS; Renewables; Climate Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D8; D9; H0; O3; O4; Q4; Q5.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55327

Controlling a Stock Pollutant with Endogenous Abatement Capital and Asymmetric Information
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Zhang,   Jiangfeng.
Non-strategic firms with rational expectations make investment and emissions decisions. The investment rule depends on firms' beliefs about future emissions policies. We compare emissions taxes and quotas when the (strategic) regulator and (nonstrategic) firms have asymmetric information about abatement costs, and all agents use Markov Perfect decision rules. Emissions taxes create a secondary distortion at the investment stage, unless a particular condition holds; emissions quotas do not create a secondary distortion. We solve a linear-quadratic model calibrated to represent the problem of controlling greenhouse gasses. The endogeneity of abatement capital favors taxes, and it increases abatement.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Pollution control; Investment; Asymmetric information; Rational expectations; Choice of instruments; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; D8; H21; Q28.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25071

Why do Firms Hold Oil Stockpiles?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mason,   Charles F.
Persistent and significant privately-held stockpiles of crude oil have long been an important empirical regularity in the United States. Such stockpiles would not rationally be held in a traditional Hotelling-style model. How then can the existence of these inventories be explained? In the presence of sufficiently stochastic prices, oil extracting firms have an incentive to hold inventories to smooth production over time. An alternative explanation is related to a speculative motive - firms hold stockpiles intending to cash in on periods of particularly high prices. I argue that empirical evidence supports the former but not the latter explanation.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Petroleum Economics; Stochastic Dynamic Optimization; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q2; D8; L15.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120051

Credit Accessibility, Risk Attitude, and Social Learning: Investment Decisions of Aquaculture in Rural Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Miyata,   Sachiko; Sawada,   Yasuyuki.
This study examines the factors that influenced poor Indonesian farmers to invest in floating net aquaculture after being relocated due to a reservoir construction project. To compare three primary decision factors, credit accessibility, risk attitudes, and social learning, (i.e., learning effects from others’ experience), we analyze 16 years of socio-economic retrospective data collected in the field interviews exclusively for this study. Our analysis reveals that credit accessibility and risk attitudes are the most important factors that influence the rate of aquaculture investment. Social learning as well as household education also influences the investment decision significantly. Our results suggest that developmen t projects that involve voluntary...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Household investment decision; Credit constraints; Risk attitudes; Social learning; Panel data; Farm Management; D1; D8; D12; Q22.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25669

GALE-SHAPLEY MATCHING IN AN EVOLUTIONARY TRADE NETWORK GAME
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tesfatsion,   Leigh.
For a postscript copy of this paper, click &lt;a href="/Data/isu/er43.ps"&gt; here. &lt;/A&gt;  This study investigates the performance of Gale-Shapley matching in an evolutionary market context.  Computational experimental findings are reported for an evolutionary match-and-play trade network game in which resource-constrained traders repeatedly choose and refuse trade partners in accordance with Gale-Shapley matching, participate in risky trades modelled as two-person prisoner's dilemma games, and evolve their trade behavior over time.  Particular attention is focused on correlations between ex ante market structure and the formation of trade networks, and between trade network formation and the types of trade behavior and social welfare outcomes that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Evolutionary game; Gale-Shapley matching; Iterated prisoners' dilemma; Trade networks; Endogenous interactions; Agent-based computational economics; International Relations/Trade; C7; C8; C9; D8; D4.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18200

The question of “evidence” in the emergence of evidence-based or evidence-aware policies in agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laurent,   Catherine E.; Trouve,   Aurelie.
Evidence-based or evidence-aware policy approaches are used in many different sectors (health, education, etc.). These approaches are less common in agriculture but are gradually emerging. Analysis of debates surrounding this trend sheds light on the particular nature of the difficulties faced by public decision-makers who are willing to use available scientific knowledge. After examining certain misunderstandings which arise in the international debate over evidence-based policy approaches, this paper addresses two specific issues: (i) the problems of competing evidence for using knowledge in the design of public policies and (ii) the potential role of rationalization tools in a possible "depoliticisation" of public decision-making.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Knowledge; Agriculture; Policy; Evidence; Agricultural and Food Policy; B29; D8; Q01; O3.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99833

Pourquoi et comment l’instabilité est-elle une caractéristique structurelle des marchés agricoles?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boussard,   Jean-Marc.
Agricultural price volatility is "bad". But where does it come from? Remedies are completely different for "endogenous" or "exogenous" fluctuations. The recent crisis seems to indicate that exogenous remedies have been applied to endogenous fluctuations.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Instability; Agricultural policy; Development; Fluctuations; Quotas; Cobweb; Insurance.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Industrial Organization; Political Economy; Production Economics; Public Economics; B5; D4; D6; D8; N5; O1.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44424

Impact of Risk and Time Preferences on Responses to Forest Tenure Land Reform:  Empirical Evidence from Fujian, China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sullivan,   Karen A.; Uchida,   Emi; Xu,   Jintao.
This research examines the effect of risk and time preferences on forest management responses to forest tenure land reforms in Fujian, China that began in 2002. The different extent of the reform and its different timing across regions provide a natural experiment to test how time and risk preferences affect a households’ forest investment response to the reform. Empirically, we combine original field experiment data on time and risk preferences collected among 103 households with an original panel survey data set collected among the same 103 households, which contains data for three years: 2000 (before the reform), 2005 and 2008 (after the reform) in a difference-in-differences framework. We examine three measures of forest management activity, including:...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tenure reform; Property rights; Risk preference; Time preference; Poverty; China; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Risk and Uncertainty; Q2; D8; D9; D13; J22; Q15.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61536

DEVELOPMENT OF A MARKET BENCHMARK PRICE FOR AGMAS PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Good,   Darrel L.; Irwin,   Scott H.; Jackson,   Thomas E.
The purpose of this research report is to identify the appropriate market benchmark price to use to evaluate the pricing performance of market advisory services that are included in the annual AgMAS pricing performance evaluations. Five desirable properties of market benchmark prices are identified. Three potential specifications of the market benchmark price are considered: the average price received by Illinois farmers, the harvest cash price, and the average cash price over a two-year crop marketing window. The average cash price meets all of the desired properties, except that it would not be easily implementable by producers. It can be shown, though, that the price realized via a more manageable strategy of "spreading" sales during the marketing...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Advisory services; Evaluating the pricing performance; Market benchmark price; C8; C0; D4; D8; L1; M3; Q0; Z0; Marketing.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14783

Profit Sharing under the Threat of Nationalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Di Corato,   Luca.
A government bargains a mutually convenient agreement with a multinational corporation to extract a natural resource. The corporation bears the initial investment and earns as a return a share on the profits. The host country provides access and guarantee conditions of operation. Being the investment totally sunk, the corporation must account in its plan not only for uncertainty on market conditions but also for the threat of nationalization. In a real options framework where the government holds an American call option on nationalization we show under which conditions a Nash bargaining is feasible and leads to attain a cooperative agreement maximizing the joint venture surplus. We find that the threat of nationalization does not affect the investment time...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Real Options; Nash Bargaining; Expropriation; Natural Resources; Foreign Direct Investment; Financial Economics; C7; D8; K3; F2; O1.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59378

Indian Farmers'  Valuation of Crop Yield Distributions: Will poor farmers value 'pro-poor' seeds?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lybbert,   Travis J.
Potential poverty traps among the rural poor suggest a need to reduce poor farmers' vulnerability by stabilizing crop yields and limiting yield losses. Advances in agricultural biotechnology enable breeders to address this need more directly than ever before with crops that reduce production risk by tolerating climate fluctuation or resisting biotic stresses. Will poor farmers who could benefit most from less vulnerability choose to purchase such risk-reducing seeds? I use data from a household survey and experiment involving farmers in India to infer their valuation of changes in the mean, variance, and skewness of yield distributions. I conclude that these farmers value increases in expected yield in the yield distribution but seem indifferent about...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Risk; Biotechnology; Experimental Economics; Farm Management; C9–; D8; O1; Q1.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19160

Coordinating to Eradicate Animal Disease, and the Role of Insurance Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hennessy,   David A.
Farmed animal production has traditionally been a dispersed sector. Biosecurity actions relevant to eradicating infectious diseases are generally non-contractible, and might involve inordinately high transactions costs if they were contractible. If an endemic disease is to be eradicated within a region, synchronized actions need to be taken to reduce incidence below a critical mass so that spread can be contained. Using a global game model of coordination under public and private information concerning the critical mass required, this paper characterizes the success probability in an eradication campaign. As is standard in global games, heterogeneity in private signals can support a unique equilibrium. Partly because of strategic interactions, concentrated...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biosecurity; Coordination failure; Disease insurance; Endemic disease; Global games; Market access; Public information; Veterinary public health; Livestock Production/Industries; D8; H4; Q1.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7702

Smart Meter Devices and The Effect of Feedback on Residential Electricity Consumption: Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Northern Ireland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gans,   Will; Alberini,   Anna; Longo,   Alberto.
Using a unique set of data and exploiting a large-scale natural experiment, we estimate the effect of real-time usage information on residential electricity consumption in Northern Ireland. Starting in April 2002, the utility replaced prepayment meters with “smart” meters that allow the consumer to track usage in real-time. We rely on this event, account for the endogeneity of price and plan with consumption through a plan selection correction term, and find that the provision of information is associated with a decline in electricity consumption of up to 20%. We find that the reduction is robust to different specifications, selection-bias correction methods and subsamples of the original data. At £15-17 per tonne of CO2e (2009£), the smart meter program...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Residential Energy; Electricity Demand; Feedback; Smart Meter; Information; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q40; Q41; D8.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108202

Innovations in Government Responses to Catastrophic Risk Sharing for Agriculture in Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Skees,   Jerry R.; Barnett,   Barry J.; Hartell,   Jason G.
Markets for transferring catastrophic risk in agriculture are woefully lacking in developing countries. Even in developed countries, markets for transferring the risk of crop losses caused by natural hazards generally exist only with large government subsidies. However, such subsidies can be expensive, inefficient, and have detrimental implications that make future catastrophes even worse. In developing countries fiscal constraints limit the degree to which governments can subsidize markets for agricultural risk-sharing. Nonetheless, there are specific things governments can do to facilitate the development of these markets. This paper addresses the role of government in agricultural risk-sharing for natural disasters that impact crop yields or livestock...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; D8; H5; Q14; Q18; Q54.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25548

Determining Project-Based Emissions Baselines with Incomplete Information
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Carolyn.
Project-based mechanisms for emissions reductions credits, like the Clean Development Mechanism, pose important challenges for policy design because of several inherent characteristics. Participation is voluntary. Evaluating reductions requires assigning a baseline for a counterfactual that cannot be measured. Some investments have both economic and environmental benefits and might occur anyway. Uncertainty surrounds both emissions and investment returns. Parties to the project are likely to have more information than the certifying authority. The certifying agent is limited in its ability to design a contract that would reveal investment intentions. As a result, rules for baseline determination may be systematically biased to overallocate, and they also...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Clean Development Mechanism; Baseline emissions; Asymmetric information; Environmental Economics and Policy; D8; Q4.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10520

Using Experimental Economics to Measure Social Capital and Predict Financial Decisions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karlan,   Dean S.
Questions remain as to whether results from experimental economics games are generalizable to real decisions in non-laboratory settings. Furthermore, important questions persist about whether social capital can help solve seemingly missing credit markets. I conduct two experiments, a Trust game and a Public Goods game, and a survey to measure social capital. I then examine whether behavior in the games predicts repayment of loans to a Peruvian group lending microfinance program. Since the structure of these loans relies heavily on social capital to enforce repayment, this is a relevant and important test of the games, as well as of other measures of social capital. I find that individuals identified as "trustworthy" by the Trust game are in fact less...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trust game; Experimental economics; Microfinance; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; B4; C9; D8; O1.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28429

When Should Uncertain Nonpoint Emissions be Penalized in a Trading Program?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hennessy,   David A.; Feng,   Hongli.
When nonpoint source pollution is stochastic and the damage function is convex, intuition might suggest it is more important to control a nonpoint pollution source than a point source. Earlier research has provided sufficient conditions such that the permit price for a unit of ex-ante expected emissions should be higher than the permit price for a unit of certain emissions. Herein we provide a set of necessary and sufficient conditions such that this is the case. An approach to testing for the validity of the condition set is available, and has been applied to a related problem.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural pollution; Multiple inputs; Permit trading; Social optimality; Trading ratio; Water quality; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q1; Q2; D2; D8.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9805

Taxes Versus Quantities for a Stock Pollutant with Endogenous Abatement Costs and Asymmetric Information
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Zhang,   Jiangfeng.
Non-strategic firms with rational expectations make investment and emissions decisions. The investment rule depends on firms’ beliefs about future emissions policies. We compare emissions taxes and quotas when the (strategic) regulator and (nonstrategic) firms have asymmetric information about abatement costs, and all agents use Markov Perfect decision rules. Emissions taxes create a secondary distortion at the investment stage, unless a particular condition holds; emissions quotas do not create a secondary distortion. We solve a linear-quadratic model calibrated to represent the problem of controlling greenhouse gasses. The endogeneity of abatement capital favors taxes, and it increases abatement.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Pollution control; Investment; Asymmetric information; Rational expectations; Choice of instruments; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C61; D8; H21; Q28.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42877

Farm-Level Risk Management Using Irrigation and Weather Derivatives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lin,   Shanshan; Mullen,   Jeffrey D.; Hoogenboom,   Gerrit.
An agronomic crop growth model—the Decision Support System for Agro-Technology Transfer—and a constant relative risk aversion utility function are used to examine corn irrigation strategies in Mitchell County, Georgia. Precipitation contracts are designed to help farmers manage risk. Three conclusions originate from the findings. First, the optimal irrigation strategy can greatly increase producers’ certainty-equivalent revenue. Second, changes in water pricing policy would have a limited impact on the amount of water used. And third, across levels of risk preference, the precipitation contracts are not effective in increasing certainty-equivalent revenue or reducing cumulative water use.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Irrigation risk management; Water pricing policy; Weather derivative contract; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D8; G22; Q15; Q25.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46986

1997 PRICING PERFORMANCE OF MARKET ADVISORY SERVICES FOR CORN AND SOYBEANS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jackson,   Thomas E.; Irwin,   Scott H.; Good,   Darrel L.
The purpose of this research report is to present an evaluation of advisory service pricing performance in 1997 for corn and soybeans. Specifically, the average price received by a subscriber to an advisory service is calculated for corn and soybean crops harvested in 1997. The average net advisory price across all 23 corn programs is $2.32 per bushel. The net advisory prices for corn range from a minimum of $2.00 per bushel to a maximum of $2.74 per bushel. The average net advisory price across all 21 soybean programs is $6.40 per bushel. The net advisory prices for soybeans range from a minimum of $6.08 per bushel to a maximum of $6.99 per bushel.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Evaluation of advisory services; Pricing performance; Soybeans; C8; D4; D8; L1; M3; Q0; Z0; Marketing.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14780

1996 PRICING PERFORMANCE OF MARKET ADVISORY SERVICES FOR CORN AND SOYBEANS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jackson,   Thomas E.; Irwin,   Scott H.; Good,   Darrel L.
The purpose of this research report is to present an evaluation of advisory service pricing performance in 1996 for corn and soybeans. Specifically, the average price received by a subscriber to an advisory service is calculated for corn and soybean crops harvested in 1996. The average net advisory price across all 26 corn programs is $2.63 per bushel. The range of net advisory prices for corn is quite large, with a minimum of $2.08 per bushel and a maximum of $3.12 per bushel. The average net advisory price across all 24 soybean programs is $7.27 per bushel. As with corn, the range of net advisory prices for soybeans is substantial, with a minimum of $6.80 per bushel and a maximum of $7.80 per bushel.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Market Advisory Services; G1; D8; D7; D4; G2; H4; H8; Q1; Z1; Marketing.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14787

Adoption of New Seed Varieties Under Production Risk: An Application to Rice in Iran
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bakhshoodeh,   Mohamad; Shajari,   S.
This paper focuses on linkage between new rice seed varieties and production risk and also factors affecting adoption of these varieties in Iran. Farm-level data were collected from a sample of 154 rice farms located in two major districts of Fars province in Southern Iran for 2001-02. The risk-premium associated with the use of seed is estimated following by analyzing a moment-based production risk approach. The results show that the risk premium increases with new seed varieties in the lack of appropriate production conditions implying that new seed varieties is a riskincreasing input and involves a higher cost of risk. However, under suitable production conditions, the cultivation of new rice varieties on average ensures greater yield and at the same...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Production risk; Moments-based estimation; New seed varieties; Rice; Crop Production/Industries; D8; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25578

Economic and environmental effects of an EU flat rate for the Dutch agricultural sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Helming,   John F.M.; Peerlings,   Jack H.M.
The objective of this research is to give insights into the production, income and environmental effects of the introduction of an EU flat rate for Dutch agriculture. For this purpose, a detailed agri-environmental programming model for Dutch agriculture is used.  Results of the EU flat rate scenario are compared to a reference scenario that describes agricultural production in the Netherlands in 2020. Results show that total gross margin in Dutch agriculture decreases because of the EU flat rate with 7%. The supply of starch potatoes and cow milk decreases most. Production of seed and consumption potatoes, vegetables and intensive livestock products increases slightly. This is largely due to a shift of farm payments from milk and starch potatoes...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: EU flat rate; Mathematical programming; Income volatility; Agricultural and Food Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Q1; D8.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122481

Decision Support Systems in Australian Agriculture: State of the Art and Future Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nguyen,   Nam C.; Wegener,   Malcolm K.; Russell,   Iean W.
This paper reports and discusses the results of a survey conducted with experts working in the field of decision support systems (DSS) in Australian agriculture. It also reviews the literature on DSS in the light of these experts' responses. The findings from this survey have consolidated our understanding of the current state of DSS in Australian agriculture. The uptake of DSS by farmers has been slow and various issues said to be contributing to this include fear of using computers, time constraints, poor marketing, complexity, lack of local relevance, lack of end-user involvement, and mismatched objectives between developers and users. The future prospect for the development of DSS was generally regarded to be poor. Never-the-less, the authors believe...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: DSS; Farmers' decision-making; Expert opinion; Management decisions; Farm Management; D7; D8; Q12; Q13; Q16.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25581

Riesgo y rentabilidad en empresas ganaderas.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Helguera,   Lorenzo; Lanfranco,   Bruno A.
La producción agropecuaria está muy expuesta a los posibles efectos negativos de una serie de factores que presentan un muy alto grado de variabilidad. Factores climáticos, biológicos, institucionales, humanos y de mercados, afectan rendimientos y precios de productos e insumos. Estos factores son responsables del riesgo económico al que toda empresa está expuesta – cualquiera sea la forma en que se financie – y que puede originar grandes pérdidas en poco tiempo. Por otro lado, el riesgo financiero refiere a la posibilidad, incierta muchas veces, que el productor no pueda hacer frente a sus obligaciones financieras (pago de intereses y amortización de deudas), lo cual puede afectar la misma viabilidad de la empresa. Ambos riesgos están íntimamente ligados,...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Breakeven point; Leverage; Farm management; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management; D8; M1; Q14.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121687

Regulation of Stock Externalities with Correlated Costs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Zhang,   Jiangfeng.
We study a dynamic regulation model where firms' actions contribute to a stock externality. The regulator and firms have asymmetric information about serially correlated abatement costs. With price-based policies such as taxes, or if firms trade quotas efficiently, the regulator learns about the evolution of both stock and costs. This ability to learn about costs is important in determining the ranking of taxes and quotas, and in determining the value of a feedback rather than an open-loop policy.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Pollution control; Asymmetric information; Learning; Correlated costs; Choice of instruments; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; D8; H21; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25077

Project-Based Mechanisms for Emissions Reductions: Balancing Trade-offs with Baselines
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Carolyn.
Project-based mechanisms for emissions reductions credits, like the Clean Development Mechanism, pose important challenges for policy design because of several inherent characteristics. Participation is voluntary, so it will not occur without sufficient credits. Evaluating reductions requires assigning an emissions baseline for a counterfactual that cannot be measured. Some investments have both economic and environmental benefits and might occur anyway. Uncertainty surrounds both emissions and investment returns, and parties to the project are likely to have more information than the certifying authority. The certifying agent is limited in its ability to design a contract that would reveal investment intentions. As a result, rules for benchmarking...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Clean Development Mechanism; Baselines; Asymmetric information; Offsets; Emissions reduction; Tradable emissions permits; Environmental Economics and Policy; D8; Q4.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10836

Weather Derivatives as an Instrument to Hedge Against the Risk of High Energy Cost in Greenhouse Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berg,   Ernst; Schmitz,   Bernhard; Starp,   Michael.
In many areas agriculture is exposed to weather related risks. Weather derivatives that get more and more in the focus of interest can reduce these risks. In this study we develop a temperature based weather derivative and analyse how it can reduce the weather-related energy cost risk in greenhouse production. We base this study on a temperature index whose stochastic characteristics are analysed. Finally we simulate the heating demand for energy of a horticultural firm.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; C22; D8; Q14.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25629

A Two-Stage Value Chain Model for Vegetable Marketing Chain Efficiency Evaluation: A Transaction Cost Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lu,   Hualiang.
We applied a two-stage value chain model to investigate the effects of input application and occasional transaction costs on vegetable marketing chain efficiencies with a farm household-level data set. In the first stage, the production efficiencies with the combination of resource endowments, capital and managerial inputs, and production techniques were evaluated; then at the second stage, the marketing technical efficiencies were determined under the marketing value of the vegetables for three typical marketing chains in Nanjing area, P.R. China. The impacts of the transaction costs to the supply chain technical efficiency both at the production and marketing stages were examined by using Tobit model. Study showed that transaction costs significantly...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Two-stage value chain model; Data envelopment analysis; Technical efficiency; Transaction cost; Vegetable; China; Industrial Organization; D1; D8; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25327

Testing for Speculative Behavior in US Corn Ethanol Investments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kumarappan,   Subbu; Gustafson,   Cole R.
Crude oil price speculation during 2000s could have increased installed capacity in corn ethanol plants  beyond what was warranted by the market factors. We use   Muth’s commodity pricing model and Flood and Garber’s tests to test for speculative investment in US corn ethanol industry. The ethanol price expectations are derived using a system of supply-demand-inventory describing US ethanol markets under rational expectations (perfect foresight). These price expectations can help differentiate the installed capacity into two: capacity supported by the market fundamentals and the probable capacity that is installed based on speculation. Econometric estimation procedures and functional form approximations are discussed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Speculation; Commodity prices; Investment; Agricultural Finance; Financial Economics; Q14; Q41; D8; L71.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61418

POWDERY MILDEW RISK AND FORECASTING IN WINE GRAPES: DO GROWERS CHANGE RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN RESPONSE TO DISEASE FORECASTS?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lybbert,   Travis J.; Magnan,   Nicholas; Gubler,   W. Douglas.
How and how well growers manage the risks inherent in agriculture has direct welfare implications for producers and consumers at both local and societal levels. While better weather, pest and disease forecast information are rapidly disseminating among producers and are often touted as promising inputs to production and risk management, little is known about how this new information actually shapes producer behavior in practice. We argue that better forecast information can benefit growers and improve their capacity to manage disease and pests effectively, but that we must jointly consider the various margins of adjustment available to growers in order to properly understand their response to this improved information. Using the case of California wine...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; D8; Q1; Q5.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61745

Effects of volatile output prices on agricultural land-use change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boere,   Esther; Peerlings,   Jack H.M.; Reinhard,   Stijn; Kuhlman,   Tom; Heijman,   Wim J.M.
Volatile output prices lead to a fluctuating shadow price (profitability) of agricultural land, and therefore may impact land use decisions in case of risk-averse behaviour. In this paper we assess the effect of volatile agricultural output prices on agricultural land-use change over the past decade in the Netherlands. Using regional data from 2000 through 2009, the number of hectares of land for 10 land uses was calculated. To determine the joint distribution of agricultural activities, hectares of land for each land use were converted to land share equations. Land share equations were estimated to determine the contribution of increased price volatility to land use change. Results show that larger volatility affects land shares negatively. Producer’s...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land-use; Risk; Price volatility; Risk and Uncertainty; Q1; D8.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122472

Estimation with Price and Output Uncertainty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alghalith,   Moawia.
This paper extends the existing estimation methods to allow estimation under simultaneous price and output uncertainty. In contrast with the previous literature, our approach is applicable to the direct and indirect utility functions and does not require specification and estimation of the production function. We derive estimating equations for the two most common forms of output risk (additive and multiplicative risks) and empirically determine which form is appropriate. Moreover, our estimation method can be utilized by future empirical studies in several ways. First, our method can be extended to include multiple sources of uncertainty. Second, it is applicable to other specifications of output uncertainty. Third, it can be used to conduct hypothesis...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Estimating equations; Output uncertainty; Price uncertainty; Utility; D8; D2.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37108

THE MARKETING STYLE OF ADVISORY SERVICES FOR CORN AND SOYBEANS IN 1995
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bertoli,   Roberto; Zuluaf,   Carl R.; Irwin,   Scott H.; Jackson,   Thomas E.; Good,   Darrel L.
The 1995 marketing styles for the 25 market advisory service programs included in the AgMAS Project were developed in two steps. The first step was the construction of a detailed "menu" of the tools and strategies used by each of the advisory programs in marketing corn and soybeans. The menu describes the type of pricing tool, frequency of transactions, and magnitude of transactions. The second step was the development of a daily index of the net amount sold by each market advisory program. To construct such an index, the various futures, options, and cash positions recommended for a program on a given day were weighted by the respective position "delta." When the daily values of the index were plotted for the entire marketing period, the marketing...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Advisory services; Pricing tools; Pricing strategies; Assessment of recommendations; D4; C8; D8; M3; Q0; Marketing.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14792

Auctioning Conservation Payments using Environmental Indices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cattaneo,   Andrea.
A framework for analyzing conservation programs that rank applications using environmental indices is presented. We derive the optimal bid from the farmer's perspective for both land retirement and working lands agri-environmental payment programs and we analyze how these solutions depend on program design parameters. The distinction is made between environmental objectives based on whether the farmer exercises control or not over the level proposed in a bid to participate in a program. The optimization model is solved analytically for two cases - a land retirement and a working lands program - highlighting the differences in the results. For land retirement programs we conclude that, for the cases considered, the exogenous environmental performance does...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental payments; Program design; Participation incentives; D8; H5; Q28; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25438

Experimental Evidence of Risk Aversion in Consumer Markets: The Case of Beef Tenderness
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alfnes,   Frode; Rickertsen,   Kyrre; Ueland,   Oydis.
Consistency of quality is important for brand loyalty and market share in consumer markets. Among consumers of beef, tenderness is the primary quality attribute. We use an experimental auction market to investigate how inconsistency in tenderness affects consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for beef. We find that both the level and the spread of tenderness affect consumers’ WTP for beef. Categorization the beef into various classes of tenderness increased the total value of the beef by 8%, which suggests that improved tenderness labeling may be a profitable strategy.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Beef tenderness; Consumer demand; Experimental auction; Marketing; Risk aversion; Consumer/Household Economics; C91; D12; D8; Q13.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24553

Nutrient Best Management Practice Insurance and Farmer Perceptions of Adoption Risk
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mitchell,   Paul D.
This paper explores the effect farmer perceptions concerning how best management practice (BMP) adoption changes the profit distribution have on BMP adoption incentives and the  potential for insurance to  increase these incentives.  Adoption indifference curves illustrate the effect of farmer perceptions on BMP adoption incentives and the potential for insurance to expand the set of perceptions consistent with adoption.  Empirical analysis quantifies these conceptual results for nutrient BMP insurance, a new policy available to corn farmers as part of a USDA-Risk Management Agency pilot program in four states.  Results indicate that nutrient BMP insurance can have economically relevant effects on farmer adoption incentives.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Adoption indifference curves; Crop insurance; Fertilizer; Green insurance; D8; Q12; Q16; Q21.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43460

Profit Sharing under the Threat of Nationalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Di Corato,   Luca.
A multinational corporation engages in foreign direct investment for the extraction of a natural resource in a developing country. The corporation bears the initial investment and earns as a return a share of the profits. The host country provides access and guarantees conditions of operation. Since the investment is totally sunk, the corporation must account in its plan not only for uncertainty in market conditions but also for the threat of nationalization. In a real options framework, where the government holds an American call option on nationalization, we show under which conditions a Nash bargaining leads to a profit distribution maximizing the joint venture surplus. We find that the threat of nationalization does not affect the investment threshold...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Real Options; Nash Bargaining; Expropriation; Natural Resources; Foreign Direct Investment; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C7; D8; K3; F2; O1.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58292

Risk Valuation in the Presence of Risky Substitutes: An Application to Demand for Seafood
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huang,   Ju-Chin; Haab,   Timothy C.; Whitehead,   John C.
We attempt to value health risks by combining traditional demand impact analysis with direct elicitation of individuals’ risk perceptions of food safety. We examine the impact of multiple risks of related goods on consumption of a risky good. We argue that the consumption of a risky good depends on both its absolute risk level and its relative risks to other risky goods. Seafood consumption in eastern North Carolina was studied. We elicited, in a survey, individual perceived risks as reference points to derive the economic value of reducing health risk in seafood consumption. Revealed and stated data were combined to trace out demand changes in response to absolute and relative risk reductions. Our results show that seafood consumption is affected by the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Absolute and Relative Risks; Food Borne Health Risk; Revealed and Stated Data; Risk Substitutes; D1; D8; I12; Q21.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42938

AGRICULTURAL POLICY UNCERTAINTY AND ANTICIPATORY FIRM LEVEL ADJUSTMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lagerkvist,   Carl Johan.
This paper investigates, through a dynamic stochastic adjustment model the extent to which an active agricultural policy can be the source of volatility in agricultural investment. It is shown that noise in formulation of agricultural policy has adverse effects even in cases where earlier results would take that investment is increased.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Uncertainty; Agricultural Policy; Investment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Financial Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; D8; E2; H20; Q18.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21734

1995 PRICING PERFORMANCE OF MARKET ADVISORY SERVICES FOR CORN AND SOYBEANS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jackson,   Thomas E.; Irwin,   Scott H.; Good,   Darrel L.
The purpose of this research report is to present an evaluation of advisory service pricing performance in 1995 for corn and soybeans. Specifically, the average price received by a subscriber to an advisory service is calculated for corn and soybean crops harvested in 1995. The average net advisory price across all 25 corn programs is $3.04 per bushel. The range of net advisory prices for corn is quite large, with a minimum of $2.34 per bushel and a maximum of $3.81 per bushel.  The average net advisory price across all 25 soybean programs is $6.61 per bushel.  As with corn, the range of net advisory prices for soybeans is substantial, with a minimum of $5.75 per bushel and a maximum of $7.92 per bushel.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Market Advisory Service (AgMAS) Project; D4; D7; D8; G1; G2; H4; H8; Q1; Z1; Marketing.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14790

Reallocation of price risk among members
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pedersen,   Michael Friis.
Marketing of milk and meat in Denmark is dominated by two large cooperatives, Arla Foods in the dairy sector and Danish Crown in the pork sector. Members in these cooperatives practically have no possibility for price risk management on their main product. Futures markets for dairy and pork are not utilised, and it is suggested that the reason is prohibitively large basis risk. The events following the global financial crisis suggest increased need for price risk management in Danish agriculture. Since futures markets do not seem to be a viable solution, the paper explores an alternative. Reallocation of price risk among members in marketing cooperatives. Endowing members with a forward contracted share of delivery, and allowing for transfer at a market...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Futures; Hedging; Risk management; Marketing cooperatives; Agribusiness; Risk and Uncertainty; G13; G32; Q13; D61; D8.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122529

Adopting Organic Agriculture: An Investigation Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hattam,   Caroline.
Certified organic production by small-scale farmers in developing countries is increasingly promoted as an opportunity to access a growing and dynamic market, while at the same time, enhance productivity and improve incomes. Nevertheless, adoption has been limited. The economics literature suggests profitability is the main constraint, however, the sustainable agriculture literature is inconclusive and considers attitudes of significant importance. Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour, this study investigates the psychological barriers to adoption using small-scale avocado producers from Michoacan, Mexico as a case study. The data is obtained from a household study carried out during 2004 and is modelled using an ordered probit model. Despite positive...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Organic agriculture; Theory of planned behaviour; Entry barriers; O13; Production Economics; Q12; D8.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25269

A Theory of Strategic Diffusion
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goyal,   Sanjeev; Galeotti,   Andrea.
The important role of friends, neighbors and colleagues in shaping individual choices has been brought out in a number of studies over the years. The presence of significant ‘local’ influence in shaping individual behavior suggests that firms, governments and developmental agencies should explicitly incorporate it in the design of their marketing and developmental strategies. This paper develops a framework for the study of optimal strategies in the presence of social interaction. We focus on the case of a single player who exerts costly effort to get a set of individuals – engaged in social interaction – to choose a certain action. Our formulation allows for different types of social interaction (ranging from sharing of information to direct adoption...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Social Interaction; Seeding the Network; Word of Mouth Communication; Diffusion Strategy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; D8; L15.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9096

Bayesian Learning and the Regulation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Zhang,   Jiangfeng.
We study the importance of anticipated learning - about both environmental damages and abatement costs - in determining the level and the method of controlling greenhouse gas emissions. We also compare active learning, passive learning, and parameter uncertainty without learning. Current beliefs about damages and abatement costs have an important effect on the optimal level of emissions, However, the optimal level of emissions is not sensitive either to the possibility of learning about damages. or to the type of learning (active or passive), Taxes dominate quotas, but by a small margin.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Uncertainty; Bayesian learning; Asymmetric information; Choice of instruments; Dynamic optimization; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Cll; C6l; D8; H2l; Q28.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6214

The Role of Trust and Risk Aversion in Farmers' Used Machinery Transactions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roe,   Brian E.; Batte,   Marvin T.; Diekmann,   Florian.
Results of a nationally representative survey of US farmers link previously validated survey measures of risk aversion and interpersonal trust to farmers’ intended use of online venues for transacting used equipment.  Other factors affecting online purchase propensity includes the quality of farmers’ relationships with local equipment dealerships.  Understanding the factors that impact farmers’ use of internet market venues is crucial as rural internet penetration deepens, farm equipment needs grow more specialized and local offline markets thin.  These results may also help explain past observations of severe discounting of used farm equipment sold in online venues.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Internet; Agricultural marketing; Durable inputs; Survey; Risk aversion; Trust; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty; D8; L15; L64; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60972

Observing Unobservables: Identifying Information Asymmetries with a Consumer Credit Field Experiment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karlan,   Dean S.; Zinman,   Jonathan.
Information asymmetries are important in theory but difficult to identify in practice. We estimate the empirical importance of adverse selection and moral hazard in a consumer credit market using a new field experiment methodology. We randomized 58,000 direct mail offers issued by a major South African lender along three dimensions: 1) the initial "offer interest rate" appearing on direct mail solicitations; 2) a "contract interest rate" equal to or less than the offer interest rate and revealed to the over 4,000 borrowers who agreed to the initial offer rate; and 3) a dynamic repayment incentive that extends preferential pricing on future loans to borrowers who remain in good standing. These three randomizations, combined with complete knowledge of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Information asymmetries; Field experiment; Adverse selection; Moral hazard; Development finance; Credit markets; Microfinance; Financial Economics; C9; D8; G2; G3; O1.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28482

Irreversibility, Uncertainty and the Adoption of Transgenic Crops: the Case of BT-Maize in France
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scatasta,   Sara; Wesseler,   Justus; Demont,   Matty.
This study applies a real option approach to quantify, ex-ante, the maximum incremental social tolerable irreversible costs that would justify immediate adoption of Bt maize in France. Based on field trials, we find that incremental private reversible benefits in the agricultural sector are -18 million euro yearly for maize for animal feed and 1 million euro yearly for maize for human consumption. Incremental social irreversible benefits from reduced insecticide use are negligible. The maximum incremental social tolerable irreversible costs are -28 million euro yearly for maize for animal feed and 0.4 million Euro yearly for maize for human consumption.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bt maize; Real option; France; Field trials; Irreversible social costs; Crop Production/Industries; D6; D8; Q1.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24758

The Response of Consumption to Income Shocks:  Evidence from the Indian Trade Liberalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tandon,   Sharad; Landes,   Maurice R.
This paper uses the Indian tariff reforms of the early nineties to estimate how households responded to the negative income shocks caused by the tariff decreases.  Households more hurt by the tariff reform decreased overall expenditure, but the response is not uniform across food items.  In particular, households more hurt by the reform did not change their consumption of cereals, but decreased their consumption of all other food items.  Although this coping mechanism helped maintain overall levels of calorie consumption, diet diversity and the associated benefits were sacrificed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nutrition; Trade; Development; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; D7; D8; H2; O2.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103767

Managing Permit Markets to Stabilize Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Newell,   Richard G.; Pizer,   William A.; Zhang,   Jiangfeng.
The political economy of environmental policy favors the use of quantity-based instruments over price-based instruments (e.g., tradable permits over green taxes), at least in the United States. With cost uncertainty, however, there are clear efficiency advantages to prices in many cases, especially for stock pollutants such as greenhouse gases. The question arises, therefore, of whether one can design flexible quantity policies that mimic the behavior of price policies, namely stable permit prices and abatement costs. We explore a number of "quantity-plus" policies that replicate the behavior of a price policy through rules that adjust the effective permit cap for unexpectedly low or high costs. They do so without necessitating any monetary exchanges...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Tradable permit market; Prices; Quantities; Banking; Borrowing; Uncertainty; Demand and Price Analysis; Q28; Q48; D8; L51.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10524

HOW LARGE ARE NON-BUDGET-CONSTRAINT EFFECTS OF PRICES ON DEMAND?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heffetz,   Ori; Shayo,   Moses.
Elementary consumer theory assumes that prices affect demand only because they affect the budget constraint (BC). By contrast, several models suggest that prices can affect demand through other channels (e.g. because they signal quality). This alternative conjecture is consistent with evidence from marketing studies. However, neither theory nor evidence is informative regarding the magnitude of non-BC effects. The key econometric challenge arises from the fact that a change in prices typically also changes the BC. This paper uses a lab and a field experiment to disentangle BC from non-BC effects of prices on demand. In our lab experiment we find that, consistent with marketing evidence, prices positively affect stated willingness to pay. However, when...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer behavior; Demand; Price; Quality signals; Experiments; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Marketing; D01; D12; D8; M31.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53882

Measuring Consumer Willingness to Pay for a Health Risk Reduction of Salmonellosis and Campylobacteriosis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goldberg,   Isabell; Roosen,   Jutta.
This paper presents an application of the contingent valuation method (CVM) and choice experiments (CEs). We examine consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for different health risk reduction levels of Salmonellosis and Campylobacteriosis acquired from the consumption of chicken breast. We test for the embedding effect. The embedding effect was not found in the CVM format. It was however present in the CEs. The WTP values in the CVM format rages from Euro 1.29 to 3.34, whereas the WTP obtained by the CEs ranges from Euro -0.16 to Euro 6.68 depending on the disease and the corresponding risk reduction levels.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Chicken; Choice experiments; Contingent valuation method; Food safety; Willingness to pay; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; C9; D8; D12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24512

Contracting for Impure Public Goods: Carbon Offsets and Additionality
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mason,   Charles F.; Plantinga,   Andrew J.
Governments contracting with private agents for the provision of an impure public good must contend with agents who would potentially supply the good absent any payments. This additionality problem is centrally important in the use of carbon offsets as part of climate change mitigation. Analyzing optimal contracts for forest carbon sequestration, an important offset category, we conduct a national-scale simulation using results from an econometric model of land-use change. The results indicate that for an increase in forest area of 50 million acres, annual government expenditures with optimal contracts are about $4 billion lower compared than under a uniform subsidy.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon Sequestration; Incentive Contracting; Offsets; Additionality; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; D8; L15.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101290