Consulta: subjectFacets:"Economic incentives"
Registros recuperados: 17
Data/hora: 12/06/2024 01:16:18

Are Direct Payments for Environmental Services Spelling Doom for Sustainable Forest Management in the Tropics?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wunder, Sven; Center for International Forestry Research; s.wunder@cgiar.org.
Over the past several decades, significant donor funding has been directed to sustainable forest management in the tropics, in the hope of combining forest conservation with economic gains through sustainable use. To date, this approach has produced only modest results in terms of changed silvicultural and land-use practices in this area. Direct payments for environmental services (PES) have been suggested as a promising alternative but still remain widely untested in the tropics. This paper first provides a conceptual assessment of PES, comparing the main features of this practice with those of other conservation instruments. Second, the paper discusses a series of critical questions that have been raised about both the environmental and livelihood...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Forest management; Payments for environmental services; Rural livelihoods; Conservation; Economic incentives.
Ano: 2006

Conservation and Development in Latin America and Southern Africa: Setting the Stage
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Romero, Claudia; Tropical Conservation and Development Program, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida.; romero@ufl.edu; Athayde, Simone; Tropical Conservation and Development Program and Amazon Conservation Leadership Initiative, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida.; simonea@ufl.edu; Collomb, Jean-Gael E.; Wildlife Conservation Network; jgcollomb@gmail.com; DiGiano, Maria; Tropical Conservation and Development Program, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida; marimardig@mac.com; Schmink, Marianne; Tropical Conservation and Development Program, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida.; schmink@LATAM.UFL.EDU; Schramski, Sam; Tropical Conservation and Development Program, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida; schramski@ufl.edu; Seales, Lisa; Tropical Conservation and Development Program, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida; lisaseal@ufl.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Complex social-ecological systems; Conservation; Development; Knowledge networks; Local institutions; Economic incentives; Latin America.
Ano: 2012

Ecological and Social Dimensions of Ecosystem Restoration in the Nordic Countries
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hagen, Dagmar; Norwegian Institute for Nature Research; dagmar.hagen@nina.no; Svavarsdottir, Kristin; Soil Conservation Service of Iceland ; kristin.svavarsdottir@land.is; Tolvanen, Anne K; Finnish Forest Research Institute, Oulu Unit; Thule Institute, University of Oulu; anne.tolvanen@metla.fi; Raulund-Rasmussen, Karsten; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen; krr@life.ku.dk; Arad&amp;#242;ttir, &amp;#192;sa L; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland ; asa@lbhi.is; Fosaa, Anna Maria; Faroese Museum of Natural History ; AnMarFos@ngs.fo; Halldorsson, Gudmundur; Soil Conservation Service of Iceland ; gudmundur.halldorsson@land.is.
An international overview of the extent and type of ecological restoration can offer new perspectives for understanding, planning, and implementation. The Nordic countries, with a great range of natural conditions but historically similar social and political structures, provide an opportunity to compare restoration approaches and efforts across borders. The aim of this study was to explore variation in ecological restoration using the Nordic countries as an example. We used recent national assessments and expert evaluations of ecological restoration. Restoration efforts differed among countries: forest and peatland restoration was most common in Finland, freshwater restoration was most common in Sweden, restoration of natural heathlands and grasslands was...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Economic incentives; Habitats; Land use pressure; Northern Europe; Regional scale; Restoration efforts.
Ano: 2013

Translating the terrestrial mitigation hierarchy to marine megafauna by-catch
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Milner-gulland, E. J.; Garcia, Serge; Arlidge, William; Bull, Joseph; Charles, Anthony; Dagorn, Laurent; Fordham, Sonya; Zivin, Joshua Graff; Hall, Martin; Shrader, Jeffrey; Vestergaard, Niels; Wilcox, Chris; Squires, Dale.
In terrestrial and coastal systems, the mitigation hierarchy is widely and increasingly used to guide actions to ensure that no net loss of biodiversity ensues from development. We develop a conceptual model which applies this approach to the mitigation of marine megafauna by-catch in fisheries, going from defining an overarching goal with an associated quantitative target, through avoidance, minimization, remediation to offsetting. We demonstrate the framework's utility as a tool for structuring thinking and exposing uncertainties. We draw comparisons between debates ongoing in terrestrial situations and in by-catch mitigation, to show how insights from each could inform the other; these are the hierarchical nature of mitigation, out-of-kind offsets,...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Albatrosses; Biodiversity offsetting; Economic incentives; No net loss; Sharks and rays; Turtles.
Ano: 2018
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00442/55324/74980.pdf

Use of avoidance behaviours to reduce the economic impacts of the EU Landing Obligation: the case study of a mixed trawl fishery
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Pointin, Fabien; Daurès, Fabienne; Rochet, Marie-joelle.
The EU Landing Obligation (LO) is designed to reduce bycatch (i.e. unwanted catch) through more selective fishing practices, such as avoidance behaviours which consist in allocating fishing effort to other species, fishing grounds or seasons. Incentives for fishers to change their behaviours depend on their economic performances as well as their ability to avoid bycatch. Changes in economic performances under the LO are evaluated based on cost and revenue equations. The nested grid method is then used to explore the spatial and temporal distribution of landings and discards, and to suggest alternative effort allocation to avoid bycatch. This article is focussed specifically on the French otter trawl fishery in the eastern English Channel and southern North...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Avoidance behaviours; Choke species; Economic incentives; Landing Obligation; Nested grid; Otter trawl fishery.
Ano: 2019
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00486/59811/67505.pdf

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY REFORM: A TAXONOMY OF ECONOMISTS' PERSPECTIVES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shabman,   Leonard A.; Stephenson,   Kurt.
As the environmental policy recommendations of economists become more acceptable, differences in the professional understanding of, and support for, different policy forms are becoming more apparent. These different approaches to environmental policy and research are described around a taxonomy of four perspectives: "rational analysts," "cost analysts", "market managers," and "free market environmentalists." These perspectives are compared and contrasted. Recognition of these differences can result in a better appreciation of the different research agendas of economists and can improve clarity in teaching and policy advising.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Economic incentives; Environmental policy; Regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15225

The Induced Innovation Hypothesis and Energy-Saving Technological Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Newell,   Richard G.; Jaffe,   Adam B.; Stavins,   Robert N.
We develop a methodology for testing Hick's induced innovation hypothesis by estimating a product-characteristics model of energy-using consumer durables, augmenting the hypothesis to allow for the influence of government regulations. For the products we explored, the evidence suggests: (i) the rate of overall innovation was independent of energy prices and regulations, (ii) the direction of innovation was responsive to energy price changes for some products but not for others, (iii) energy price changes induced changes in the subset of technically feasible models that were offered for sale, (iv) this responsiveness increased substantially during the period after energy-efficiency product labeling was required, and (v) nonetheless, a sizeable portion of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Induced innovation; Energy efficiency; Technological change; Economic incentives; Regulation; Standards; Climate change; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; L51; O31; O38; Q40; Q20; Q48.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10521

Economics of Water Quality Protection from Nonpoint Sources: Theory and Practice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ribaudo,   Marc; Horan,   Richard D.; Smith,   Mark E.
Water quality is a major environmental issue. Pollution from nonpoint sources is the single largest remaining source of water quality impairments in the United States. Agriculture is a major source of several nonpoint-source pollutants, including nutrients, sediment, pesticides, and salts. Agricultural nonpoint pollution reduction policies can be designed to induce producers to change their production practices in ways that improve the environmental and related economic consequences of production. The information necessary to design economically efficient pollution control policies is almost always lacking. Instead, policies can be designed to achieve specific environmental or other similarly related goals at least cost, given transaction costs and any...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water quality; Nonpoint-source pollution; Economic incentives; Standards; Education; Liability; Research; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33913

Payments for environmental services : incentives through carbon sequestration compensation for cocoa-based agroforestry systems in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Seeberg-Elverfeldt,   Christina; Schwarze,   Stefan; Zeller,   Manfred.
Up to 25 percent of all anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are caused by deforestation, and Indonesia is the third largest greenhouse gas emitter worldwide due to land use change and deforestation. On the island of Sulawesi in the vicinity of the Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP), many smallholders contribute to conversion processes at the forest margin as a result of their agricultural practices. Specifically the area dedicated to cocoa plantations has increased from zero (1979) to nearly 18,000 hectares (2001). Some of these plots have been established inside the 220,000 hectares of the LLNP. An intensification process is observed with a consequent reduction of the shade tree density. This study assesses which impact carbon sequestration payments for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Payments for environmental services; Carbon sequestration; Agroforestry systems; Cocoa; Linear programming; Economic incentives; Poverty; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92827

Using Alternative Regulatory Instruments to Control Fixed Point Air Pollution in Developing Countries: Lessons from International Experience
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen; Harrington,   Winston.
Should developing countries eschew conventional command and control regulatory instruments that are increasingly seen as inefficient and rely instead on 'alternative' instruments based on economic incentives and community pressure? This paper addresses this question as it pertains to fixed point air pollution. The paper discusses the theoretical advantages and disadvantages of alternative instruments, reviews both industrialized country and developing country experiences with them, and proposes a number of policy guidelines. We argue that regulators in developing countries typically operate under severe financial and institutional constraints. Given these constraints, pure economic incentive instruments are generally not practical since they involve...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market based instruments; Economic incentives; Informal regulation; Developing country; Industrial air pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28; O13.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10689

Experience with Market-Based Environmental Policy Instruments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stavins,   Robert N.
Environmental policies typically combine the identification of a goal with some means to achieve that goal. This chapter for the forthcoming Handbook of Environmental Economics focuses exclusively on the second component, the means - the "instruments" - of environmental policy, and considers, in particular, experience around the world with the relatively new breed of economic-incentive or market-based policy instruments. I define these instruments broadly, and consider them within four categories: charge systems; tradable permits; market friction reductions; and government subsidy reductions. Within charge systems, I consider: effluent charges, deposit-refund systems, user charges, insurance premium taxes, sales taxes, administrative charges, and tax...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market-based policy; Economic incentives; Tradable permits; Emission taxes; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10909

Nitrogen in Agricultural Systems:  Implications for Conservation Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ribaudo,   Marc; Delgado,   Jorge; Hansen,   LeRoy T.; Livingston,   Michael J.; Mosheim,   Roberto; Williamson,   James M.
Nitrogen is an important agricultural input that is critical for crop production. However, the introduction of large amounts of nitrogen into the environment has a number of undesirable impacts on water, terrestrial, and atmospheric resources. This report explores the use of nitrogen in U.S. agriculture and assesses changes in nutrient management by farmers that may improve nitrogen use effi ciency. It also reviews a number of policy approaches for improving nitrogen management and identifi es issues affecting their potential performance. Findings reveal that about two-thirds of U.S. cropland is not meeting three criteria for good nitrogen management. Several policy approaches, including fi nancial incentives, nitrogen management as a condition of farm...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Reactive nitrogen; Nitrogen management; Fertilizer; Water quality; Greenhouse gas; Economic incentives; Conservation policy; Regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118022

QUANTIFYING THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC INCENTIVES ON FIRMS' FOOD SAFETY RESPONSIVENESS: THE CASE OF RED MEAT AND POULTRY PROCESSING SECTOR IN CANADA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jayasinghe-Mudalige,   Udith K.; Henson,   Spencer J.
This study assesses quantitatively the economic incentives for firms to adopt food safety controls and the potential impact of a number of firm and market-specific characteristics on this behavior, focusing on the red meat and poultry-processing sector in Canada.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food safety controls; Economic incentives; Adoption; Food processing sectors in Canada; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20419

Public Support for Sustainable Commercial Harvesting of Wildlife: An Australian Case Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo; Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath.
This paper surveys a sample of 204 members of the Australian public to determine their attitude to the sustainable commercial harvesting of wildlife generally, and considers their specific support for the sustainable commercial harvesting of each of 24 Australian native species. The general attitude of the sample to wildlife harvesting is related to their attitude to nature conservation. The relationship between respondents’ support for the sustainable commercial harvesting of each of the species and their degree of endangerment based on IUCN Red List rankings is established and found to be an inverse one. Support for the commercial sustainable use of each of the species is compared with the willingness of respondents to pay for their conservation. Support...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Australian wildlife species; Conservation policy; Commercial harvesting; Economic incentives; Endangerment; Public attitudes; Sustainable use; Trade.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51418

The economics of agrobiodiversity conservation for food security under climate change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pascual,   Unai; Narloch,   Ulf; Nordhagen,   Stella; Drucker,   Adam G.
Subsistence-based and natural resource-dependent societies are especially vulnerable to climate change. In such contexts, food security needs to be strengthened by investing in the adaptability of food systems. This paper looks into the role of agrobiodiversity conservation for food security in the face of climate change. It identifies agrobiodiversity as a key public good that delivers necessary services for human wellbeing. We argue that the public values provided by agrobiodiversity conservation need to be demonstrated and captured. We offer an economic perspective of this challenge and highlight ways of capturing at least a subset of the public values of agrobiodiversity to help adapt to and reduce the vulnerability of subsistence based economies to...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Adaptation; Agrobiodiversity; Economic incentives; Resilience; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q18; Q24; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117623

The Use of Economic Incentives in Developing Countries: Lessons from International Experience with Industrial Air Pollution
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen; Harrington,   Winston.
To what extent should developing countries eschew conventional command and control environmental regulation that is increasingly seen as inefficient and rely instead on economic incentives? This paper addresses this question as it pertains to industrial air pollution. The paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various economic incentive instruments, presents in-depth case studies of their application in Sweden, the United States, China, and Poland, and proposes a number of policy guidelines. We argue that both design deficiencies and pervasive constraints on monitoring and enforcement impede the effectiveness of economic instruments in developing countries. The latter are difficult to rectify, at least in the medium term. As a result, tradable...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental policy; Economic incentives; Market-based instruments; Developing countries; Air pollution; Sweden; China; Poland; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10601

Dryland salinity, coordinating action and economic policy: a role for contracts?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harvey,   Sallyann.
The problem of addressing dryland salinity at a landscape is considered in the context of using economic incentives to encourage change in land use by individual landholders to adopt salinity mitigating actions where a public asset of significant value is threatened. This paper reviews the principal-agent problem and looks at mechanisms which give incentives to address natural resource management problems, and in particular, the role of contracts between the Government and the landholders for achieving environmental objectives. Consideration is then given to the potential for empirical analysis of these policies in practice and their effectiveness in achieving the desired environmental outcomes.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Salinity; Economic incentives; Contracts; Hidden information; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58703